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Chemical Response Guide CHLOROFORM Dans la même collection Acide phosphorique, 2008 - 76 p. Acide sulfurique, 2006 - 64 p. Acrylate d’éthyle, 2006 - 57 p. Ammoniac, 2006 - 68 p. Benzène, 2004 - 56 p. Chlorure de vinyle, 2004 - 50 p. 1,2-Dichloroéthane, 2005 - 60 p. Diméthyldisulfure, 2007 - 54 p. Essence sans plomb, 2008 - 56 p. Hydroxyde de sodium en solution à 50 %, 2005 - 56 p. E.U. Classification: Méthacrylate de méthyle stabilisé, 2008 - 72 p. Méthyléthylcétone, 2009 - 70 p. Styrène, 2004 - 62 p. Xylènes, 2007 - 69 p. UN n°: 1888 Centre de documentation, de recherche et d’expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, F 29218 BREST CEDEX 2 MARPOL Classification: Y Tél. +33 (0)2 98 33 10 10 - Fax +33 (0)2 98 44 91 38 Cedre Courriel : [email protected] - Internet : http://www.cedre.fr SEBC Classification: SD Guide d’intervention chimique : Chloroforme ISBN 978-2-87893-099-3 ISSN 1950-0556 © Cedre - 2011 CHEMICAL RESPONSE GUIDE couverture.indd 1 11/08/2011 14:07:10 Cedre Chloroform Chemical Response Guide CHLOROFORM PRACTICAL GUIDE INFORMAT I ON DEC I S I ON -MAK I NG RESPONSE This document was drafted by Cedre (the Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution) with financial support and technical guidance from ARKEMA and financial Warning support from the French Navy. Certain data, regulations, values and Cedre norms may be liable to change sub- sequent to publication. We recom- mend that you check them. The information contained in this guide is the result of research and experimentation conducted by Cedre. Cedre cannot be held responsible for the consequences resulting from the use of this information. Published in French: April 2011 English translation: August 2011 3 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide Purpose of this guide As part of the research funded by ARKEMA, Channel and in a river. These scenarios are Cedre (the Centre of Documentation, Research only intended to provide response authorities and Experimentation on Accidental Water with indications of what to do in an emer- Pollution) has produced a series of response gency. guides for chemical hazards. They can be used to assist in emergency response in the Each real incident should be analysed individu- event of an incident involving a vessel carrying ally and the response authorities should not hazardous substances which may cause water underestimate the importance of taking in pollution. situ measurements (air, water, sediment and marine fauna) in order to determine exclusion These guides are updates of the 61 "mini areas. response guides" published by Cedre in the early 1990s. These guides are intended primarily for spe- cialists who know about the techniques to use These guides are designed to allow rapid in the event of an emergency in addition to access to the necessary initial information (see the relevant operational response measures. chapter entitled "First line emergency data"), in addition to providing relevant bibliographi- The main concern is to mitigate the conse- cal sources to obtain further information. quences of a spill, however we cannot afford to overlook responder safety and human They also contain the results of scenarios toxicology. relating to incidents having occurred in the To contact the duty engineer at Cedre (24/7) Tel.: + 33 (0)2 98 33 10 10 National toxicology surveillance system in Poison Control Centres in France the event of a major toxicological threat. Angers (Centre Hospitalier d’Angers) Tel.: + 33 (0)2 41 48 21 21 Bordeaux (Hôpital Pellegrin-Tripode) Tel.: + 33 (0)5 56 96 40 80 Cedre Grenoble (Hôpital Albert Michallon) Tel.: + 33 (0)4 76 76 56 46 In France, a hotline is manned around the clock by Lille (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Tel.: + 33 (0)8 25 81 28 22 Division 7 of the General Department of Health (SD7/ Lyon (Hôpital Edouard Herriot) Tel.: + 33 (0)4 72 11 69 11 DGS). Marseille (Hôpital Salvator) Tel.: + 33 (0)4 91 75 25 25 Nancy (Hôpital Central) Tel.: + 33 (0)3 83 32 36 36 During opening hours please call: Paris (Hôpital Fernand Widal) Tel.: + 33 (0)1 40 05 48 48 Tel.: + 33 (0)1 40 56 47 95 Reims (Hôpital Maison Blanche) Tel.: + 33 (0)3 26 78 48 21 Fax: + 33 (0)1 40 56 50 56 Rennes (Hôpital de Pontchaillou) Tel.: + 33 (0)2 99 59 22 22 Rouen (Hôpital Charles Nicolle) Tel.: + 33 (0)2 35 88 44 00 Outside normal working hours please call the relevant Strasbourg (Hôpitaux Universitaires) Tel.: + 33 (0)3 88 37 37 37 authority. Toulouse (Hôpital de Purpan) Tel.: + 33 (0)5 61 77 74 47 4 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide Contents Purpose of this guide 4 A WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CHLOROFORM 6 A B FIRST LINE EMERGENCY DATA 7 B.1 - First aid information 8 B.2 - ID card 9 B.3 - Physical data 10 B.4 - Flammability data 11 B.5 - Toxicological data 12 B.6 - Ecotoxicological data 13 B B.7 - Persistence in the environment 14 B.8 - Classification 15 B.9 - Transportation, handling, storage 17 C RESULTS OF ACCIDENT SCENARIOS 19 C.1 - Reminder of properties 20 C.2 - Accident scenarios 21 C C.3 - Consumption scenarios 28 D RESPONSE 29 D.1 - Examples of spills 30 D.2 - Response recommendations 31 D.3 - Response techniques 33 D.4 - Choosing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 34 D.5 - Measuring devices and waste treatment 35 D E Further information 36 E.1 - Glossary 38 E.2 - Acronyms 40 E.3 - Useful websites 41 Cedre E.4 - Bibliography 42 Annex 43 E Classification of noxious liquid substances transported in bulk 44 5 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide What you need to know about chloroform A Definition (INRS 2006, INERIS 2005) Behaviour in the environment (INERIS 2005) Chloroform, a molecule of natural origin, is a colourless, volatile liquid. It can be obtained Chloroform readily evaporates from the by direct chlorination of methane. Its ethe- ground or hard surfaces. It is also very mobile real odour can be detected from 85 ppm. Its in soil, however it does not tend to accumu- solubility in freshwater is low (0.8% in weight late in the upper layers. It can however reach at 20°C), however it is miscible with most and contaminate groundwater by leaching. organic solvents such as fats, oils and resins. When spilt in water, chloroform will rapidly It is a noxious, irritating, non-flammable and sink due to its density (1.48). Although classed non-explosive substance. The fumes gener- as non-evaporating, dissolved chloroform ated by its decomposition are however toxic. tends to evaporate upon contact with air, or In the environment, 90% of chloroform emis- in agitated, shallow waters. sions are natural. Chloroform is not a bioaccumulable sub- Use (INRS 2006, INERIS 2005) stance. Chloroform is mainly used (around 75%) to produce chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-22) which is used as a refrigerant. In the pharma- ceutical industry, it is used to extract antibiot- ics, hormones, nicotine, quinine and vitamins. Essential oils and alkaloids can also be extract- ed with chloroform. In the plastics industry, chloroform acts as a solvent and purifying agent. Risks - Toxicity Chloroform is harmful if inhaled or swal- Cedre lowed. - Fire Chloroform is considered non-flammable. - Decomposition The fumes generated by the decomposition of chloroform during a fire are toxic. 6 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide First line emergency data B First aid information B1 ID card B2 Physical data B3 Flammability data B4 Toxicological data B5 Ecotoxicological data B6 Persistence in the environment B7 Classification B8 Cedre Transportation, handling, storage B9 7 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide First aid information (ARKEMA SDS, 2006; INRS, 2006) Immediately remove all soiled or spotted clothes, including shoes. Intoxication by inhalation - Remove the victim from the polluted area after having taken all the necessary precautions. - If the victim is unconscious, place them in the recovery position. - If the victim has stopped breathing, begin assisted respiration. B1 - Transfer to hospital. Skin contact - Remove contaminated clothing. - Immediately rinse the skin with plenty of water for 15 minutes. - Consult a doctor if skin lesions appear or in the case of extended or prolonged contamination. Eye contact - Immediately rinse the eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes. - Consult an ophthalmologist if symptoms appear (pain, redness or impaired sight). Intoxication by ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. - If the victim is conscious, rinse the mouth and lips with plenty of water. - If the victim is unconscious, place them in the recovery position. - If the victim has stopped breathing, begin assisted respiration. - Transfer to hospital. Cedre Where necessary, contact the nearest poison control centre (cf. page 4). 8 Chloroform Chemical Response Guide ID card Chloroform H Gross formula: CHCl 3 CI CI Semi-developed formula: CI Synonyms and trade names Trichloromethane, Haloform, Chloroform, Formyl trichloride, Methane trichloride, Methenyl trichloride, Methyl trichloride, Trichloroform, Freon 20, Refrigerant R20, Formylchlorid, HCC 20. Hazardous compounds to be listed on label: chloroform B2 Shipping name: chloroform Classification (EC regulation n° 1272/2008) Oral: Acute toxicity, 4, H302. Inhalation: Acute toxicity, 4, H332. Skin irritation, 2, H315. Eye irritation, 2, H319. Carcinogenicity, 2, H351. Reproductive toxicity, 2, H361d. Oral: Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure, 2, H373 Inhalation: Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure, 2, Liver, Kidney, H373 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure, 3, Central nervous system, H336 Classification (Directive 67/548/EEC)
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