Sanatiel De Jesus Pereira

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sanatiel De Jesus Pereira SANATIEL DE JESUS PEREIRA AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS E PROPRIEDADES DA POLPA CELULÓSICA DE Mauritia vinifera Martius e Bactrís inundata Marti us (PALMAE) PELO PROCESSO KRAFT Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Florestais. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz CURITIBA 2001 Universidade Federal do Paraná Setor de Ciências Agrárias - Centro de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Av. Lothário Meissner, 3400 - Jardim Botánico - CAMPUS II! 80210-170 - CURITIBA - Paraná UFPR Tel. (41) 360.4212 - Fax (41) 360.4211 - http://www.floresta.ufpr.br/pos^raduacao e-mail: [email protected] PARECER Defesa n° 441 A banca examinadora, instituída pelo colegiado do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, do Setor de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, após argüir o doutorando SANATIEL DE JESUS PEREIRA em relação ao seu trabalho de tese intitulado "AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS E PROPRIEDADES DA POLPA CELULÓSICA DE Mauritia vinifera Martius e Bactris inundata Martius (PALMAE) PELO PROCESSO KRAFT, é de parecer favorável à APROVAÇÃO do acadêmico, habilitando-o ao título de Doutorem Ciências Florestais, na área de concentração enyFecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais. Di3. Qnnzleü i mes Bolzon de Muñiz Professora e pesquisadora do Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal da UFPR Orientadora e prudente da banca examinadora Dr. Alcides ¡lopes' Professor e pesquisador da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo-Botucatú Primeiroyékaminador Dr.yçspMangolini Neves Do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo (IPT) Segundo examinador Dr. Moacir Kaminski Professor e Pesquisador do Departamento de Engenharia Química da UFPR Terceiro examinador. Professor e Pesquisador da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do PR Quarto examinador Curitiba, 28 de junho de 2001. Nivaldo Eduarflo Rizzi Coordenador do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Franklin Galvão Vice-coordenador DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho a minha esposa Maria do Socorro (Mana) e aos nossos filhos Michelle (M/c), Maclaurin (Mac) e Lucas Mateus (Leãozinho) pelos momentos de ausência, devido ao excesso de dedicação ao trabalho. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Pai amado que me sustentou e consentiu a realização deste trabalho; À Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, na pessoa do Magnífico Reitor Prof. Dr. Othon Bastos pela oportunidade dada para realização do Doutorado; Ao Prof. Paulo Sérgio Lago de Carvalho, Chefe do Departamento de Desenho e Tecnologia - DE.DET da UFMA, pela ajuda e compreensão constante na realização deste trabalho; À Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES pela bolsa de estudos dada para a realização deste trabalho; Ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal da UFPR, na pessoa do seu Coordenador Prof. Dr. Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi, pela oportunidade que me foi oferecida para a realização deste curso de Pós-Graduação; À Prof. Dr3. Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz pela orientação e amizade constante; Ao Prof. Msc. Gregorio Ceccantini, doutorando em Biologia na USP, pela ajuda na realização das lâminas foliares e das microfotografias no Laboratorio de Botânica na UFPR. Ao Prof. Dr. Moacyr Kaminski pelo chute inicial, seu entusiasmo, tão necessário para a realização deste trabalho. À Prof. Dr3. Berta Morretes pela iniciação na anatomia vegetal; À Prof. Dr3 Terezinha Rego, pelo incentivo e entusiasmo constante; Ao Prof. Dr. Antonio Benedito de Oliveira, padrinho intelectual e amigo, pela presença constante na minha vida acadêmica, me incentivando e dando o apoio necessário para que este trabalho fosse concluído; Ao Prof. MS. José de Ribamar Gonçalves pela ajuda na determinação das pentosanas no Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMA; Às Mestrandas do Curso de Farmácia da UFMA Crisálida Machado , Danielle Rodrigues Simas e Elizabeth R. Borges, pela ajuda nos trabalhos de laboratório para determinação das pentosanas; iii À Prof. Dr3. Tomoe Nakashima, Coordenadora do Curso de Farmácia da UFPR, pela ajuda na confecção das vidrarias e da aquisição do orcinol para realização dos ensaios de pentosanas; Ao Prof. Dr. Umberto Klock, pelos primeiros passos na tecnologia de produção de papel, ensinamentos fundamentais para que este trabalho se realizasse; Ao Prof. Dr. Jorge Luís Monteiro de Matos, por ter nos cedido o espaço físico da câmara para o condicionamento e realização dos ensaios físicos-mecánicos do papel; À acadêmica de Biologia Daniele Ferreira, pela ajuda na execução das lâminas foliares; À doutoranda em Engenharia Florestal Silvana Nisgoski, amiga que me abriu os olhos para a anatomia da madeira e me ensinou a dar os primeiros passos na arte da microtécnica; Ao doutorando em Engenharia Florestal Fernando José Fabrowski, amigo constante de todas as horas, pela ajuda nos primeiros passos da tecnologia de papel; pelo compartilhamento no caminhar da senda acadêmica. Aos Profs. Dr. José Lívio Gomide e Dr. Benedito Vital, pela acolhida em nossa visita ao Laboratório de Polpa e Papel da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV e pelas sugestões apresentadas; À Solange Cristina do Nascimento, Enga Química do Sindicato de Papel e Celulose do Paraná - SINPACEL, pela ajuda dada em todas as vezes em que foi solicitada; Ao Prof. Dr. Edimar Pereira Bastos, Chefe do Departamento de Química da UFMA, pelo empréstimo das vidrarias e manta para a execução dos experimentos com pentosanas; À Dionéia Calixto de Souza, Química do Laboratório de Polpa e Papel da UFPR, pela ajuda imprescindível na realização dos ensaios de química da madeira; Ao Prof. Dr. Adilson dos Anjos, Chefe do Laboratório de Estatística da UFPR, pela ajuda no tratamento estatístico dos dados utilizando a teoria de superfície de resposta; iv Ao acadêmico de Estatística, Fernando Otávio Barbosa, pela ajuda na execução dos trabalhos dos tratamentos dos dados pela teoria de superfíde de resposta; À Ana Paula Marcondes, do Centro de Informação Tecnológica - CITEC da Associação Brasileira Técnica de Celulose e Papel - ABTCP, pela ajuda constante na aquisição de dados da literatura especializada e a Patrícia Féra, assistente de Normalização, pelo fornecimento de Normas e outras informações técnicas; Ao Maurício Pereira Cantão e Paulo Henrique Brixel, responsável e técnico, respectivamente, do Laboratório de Microscopía Eletrônica de Varredura - MEV do Instituto de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento (LATEC) da COPEL/UFPR, pela ajuda na obtenção das imagens em MEV; Ao Agrônomo José Guilherme Diniz Dias, gerente da Fazenda Vila Regina, em Barreirinhas (MA), pela ajuda no fornecimento e coleta das matérias-primas deste trabalho; À D. Maria Sarmento, José de Ribamar Rodrigues, Antônio Rodrigues, Edilvaldo Rodrigues, Ana Rosa Pereira de Sousa, Luismaria Pereira Rocha, Silvana Silva Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Pereira do Nascimento e Antônio Rocha, pela ajuda na coleta e prepara das amostras colhidas em Barreirinhas (MA); Ao amigo de caminhada e de campo, Fernando Antônio Ferreira, pela ajuda na coleta, embalagem e transporte das matérias-primas até Curitiba; Aos meus Amigos que de forma velada ou explícita, contribuíram, torceram e me acompanharam em todo o transcorrer deste trabalho. EPÍGRAFE O que viemos fazer aqui? Viemos aprender a amar. Lucas Mateus (5 anos) A Vida É como uma conta de multiplicar de diversas parcelas, Se errarmos em uma parcela Nunca o resultado final vai dar certo.... Mac (7 anos) vi SUMÁRIO LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS LISTA DE SIGLAS RESUMO ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUÇÃO 01 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA 07 2.1. PRODUÇÃO DE CELULOSE NÃO-MADEIRA 07 2.2. A FAMÍLIA PALMAE 23 2.2.1. Caracteres Gerais 25 2.2.2. Distribuição Geográfica ...26 2.2.3. Classificação 34 2.3. Mauritia vinifera Martius 35 2.3.1. Classificação 35 2.3.2. Características 36 2.3.3. Ocorrência e Habitat 36 2.3.4. Utilidade 37 2.4. Bactris inundata Martius 37 2.4.1. Classificação 37 2.4.2. Características 38 2.4.3. Ocorrência e Habitat 38 2.4.4. Utilidade 38 2.5. PROCESSO QUÍMICO DE POLPAÇÃO 39 2.5.1. Processos Alcalinos para a Produção de Celulose 39 2.5.2. O Processo Kraft 40 2.5.3. Variáveis do Processo 41 2.5.3.1. Variáveis Relacionadas à Matéria-prima 42 2.5.3.1.1. Espécie e Qualidade da Matéria-prima 42 2.5.3.1.2. Fatores de Crescimento 44 2.5.3.1.3. Dimensões do Cavaco 45 2.5.3.2. Variáveis Relacionadas ao Cozimento 47 vii 2.5.3.2.1. Teor de Álcali Ativo 47 2.5.3.2.2. Relação Licor-madeira 49 2.5.3.2.3. Tempo e Temperatura 50 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS 52 3.1. MATERIAIS 52 3.2. MÉTODOS 57 3.2.1. Caracterização Física 57 3.2.2. Características Morfológicas 57 3.2.3. Caracterização Química 61 3.2.4. Produção de Celulose 63 3.2.4.1. Processo de Cozimento 63 3.2.4.2. Condições de Cozimento 63 3.2.4.3. Cozimento 64 3.2.4.4. Rendimento em Celulose 65 3.2.4.5. Determinação do Número Kappa 65 3.2.5. Confecção da Folha do Papel 65 3.2.5.1. Refinação 65 3.2.5.2. Formação da Folha para Testes 66 3.2.5.3. Acondicionamento das Folhas 66 3.2.6. Ensaios Físico-mecânicos 67 3.2.7. Modelo de Superfície de Resposta 72 3.2.7.1. Delineamento Central Composto 73 3.2.7.2. Matriz do Delineamento 74 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES 76 4.1. DENSIDADE BÁSICA 76 4.2. CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA 77 4.3. CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA 86 4.4. PRODUÇÃO DE CELULOSE 95 4.4.1. Condições de Cozimento 95 4.4.2. Rendimentos em Celulose 95 4.4.3. Tempo de Refino 97 4.4.4. Características da Celulose 101 4.4.4.1. índice de Tração 101 viii 4.4.4.2. índice de Rasgo 103 4.4.4.3.
Recommended publications
  • (Arecaceae): Évolution Du Système Sexuel Et Du Nombre D'étamines
    Etude de l’appareil reproducteur des palmiers (Arecaceae) : évolution du système sexuel et du nombre d’étamines Elodie Alapetite To cite this version: Elodie Alapetite. Etude de l’appareil reproducteur des palmiers (Arecaceae) : évolution du système sexuel et du nombre d’étamines. Sciences agricoles. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. Français. NNT : 2013PA112063. tel-01017166 HAL Id: tel-01017166 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017166 Submitted on 2 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE : Sciences du Végétal (ED 45) Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et E,olution (ESE) DISCIPLINE : -iologie THÈSE DE DOCTORAT SUR TRAVAUX soutenue le ./05/10 2 par Elodie ALAPETITE ETUDE DE L'APPAREIL REPRODUCTEUR DES PAL4IERS (ARECACEAE) : EVOLUTION DU S5STE4E SE6UEL ET DU NO4-RE D'ETA4INES Directeur de thèse : Sophie NADOT Professeur (Uni,ersité Paris-Sud Orsay) Com osition du jury : Rapporteurs : 9ean-5,es DU-UISSON Professeur (Uni,ersité Pierre et 4arie Curie : Paris VI) Porter P. LOWR5 Professeur (4issouri -otanical Garden USA et 4uséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris) Examinateurs : Anders S. -ARFOD Professeur (Aarhus Uni,ersity Danemark) Isabelle DA9OA Professeur (Uni,ersité Paris Diderot : Paris VII) 4ichel DRON Professeur (Uni,ersité Paris-Sud Orsay) 3 4 Résumé Les palmiers constituent une famille emblématique de monocotylédones, comprenant 183 genres et environ 2500 espèces distribuées sur tous les continents dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales.
    [Show full text]
  • Lao Flora a Checklist of Plants Found in Lao PDR with Scientific and Vernacular Names
    Lao Flora A checklist of plants found in Lao PDR with scientific and vernacular names 2 L. Inthakoun and C. O. Delang Lao Flora A checklist of plants found in Lao PDR with scientific and vernacular names Lamphay Inthakoun Claudio O. Delang Lulu Press First published 2008 by Lulu Enterprises, Inc. 860 Aviation Parkway, Suite 300 Morrisville, NC 27560 The book can be purchased or downloaded from http://lulu.com/lao_flora. Contents Introduction 1 Lao Flora Listed by Lao Script 13-121 Lao Flora Listed by Genus and Species 123-238 Introduction This introduction1 provides a brief synopsis of the forest habitats and ecoregions found in Lao PDR, as well as an overview of the related research on plant taxonomy. This is followed by a description of the structure and contents of the present volume and a citation of sources used to compile the present checklist. 1. Forest habitats and ecoregions in Lao PDR 1.1. Forest habitats Forest classifications can be vegetation-related (which implies that the factors used to distinguish forests are the physiognomic or floristic characteristics of the vegetation), biophysically- and climate-related (where broad environmental or geographic characteristics become the distinguishing factors), or management- related (which involves utilizing combinations of vegetation and non-vegetation criteria). These modes of classification are scale-specific: while global-scale classifications are largely based on climatic criteria such as rainfall and temperature, classification systems used at country- or smaller regional-level scales emphasise floristic and physiognomic characteristics as well as physical site factors (Wong, Delang, Schmidt-Vogt, 2007). These latter variables were taken into account by the National Office of Forest Inventory and Planning (NOFIP) when it classified the forests of Lao PDR (Manivong and Sandewall, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Borassus Flabellifer) in Statement of Ownership 207 Kerala, India V.S
    Journalof the InternationalPalm Society Vol. 8(4) December2004 THE INTERNATIONATPALM SOCIETY,INC. The International Palm Society PalmS (formerlyPRINCIPES) Journalof The InternationalPalm Society Founder:Denl Smi[h An illustrated,peer-reviewed quarteriy devoted to ThelnternaLional Palm Society is a nonpro[itcorporation informationabout palms and publishedin March, engagedin thestudv ol palms.The society is inter- June, Septemberand Decemberby The lnternationalPalm nationalin scopewith worldwidemembership, and the Society,810East 1Oth St., P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, formatronof regionalor localchapters affiliated with the Kansas66044'8897, USA. internationalsociely is encouraged. Please address all inquiriesregarding membership or inlormalionabout Editors: Dransfield,Herbarium, Royal Botanic the societyto The InternationalPalm Society Inc., P.O. John Cardens,Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AF.United Box 1692,Lawrence, Kansas 66044,8897, USA. e-mail Kingdom,e-mail j.dransfield@rbgl<ew.org.uk, tel.44-20- [email protected],tax 785-84 3-1 27 4. 8332-52) 5, Fax 44-20-8332-527B. OFFICERS: ScottZona, Fairchild Tropical Carden, 1 1935 Olcl Cutler Road,Coral Gables (Miami), Florida 33156, USA, e-mail President: PaulCraft, l6745WestEpson Drive. [email protected],tel. 1 -305-667-1 65.1 ext. Loxahatchee,Florida 33470 USA, e-mail 3419,Fax 1 -305-665-8032. [email protected],tel.l-561 -5 l4-1837. AssociateEditor: NatalieUhl, 228 PlantScience, Vice-Presidents:Bo-Coran Lundkvist, PO Box 2071, CornellUniversity, lthaca, New York14853, USA, e-mail Pahoa,Hawaii 96778 USA, e-mail nwul @cornell.edu,tel. 1-607 -257 -0885. [email protected],lel.I -808-965-0081. LelandLai, 21480 Colina Drive, Topanga, Calilornia Supplement Editor: JimCain, 12418 Stafford Springs, 9A290USA, e-mail [email protected], tel.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Palm Tree Susceptibility to Hemi-Epiphytic Parasitism By
    PALM TREE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEMI-EPIPHYTIC PARASITISM BY FICUS BY GREGORY KRAMER A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Gregory Kramer 2 To my parents for always supporting my curiosity for the sciences and allowing me to follow that curiosity through education 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my entire supervisory committee, Dr. Kimberly Moore, Dr. George E. Fitzpatrick, and Dr. Wagner Vendrame for making my learning experience at UF an exceptional one. A special acknowledgment to Dr. Moore, for encouraging me to pursue my degree, and, and for being a constant source of guidance throughout my studies. I would also like to thank the staff of Montgomery Botanical Center for allowing me to use the facility to conduct my research, in particular, Dr. Patrick Griffith, Executive Director; Arantza A. Strader, Database Supervisor; and Vickie Murphy, Nursery Curator. And finally to my entire family, who have supported my curiosity for the sciences from a young age, in particular, Dave, Nancy and Emil. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Botanic Gardens List of Rare and Threatened Species
    ^ JTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES JION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES Conservation Monitoring Centre - Centre de surveillance continue de la conservation de la nature The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY THE BOTANIC GARDENS LIST OF RARE AND THREATENED SPECIES COMPILED BY THE THREATENED PLANTS UNIT OF THE lUCN CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW FROM INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM MEMBERS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY lUCN would like to express its warmest thani<s to all the specialists, technical managers and curators who have contributed information. KEW, August 198^* Tel (011-940 1171 (Threatened Plants Unit), (01)-940 4547 (Protected Areas Data Unit) Telex 296694 lUCN Secretariat: 1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel (22) 647181 Telex 22618 UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Commission du service de sauvegarde - Survival Service Commission Comite des plantes menacees — Threatened Plants Committee c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATI6N CO-ORDINATING BODY REPORT NO. 2. THE BOTANIC GARDENS LIST OF MADAGASCAN SUCCULENTS 1980 FIRST DRAFT COMPILED BY THE lUCN THREATENED PLANTS COMMITTEE SECRETARIAT AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW FROM INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM MEMBERS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY The TPC would like to express its warmest thanks to all the specialists, technical managers and curators who have contributed information. KEW, October, 1980 lUCN SECRETARIAT; Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland -Suisse/Switzerland Telex: 22618 iucn Tel: (022) 64 32 54 Telegrams: lUCNATURE GLAND .
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Hyophorbe Verschaffeltii (Arecaceae)
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(2): 39-46 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(2): 39-46 Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity of Received: 17-01-2016 Accepted: 18-02-2016 Hyophorbe verschaffeltii (Arecaceae) Mohamed R Elgindi A) Department of Mohamed R Elgindi, Abd El-Nassar B Singab, Shaza H Aly, Ibrahim I Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Mahmoud Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt. B) Department of Abstract Pharmacognosy, Faculty of The investigation was carried out for isolation and characterization of the possible phytochemical Pharmacy, Helwan University, compounds of leaves of Hyophorbe verschaffeltii and determination of its antioxidant activity. The air Cairo, Egypt. dried leaves of Hyophorbe verschaffeltii were extracted with 70% methanol. The chromatographic investigation for aqueous fraction lead to isolation of five compounds by Column chromatography, thin Abd El-Nassar B Singab layer chromatography (TLC), Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and paper chromatography. Department of Pharmacognosy, The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques as 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams 70% methanolic extract was assayed for its antioxidant activity in vivo by CCl4-induced hepatic injury University, Cairo, Egypt. technique and levels of serum liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined, also Oxidative Damage Markers as superoxide dismutase Shaza H Aly (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue were studied. Hyophorbe verschaffeltii (Arecaceae) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr afforded aqueous fraction from which five compounds Quercetin (compound H-1), Quercetin 7, 3', 4' University in Cairo, Cairo, trimethoxy (compound H-4), Luteolin (compound H-5), Cannigenin (compound H-2) and Brisbagenin Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • These Proceedings Contain the Presentations and Deliberations Ofth E First PROSEA International Symposium, Which Was Held from May 22-25,1989, in Jakarta, Indonesia
    These Proceedings contain the presentations and deliberations ofth e First PROSEA International Symposium, which was held from May 22-25,1989, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Focal points ofth e presentations wereth e past, present and future ofth e PROSEA project, which is an international, multidisciplinary undertaking that aims to publish a multivolume, illustrated handbook in English, on approximately 5,000 useful South-East Asian plants. Yy <rV .%ävA-*|i* n^iv/ Kn A6 *Î\I-ÏÀ /)a<Pc^ O2 . ^ „ oi , Plant Resources of South-East Asia Proceedings of the First PROSEA International Symposium May 22-25,1989, Jakarta, Indonesia J.S. Siemonsma and N.Wulijarni-Soetjipt o (Editors) H Pudoc Wageningen 1989 c SU S~I o") S Bibliotheek TEELT Vakgroep Agronomie LU -Wag«ninge n Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Plant Plant resources of South-East Asia :proceeding s of the first PROSEA interna­ tional symposium, May 22-25, 1989, Jakarta, Indonesia:J. S. Siemonsma and N. Wulijarni-Soetjipto (ed.).- Wageningen : Pudoc. - III. With ref. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 bound SISO 632.3UD C 633/635 (59) NUGI835 Subject heading: plant resources ;South-Eas t Asia. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 NUGI 835 Design: Frits Stoepman GVN. © Pudoc/Prosea, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1989 No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electric or electromagnetic record without permission from the publisher Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA
    [Show full text]
  • 5- Monocotiledoneas.Pdf
    INDICE Página 3.1. Introducción 1 3.2 Filogenia 1 3.3. Características de los integrantes de las Monocotiledóneas 5 3.3.1. Orden Acorales 8 3.3.1.1. Familia Acoraceae 8 3.3.2. Orden Alismatales 10 3.3.2.1. Familia Araceae 10 3.3.2.2. Familia Hydrocharitaceae 20 3.3.2.3. Familia Butomaceae 26 3.3.2.4. Familia Alismataceae 29 3.3.2.5. Familia Limnocharitaceae 33 3.3.2.6. Familia Zosteraceae 37 3.3.2.7. Familia Potamogetonaceae 40 3.3.3. Orden Petrosaviales 45 3.3.3.1. Familia Petrosaviaceae 45 3.3.4. Orden Dioscoreales 47 3.3.4.1. Familia Dioscoreaceae 47 3.3.5. Orden Pandanales 52 3.3.5.1. Familia Triuridaceae 52 3.3.5.2. Familia Pandanaceae 56 3.3.6. Orden Liliales 59 3.3.6.1. Familia Smilacaceae 59 3.3.6.2. Familia Liliaceae 63 3.3.6.3. Familia Alstroemeriaceae 66 3.3.7. Orden Asparagales 70 3.3.7.1. Familia Orchidaceae 70 3.3.7.2. Familia Iridaceae 84 3.3.7.3. Familia Amaryllidaceae 89 3.3.7.4. Familia Agavaceae 94 Monocotiledóneas Commelinides 100 3.3.8. Orden Arecales 100 3.3.8.1. Familia Arecaceae 100 3.3.9. Orden Commelinales 123 3.3.9.1. Familia Commelinaceae 123 3.3.9.2. Familia Pontederiaceae 128 3.3.10. Orden Poales 133 3.3.10.1. Familia Typhaceae 133 3.3.10.2. Familia Bromeliaceae 139 3.3.10.3. Familia Juncaceae 148 3.3.10.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) No
    THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) NO. 32 ISSN 0495–3843 THE FOREST HERBARIUM NATIONAL PARK, WILDLIFE AND PLANT CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT BANGKOK, THAILAND DECEMBER 2004 Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) No. 32, 2004 CONTENTS Page Thaweesakdi Boonkerd & Rossarin Pollawatn. A revised taxanomic account of the fern genus Woodwardia (Blechnaceae) in Thailand 1–5 –––––, Stuart Lindsay, David J. Middleton & Somran Suddee. Additions to the pteridophyte flora of Thailand 6–11 Sahut Chantanaorrapint & Obchant Thaithong. Sciaphila nana Blume (Triuridaceae), a new record for Thailand 12–14 W.J.J.O. De Wilde & B.E.E. Duyfjes. Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand, with a note on the Indian Zehneria maysorensis 15–31 J. Dransfield, A.S. Barfod & R. Pongsattayapipat. A preliminary checklist to Thai Palms 32–72 Soejatmi Dransfield & K.M. Wong. Notes on Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus (Poaceae-Bambusoideae) from Myanmar 73–75 Brigitta E.E. Duyfjes & Kanchana Pruesapan. The genus Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand 76–109 Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay. A new species of Litsea (Lauraceae) from Thailand 110–114 Chamlong Phengklai. Three new species and a new variety of Fagaceae from Thailand 115–122 Phongsak Phonsena. Plagiopteron suaveolens (Plagiopteraceae): an emended description 123–131 Ivan A. Schanzer. Systematic notes on Ophiorrhiza trichocarpon Blume (Rubiaceae) and some related species 132–145 Prachaya Srisanga, Chusie Trisonthi & Peter S. Green. Jasminum rufohirtum Gagnep. (Oleaceae), a new record for Thailand 146–148 George Staples. New combinations in Thai Convolvulaceae 149–150 Chirdsak Thapyai, Paul Wilkin & Kongkanda Chayamarit. A rare endemic Thai yam rediscovered: Dioscorea inopinata Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae) and its affinities 151–158 –––––. Dioscorea petelotii Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae): A new record for Thailand and the discovery of male and female flowers 159–167 Peter C.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Diversity at Soneva Kiri
    BOTANICAL DIVERSITY AT SONEVA KIRI Results from a preliminary botanical survey at Soneva Kiri Resort Martijn van Berlo Summary Soneva Kiri resort is situated on the island of Koh Kood, which is one of the most undisturbed islands of Thailand. The amount of different ecosystems present, along with the relatively unspoiled environment, causes the island to support a very large diversity of life. To get a better understanding of how rich this diversity actually is, an introductory botanical survey was conducted on the resort property. This report will first give a better insight into why such a large biological diversity can be found here. The plants focused on in this botanical survey were mainly the most common or the most notable examples found on the property of Soneva Kiri Resort. During the survey over 200 different species were found, of which some 121 different genera and species could be identified, classified under 56 different families. About 80 different species found could not be identified for a number of reasons. Sometimes the trees were just too tall to be able to take a look at any fruits or flowers, or the family under which the species is classified required such detailed knowledge that it was at the time of the survey not possible to identify them. The latter groups of plants were mostly figs, ferns, and orchids. It is estimated that Koh Kood is home to well over 1000 different plant species, so many more additions to this survey could be made. Many of these plants have an important ecological, economical or medicinal significance in various areas where they naturally occur.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline and Conservation Management of the Threatened Endemic Palms of the Mascarene Islands
    Oryx Vol 36 No 1 January 2002 The decline and conservation management of the threatened endemic palms of the Mascarene Islands Mike Maunder, Wayne Page, John Mauremootoo, Richard Payendee, Yousoof Mungroo, Aleks Maljkovic, Christian Vericel and Ben Lyte Abstract The conservation status of the five genera population fragmentation, invasive plants and animals, and 11 species of palm endemic to the Mascarene Islands and high levels of seed predation that prevent natural (Mauritius, La Re´union and Rodriques) are reviewed. regeneration. The advantages of in situ management for All species are threatened with extinction; nine taxa the recovery of these palm populations are discussed. are classified as Critically Endangered and four as Without a long-term conservation programme, utilising Endangered on the 2000 IUCN Red List. Two taxa both in situ and ex situ management, extinction of wild survive as single wild specimens (Hyophorbe amaricaulis populations will occur. and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum); an additional seven taxa have wild populations of 100 or fewer. Keywords Acanthophoenix, Dictyosperma, ex situ, Although the historical phase of large-scale forest clear- Hyophorbe, in situ, Latania, Mascarene Islands, palms, ance has passed, the remaining palm populations in Tectiphiala. the Mascarenes are under threat from the eCects of of the challenges in managing threatened island plants, Introduction and the endemic species include some of the most widely The Mascarene Islands are situated to the east of cultivated commercial and ornamental palm species in Madagascar in the south-west Indian Ocean (Fig. 1). the world (Maunder et al., 2001). They consist of three main islands: Mauritius and The palm family Arecaceae is represented in the Rodrigues, comprising The Republic of Mauritius, and Mascarenes by 11 species in five endemic genera (Moore La Re´union, a French Overseas Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Chemistry Gc University Lahore
    EVALUATION OF PHYTOMEDICINAL ATTRIBUTES AND METABOLITES’ IDENTIFICATION IN LEAVES OF HYOPHORBE INDICA AND HYOPHORBE LAGENICAULIS James William SESSION 2015-2018 Registration No. 2015-GCUL-PhD-CHEM-62 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY GC UNIVERSITY LAHORE EVALUATION OF PHYTOMEDICINAL ATTRIBUTES AND METABOLITES’ IDENTIFICATION IN LEAVES OF HYOPHORBE INDICA AND HYOPHORBE LAGENICAULIS Submitted to GC University Lahore in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY BY James William SESSION 2015-2018 Registration No. 2015-GCUL-PhD-CHEM-62 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY GC UNIVERSITY LAHORE DECLARATION i PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKING ii RESEARCH COMPLETION CERTIFICATE iii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL iv DEDICATION My Parents (Late), beloved wife, my sons Shah Rukh James, Hammad James and my daughter Aman James for their prayers and sacrifices to support me and to boost my morale for the achievement of this endeavor. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very thankful to Almighty God for providing me this opportunity to complete my Doctorate in the field of chemistry at the beautiful, historical, richest and best endowed campus of Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan. This experience was very virtuous, and I enjoyed healthy learning during my research work. The working not only improved my laboratory skills but also enhanced and updated the knowledge in the field. It was not as simple as it seems today but there were untiring efforts behind that made the things smooth and positive. Inspite of my efforts it was God’s grace that made me able to complete this endeavor. I would like to offer the heartiest gratitude to my PhD supervisor Prof.
    [Show full text]