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GUÍA METODOLÓGICA ANÁLISIS DE LA CIUDAD LATINOAMERICANA Director Del Master Carles Llop Torne

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GUÍA METODOLÓGICA ANÁLISIS DE LA CIUDAD LATINOAMERICANA Director Del Master Carles Llop Torne GUÍA METODOLÓGICA ANÁLISIS DE LA CIUDAD LATINOAMERICANA Director del Master Carles Llop Torne Master en Desarrollo Urbano y Territorial Gestión y Transformación de las Ciudades en Países en Desarrollo Marzo 2008 GUÍA METODOLÓGICA Análisis de la ciudad Latinoamericana Máster en desarrollo urbano y territorial Gestión y transformación de las Ciudades en Países Desarrollo Director del máster Carles Llop Torné María Elena de la Torre Escoto Napoleón Guerrero Flores CONTENIDO 6. SINTESIS......................................................................622 1. INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................ 3 6.1. ELEMENTOS DE LA ESCALA DEL TERRITORIO-REGIÓN 6.1.1. Reservas 2. OBJETIVOS ..................................................................... 4 6.1.2 Centros 6.1.3 Corredores 3. MARCO REFERENCIAL ......................................................... 5 6.2. ELEMENTOS DE LA ESCALA METROPOLITANA-CIUDAD 3.1 Análisis transescalar vs. visión sectorial 6.2.1 Sistema de espacios libres 3.2 El plan-proyecto vs. el planeamiento abstracto 6.2.2 Centralidades 3.3 Recuperación del enfoque morfológico 6.2.3 Corredores 3.4 El derecho a la ciudad, un proyecto pendiente en América Latina 6.2.4 Barrios 6. 3. ELEMENTOS DE LA ESCALA DEL BARRIO 4. METODOLOGÍA................................................................27 6.3.1 Sistema de espacios públicos 4.1. Información previa ........................................................27 6.3.2 Servicio y equipamiento 4.2. Contenido del análisis ....................................................28 6.3.3 Vialidad y transporte 4.3. La escala del territorio-región. .........................................28 6.3.4 Tejido urbano 4.4. La escala urbano-metropolitana. .......................................31 4.4.1. Plano de la estructura viaria..........................................32 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................ 73 4.4.2. Plano del sistema de espacios abiertos y del sistema de 7.1. El problema de la ciudad……………………………………………………………… dotaciones públicas. ...........................................................32 7.2. La ciudad Latinoamericana................................................. 4.4.3. Plano de los vacíos urbanos o áreas expectantes..................36 7.3. Planificación urbana......................................................... 4.4.4. Plano de los tejidos urbanos o áreas homogéneas.................36 7.4. Estructura viaria ............................................................. 4.4.5. Plano síntesis o de propuestas........................................40 7.5. Tejidos urbanos residenciales ............................................. 4.5. La escala del tejido urbano y espacio público........................40 7.6. Habitabilidad ................................................................. 4.5.1. Los tejidos residenciales...............................................40 7.7. Morfología urbana ........................................................... 4.5.2. El espacio público.......................................................44 7.8. Espacio público............................................................... 7.9. Áreas Metropolitanas ....................................................... 5. EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PLANES URBANÍSTICOS.............................51 7.10. Ayuntamiento de Barcelona .............................................. 5.1. Punto de partida para abordar el problema de la ciudad 7.11. Renovación urbana ......................................................... latinoamericana. ................................................................51 7.12. Revistas digitales ........................................................... 5.2. Esquemas comparativos del planeamiento urbanístico histórico del ámbito de estudio...............................................................58 8. CRÉDITOS ..................................................................... 79 5.3. La valoración de los planes urbanísticos...............................62 9. ANEXOS ....................................................................... 80 Guía metodológica para el análisis de la ciudad Latinoamericana. 1 Guía metodológica para el análisis de la ciudad Latinoamericana. 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A partir de los resultados conseguidos en la primera experiencia del taller latinoamericano se han elaborado unos criterios metodológicos que En la edición 2007 del Master de “Desarrollo Urbano y Territorial. Gestión puedan servir de base para los participantes del master de cada edición y y Transformación de las Ciudades en Países en Desarrollo”, se llevó a que a su vez la enriquezcan con nuevas aportaciones. cabo el Taller Latinoamericano para definir una base común de análisis de las distintas ciudades de procedencia de los participantes. Se A través del análisis inter-escalar del territorio y la ciudad se hace estableció la hipótesis inicial de una metodología analítica para énfasis en la herramienta del dibujo intencionado como método de relacionar las escalas que deben ser consideradas en el proyecto de la análisis, de interpretación y de valoración del territorio, así como de los ciudad. Así mismo, se enunciaron los criterios para reflexionar sobre la instrumentos de planeamiento que lo regulan. De esta forma se importancia del plan como medio esencial de transformación y desarrollo reconocen las tensiones que pueden producir los elementos de la escala urbano. regional, como son infraestructuras o áreas naturales, sobre la escala de los tejidos urbanos y el espacio público. El estudio sistemático de las diversas urbes pretendía focalizar los aspectos clave para el proyecto de la ciudad latinoamericana. El Hacer una lectura integral del territorio significa comprender las producto resultante se presentó en forma de fichas de análisis de las relaciones entre los distintos elementos que permiten el funcionamiento ciudades presentadas como caso de estudio por los asistentes. Esta de una región y el impacto que producen sobre la escala de la vida información pretendía estructurarse a la manera de un Atlas Urbano para cotidiana y las formas de habitabilidad. Un análisis reflexivo es la base poner en relación la diversidad de ciudades y poder así generar para definir las estrategias de transformación que debe contener el reflexiones sobre el fenómeno urbano de América Latina. proyecto de la ciudad. Esto permite hacer una valoración crítica de los instrumentos urbanísticos, los contenidos de los planes y los procesos de La propuesta metodológica para el análisis de la ciudad latinoamericana gestión en el contexto propio de cada ciudad. tiene como objetivo construir una base común que permita, de forma sintética, reconocer las interrelaciones que se producen entre los Por tanto, el análisis de la ciudad latinoamericana dentro del marco del diferentes elementos urbanos y las diferentes escalas territoriales. Se Master en “Desarrollo Urbano y Territorial. Gestión y Transformación de trata de abordar sistemáticamante la complejidad de factores que las Ciudades en Países en Desarrollo”, está orientado a construir intervienen en el proyecto de ciudad, y de esta forma, adquirir una visión conocimiento de forma colectiva a través de las reflexiones generadas en integral del territorio para abordar la problemática específica. el reconocimiento de las características singulares y genéricas, y la experiencia urbanística de cada contexto. Guía metodológica para el análisis de la ciudad Latinoamericana. 3 2. OBJETIVOS Dicho conocimiento debe orientarse a compartir la búsqueda de propia del fenómeno urbano adecuando las escalas de aproximación a los estrategias para la transformación de las ciudades y su territorio hacia ámbitos y a las características morfológicas de los mismos. modelos socialmente más justos y ambientalmente más sostenibles. Producir un análisis de la problemática en clave de proyecto -Conocer la importancia de los planes de urbanismo como instrumentos para la proyección de la ciudad y como herramienta para alcanzar un 2. OBJETIVOS desarrollo urbano equilibrado en términos de una justa distribución de Una guía para el análisis morfológico de la ciudad y el territorio tiene la las plusvalías urbanas, a través de la puesta en valor de la relación que función de representar y transmitir. El análisis morfológico en sus tres existe entre los instrumentos de gestión urbanística con la problemática escalas permite representar la complejidad urbana para su comprensión de la ciudad y sus posibilidades de aplicación a diferentes escalas del y sistematización. Y a su vez, en la medida en que la información pueda territorio y la ciudad. ser transmitida de forma clara y accesible a la sociedad el proceso de transformación urbana será más democrático y abierto, tanto en la Concretizar en el territorio los objetivos de un modelo de desarrollo identificación de problemas como en la definición de estrategias. socialmente mas justo y ambientalmente más sostenible -Profundizar en la dimensión antropológica de la ciudad como espacio Por tanto, los objetivos que busca esta guía metodológica se definen fenomenológico en el que acontece la habitabilidad, y relacionar el como: enfoque formal, técnico y disciplinar del urbanismo con una visión integral de la ciudad entendida como hecho universal en el que el Abordar el proyecto de la ciudad desde un enfoque transescalar tiempo, la historia y la arquitectura cobran una dimensión significativa, - Prefigurar y poner en práctica una metódica
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