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TREATY 8: a British Columbian Anomaly
TREATY 8: A British Columbian Anomaly ARTHUR J. RAY N THE ANNALS OF NATIVE BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1999 undoubtedly will be remembered as the year when, in a swirl of controversy, Ithe provincial legislature passed the Nisga'a Agreement. The media promptly heralded the agreement as the province's first modern Indian treaty. Unmentioned, because it has been largely forgotten, was the fact that the last major "pre-modern" agreement affecting British Columbia -Treaty 8 - had been signed 100 years earlier. This treaty encompasses a sprawling 160,900-square-kilometre area of northeastern British Columbia (Map 1), which is a territory that is nearly twenty times larger than that covered by the Nisga'a Agreement. In addition, Treaty 8 includes the adjoining portions of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Treaty 8 was negotiated at a time when British Columbia vehemently denied the existence of Aboriginal title or self-governing rights. It therefore raises two central questions. First, why, in 1899, was it ne cessary to bring northeastern British Columbia under treaty? Second, given the contemporary Indian policies of the provincial government, how was it possible to do so? The latter question raises two other related issues, both of which resurfaced during negotiations for the modern Nisga'a Agreement. The first concerned how the two levels of government would share the costs of making a treaty. (I will show that attempts to avoid straining federal-provincial relations over this issue in 1899 created troublesome ambiguities in Treaty 8.) The second concerned how much BC territory had to be included within the treaty area. -
Rock Art Studies: a Bibliographic Database Page 1 800 Citations: Compiled by Leigh Marymor 04/12/17
Rock Art Studies: A Bibliographic Database Page 1 800 Citations: Compiled by Leigh Marymor 04/12/17 Keywords: Peterborough, Canada. North America. Cultural Adams, Amanda Shea resource management. Conservation and preservation. 2003 Reprinted from "Measurement in Physical Geography", Visions Cast on Stone: A Stylistic Analysis of the Occasional Paper No. 3, Dept. of Geography, Trent Petroglyphs of Gabriola Island, BCMaster/s Thesis :79 pgs, University, 1974. Weathering. University of British Columbia. Cited from: LMRAA, WELLM, BCSRA. Keywords: Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada. North America. Stylistic analysis. Marpole Culture. Vision. Alberta Recreation and Parks Abstract: "This study explores the stylistic variability and n.d. underlying cohesion of the petroglyphs sites located on Writing-On-Stone Provincial ParkTourist Brochure, Alberta Gabriola Island, British Columbia, a southern Gulf Island in Recreation and Parks. the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast (North America). I view the petroglyphs as an inter-related body of Keywords: WRITING-ON-STONE PROVINCIAL PARK, ancient imagery and deliberately move away from (historical ALBERTA, CANADA. North America. "THE BATTLE and widespread) attempts at large regional syntheses of 'rock SCENE" PETROGLYPH SITE INSERT INCLUDED WITH art' and towards a study of smaller and more precise PAMPHLET. proportion. In this thesis, I propose that the majority of petroglyphs located on Gabriola Island were made in a short Cited from: RCSL. period of time, perhaps over the course of a single life (if a single, prolific specialist were responsible for most of the Allen, W.A. imagery) or, at most, over the course of a few generations 2007 (maybe a family of trained carvers). -
The Camper's Guide to Alberta Parks
Discover Value Protect Enjoy The Camper’s Guide to Alberta Parks Front Photo: Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park Back Photo: Aspen Beach Provincial Park Printed 2016 ISBN: 978–1–4601–2459–8 Welcome to the Camper’s Guide to Alberta’s Provincial Campgrounds Explore Alberta Provincial Parks and Recreation Areas Legend In this Guide we have included almost 200 automobile accessible campgrounds located Whether you like mountain biking, bird watching, sailing, relaxing on the beach or sitting in Alberta’s provincial parks and recreation areas. Many more details about these around the campfire, Alberta Parks have a variety of facilities and an infinite supply of Provincial Park campgrounds, as well as group camping, comfort camping and backcountry camping, memory making moments for you. It’s your choice – sweeping mountain vistas, clear Provincial Recreation Area can be found at albertaparks.ca. northern lakes, sunny prairie grasslands, cool shady parklands or swift rivers flowing through the boreal forest. Try a park you haven’t visited yet, or spend a week exploring Activities Amenities Our Vision: Alberta’s parks inspire people to discover, value, protect and enjoy the several parks in a region you’ve been wanting to learn about. Baseball Amphitheatre natural world and the benefits it provides for current and future generations. Beach Boat Launch Good Camping Neighbours Since the 1930s visitors have enjoyed Alberta’s provincial parks for picnicking, beach Camping Boat Rental and water fun, hiking, skiing and many other outdoor activities. Alberta Parks has 476 Part of the camping experience can be meeting new folks in your camping loop. -
Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study On
Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Enbridge Gateway Pipeline An Assessment of the Impacts of the Proposed Enbridge Gateway Pipeline on the Carrier Sekani First Nations May 2006 Carrier Sekani Tribal Council i Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Proposed Gateway Pipeline ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study was carried out under the direction of, and by many members of the Carrier Sekani First Nations. This work was possible because of the many people who have over the years established the written records of the history, territories, and governance of the Carrier Sekani. Without this foundation, this study would have been difficult if not impossible. This study involved many community members in various capacities including: Community Coordinators/Liaisons Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Bev Ketlo, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Sara Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Rosa McIntosh, Saik’uz First Nation Bev Bird & Ron Winser, Tl’azt’en Nation Michael Teegee & Terry Teegee, Takla Lake First Nation Viola Turner, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Elders, Trapline & Keyoh Holders Interviewed Dick A’huille, Nak’azdli First Nation Moise and Mary Antwoine, Saik’uz First Nation George George, Sr. Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Rita George, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Patrick Isaac, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Peter John, Burns Lake Band Alma Larson, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Betsy and Carl Leon, Nak’azdli First Nation Bernadette McQuarry, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Aileen Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Donald Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Guy Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Vince Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Kenny Sam, Burns Lake Band Lillian Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Ruth Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Joseph Tom, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Translation services provided by Lillian Morris, Wet’suwet’en First Nation. -
Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future Of..., 29 J
Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future of..., 29 J. Env. L. & Prac. 227 29 J. Env. L. & Prac. 227 Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 2016 Article Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future of Environmental Governance in Canada Jessica Clogg, Hannah Askew, Eugene Kung, Gavin Smith a1 Copyright © 2016 by Thomson Reuters Canada Limited.; Jessica Clogg, Hannah Askew, Eugene Kung, Gavin Smith This paper provides an introduction to sources of Indigenous law and the theoretical underpinnings of Indigenous law-based approaches to contemporary environmental management in Canada. It then explores three case studies of Indigenous peoples that have used approaches grounded in their ancestral legal traditions to confront contemporary threats to their lands and waters. These case studies highlight how the Gitanyow Hereditary Chiefs, the Tsleil-Waututh Nation and the Yinka Dene Alliance have effectively drawn on and enforced their own laws in order to address challenges to the integrity of their respective territories from resource development. Finally, the paper comments on the significance of this revitalization of Indigenous legal traditions and their application to contemporary environmental problems in light of federal environmental deregulation. It posits that the current revitalization of Indigenous legal traditions should be of interest to anyone concerned with the question of environmental governance in Canada today. Dans cet article, les auteurs retracent les sources du droit autochtone et les bases théoriques des approches fondées sur le droit autochtone de la gestion environnementale contemporaine au Canada. Ils explorent ensuite trois situations où des peuples autochtones ont eu recours à des approches reposant sur leurs traditions juridiques ancestrales pour confronter des menaces contemporaines à leurs terres et eaux. -
Archaeological Investigations in the Takla Lake Region
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE TAKLA LAKE REGION John McMurdo INTRODUCTION In early spring, 1971, the Pacific Great Eastern Railway was approached by the Archaeology Department of Simon Fraser University, as construction had begun on a new railway linking Fort St. James and Dease Lake. The company was presented with plans for an extensive archaeological survey of the proposed route. It was explained that our purpose was to salvage any archaeological information that might be destroyed in the process of construction. While a grant from the Opportunities for Youth Programme would form part of the budget for this survey, the co-operation of P.G.E. was necessary, particularly in the field of transportation and 10 0 m and board, if the survey was to be successful. By May 15, 1971, P.G.E. had not only granted permission for the survey but had committed itself to providing transportation in the survey area and room and board for a crew of six. By June 15 however, the company had limited the crew size to two, and on the arrival of David Butlin and rcyself in the field on June 17, it was discovered that transportation and other facilities were limited to the area of Takla Lake. Although this area was found to have been extensively disturbed through clearing and bulldozing, a survey was initiated. The results of that survey form the basis of this report. An appendix has also been added which includes the results of discussions with some native residents of Takla Lake. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Takla Lake is approximately 50 miles long and two miles wide at its widest point. -
Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Fish from Western US and Alaskan National Parks—Spatial Distribution and Health Thresholds
Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Fish from Western U.S. and Alaskan National Parks — Spatial Distribution and Health Thresholds Pritz, C. M. F., Schrlau, J. E., Simonich, S. L. M., & Blett, T. F. (2014). Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Fish from Western US and Alaskan National Parks—Spatial Distribution and Health Thresholds. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 50(2), 309-323. doi:10.1111/jawr.12168 10.1111/jawr.12168 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Vol. 50, No. 2 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION April 2014 CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN IN FISH FROM WESTERN U.S. AND ALASKAN NATIONAL PARKS — SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH THRESHOLDS1 Colleen M. Flanagan Pritz, Jill E. Schrlau, Staci L. Massey Simonich, and Tamara F. Blett2 ABSTRACT: Remote national parks of the western U.S. and Alaska are not immune to contaminants of emerg- ing concern. Semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) such as pesticides and PCBs can selectively deposit from the atmosphere at higher rates in cold, high-elevation and high-latitude sites, potentially increasing risk to these ecosystems. In the environment, SOCs magnify up food chains and are known to increase health risks such as cancer and reproductive impairment. One hundred twenty-eight fish in 8 national parks in Alaska and the western U.S. were analyzed for contaminant concentrations, assessed by region, and compared to human and wildlife health thresholds. SOC concentrations from an additional 133 fish from a previous study were also included, for a total of 31 water bodies sampled. -
PROVINCI L Li L MUSEUM
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA REPORT OF THE PROVINCI_l_Li_L MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY • FOR THE YEAR 1930 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by CHARLES F. BANFIELD, Printer to tbe King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1931. \ . To His Honour JAMES ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Administrator of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History for the year 1930. SAMUEL LYNESS HOWE, Pt·ovincial Secretary. Pt·ovincial Secretary's Office, Victoria, B.O., March 26th, 1931. PROVINCIAl. MUSEUM OF NATURAl. HISTORY, VICTORIA, B.C., March 26th, 1931. The Ho1Wm·able S. L. Ho11ie, ProvinciaZ Secreta11}, Victo1·ia, B.a. Sm,-I have the honour, as Director of the Provincial Museum of Natural History, to lay before you the Report for the year ended December 31st, 1930, covering the activities of the Museum. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, FRANCIS KERMODE, Director. TABLE OF CONTENTS . PAGE. Staff of the Museum ............................. ------------ --- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -------------- 6 Object.. .......... ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- -- ---------- -- ------------------------ ----- ------------------- 7 Admission .... ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010
2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010 Description of Table 1. This table shows data for American Indian and Alaska Native tribes alone and alone or in combination for the United States. Those respondents who reported as American Indian or Alaska Native only and one tribe are shown in Column 1. Respondents who reported two or more American Indian or Alaska Native tribes, but no other race, are shown in Column 2. Those respondents who reported as American Indian or Alaska Native and at least one other race and one tribe are shown in Column 3. Respondents who reported as American Indian or Alaska Native and at least one other race and two or more tribes are shown in Column 4. Those respondents who reported as American Indian or Alaska Native in any combination of race(s) or tribe(s) are shown in Column 5, and is the sum of the numbers in Columns 1 through 4. For a detailed explanation of the alone and alone or in combination concepts used in this table, see the 2010 Census Brief, “The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010” at <www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf>. Table 1. American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Tribe1 for the United States: 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census, special tabulation. Internet release date: December 2013 Note: Respondents who identified themselves as American Indian or Alaska Native were asked to report their enrolled or principal tribe. Therefore, tribal data in this data product reflect the written tribal entries reported on the questionnaire. -
A GUIDE to Aboriginal Organizations and Services in British Columbia (December 2013)
A GUIDE TO Aboriginal Organizations and Services in British Columbia (December 2013) A GUIDE TO Aboriginal Organizations and Services in British Columbia (December 2013) INTRODUCTORY NOTE A Guide to Aboriginal Organizations and Services in British Columbia is a provincial listing of First Nation, Métis and Aboriginal organizations, communities and community services. The Guide is dependent upon voluntary inclusion and is not a comprehensive listing of all Aboriginal organizations in B.C., nor is it able to offer links to all the services that an organization may offer or that may be of interest to Aboriginal people. Publication of the Guide is coordinated by the Intergovernmental and Community Relations Branch of the Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation (MARR), to support streamlined access to information about Aboriginal programs and services and to support relationship-building with Aboriginal people and their communities. Information in the Guide is based upon data available at the time of publication. The Guide data is also in an Excel format and can be found by searching the DataBC catalogue at: http://www.data.gov.bc.ca. NOTE: While every reasonable effort is made to ensure the accuracy and validity of the information, we have been experiencing some technical challenges while updating the current database. Please contact us if you notice an error in your organization’s listing. We would like to thank you in advance for your patience and understanding as we work towards resolving these challenges. If there have been any changes to your organization’s contact information please send the details to: Intergovernmental and Community Relations Branch Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation PO Box 9100 Stn Prov. -
Soils of the Prince George- Mcleod Lake Area
Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Soils of the Prince George- McLeod Lake Area . .¢ . .Q . MOE Technical Report 29 Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MOE Technical Report 29 SOILS OF THE PRINCE GEORGE- McLEOD LAKE AREA Report N o. 23 British Columbia Soif Survey A .B .Dawson, P .Ag . MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SOILS BRANCH Victoria, B.C . January, 1989 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Dawson, A. B . (Alan Bruce), .1927- Soils of the Prince George-McLeod Lake area (MOE technical report, ISSN 0840-9730 ; 29) (British Columbia soil survey, ISSN 0375-5886 ; report no . 23) Co-published by,the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries . Bibliography : p . ISBN 0-7726-o8b6-7 l . Soils - British Columbia - Prince George Region . 2 . Soils - British Columbia - McLeod Lake Region . I . British Columbia . Ministry of Environment . II . British Columbia . Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries . III . Title . IV . Series . V . Series : British Columbia soil survey ; report no . 23 . S599 .1 .B7D38 1988 631 .4'7'7112 C88-092o87-4 ©Copyright 1989 . B .C . Ministry of Environment . First Printing 1989 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Paqe TABLE OF CONTENTS . i LIST OF FIGURES . .. v LIST OF TABLES . .. v LIST OF PLATES . vi INTRODUCTION . .. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . viii HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT . .. ix PART I GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA . Location and Extent . 1 History and Development . 2 Population and Facilities . 2 Services and Transporation . 2 General Economy . 2 Physical Features . 2 Physiography and Relief . 2 Nechako Plateau . 4 Fraser Plateau . 4 McGregor Plateau . 4 Fraser Basin . 4 Nechako Plain . -
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The Ethno-Genesis of the Mixed-Ancestry Population in New Caledonia Duane Thomson n British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada the question of which mixed-ancestry persons qualify for Métis status is a largely unresolved public policy issue. Whether this issue is eventually Idecided by legal decisions or by political accommodation, the historical background relating to British Columbia’s mixed-ancestry population is an important element in the discussion and requires detailed exploration. Historical research conducted for the Department of Justice forms the basis of this study of the ethno-genesis of the mixed-ancestry population of central British Columbia.1 To understand the parameters of this research, some background regarding the 2003 R. v. Powley decision in the Supreme Court of Canada is necessary. The Court ruled that Steve and Roddy Powley, two mixed-ancestry men from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, qualified for Métis status. They thus enjoyed a constitutionally protected right to hunt for food under s. 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.2 In its decision, the Court also set out the criteria that succeeding mixed-ancestry applicants must meet to similarly qualify for Métis status. One important criterion was that Métis Aboriginal rights rest in the existence of a historic, self- 1 For a summary of some of these legal and political issues, see Jean Barman and Mike Evans, “Reflections on Being, and Becoming, Métis in British Columbia,” BC Studies 161 (Spring 2009): 59-91. New Caledonia is the region chosen by Barman and Evans in their attempt to show that a Métis community developed in British Columbia.