';

QC-TOBER 1974 Cover: This triple-decker bridge, completed about a year ago, is at the intersection of I-95, Washington Boulevard, and Columbia Pike in Arling­ ton County. On the bottom level is Joyce Street; on the second level is the ramp leading to Washington Boulevard and Columbia Pike; and on the top level are the lanes of I-95. The triple-decker, which is adjacent to the Pentagon, is the only one in the Mixing Bowl complex. Photo by Allen Covey.

Vol. 4 0 No. JO Issued monthly hv the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation as a medium o/ depart111e11tal news and infc;nnation. D. B. Fu1;ate, co111111issoner. J_ F. Harwood, deputv com­ missioner and chief c11gi11cer: Flovd Mihi/1, editor: Jo Billings, editorial assistant: Ronald Rose, art­ work and !avout: Pauline Jrnkins and Pa11/inc Lo1·i11g, IBM Co111poscr typists. W. T. /Jeath, Ken Soper, Ron /.ciglzt_r. /11/cn Co1•ev, and Stephen Ring. photographers. Puhlishcd under t/1e direction of the office of /)Uh/ic relations. Oscar K. Mabry Robert G. Corder

Moving Ahead With Transportation

Major organizational changes were which has a staff of 55, will be respon­ instituted by the Department early in sible for conducting the Department's October to help implement the 1974 broad planning studies for rural and General Assembly's call for unified urban highways and highway-related tran­ transportation planning in Virginia. The sit. It will maintain close liaison with changes stemmed from the legislature's the state's planning district commissions, action in changing the name of the transportation district commissions, local former Department of Highways to the governments, and others with an interest Department of Highways and Transpor­ in transportation planning. In addition, tation, and broadening its mission to it will work with the transportation include responsibility for coordinating commissions and local governing officials planning for all modes of transportation. in helping to administer the state aid The metropolitan transportation program for urban mass transit. planning division has been divided into The transportation coordination divi­ two separate divisions-the division of sion, meanwhile. will have primary transportation planning and the division responsibility for coordinating plans for of transportation coordination, both of air. rail, and water transportation faci­ which are under the supervision of lities with highway and highway-related Director of Planning J. Paul Royer, Jr. transit plans. In addition, the division, The transportation planning division is which has a staff of 33, will be respon­ headed by Oscar K. Mabry, who headed sible for the functions of the land use the former division, and the transporta­ and urban traffic engineering sections, tion coordination division is headed by which were formerly a part of the Robert G. Corder, one of Mr. Mabry's metropolitan division. former assistants. Mr. Mabry will be In broadening the Department's assisted by Richard C. Lockwood, his planning function, the General Assembly former assistant, and two new assistants, kept intact the authority of other state Ralph L. Perry and Randolph E. Camp­ and transportation agencies, local bell. Mr. Corder will be assisted by govern men ts, and the private sector. George R. Conner. Thus, the Department's coordination The transportation planning division, will be aimed at insuring that transporta-

1 tion studies made by others, as well as was on educational leave to pursue his by its own staff, are considered on a graduate studies. He was appointed assis­ unified basis. tant metropolitan engineer in 1969 and Both Mr. Mabry and Mr. Corder have has headed the metropolitan division had wide experience in the field of since April, 1973. He is married to the transportation. Both have been deeply former Caroline Sue Dorsett, of Corpus involved in the Department's two most Christi, Texas, and they have a daughter, successful urban mass transit projects­ Courtney Suzanne. the express lanes for buses and car pools Mr. Corder, a native of Culpeper, on Interstate 95 in Northern Virginia graduated from the University of Vir­ and the 300-space fringe parking lot for ginia with a bachelor's degree in civil bus-riding commuters in the Richmond engineering in 1963, earned a master's area. They have also been responsible in degree in civil engineering from West recent years for many of the Depart­ Virginia University in 1966, and received ment's long-range planning studies, a certificate in urban planning from which have centered in the past pri­ Georgia Tech in 1968. He is a registered marily on highway and street needs and professional engineer in Virginia and a on highway-related mass transit needs. past president of the Virginia Associa­ Mr. Mabry, a native of Lexington, tion of Traffic Engineers. He joined the graduated from VMI in 1961 with a Department's graduate engineer training bachelor's degree in civil engineering, program in 1963 and, like Mr. Mabry, received a master's degree in civil engi­ was on educational leave for his gra­ neering from West Virginia University in duate studies. He became assistant 1966, and completed the professional rn et ropolitan transportation planning program in urban transportation at engineer when the metropolitan division Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh was established in September, 1969. He in 1972. He joined the Department's is married to the former Mary Ann engineer training program in 1961 and Hansbrough, of Culpeper. No Cause for Complacency

The U. S. Department of Transporta­ is concerned because of the narrowing tion says that preliminary figures for month-to-month reduction in traffic August show a continuing decline deaths. nationally in highway fatalities. The "The 13 percent reduction in August decline for that month, however, was is the lowest for any month this year the smallest of the year. and only half of the peak reduction of The August figures, based on reports more than 26 percent in March," Dr. from all 50 states, show that there were Gregory said. "Our gains appear to be 13 percent fewer persons killed in traffic eroding when you consider that the accidents that month than in the same decline in traffic deaths during the last period a year ago- a saving of an esti­ three months, compared to the same mated 700 lives. period a year ago, has been 19, 16, and Dr. James B. Gregory, the Federal 13 percent, respectively." He urged Safety Administrator, said that while he motorists to redouble their efforts to is pleased with the continuing reduction drive safely and to observe posted speed in fatalities, particularly during the limits. high-traffic-volume vacation months, he

2 The Feasibility of Bikeways

Living up to its new name, the Vir­ • It is not desirable to divert a speci­ ginia Department of Highways and fic portion of the highway user tax Transportation recently completed an funds to finance bikeways; the Depart­ extensive report evaluating the need for ment already uses these funds on a pro­ more bikeways around the state and the ject-by-project basis and should retain feasibility of their construction. The flexibility in funding to meet genuine Bikeway Development Study was ini­ needs. tiated by the traffic and safety division The report says that recreational under the direction of former Director bikeway facilities should be developed of Engineering Austin K. Hunsberger in by the Virginia Commission of Outdoor response to a joint resolution of the Recreation or other appropriate agency, 1973 Virginia General Assembly. J. Paul and it proposes a Bikeway Development Royer assumed command of the study Fund collected from sales taxes on bicy­ program when he became director of cles and registration-licensing fees and transportation planning last July. Major supplemented by federal and local portions of the study were conducted monies. The average per-mile cost of by traffic engineers Bert Dunnavant and bicycle lanes, which share a roadway, Ralph Rhudy under the supervision of was estimated at $10,000. Bicycle trails, L. H. Dawson, Jr., assistant state traffic separated from the roadway by a barrier and safety engineer. or open space, cost $38,000 to $40,000 After 18 months of thorough review per mile. with other agencies, educational institu­ Included in the report was an analy­ tions, city officials, and bicycle enthu­ sis of bicycle-motor vehicle accident siasts, the Department reached these statistics. Twenty-two persons were conclusions: killed in bicycle-motor vehicle accidents • The growing popularity of bicycles, during 1973, an increase of 120 percent as evidenced by the fact that those in over the 10 fatalities which occurred in use in Virginia increased from 544,000 1972. Because the greatest frequency of in 1960 to about 1,641,000 in 1974, accidents is among schoolchildren, it was demands more attention to the provision suggested that traffic law programs be of safe, adequate bikeway facilities. geared to their level. More stringent •commuter bicycle routes should be enforcement of laws relating to bicy­ financed with highway user tax reve­ clists was also recommended. nues as a part of street and highway Bicycle facilities totaling five miles in construction and improvement projects. length and expected to cost more than •Planning of bicycle facilities should $100,000 are to be constructed as part be a matter of local initiative. of a current project which is also pro­ • Adequate provision must be made viding preferential lanes for commuter for maintenance of completed facilities. buses along US 50 in Arlington County. • A statewide system is not recom­ Other bicycle routes in Northern Vir­ mended at this time owing to the ginia, Virginia Beach, and Blacksburg are physical problems of establishing routes in active planning stages; these are ex­ and the complexities of identifying bike­ pected to cost almost $4 million. way needs on a statewide basis.

3 W. C. Newcomb L.A. Baker M. F. Creech H. H. Newlon, Jr. Names in the News

Willard Claude Newcomb has been the resignation of Lt. Col. Joseph G. promoted to assistant resident engineer Kimble, who has joined private industry in the Fredericksburg District. Mr. New­ after serving with the Turnpike since comb joined the Department in 1951 as December I, 1969. an inspector trainee in the Richmond Colonel Polonsky joined the District and worked his way up through Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike Author­ the ranks, with assignments in the dis­ ity on August I, 1970, as assistant trict materials, drafting, and right-of-way director of engineering and maintenance. sections. In 1965 he was promoted to He attended St. Johns University of project engineer in the Chesterfield New York and the University of Illinois, Residency; in 1972 he transferred to the took military engineering courses at Saluda Residency; and in 1973 he was various military installations, including assigned to the Fredericksburg District the Engineer School at Ft. Belvoir, and office to assist the district engineer with is a graduate of the Command and the construction program. General Staff College. Colonel Polonsky A native of Chesterfield County, Mr. retired after 28 years in the Corps of Newcomb graduated from Manchester Engineers. High School in 1951 and has furthered Leslie A. Baker, assistant safety engi­ his education by completing engineering neer, has been elected president of the courses at night school and with the Colonial Virginia Chapter of the Ameri­ International Correspondence Schools. can Society of Safety Engineers. He has He is married to the former Betty L. served in turn as treasurer, secretary, Boswell, of Chesterfield County, and and vice-president of the chapter and they have three children-Ripley, a has chaired several of its committees. junior at VPI; Stanley, a senior at The chapter, which is one of 97 in the Spotsylvania High School; and Suzanna, United States, has about I 00 members who is married and lives in Richmond. from all parts of the state. Mr. Baker, who has been an Colonel Stanford I. Polonsky, of the employee of the Department since 1957 U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, retired, and an assistant safety engineer since has been promoted to superintendent of 1966, attended Bridgewater College in maintenance for the Richmond­ Virginia, the University of California, Petersburg Turnpike. Mr. Polonsky was and Shepherd College in West Virginia. promoted to fill the vacancy created by He is married to the former Patricia 4 Ruth Hubers, of Arlington, and they ed chairman of Committee C-1 cm Cement have a son, Gregory Payne, and a of the American Society for Testing and daughter, Stephanie Lynn. Materials. The society, whose headquarters are in Philadelphia, is the world's largest Marion F. Creech, materials research source of voluntary consensus standards analyst in the maintenance section of for materials, products, systems, and ser­ the Research Council, left for Stock­ vices. holm, Sweden, on October l to begin a A native of Brandy Station, Mr. nine-month study program with the Newlon received a bachelor's and a Swedish National Road Administration. master's degree in civil engineering from Mr. Creech, who has been with the the University of Virginia. A registered Department since 1965 and with the professional engineer, he joined the De­ Council since 1970, will study Swedish partment in 19 56 as a highway research transportation research and systems, engineer. Since 1958 he has been in with special attention to urban planning. charge of Portland cement concrete re­ The study program is made possible search, and since 1968 he has been assis­ through the cooperation of the Depart­ tant head of the Council. He is also a ment, the Swedish National Road lecturer in the School of Architecture at Administration, and the International the University of Virginia. Road Federation. Mr. Newlon is married to the former Betty Anne McGhee, of Bedford. They Howard H. Newlon, Jr., assistant head have a daughter, Nancy, who is a sopho­ of the Virginia Highway and Transporta­ more at Westhampton College, and a tion Research Council, was recently elect- daughter, Anne, who is a third-grader. WHAT'S IN A MAP?

Richmond schoolchildren in grades Early, engineering technician in the loca­ four through six will learn how maps are tion and design division's aerial survey made when Channel 23, an educational section, demonstrating scribing tech­ station, airs a 20-minute lesson, 12 niques. Fred Bales explains the coordi­ minutes of which were taped in the nate system for mapping and tells how Central Office during the first week of map manuscripts are prepared. Finally, October. The film focuses on traffic and Jean Bush, illustrator in the traffic and safety division and location and design safety division, is shown working on the division employees demonstrating var­ layout of the reverse side of the new ious skills used in preparing maps. state map that will be distributed the Most of the lesson is narrated by first of the year. Bob Ketner, cartographic draftsman Sandra Waugaman, script writer for supervisor, who describes the maps pub­ Channel 23, says the program is part of lished by the Department and explains a series of interdisciplinary studies for their development, beginning with aerial children in elementary schools. "A lot photography. In the next scene, Fred of time and effort went into this map­ Bales, photogrammetric engineer, and making lesson," she adds. "I'd estimate pilot Curtis Pfeiffer, location and design that between two and three hours of engineer, are shown taking aerial photo­ preparation time and editing were graphs. This is followed by scenes of needed for each minute of air time." Tom Slayton, photogrammetrist, operat­ The program will be aired on January ing the stereoscopic plotter, and Randy 30.

5 Public Participation in Highway Planning

by W. M. Wood, Jr. Sociologist

Citizens have long utilized public any project receiving federal funds. The meetings as a forum for discussing the purpose of the public hearing is to make location and design of roadways. In project information available to citizens colonial Virginia, residents petitioned and to give them an opportunity to the state assembly to allocate money for express their views. the construction of transportation faci­ In order to implement citizen input lities. Public involvement has been a key while project plans are still flexible, factor in the development of our present public hearings are held in the "corri­ highway system. Since Virginia has a his­ dor" stage before the roadway corridor tory of interaction between citizens and is finalized, and in the "design" stage the state agencies that serve them, it is prior to the development of specific not surprising that community participa­ construction plans. Local opm1ons tion is now a topic of much discussion. expressed at these hearings are supple­ The formal study of methods for mented with information obtained from soliciting public input is a recent devel­ elected officials, planning commissions, opment. Some of the techniques for and other state agencies. Throughout the obtaining citizen response have been development of the public hearing pro­ borrowed from the social sciences, cess, an effort has been made to increase mainly psychology and sociology. They the effectiveness of communication with include the use of questionnaires, atti­ members of the community. Increasing tudinal surveys, and census information community awareness and the diversity to determine community reaction to of public opinion have resulted in the proposed highway projects. The major development of additional methods of part of public participation, however, is obtaining citizen participation. dependent upon personal communica­ Generally speaking, current ap­ tion between local citizens, their elected proaches to public involvement in high­ officials, and Departmental representa­ way planning emphasize informal, per­ tives. For this reason, many of the ideas sonal communication between citizens developed through the public hearing and Departmental representatives. process are now being utilized in current Rather than utilize a single, formal pub­ community involvement programs. lic hearing to dispense information and The opportunity for public input on solicit citizen input, sometimes several highway projects was first required by informal meetings or workshops are held law in 1956 with the inception of the over a period of time. Such an approach federal interstate highway system. State keeps the community informed of the highway departments were obligated to status of work on a project, helps clarify post willingness to hold a public hearing controversial issues, and reduces rumor in connection with any interstate roadway and speculation. The informal atmo­ passing through or around a community sphere of public workshops encourages large enough to have a post office. open discussion among participants and Eventually, a notice of willingness to a continuing effort to arrive at a hold a public hearing was advertised for mutually acceptable proposal.

6 A smaller gathering of influential citi­ through these lines of communication zens, spokesmen for local interest serve as an indication of public interest groups, and Departmental representatives and reveal possible areas of confusion or may be brought together as a study misinformation. group to investigate various aspects of "Libraries" of project-related mate­ a project. These study groups utilize rial may be collected for use by the persons whose knowledge of the com­ public. This information generally con­ munity enables them to voice the con­ sists of the project history, roadway cerns of the local residents. The partici­ p 1ans, Departmental correspondence, pants also serve as a valuable line of meeting schedules, and technical re­ communication between the Department ference books. Citizens may use this and the public. Because of their small material to support their recommenda­ size, study groups can review project tions or to learn details of a roadway's material and proposals more effectively development. Project information may than persons attending larger community be assembled in highway offices, local meetings. Based on input received from schools, churches, or other public insti­ study groups and public workshops, tutions, or it may be made available modifications can be made in the plan­ right on the project site. The result of ning process to produce better citizen such "libraries" is a more well-informed participation. public. The necessity for communication The difficulty in getting a representa­ between interested citizens, local offi­ tive sample of the local population to cials, and public agencies has encouraged give their views on a proposed project is the use of additional methods of keep­ one of the biggest problems in citizen ing the public informed. Project-related participation. In general, those people information is distributed periodically with the most interest in a project are through virtually every branch of the also the most vocal and the most visible. news media. Press releases that are The remainder of the local population broadcast over radio and television does not become as actively involved, stations and through local newspapers either because of conflicts with their are examples of this use of publicity. personal schedules or a simple lack of The consultant firm of Howard, Needles, interest. To insure that public input Tammen, and Bergendoff compiled a reflects a cross section of the com­ semimonthly newsletter that was sent munity's views, responses are often ob­ to more than 10,000 people during its tained from a random sample of citi­ citizen involvement program concerning zens. This contact procedure takes place 1-66 in Arlington and Northern Virginia. in the form of attitudinal surveys. While project coverage through the Surveys depend upon a one-to-one news media dispenses general informa­ communication channel between the tion, an opportunity must be provided interviewer and the respondent. Informa­ to answer specific questions from mem­ tion may be solicited in personal inter­ bers of the community. Responses to views, through phone conversations, or such requests for project material are by mailed-out questionnaires. The sur­ handled individually-through the mail, veys not only produce an accurate pic­ by phone, or in person. To facilitate this ture of the community and its attitudes process, a post office box and "hot and values, but also distribute project line" telephone numbers have been set information and stimulate public inter­ up on some projects to receive citizen est. Results of these studies may serve as input and provide information. The a reference base for determining future number and types of requests obtained Continued on Page 32 7 HIGHWAYS AND HYDRAULICS

"Adequate drainage is as essential for Calvin Boles, who oversees statewide a safe roadway as windshield wipers are hydraulic analyses of construction that for a car," says Dave LeGrande, engineer might affect flood plains. Al Howard, in the hydraulics section of the location Berry Wright, Jim Wigfield, and Charles and design division. "Of course, the Bassett work under Mr. Cousins; Roy average driver doesn't think about where Mills, Henry Sayers, Charles Mclver, and the torrents of rain go after they hit his Larry Truesdell under Mr. Love; and windshield, but that's one of our biggest John Crim and Dave LeGrande under concerns. And if we do our job well, the Mr. Boles. "We're pretty close-knit," results of our efforts remain unnoticed." says Mr. LeGrande. "But the real success The small group of specialists that of our work is dependent on coopera­ make up the hydaulics section assume tion with other engineers in the Depart­ ultimate responsibility for proper drain­ ment." age facilities on projects throughout the In simple terms, the work of hydrau­ state. They provide technical assistance lics engineers entails methods of dispos­ for district drainage engineers and review ing of the large volumes of rainwater drainage designs submitted by field per­ that fall on highways and allowing the sonnel and consultants as well as by passage of swollen streams and rivers engineers in other divisions. Their ex­ under the roadway. What makes their pertise is used by bridge engineers in tasks difficult is nature's vagaries; selecting a hydraulic design that will potential flood waters, unlike precipi­ prevent roadway and property flooding tous terrain and weak bridge founda­ upstream after heavy rains. Maintenance tions, cannot be seen. "Fortunately, engineers request assistance in solving however," says Mr. Cochran, "we do problems caused by erosion and drain­ have reasonably accurate methods of age, and construction engineers may ask estimating in advance nature's require­ for recommendations for modifying or ments for channel capacity and bridged relocating proposed drainage structures waterways. But we just can't post a load that cannot be adapted to site condi­ limit to prevent overstress of hydraulic tions. Municipalities seek their advice on structures." drainage facilities from time to time, In the aftermath of hurricanes too. Camille and Agnes, adequate drainage The assistant location and design has become a foremost consideration in engineer in charge of hydraulics is E. C. road design. The loss of life and pro­ Cochran, Jr. His assistants are Carl perty damage incurred when drainage Cousins, who supervises incidental drain­ structures failed and roads were inun­ age designs for the four western dis­ dated turned mythical possibilities into tricts; Lewis Love, who supervises cold realities in the minds of highway designs for the four eastern districts; and engineers and the public as well. Today 8 lJ ,t~\\ Left: From left, Larry Truesdell, Lewis Love, Calvin Boles, and Dave LeGrande discuss a proposed channel change. Right: Berry Wright, Charles Bassett, Carl Cousins, and Jim Cochran study watershed characteristics.

there is increased emphasis on flood pro­ silt to settle within the confines of a pro­ tection and increased awareness of how ject, thereby preventing eroded materials man's activities have altered the runoff from entering streams and endangering characteristics of watershed areas. aquatic species or contaminating water Hydraulics engineering is becoming a supplies downstream. very sophisticated technology. Require­ The demands of good drainage de­ ments for analyzing stream flow in rivers sign, then, are twofold: to incorporate and streams are so complex and so techniques which prevent loss of life and time-consuming that many calculations property damage while minimizing en­ are performed with computer programs. vironmental side effects. Economic con­ The hydraulics section utilizes certain of siderations, however, weigh heavily in these programs to determine levels of decision-making processes of hydraulic floods of various frequencies, its chief engineering, and the final design is often concern being the effect that highway a compromise between high costs of construction may have on the 100-year construction and maintenance and the flood plain. (A 100-year flood is a flood risks of damage to property or wildlife whose magnitude may reasonably be ex­ habitat. As Mr. LeGrande puts it, "We pected to occur on an average of 10 have an inside joke: There's no such times in 1,000 years.) Established thing as the right-sized drainage struc­ 100-year flood levels eventually will ture. If the adjoining property is flooded serve to determine eligibility for federal or damaged, the structure is too small; if flood protection insurance and to con­ no flooding occurs, then the structure is trol construction that may adversely obviously, in the taxpayers' eyes, too affect the flood plain. big." Along with requirements for flood Whatever the problems that confront protection have come tighter controls them, the hydraulics engineers bear in for environmental protection. Hydraulics mind the meaning of a Latin creed that engineers have devised various ways of hangs on a wall in Mr. Cochran's office: abating erosion and siltation resulting "Aqua currit et debet currere, ut cerrere from construction along streams. They solebat." "Water runs as it is wont to have designed check dams, silt barriers run and ought to run." J.B. and traps, and settling basins that allow

9 When It's Apple Butter Time in Newbern by B. Wells Caldwell Information Officer

Do you know for sure what an now and then I feel compelled to revisit "apple butter apple" is? my little corner up the road from Is it a Stayman, a Winesap, a York, a Roanoke to slow myself down-to Red Delicious, an Albemarle Pippin, a change the pace a little, and to become Jonathan, or what? It does make a dif­ restored. ference, and I want to know for a The hills do it. Or maybe it's the special reason. people, whose friendliness is sometimes On a crystal-clear, crisp October day, overwhelming, or that gorgeous scenery, when the sky was bluer than azure and or just plain nostalgia. I really don't the pollution-free air was pure and clear know what it is, but it happens. as milkweed down, I "helped" make This October day was stunning. The apple butter. Master Artist had worked overtime on I can relate to the good-looking the maples, hemlocks, beechnuts, oaks, blonde at the cocktail party in Norfolk, and sycamores. Broad strokes of yellow who had moved there some years earlier blended with bright red, orange, and from Southwest Virginia. even deep purple. The green that re­ "I have to go back out there occa­ mained served as an accent. sionally to see the mountains so I can It was a Saturday. I was going to discover just who I am again," she re­ visit the Second Annual Fall Festival at marked, staring at the olive in her Newbern. Okay, so you've never even martini glass. heard of Newbern. No matter. Those I don't have that identity problem, people have no complex about things of but I know what the lady meant. Every that sort and don't really care, even if Newbern is the home of the Ruritan If you've never smelled the aroma of National Headquarters. this rich, brown, autumnal goodness Anyhow, I drove up Interstate 81 being cooked in an enormous copper from Radford to the tiny village, which kettle, and blended with the musky is located almost in the geographical fragrance of dried leaves and the smoke dead center of Pulaski County and built from an open fire-well, then you'd just along the top of a ridge overlooking better recheck your priorities. rolling hills on each side. The Blue A small group of people seemed to be Ridge Mountains loom in the distance. in charge of cooking the apple butter. I There is one main street-the Old approached them and after the prelimi­ Wilderness Trail, once trod by Davy nary cordialities, I asked if they were Crockett and Sam Houston-and it the "core" of the work force. seemed that every one of the 200-plus I was immediately sorry. They smiled residents of the village were out along­ with tolerance at the smart-aleck city side the street to say, "Howdy. Stop a slicker who thought he was funny, and spell." said that they were. The old, old (predating the Civil War) Essie King allowed as how she had homes were open to everyone. I felt I been one of the nine women who peeled had indeed returned to another era, a and cored the 10 bushels of apples only very old, yet completely new, lifestyle­ the day before. Jeraline Bailey and calm, secure, peaceful, and as enduring Lorena Mann were helping to stir when as the surrounding hills. I was there, and pretty soon J. Ed On the yards that fronted the streets Morris joined the group. were tables laden with homemade I was fascinated. articles of every description. Freshly Mrs. King said that she was 70 years baked bread would have turned the head old and the kettle had been in her of a chef from the School of Cordon family ever since she had been born. So Bleu, and the pies, cakes, and home­ had the long, long wooden stirrer, which made tarts precluded any devotion I this year had needed a new "head" on attempted to maintain for my diet. its business end. The wood had been Newbern is not too much like finished to a smooth glossiness. I think Williamsburg; it's not too much unlike it was maple. it, either. Some few buildings have been Pretty soon I was unable to resist the restored, but it doesn't have the every­ temptation any longer and I asked Mr. thing-right-in-place look that sometimes Ed if I might stir. He told me I could, reminds one of a theatre set. It's just but warned against letting it burn. exactly what it is, and so are the "Once around the edge and twice people: unaffected, friendly, gracious, through the middle, that's the way to and ever so easy to be with. A certain stir the apple butter 'kittle,"' he recited frontier pride still burns strongly, and with a grin. I'm certain the people of Newbern feel This tall, kindly man of the hills is a that a joint from a hickory tree carries a 68-year-old retired farmer who has spent much stronger wallop than a joint from his life in that beautiful setting. His a marijuana bush, and the result is much wisdom is varied and impressive, al­ more effective and long-lasting. though he readily admits, "I didn't go From down the road a piece, at the to school much." Community Center, came what Macbeth The ladies told me they had put the would have called "all the perfumes of apple butter on to cook at 6 a.m. It was Arabia." Glory be, they were making then about 2:30 p.m. They were pre­ apple butter. dicting it would come off about 6 p.m.

11 They talked about the high cost of The apples in the steaming kettle the 90 pounds of sugar in bags leaning smelling (and tasting) better every against the side of the community minute were Johnson Winter and Ben center and said they would flavor the Davis. apple butter with oil of cinnamon. Some All of my new-found friends told "me people also use oil of cloves, they said. that the very best apple butter is made Why is applesauce light-colored and from "apple butter apples," but not a apple butter dark brown? The longer you one of them knew what kind of apples cook the apples, the darker they get. they were. Applesauce is cooked quickly. "We had a special place in our Charlie Dalton, a cheerful, bright­ orchard for these apple butter trees," faced man, came up, and I asked him one said, "and the apples were big and what kind of wood was used for the red, but I don't know what you call fire. them." "Well," he said, "this year we used Never mind. That half-gallon of rich, locust and cedar. I had it around and brown succulence in my refrigerator, just wanted to get shed of it." Solid ready for a hot biscuit on a cold winter logic. morning, doesn't need any special label.

A Gateway Park for Norfolk

What might have been just another vide year-round beauty, will consist of modern highway is expected to be a more than 10,000 rose bushes, 4,000 major focal point for the City of Nor­ wax myrtle plants, 5,000 creeping folk because of efforts by the Wil­ junipers, 5,000 Japanese black pine trees, loughby Beach Garden Club and the and more than 3,000 evergreen cedar Department to create a "Gateway Park" creepers. along Interstate 64 on Willoughby Spit There will be many weeping willows, at the city's northern entrance from the along with maple, holly, dogwood, Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel. cedar, and redbud trees. Most of the Members of the garden club offered trees will be 6 to 12 feet in height when to help provide landscaping that would planted and will be from 15 to 50 feet enhance the environmental aspects of in height at maturity. The Christmas the road, screen right-of-way fencing, trees will be about 12 feet high when and replace their community Christmas planted and should grow to a height of tree that existed on the old roadway. about 100 feet. Plans for two blue spruce Christmas The project is not the first that has trees have been included in the project, been given such attention. Special land­ and the garden club will be allowed to scaping has been provided for the inter­ decorate them in future years after com­ changes along the Interstate 95 Shirley pletion of the current construction Highway in Northern Virginia and along work. Interstate 195 in Richmond. Also, The Willoughby Spit gateway project similar work is under way on Interstate will have an abundance of shrubs and 64 at Afton Mountain. trees, with stone and bark and only a Bids from landscaping contractors are small amount of grass being used for the expected to be received for the Norfolk ground cover. The plants, chosen to pro- project on November 13. Eddie Reid 12 THE VERSATILE MR. WALKER

From shoeshine boy to Army train­ found that men are more vain than ing instructor, barber, minister, and women. Anyway, before I went in the finally, federal compliance officer in the Army, I got on-the-job training as a Fredericksburg District, Morris Jackson barber that's one reason I believe Walker, Jr., has come a long way and on-the-job training is the best way to gained a keen perception of the prob­ learn a skill and should be expanded in lems confronted by men and women of our educational programs. 1 supported his race. An active, energetic man, he my family as a barber until a friend combines his talents in a number of encouraged me to apply for external ways. EEO officer for the district. But after all In his spare time, Mr. Walker works those years, I'll always be a barber on as a barber in Fredericksburg. ''I've the side." always enjoyed all the talk and local Mr. Walker has had some of his most color that goes on around a barber shop, satisfying experiences a, minister of the and I've met people from all walks of Piney Branch Baptist Church near life. I learned early that it's one of the Chancellorsville in Spotsylvania County. most informative places in town. You ''God has been good to me," he see, we lived on a small farm outside explains, "and after I preached a trial Warrenton until I was 11, and then we sermon at Shiloh Old Site Baptist moved into town and I started working Church in the spring of 1963, I knew I as a shoeshine boy, after school and all wanted to serve God by entering the day in the summer, for IO cents a shine. ministry. Four years later, after I had That's when I decided I wanted to be a attended Washington Bible School at barber. There's a real art to it and the night !"or three years and taken several style changes arc interesting. Shorter University of Virginia extension courses, styles are definitely coming back. When l was ordained. I became pastor of the flat-top was big in the early fifties, Piney Branch in October of 1967, and most men didn't know it originated in it's been very rewarding. I write my Germany. And you know, I've generally sermons at night or on Saturdays, and I use vacation time if a member of my M. J. Walker, Jr. church needs me in an emergency." His job as federal compliance officer puts him in a position to help even more people. "Blacks," he says, ''are still reluctant to apply for many jobs, just as I wasn't sure how welcome I'd be when I came here in 1969, but once they get here, they are quickly accepted and feel comfortable. While I don't want to sec a quota established-that could be a disadvantage in areas where blacks out­ number the whites- I do think we need to recruit minorities. I don't mean we should hire anyone solely because he or Continued on Page 31

13 BACKSIGHTS

THE KANAWHA TURNPIKE

by Howard Newlon, Jr. Assistant Head, Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council

The September "Backsights" ad­ turnpike's construction. vanced the thesis that four of the nine­ The state's principal engineer, teenth-century turnpikes~the Kanawha, Thomas Moore, who had succeeded Northwestern, Staunton and Parkers­ Laommi Baldwin in the position in burg, and Southwestern--would have 1818, questioned the feasibility of the deserved the appellation "superhighway" effort, as was quoted in the February 9, had the term been in vogue during the 1819, edition of the Richmond paper period of their construction. This term Commercial Compiler as follows: "When would have been deserved primarily be­ we consider that the transportation of a cause of their length (each was approxi­ ton of produce or merchandize on the mately 200 miles long) and because of best road of that grade, will cost about their ambitious purpose, which was to one third more per 100 miles, than on connect the eastern markets and centers the whole of the remainder of the route, of commerce with the rapidly expanding 358 miles, or nearly five to one, it be­ frontier, as shown on the map accom­ comes a consideration, whether the panying the September "Backsights." route under these circumstances, will be The Kanawha Turnpike began at sure to command so much of the Covington and was constructed to the western trade as to render it prudent." mouth of Big Sandy River (near Guyan­ Moore was an advocate of either in­ dotte ), a length of 208 miles. Construc­ clined planes or "well constructed cast­ tion of the initial segment between iron railways," citing successful English Covington and Gauley Bridge began in examples. The legislature was not im­ 1820, although the general route had pressed with such innovations and been established earlier by commis­ directed him to survey the route, which sioners acting under an act passed by he did, and after which, in 1820, the the legislature in January, 1808. The legislature directed the James River commissioners reported that the "Road Company to build the turnpike "from Through the Loop" was preferable to the mouth of Dunlap's creek to the the Peters Creek road. John Marshall's great falls of the Great Kanawha river." favorable report after being sent west by This act, plus the $100,000 and the pro­ the General Assembly to examine and mise of more money, if needed, made it report upon the possibility of com­ possible to get the effort under way at pleting the connection of the James and last. The original intent was to end the Kanawha Rivers, and the discussion that road at Gauley Bridge, where traffic followed, finally led the General could be transshipped to the Kanawha Assembly to produce legislation for the River. When the turnpike reached

14 or below Charleston. Crozet wrote, "This is a very striking example of the disadvantageous consequence of partial and successive improvements executed without previous inquiry into their future ramifications, by which the begin­ ning may ultimately harmonize with the end." In 1826 Crozet had closely examined 94 miles of the Kanawha Turnpike from Covington to Gauley Bridge. For a road through such rugged country, he was well pleased with the work. He wrote, Humpback Bridge "Its execution and convenience, are praised by all those who duly appreciate Gauley Bridge in 1825, the legislature the difficulties it had to contend with: decided to extend it to Charleston. it is universally thought to be equal, if Charleston was reached in 1827. In res­ not superior to any road of the kind ponse to local requests, the General that has been made in this country over Assembly in January, 1829, authorized ground as difficult as that it traverses." the company to borrow $50,000 on the For those familiar with Crozet's descrip­ credit of the state to extend the Kana­ tion of other projects, these words are wha Turnpike to the mouth of the Big indeed extravagant praise. Sandy River. Crozet was directed to He was also impressed with the make the survey, and the letting of con­ quality of the bridges, especially with tracts and superintendence of construc­ the one over the Greenbrier River, tion was assigned to Peter Scales. which he said was "one of the most The exact date of arrival of the turn­ splendid wooden bridges ever built." It pike at Big Sandy is not clear, but the consisted of two spans of 211 feet each, road was essentially completed when the with stone abutments and a stone pier. legislature in March, 1832, reorganized He praised its builder, saying, "It does the entire canal and turnpike enterprise the highest credit to the builder, Mr. as the James River and Kanawha Com­ James Moore, who, it is to be hoped, pany. will meet with such patronage as will The final segment of the Kanawha keep him in the State. I know of only Turnpike was a matter of considerable three instances where the span of this controversy. When Crozet was directed bridge has been exceeded; it is even 16 to survey the route, he discovered that a feet greater than that of the Schuylkill serious mistake in the original location bridge." The Gauley River bridge, also had resulted in the construction of the built by Moore, had three arches of 160 Gauley Bridge over the wrong river. The feet each and caused Crozet to remark, crossing of the Gauley put the turnpike "This handsome monument of human on the north side of the Kanawha, while skill and enterprise, at the confluence of bridging the New River instead would two streams, and in the midst of a re­ have located it along the south side. If markably wild scenery, looks exceed­ the road had terminated at Charleston, ingly beautiful." Crozet was pleased that as originally planned, this would have these two bridges had been built for been fine, but extension to the mouth $18,000 each, since Baldwin had e_sti­ of the Big Sandy meant that the Kana­ mated the cost of each structure to be wha would have to be crossed again at Continued on Page 30

15 OUR MEN

A few days on Tangier Island could afford a pleasant escape from the workaday world for the tired vacationist, but for three Department surveyors who had a job to do there in September they proved anything but idyllic. The surveyors-N. V. Meade, supervisor; S. C. MacDonald, chainman; and R. 0. Harmon, levelman-were asked to survey the boundaries of the island's airport. "It was a hurry-up job," says Mr. Meade, "and we wondered if the weather would hold since we were expecting a hurricane." The survey was prompted by the Town of Tangier's desire to turn over its air­ port to the Virginia Airports Authority, which would not accept it without a meets and bounds survey. Though the town had deeds to the various tracts of land it had bought up in the flyway, a survey of the whole airport was required. The surveyors could have traveled to the island by boat (there is daily, round-trip service from Crisfield, Maryland, and, from May till October, from Reedville, Vir­ ginia), but since this would have taken too much time they were flown over by De­ partment pilots W. L. Owen, .Jr., and W. M. Jeffries, accompanied by W. L. Jessee, ground control coordinator. The trip was made on Tuesday morning, the day after Labor Day. From the beginning there were problems. Since the tiny island's roads are wide enough to carry only small vehicles (the only cars are four or five Volkswagens and a small pickup truck that is used for collecting trash), the surveyors had to carry around all their equipment. The electronic distance-measuring device is heavy, and it created another problem since it is run by a battery and there was no place to charge it. "Fortunately," says Mr. Meade, "we were able to complete the job before the device needed charging." The men worked until dark each day for three days, determining the boundaries and setting up control points which they marked with flags that would show up in an aerial photo. All the time, they worried about the threatening weather. They couldn't get any weather reports since no radio, TV, or newspapers were available. By Friday it had started to rain hard, and there was a possibility that they would have to remain on ON TANGIER

the island. However, pilots Owen and Jeffries made the flight, though they had to fly by instruments. When they landed, the surveyors were just finishing up their work. The equipment was loaded, and about 30 minutes later the plane arrived safely at Byrd Airport. The next phase of the project took place on the following Wednesday when pilots Curtis Pfeiffer and Bill Jeffries and photographer Wayne Butler flew to Tangier to take aerial photos of the island when the water was at low tide. From these photos a map showing the low-water line was later plotted by photogrammetric methods. Similar maps showing the low-water line in 1968 and again in 1970 were consulted, and comparisons showed that since 1968 the shoreline constituting the western edge of the airport had moved as much as 150 feet in some places. From this information and from boundary descriptions of the property when it was originally purchased, the loca­ tion section of the location and design division was able to complete the meets and bounds survey requested of it. Vernon W. Brill, state survey parties supervisor, says the Tangier job was in no way unusual. He says the location and design division is frequently called on to make various types of surveys in a short period of time. The location section, he says, always manages to secure the data and with the best methods available at the time-sometimes by ground methods, sometimes by aerial methods, and sometimes, as in the case at Tangier, by a combination of both. Mr. Meade says that for him the experience was "different"-not, however, because of the job, in spite of the problems encountered, but because of the unusual setting. The island has an area of only eight tenths of a square mile, but a population of 985. There are no trees-only low brush-and there are no farm animals, though there are plenty of dogs. The people, representing three main families, speak in a way that is strongly reminiscent of the Elizabethan period. Altogether, the island seems to have remained apart from the stream of history. As Mr. Meade puts it, "On Tangier you really feel out of the world, and though our trip was far from being a vacation I really enjoyed it." F.M. All in the FAMILY

District Headquarters We welcome W. W. Conley, D. W. W. W. Jordan (left), who retired on August 31 Fitzgerald, H. L. Hagy, and C. W. as an electrician in the Bristol District shop, Helton, equipment operators in the land­ receives a retirement certificate from Jesse scape section. Hardy, shop foreman. Mr. Jordan, who retired because of disability, had been with the Depart­ R. Y. Morrison has resigned. ment since 1967. Jane Aven, a former Miss Highway, has resigned to accept employment at C. G. Wright, levelman on Survey the Virginia Highlands Community Party 2, is the father of twins, Adam College. Wade and Allison Paige, born on Allen R. Hart, equipment operator in September 23. the traffic and safety section, has re­ Reba Stevens, clerk-typist, was mar­ signed to return to school. ried to Freddie Sams, of Abingdon, on Clyde Baker, levelman on Survey September 6; L. A. King, engineering Party 2, has retired because of disability. technician, to Karen Aunchman, of Mr. Baker was with the Department for Florissant, Missouri, on August 24; and 18 years. D. S. Latham, Jr., engineering techni­ W. B. Allison and D.R. Warner, rod­ cian, to Teresa Ann Harless, of Abing­ men, have transferred to Survey Party 7 don, on August 1 7. at Tazewell. W. R. Sneed, supervisor of Survey Party 25 at Marion, and his son Rusty won the father and son tournament at the Holston Hills Golf Course in Marion. Mr. Sneed also won in the senior divi­ sion of the tournament. The following employees have been elected EBA officers: N. E. Hood, presi­ dent; Laura Salyer, vice-president; Polly Gilmer, secretary; Jane Hobbs, treasurer; and Don Hunigan, trustee. About J 50 persons attended the annual EBA picnic held at Steele's Creek Park. The main event was a golf tourna­ ment, won by H. T. Odum, equipment operator in the traffic and safety sec­ tion. Michael David Winters, mechanic Ronnie Morrison has resigned as a mechanic helper, received high honors in a course helper in the Bristol District shop after eight years of service. His co-workers honored him at he took at Virginia Highlands Com­ a luncheon and presented him with gifts. munity College in machine tool opera- 18 Charlie Kuser (second from left), maintenance superintendent, and his men at the Gainesville area headquarters in the Manassas Residency, accept the third-quarter Good Housekeeping Award from Frank N. Hall, assistant resident engineer. The headquarters will keep the award, since it won it for the last three quarters. tion. Laura Salyer Larry A. Finney, and Morris T. Hoff­ man, skilled laborers. Abingdon Residency Henry A. Kell, foreman in the Louisa Residency Chilhowie area of the Abingdon Resi­ W. T. Carter, III, equipment opera­ dency, has retired after more than 37 tor, was married to Nelle Tinder on years with the Department. August 15 at the First Methodist Church in Charlottesville. F. E. Campodonico, resident engi­ neer, is recuperating after surgery. We welcome R. J. Mitchell, equip­ ment operator, at the Louisa area head­ Culpeper Residency quarters. We welcome Ronald W. Holmes, We welcome Garnett B. Shelton and

Richard J. Burke (right). equipment operator in Helping the handicapped. Andrew Champ, Sr., the Manassas Residency, receives a retirement equipment operator in the Warrenton Resi­ certificate from Richard D. Harrison, assistant dency, marks a ramp for the handicapped at the resident engineer. Mr. Burke was with the new rest area on 1-66 near Gainesville. Department 18 years.

19 Fred N. Moyers (right), who retired on August 31 as an equipment operator in the Fredericks­ G. R. Ellyson, superintendent at the Charles burg District after 19 years of service, receives a City headquarters in the Sandston Residency, is retirement certificate from C. R. Sawtelle., dis­ presented with a 35-year service award by J. G. trict equipment superintendent. Browder, Jr., resident engineer.

James R. Hobbs, laborers on the bridge R. H. Easley and J. A. Hitchens were crew, and Angie Mallory, custodial promoted to construction inspector worker. trainees. Larry Tackett, equipment operator, A. R. Pritchett and L. L. Hockaday and Paul Minor, maintenance helper, have retired as equipment operators in have new daughters. Bonnie Sue Tackett the Massaponax headquarters, Mr. was born on September 18, and Rhonda Pritchett after 29Yz years with the De­ Collette Minor was born on September partment and Mr. Hockaday after four 3. years. S. P. Leathern, clerk-stenographer, Manassas Residency went on a six-day cruise to Bermuda. Deborah Cimra, laborer, has trans­ R. M. Clore, inspector, was married ferred to the Fairfax Residency. to Lisa Campbell on September 14 at John G. Kerns and Dan Steele have the McKendree United Methodist been promoted to equipment operators Church in Manquin. B, and Roy Davis has been promoted to Gary Pennington and Steve Tyrrell, carpenter. engineer trainees, have transferred, Gary to the location and design division in Warrenton Residency the Central Office and Steve to the Howard Edwards, transitman, has a Fredericksburg District bridge office. new daughter, born on August 27. Slydelle S. Morgan

Saluda Residency We welcome Roy R. Haley and E. N. Tucker, equipment operators. R. W. Allison, inspector, and C. L. Fredericksburg Residency Rarnmell, equipment operator, have new Andy Myruski, resident engineer, re­ daughters. Brandy Lynn Allison was cently held a fish fry at his Fairview born on August 8, and Char Lanette Beach cottage for residency employees. Rarnrnell was born on August 24. A. M. McWhirt, inspector, is recuper­ E. C. Wyatt, maintenance superin­ ating at home from a minor heart tendent, has returned to work after an attack. illness of several months.

20 Three employees in the South Hill Residency retired on August 31. Left: J. roster Crowder (left), superintendent, receives a retirement certificate from District Engineer L. R. Treat, Jr. Mr. Crowder was with the Department for 4 2 years.Right: R. L. Kinchen (left) and R. J. Smith (right), equipment operators, receive the best wishes of C. W. Walker, superintendent at the Sturgeonville area head­ quarters. Mr. Kinchen had 28 years of service, and Mr. Smith had seven years.

D. L. Davis and A. B. Phillips, equip­ King (14 years), R. H. Canody (4), and ment operators, and P. E. Corbett, main­ W. H. Litchford (!). Presented awards tenance helper, have resigned. for being without accident to self or R. W. Allison, inspector, has trans­ equipment were 0. W. Rosser (35 ferred to the Central Office as a con­ years), H. T. King (34), A. T. Tuck and tract technician. Sandra A. Gee F. R. Stern (28), R. H. Canody (26), E. G. Baber (25), W. H. Litchford (17), and F. E. Tyler (16).

Chatham Residency D. N. Dodd has been promoted to District Headquarters maintenance superintendent at the Bros­ We welcome William M. Neas, equip­ ville area headquarters. He replaced J. H. ment operator; Betty Wilkins, technician Walton, who retired on September 30 in the drafting room; C. J. O'Brien, Jr., after 46 years with the Department. rodman on Survey Party 15; R. R. Charlie Moore, equipment operator Creasy, watchman; and J. B. Hagstrom, at the Brosville area headquarters, has technician trainee on Survey Party 69. retired after 19 years of service. J. H. White, Jr., and E. S. West, Jr., H. C. Shelton rodmen; M. W. Trent, technician; and W. G. Johnson, right-of-way appraiser, have resigned. George Farrish, materials technician, has been promoted to construction con­ trol technician in the Central Office. Ashland Residency William Neas, equipment operator, Wilson West, equipment operator, has has a new daughter, born on August 29, been in the hospital recovering from and Roger Wilkes, technician in the injuries sustained in an auto accident. drafting room, has a new daughter, born Stanley Tate, maintenance helper, on September 3. retired recently after 19 years with the The following employees have Department. received awards for being without acci­ K. R. Osby, inspector, has resigned, dent to self, men, or equipment: H. T. and J. G. Fincher, inspector trainee, has 21 E. L. Covington, Jr., resident engineer in the Chesterfield Residency, presents plaques, each for seven years of service, to C. W. Moseley (left photo), equipment operator, and R. T. Guthrie, mechanic. Both men recently retired. resigned to return to J. Sargeant Rey­ trainee; D. R. Hogue, mechanic; W. R. nolds Community College. Mills, weigh party aide; and R. C. Cash, Becky Mallory, clerk-stenographer, equipment operator. has a new granddaughter. James 0. Mawyer and Charles W. Mary W. Johnson Burton, engineer trainees, have trans­ ferred, Mr. Mawyer to the Central Office Chesterfield Residency and Mr. Burton to the district office. We welcome Peggy Jones, clerk­ M. J. Kasuba has been promoted to typist; W. A. Brown, inspector trainee; inspector A, J. E. Leleux, Sr., to high­ and D. R. Farley and E. W. Clarke, way foreman, and M. E. Wampler to mechanics. Evon Bales project engineer. T. W. Clark, J. H. Hogue, and W. W. Wade have been pro­ Sandston Residency moted to equipment operators. We welcome R. N. Bowman, engineer D. F. Rose, maintenance helper, has retired, and Pamela Stubbs, clerk-steno­ grapher, has resigned. Doris Gerber

District Headquarters We welcome L. E. Dabney and J. W. Carter, hourly employees. The annual safety meeting and picnic was held recently at Bedford County Lake. E. G. Feagans and W. S. Parker defeated J. F. Coles and W.R. Minter in the horseshoe pitching contest. R. L. Cruise, maintenance superin­ tendent, and his wife Lucy have a new Kelly Rae Bailey is the newly crowned "Little son. Miss Chase City." Kelly is the daughter of R. D. Bailey, superintendent in the South Hill Resi­ T. T. Meador, foreman at Camp 24, dency. has a new granddaughter, Connie Sue. 22 Johnny Goff, son of W. A. Goff, equipment operator in the Bedford Residency, is the Shirley Alderman, clerk-stenographer in the pitcher for the Dixie League State Champions, Hillsville Residency, displays some of the who played in the Dixie League World Series in objects she made for the annual Labor Day Alabama. He was the winning pitcher against V.F.W. Gun Show and Flea Market Sale. North Carolina.

R. S. Arthur has retired after 14 following employees received safety years with the Department, and G. J. awards for being without accident to Cherest has resigned to enter the Army. self, men, or equipment: R. P. Kirk (15 Both were equipment operators. years); P. E. Bower, J. J. Perdue, and T. W. F. Byrd L. Roberson (3); C. Adkins, Jr., L. E. Akers, and A. H. Sledd (2); and J. R. Hillsville Residency Ferguson, 0. S. Hurt, and L. T. Perdue We welcome Guy Edwards, inspector, (I). who transferred from the Christiansburg The following employees received Residency, and John Thompson, engi­ awards for being without accident to neer trainee, who transferred from the self or equipment for 10 years or more: Salem Residency. J. C. Prillaman and T. L. Roberson (32 years); Ben Hodges and R. H. Jamison Rocky Mount Residency (28); W. J. Brammer and Cora P. Rey­ Buddy J. Guthrie, equipment opera­ nolds (27); R. P. Kirk, A. H. Sledd, and tor, became the father of twin girls, T. V. Wray (26); Ann E. Ross (25); L. Rebecca Dawn and Regina Dean E. Akers (24); G. L. Boyd, E. C. Gib­ Guthrie, on August 26. son, Sherman Hall, W. E. Underwood, F. A. Hedrick has been promoted to and I. M. Yopp (23); H. H. Anderson, equipment operator A. W. R. Bernard, T. A. Dillon, and J. R. J. L. Roberson and R. G. Adkins, Ferguson (22); Clyde Adkins, Jr., and L. Jr., have returned to college after work­ T. Perdue (21); C. P. Angle (18); W. D. ing with us for the summer. Brown (17); P. E. Bower and R. E. We welcome Aaron Blair, Jr., Gary Coleman (16); F. E. Dudley, G. W. Hol­ W. Finney, and Raymond Holland, Jr., land, 0. S. Hurt, and E. B. Peters (13); maintenance workers. W. B. Robertson (12); T. W. Jefferson Cathy Hodges, clerical worker, re­ (11); and J.E. Austin, L. F. Green, J.P. cently vacationed in Canada. Holland, M. W. Holland, and Herbert Ann E. Ross, clerk-stenographer, is Pagans (I 0). back after a summer leave of absence. At the annual safety meeting held at Salem Residency the residency shop on August 30, the We welcome Linda Bergman and 23 J. W. Hicks (left), who retired as maintenance superintendent at the Bowers Hill area head­ quarters in the Norfolk Residency, was recently honored by fellow workers and friends at a retirement luncheon. R. E. Rawls, Jr., resident Miss Highways and Transportation 1994? Lisa engineer, looks on as J. T. Warren, district engi­ Covey, daughter of Department photographer neer, presents Mr. Hicks with an engraved Allen Covey, and Pam Brooks, Miss Highways plaque acknowledging his 21 years with the and Transportation 1974, watched from the Department. sidelines while Lisa's daddy played in the EBA singles tennis tournament.

Nancy Lafferty. Carol McGuire, engineering clerk, is 7. They will live in Chuckatuck. recuperating at home after surgery. Carroll Shepherd has returned to his Tom Lawson, timekeeper, has trans­ civil engineering studies at ODU. ferred to the Warsaw Residency. Suffolk Residency E. T. Morris, Jr., foreman, has been in the hospital. The Suffolk Residency maintenance organization held its annual safety meet­ District Headquarters ing and picnic at Sleepy Hole Park. Susan Moody, technician, was Speakers were L. G. Johnson, assistant married to Randy Warren on September safety engineer in the Central Office, and Trooper E. H. Davis, Jr., of the Vir­ ginia State Police. J. Boone

Bridge Division We welcome George Goodwin, engi­ neer trainee, who graduated from VMI, and Edwin Martin and Gary Shelor, technician trainees, who attended Dan­ ville Community College. John Andrews, engineer supervisor, and Raymond Murphey and Ken Smith, design draftsmen, attended a seminar on the FHWA's field testing and evaluation L. J. Bland, retired 1ight-of-way agent in the program for steel bridge inspection Suffolk District, caught this five-pound floun­ der at the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in late devices. The seminar was held in San September. Antonio, Texas, September 16-20. 24 "What I want is total amnesty." "I like the classic look." Jay (left) and William Colavita are the sons of W. M. Colavita, construction control technician in the Central Office construction division.

David Elswick has been promoted to scape section; Mary Anna Toms, clerk­ bridge draftsman A. stenographer, to our water quality sec­ S. S. Achreja, engineer, and his tion; and V. J. Valenti, technician, to family recently visited relatives in India. our air and noise section. Dale Harris E. T. Robb, assistant environmental quality engineer, attended the National Construction Division Highway and Transportation Manage­ We welcome Sissy Beck, COE ment Conference in Stowe, Vermont, student; Hazel Phillips, clerk-typist; R. September 9-13. Karen Clough W. Allison, construction technician; and George Farrish, construction control Equipment Division technician. Janice Adams We welcome Michael Carlson and James C. Hatchell, mechanic helpers, Environmental Quality Division and Brian Durham, electrician helper. We welcome Robbin Elizabeth Peach, C. C. Sawtelle, who retired in I 968 environmental specialist, to our land- as state highway equipment supervisor,

Fred Williamson, move over. He's Dante "Do I get the job?" She's Debra Ann Coward, Tarantino Derricott, son of Arlene Derricott, daughter of Judy Coward, clerk-stenographer in clerk-typist in the Central Office materials divi­ the Central Office construction division. sion. 25 Oliver M. Green (left), who retired on Septem­ Cooper W. Guerrant (right), who retired on ber 30 as a road design engineer in the Central August 31 as asphalt paving engineer in the Office location and design division, receives a Central Office maintenance division, accepts a retirement certificate from Director of Engi­ plaque recognizing his 44 years of service with neering Paul B. Coldiron. Mr. Green, who was the Department. Presenting the plaque at a with the Department for 46 years, has been a dinner held in his honor at Nielsen's Restaurant member of the credit committee of the State on September 6 is State Maintenance Engineer Employees Credit Union since 1958. He served C. 0. Leigh. Mr. Guerrant, who served as as president of EBA in 1949. asphalt paving engineer since 1957, has been active in the EBA and was president of the asso­ ciation in 1972. has been in the hospital. Joy E. Throckmorton was married to daughter, Jennifer Rebecca, born on Ricky Young, of Sandston, on Septem­ September 24. ber 6. Doris M. Parsley Don Farley, clerk, is engaged to Roxie Aid ridge, stenographer in the Location and Design Division Petersburg office of the Virginia Em­ We welcome Robbie Beacham, ployment Commission. Joseph Boone, Ron Mohr, Carol Coal­ Gordon Rawlyk, technician trainee, field, Valerie Lynn Reece, Gary Martin, was married to Susan Welbaun on and Ida Mui, engineering technicians; September 21; Chandra Adkins, techni- John Phillip Hopkins, David Lee, and Chip Woodall, engineer trainees; Stephen A. Frazier, technician trainee; Lillian Young, photo copy operator; Wanda Byrd, clerk-stenographer; and Susan Ellington, who transferred from the right-of-way division. Deborah Roberts, technician, has transferred to the metropolitan transpor­ tation planning division. Shirley Dawson, clerk-stenographer, has transferred from V. S. Lacy's to D. D. Harris's office. Richard Bennett has been promoted to highway engineer supervisor. L. D. Walker, storekeeper helper, has resigned. Mattie Hundley and Tommy Woods Magna cum laude? She's Crystal M. Barney, have returned from sick leave. daughter of Elaine Barney, clerk-stenographer Glenn Williams, engineer, has a new in the Central Office construction division.

26 Top: Winners of the EBA singles tennis tournament were (from left) Les Baker, of the personnel division (first place); !'red Puckett, of the location and design division (second); Carl Sheets, of the traffic and safety division (third); and Jim Skeens. of the urban division (fourth).Boltom. Miss High­ ways and Transportation Pam Brooks presents trophies to Les Baker and hed Puckett.

cian, was married to Robert Clayton, to Raymond Powell on August 1 7. technician supervisor, on October 5; and Beth Manahan, technician, was married Materials Division Sam Kirby, materials engineer, was married to Spring Crafts on August 24, and W. B. Winters, materials technician supervisor, was married to Patricia Mae Richards on August 30. A. L. Tanner and H. D. Gilbert, materials technicians. have returned to work after accidents involving lawn mowers. Claudette Arnold

Public Relations We welcome Yvonne Cooper, who re­ placed Brenda Copeland as clerk-typist in the photo lab. Yvonne graduated this year from John Marshall High School. Cathy Spratley, photographic assis­ tant in the photo lab, married Aubrey Winners of the EBA tennis doubles tournament were Les Baker (left), of the personnel division, Jones. of Richmond, on September 28. and John Wray, director of operations. The model shop's State Fair exhibit 27 was shown at the Chase City South­ Central Fair, October 8-12. Another exhibit, called Virginia's Variety Land, was presented at the Tobacco Festival in Abingdon, October 9-12. Stephanie Nadder

Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike Division We welcome toll collectors Roy W. Ammons, Christine M. Moore, Donald L. Seeds, Katherine R. Blanding, William W. Marshall, Jr., Malvie Jo Koon, George Eloise Jackson, clerk-stenographer in the T. Lockett, Byron W. Kerr, Charlotte A. Ce n tra I Office construction division, was Dean, Gladys E. Winn, Greta L. Daghita, married to Thomas E. Fegans on September 14 Emma Mae Johnson, Robert G. Rawl­ in the Elams Chapel Christian Church in Elams, North Carolina. ings, Sr., Mamie B. Parker, Mary J. Lovin, Hezekiah R. Hubbard, Jr., F. C. Wood, Brenda E. A. Ford, Patricia A. C. Nelson's section; Cynthia Pryor, of B. Loos. Josephine Roney, Floyd C. L. Dunnavant's section; and Elnora Seeman, Margaret L. King, Sandra L. Hamlin, of B. A. Dixon's section. Thomas, and Lovoine P. Poland. W. C. Nelson, Jr., attended the Hinton M. King has been promoted annual meeting of the Institute of to maintenance superintendent A, David Traffic Engineers in Detroit, September R. Cosby to engineering technician C, 15-20; J. P. Mills, Jr., attended the 1974 Abraham Bland to carpenter, Jesse J. Review Conference Federally Coordi­ Fisher to carpenter assistant, and Robert nated Program of Research and Develop­ B. Lassiter, Thomas D. Howerton, ment in Dallas, Texas, September 9-13; Bernard L. Swann. and Thomas A. L. H. Dawson, Jr., attended the National Farrar to equipment operators B. Highway and Transportation Manage­ Louise Lancaster, cashier, has a new ment Conference in Stowe, Vermont, grandson, Kevin Winston Winfree, born September 8-14 ( the conference was on September I 0. Marlene B. Lazor sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Traffic and Safety Officials and the Highway Users Federa­ We welcome L. E. Scott, Jr., W. A. tion for Safety and Mobility); and P. J. Pulliam, and W. P. Napier, technicians in Stenger and 0. M. Griffin, Jr., attended J. E. Field's section; Peter N. Pross, the Traffic Engineering Seminar at technician in C. D. Hall's section; Northwestern University in Evanston, Michael MacKenzie, who transferred Illinois, September 9-27. from the metropolitan transportation Deborah Peay, R. F. Westbury, Jr., planning division to C. E. Powell's sec­ G. D. Perkins, and M. A. Gervasni, tion with a promotion to traffic techni­ traffic technicians, have resigned. Linda cian C; and Joyce Allen, who transferred Churnney has resigned to accept employ­ from the construction division to B. L. ment with the Automatic Signal Com­ Dunnavant's section with a promotion pany. M. S. Kuper has left to attend to clerk-typist C. C. W. Myers, Jr., has school. Dorline Davidson, who was a transferred from C. E. Powell's to B. L. summer employee, is attending the Dunnavant's section with a promotion University of Virginia. to traffic technician supervisor. We wel­ R. L. Quesenberry, engineer trainee, come COE students Linda Rich, of W. has been awarded a Federal Highway 28 About 300 persons attended the Central Office EBA's annual dance, held at the Monticello Club in Henrico County on September 20. Music was by the Now and Then, and there were many comments about the excellence of the band.

Administration Safety Fellowship grant. Diamond on July 20 at St. Luke's Mr. Quesenberry will be on educational Lutheran Church. Linda's father is D. C. leave to attend VPI. Harrier, of the bridge division. Nancy Rucker, W. B. Powers, Jim Rowe and his wife Virginia vaca­ Bernard O'Keeffe, and Lewis Parsley tioned in H,iwaii. Jim's son Charles have returned after being hospitalized. spent the month of August touring John Ayres became a grandfather in Europe. July, and Bernard O'Keeffe has a new S. R. Covey attended the Shrine rs' grandson, John Anthony O'Keeffe. meeting at Myrtle Beach, South Caro­ Linda Harrier was married to Ronald lina. Carolyn Colley and Becky Fetzer

obituaries Mary Pollard Berkeley, a former employee in 1973, is survived by his wife, a daughter, a who worked for the Department for 27 years, brother, and two sisters. A native of South died on August 13. Miss Berkeley, who was Africa, he was 42 years old. born in Huntington, West Virginia, in 1889, Ennis P. Childress, who resigned as a main­ joined the Department in 1917 as a steno­ tenance helper in the Halifax Residency in grapher and served as secretary to Commis­ 1973, died on September 20. Mr. Childress, sioner George P. Coleman from 1919 to 1922 who was 72, joined the Department in 1944. and to the chief engineer from 1923 to 1944. His wife, a daughter, and two sisters survive In that year she resigned to co-found Stork him. Diaper Service, Inc. She was principal owner Lacy Gibson Earhart, who retired in 1966 as and chairman of the board until 1973 and a foreman in the Staunton District, died on remained active in the company until her death. September 13. Mr. Earhart, who joined the Surviving her are two sisters. Department in 1946 as a laborer, was 77 years David S. Brannan, data control supervisor in old. Surviving him are his wife, five sons, a the data processing division, died on October 6 daughter, a brother, four sisters, 21 grand­ of injuries received in an automobile accident. children, and a great-grandson. Mr. Brannan, who was 23, joined the Depart­ James D. Fulcher, equipment operator in ment in 1970 and worked in the location and the traffic and safety section of the Lynchburg design division until 1972, when he transferred District, died on September 18 in an on-the-job to Data Processing. He is survived by his wife, a accident. Mr. Fulcher, who was 46, had been brother, and his mother and father. with the Department four years. He is survived Edison F. Cele, equipment operator in the by his wife, three daughters, a son, three traffic and safety section of the Lynchburg Dis­ brothers, and five sisters. trict, died on September 18 in an on-the-job Captain William A. Hedrick, who worked as accident. Mr. Cele, who joined the Department a right-of-way agent in the Culpeper District 29 since 1952, died on September 28. Captain before joining the Department, was 66. He is Hedrick, who spent 11 years in the Air Force survived by his wife, a sister, and a brother. rondolcnrrs to

C. M. Acors, Fredericksburg Residency, on W. 0. Hodges, Rocky Mount Residency, on the death of his niece. the death of his mother. E. S. Boyer, Wytheville Residency, on the C. T. Irvin, Wytheville Residency, on the death of his father. death of his mother. Joe Brown, Central Office, on the death of D. C. and R. E. Irvin, Wytheville Residency, his brother. on the death of their grandmother. R. D. Burcham, Hillsville Residency, on the R. G. James, Culpeper Residency, on the death of his grandmother. death of his grandmother. A. L. Cates, Richmond District, on the R. J. James, Culpeper Residency, on the death of his grandmother. death of his mother. D. S. Coleman, Wytheville Residency, on C. A. and S. W. King, Fredericksburg Resi­ the death of his father. dency, on the death of their mother. R. E. Coleman, Rocky Mount Residency, on Carter Lackey, Saluda Residency, on the the death of his brother. death of his daughter. E. R. Cox, Wytheville Residency, on the J. P. Martin, Bristol District, on the death of death of his brother. his brother. A. H. Garnett, Sandston Residency, on the J. G. and W. E. Sanford, Manassas Resi­ death of his sister. dency, on the death of their mother. L. B. Goad, Hillsville Residency, on the R. W. Schwartz, Lynchburg District, on the death of his father. death of his mother. L. L. Hockaday, Fredericksburg Residency, Ruth Smith, Louisa Residency, on the death on the death of his sister. of her uncle. J. S. Hodge,Richmond District, on the death H. M. Snead, Jr., Culpeper District, on the of his stepfather. death of his mother.

THE KANAWHA TURNPIKE this valley, and crosses the creek three Continued from Page 15 times on bridges of considerable length. One of these bridges gave way during $20,000. last summer, and had to be re-built; None of the original bridges on the another shewed symptoms of a similar Kanawha appear to have survived, but fall, but was propped up in time. This several of the early replacements are still accident was owing to the too consider­ extant. Notable among these is Hump­ able bearing given to the longitudinal back Bridge. The current structure was, beams stretched across the stream, according to Richard S. Allen, built in which were each composed of two very 1835 by a Mr. Venable from Lewisburg. long beams touching each other at their It is the only survivor of three such ends, without any scarfing, and wholly "humped" structures, a type of design united by a framing above; the whole apparently unduplicated anywhere in being only composed of narrow split America. The structure appears to be at pieces, without any horizontal cross­ least the third at the site. In Crozet's braces, was not capable of resisting any report of the inspection made in 1825, lateral pressure, (a circumstance too he writes: often neglected in bridges); and the "In sight of Covington, the road whole bulged laterally. The new bridge ascends a considerable hill, to avoid has been better framed, and the string some difficulties in the valley of Dun­ pieces made of stronger dimensions, and lap's creek; it soon descends again into overlapped at their junction in the 30 middle of the bridge. Still, the span is, I considerable distances upon many parts think, too great for a flat bridge." of the line. Eleven bridges were lost." In this last sentence may be the germ The period between 1840 and 1850 of the idea that led to the unique con­ was marked by conflicting views as to figuration. the relative merits of extending the People in Ohio were contacted to canal through the Alleghenies, construct­ learn their reaction to the extension of ing a railway, or making greater efforts the Kanawha Turnpike to the Ohio on the turnpike. A temporary victory River. One response from Samuel by the proponents of the canal construc­ Vinton, member of Congress from Ohio, tion forestalled the railroad efforts and was that Virginia was making a mistake gave the Kanawha Turnpike a new lease in going to Big Sandy rather than to of life. It reached the height of its Point Pleasant (approximately opposite popularity about 1850, but by 1858 the Gallipolis). He thought the Big Sandy Covington and Ohio Railroad was under connection to be logical for Virginia and construction, the death knell for canals Kentucky, but inconvenient for Ohioans. had sounded, and the demise of the Actually the legislature had already Kanawha Turnpike was inevitable. The directed a survey of the route from death blow, like that for most turnpikes, Charleston to Point Pleasant, and the was the Civil War. The Confederacy was survey was completed in 1828. However, never able to establish control of the in response to Vinton's view expressed Kanawha Turnpike. In 1862 the legisla­ in 1833, the route was resurveyed. In ture of the new state of West Virginia 1835 a private firm, The Charleston and assumed control of the Kanawha River Point Pleasant Turnpike Company, was improvements. In 1866 the interest of chartered, and it completed the road in the state in all turnpikes and bridges was 1839. transferred to the counties in which The year 1837 was the beginning of they lay. a long economic depression and was The Kanawha Turnpike could not be complicated by a severe flood on May judged a great success. It was not 14 and 15 which was so violent that kept up to the standards of a first-class "the road was literally swept away for road, and it did not really bind east and west by strong commercial ties. It did MR. WALKER provide a route for westward migration, Continued from Page 13 and perhaps more than anything else it demonstrated that the Allegheny Moun­ she is black-that's reverse discrimina­ tains were even more of a barrier than tion-but we need our 'affirmative had been anticipated. Despite its faults, action' program to give blacks better it did serve as the first and only link opportunities." between the James and Kanawha Rivers How does he also manage to find until the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad time for Big Brothers of America and was built after the war. the Virginia Council of Retarded Citi­ Because of its character, its length, zens? "My wife Eva tells me I'm a and its ambitious purpose, the Kanawha work addict," he laughs. "But with two Turnpike can rightly be called a nine­ sons in college, you gotta work hard teenth-century superhighway. these days." He has one son, Morris, at Hampton Institute and another, Tony, Note: Subsequent installments will at Brown University. "Besides," he describe the Staunton and Parkersburg, smiles, "my jobs and. activities involve Northwestern, and Southwestern Turn­ people, and I love people." J.B. pikes.

31 PLEASED WITH SIGNS and out. That afternoon Mr. Burchett came up and (To Commissioner Douglas B. Fugate) looked the situation over. The next morning I recently drove to Richmond on Interstate Mr. Perry and his crew came and did such a 95 from Washington, D.C. I was pleased with complete job I'm taking this means to com­ your experiment showing the logos of fuel and mend you for your promptness in ·rendering lodging available at the interchanges. This inno­ S[!Ch satisfactory service. vation is both tasteful and convenient. It elimi­ Joe W. Bailey nates the need for those towering gasoline com­ Big Stone Gap, Va. pany signs which, I trust, will eventually be banned. Bob Burchett is the foreman at the Penning­ I hope you expand this method to all the ton Gap area headquarters, and Perry Fields is interstates under your jurisdiction. an equipment operator. Reverend Thomas L. Boland St. Therese Church A MATTER OF PRIDE Louisville, Kentucky (To Resident Engineer D.R. Collins, Christians­ Mr. Fugate replied in part: burg) The elimination of the need for the high-rise, This past weekend, my family was traveling on-premise signs and the large billboards was north on 1-81 from Bristol to Strasburg and the compelling reason behind our Commission's reached the rest stop south of Christiansburg action in approving the I-95 project. about lunch time. While we ate, we noticed a We have no plans at present to expand this lady scurrying about, quickly sponging off program to other interstate routes. However, tables and picking Up after each untidy traveler. with plenty of fuel available and traffic back to I must say we were very impressed with the normal, this expansion will, no doubt, be given beauty and cleanliness of this particular rest every consideration. stop. Much credit goes to the staff, I'm sure. We have driven many times to the West HOME OWNER HELPED Coast and seen many lovely rest areas, but I believe yours beats them all. Our sincere thanks (To Resident Engineer H. F. Phipps, Jonesville) to you and your staff for taking such pride in This week I called your office and explained our state and representing it so well to travelers, that access to my home had deteriorated to especially from out of state. such an extent that I had difficulty in getting in Mrs. Pamela Anderson

HIGHWAY PLANNING Many of the methodologies currently Continued from Page 7 used for soliciting community involve­ ment have evolved from informal meet­ action to be taken on a project. ings and public hearings. Citizen partici­ A variety of methods have been dis­ pation programs help to insure that cussed for obtaining citizen opinions on community values are considered in the proposed highway projects. The number development of transportation plans. or combination of these approaches While local opinion is a key element in utilized in community involvement pro­ the planning process, it is only one of grams is dependent upon the magnitude many factors to be considered. When of the project and the type of public combined with other major elements, input required. Each of the methods has such as traffic demands and engineering its strong and weak points. For this rea­ design, public involvement can be seen son, a plan that utilizes a combination as part of Virginia's coordinated effort of approaches insures that weak points to provide the best transportation facili­ inherent in one process will be offset by ties possible. the strong points of another. 32 WI

FREEMAPS 1111 11111~

Hosting the exhibit are Randy Thompson (left) and Lin Ilea th, who worked on the displays along with other model shop illustrators Wayne Minter, Stan Wade, Doug Ilcnslcy, Sam Wilson, and Ld Burton, head of the shop. Showcase The air was filled with promises of autumn splendor and the smell of siz­ zling sausages. Inside the Commonwealth Building at the State Fair, stroll­ ers, young and old, viewed exhibits of various state agencies. One of the exhibits that drew the most attention was the one designed by the Depart­ ment's model shop. The display highlighted new responsibilities of the Department of Highways and Transportation. RETURN AtTtR ::i lJAYS TO DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION RICHMOND, VA 23219 RETURN POSTACl CUARANTcED ADDRESS COfffilCTION Ric OUl:cSTl:::D

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