List of Surface Tensions and Surface Energies
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Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
02/06/2019 12:05 PM Appendix 3745-21-09 Appendix A
ACTION: Final EXISTING DATE: 02/06/2019 12:05 PM Appendix 3745-21-09 Appendix A List of Organic Chemicals for which Paragraphs (DD) and (EE) of Rule 3745-21-09 of the Administrative Code are Applicable Organic Chemical Organic Chemical Acetal Benzaldehyde Acetaldehyde Benzamide Acetaldol Benzene Acetamide Benzenedisulfonic acid Acetanilide Benzenesulfonic acid Acetic acid Benzil Acetic Anhydride Benzilic acid Acetone Benzoic acid Acetone cyanohydrin Benzoin Acetonitrile Benzonitrile Acetophenone Benzophenone Acetyl chloride Benzotrichloride Acetylene Benzoyl chloride Acrolein Benzyl alcohol Acrylamide Benzylamine Acrylic acid Benzyl benzoate Acrylonitrile Benzyl chloride Adipic acid Benzyl dichloride Adiponitrile Biphenyl Alkyl naphthalenes Bisphenol A Allyl alcohol Bromobenzene Allyl chloride Bromonaphthalene Aminobenzoic acid Butadiene Aminoethylethanolamine 1-butene p-aminophenol n-butyl acetate Amyl acetates n-butyl acrylate Amyl alcohols n-butyl alcohol Amyl amine s-butyl alcohol Amyl chloride t-butyl alcohol Amyl mercaptans n-butylamine Amyl phenol s-butylamine Aniline t-butylamine Aniline hydrochloride p-tertbutyl benzoic acid Anisidine 1,3-butylene glycol Anisole n-butyraldehyde Anthranilic acid Butyric acid Anthraquinone Butyric anhydride Butyronitrile Caprolactam APPENDIX p(183930) pa(324943) d: (715700) ra(553210) print date: 02/06/2019 12:05 PM 3745-21-09, Appendix A 2 Carbon disulfide Cyclohexene Carbon tetrabromide Cyclohexylamine Carbon tetrachloride Cyclooctadiene Cellulose acetate Decanol Chloroacetic acid Diacetone alcohol -
Interstellar Formamide (NH2CHO), a Key Prebiotic Precursor
Interstellar formamide (NH2CHO), a key prebiotic precursor Ana López-Sepulcre,∗,y,z Nadia Balucani,{ Cecilia Ceccarelli,y Claudio Codella,x,y François Dulieu,k and Patrice Theulé? yUniv. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France zInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, F-38406 Saint-Martin d’Hères, France {Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy xINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze, Italy kUniversité de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France ?Aix-Marseille Université, PIIM UMR-CNRS 7345, 13397 Marseille, France E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Formamide (NH2CHO) has been identified as a potential precursor of a wide variety arXiv:1909.11770v1 [astro-ph.SR] 25 Sep 2019 of organic compounds essential to life, and many biochemical studies propose it likely played a crucial role in the context of the origin of life on our planet. The detection of formamide in comets, which are believed to have –at least partially– inherited their current chemical composition during the birth of the Solar System, raises the question whether a non-negligible amount of formamide may have been exogenously delivered onto a very young Earth about four billion years ago. A crucial part of the effort to 1 answer this question involves searching for formamide in regions where stars and planets are forming today in our Galaxy, as this can shed light on its formation, survival, and chemical re-processing along the different evolutionary phases leading to a star and planetary system like our own. -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS of PREPARING 2,2-DIPHENYL-3- TRILEMETHYL-4-Dimethylamino-BUTYRONI Earl M
Patented Aug. 19, 1952 2,607,794 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS OF PREPARING 2,2-DIPHENYL-3- TRILEMETHYL-4-DIMETHYLAMINo-BUTYRONI Earl M. Chamberlin, Rahway, and Max Tishler, Westfield, N.J., assignors to Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 9, 1949, Seria No. 86,596 6 Claims. (CL 260-465) . 2 This invention relates to the manufacture of dimethylamino-butyronitrile (compound 5). Compounds possessing analgesic and anesthetic These reactions may be chemically represented action. In particular, it is concerned with an as follows: improved synthetic method for preparing 2,2-di phenyl 3-methyl-4-dimethylamino - butyronia CH3CHOHCHCl + RSO: C1 - cHipHCHCI trile and With novel chemical compounds useful Öso, R. as intermediates in the preparation of this come (1) (2) (3) pound. , 2,2-diphenyl-3-methyl - 4-dimethylami (C6H5)2CHCN no-butyronitrile is itself an important interne NaNH diate in the Synthesis of isoamidone, 1-dimethyl O amino-2-methyl-3,3-diphenylhexanone - 4 and (CH3)NH SaltS thereof. ISOamidone and its salts possess (C.H.)--HCH.N(CH), --- (CH)--HCH.Cl analgesic action and may be used as substitutes CE CH: for morphine. - N N 2,2-diphenyl-3-methyl - 4 - dimethylamino 5 (5) (4) butyronitrile has been prepared previously by The organic Sulfonyl chloride employed in the reacting 1-dimethylamino-2-chloropropane with foregoing reaction can be either an aromatic diphenylacetonitrile as described by Schultz et al. Sulfonyl chloride such as p-toluene sulfonyl chlo (J. A. C. S. 69, 188-189, Jan. 1947). As pointed ride, benzene Sulfonyl chloride and the like, or out by these workers, however, when 2,2-di 20 an aliphatic Sulfonyl chloride such as methane phenyl - 3 - methyl - 4-dimethlamino-butyroni Sulfonyl chloride. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet Al
USOO74949.62B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 24, 2009 (54) SOLVENTS CONTAINING CYCLOAKYL (56) References Cited ALKYLETHERS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE ETHERS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3496,223 A * 2/1970 Mitchell et al. ............... 562/22 (75) Inventors: Idan Kin, Ottawa (CA); Genichi Ohta, Tokyo (JP); Kazuo Teraishi, Tokyo (JP); Kiyoshi Watanabe, Tokyo (JP) (Continued) (73) Assignee: Zeon Corporation, Tokyo (JP) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this EP 587434 A1 3, 1994 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 349 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 10/481,340 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 27, 2002 Edited by Kagaku Daijiten Henshu Iinkai, “Kagaku Daijiten 9”. (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP02/06501 Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., Aug. 25, 1962, p. 437, "Yozai'. (Continued) S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Sep. 24, 2004 Primary Examiner Gregory E Webb (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/002500 Birch, LLP PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 9, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data The present inventions are (A) a solvent comprising at least US 2005/OO65060A1 Mar. 24, 2005 one cycloalkyl alkyl ether (1) represented by the general O O formula: R1-O R2 (wherein R1 is cyclopentyl or the like: (30) Foreign Application Priority Data and R2 is C1-10 alkyl or the like); (B) a method of prepara Jun. 28, 2001 (JP) ............................. 2001-196766 tions the ethers (1) characterized by reacting an alicyclic Oct. -
A Brief Guide to Authors
Latvian Journal of Chemistry, No. 1/2, 2011, 139–144. DOI 10.2478/v10161-011-0059-3 CYCLODEHYDRATION OF DIOLS IN ACIDIC IONIC LIQUIDS E. Ausekle, A. Priksane, A. Zicmanis Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Kr. Valdemara Str. 48, Riga, LV-1013 e-mail: [email protected] In the presence of sulfonic acid group functionalized Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids, cyclodehydration of 1,2-ethanediol and 1,4-butanediol is investigated. The role of structure and catalytic activity of ionic liquids on the formation of cyclic ethers: 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran – is de- termined. Key words: acidic ionic liquids, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, cyclodehydration, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran. INTRODUCTION During the last decades, ionic liquids are extensively used in organic syn- thesis as solvents and catalysts [1, 2]. Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids (AILs) are used as substitutes of mineral and organic acids in acid-catalyzed reactions like esterification, etherification, pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement, condensation etc. [3–6]. Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids have good proton donor properties comparable with mineral acids. AILs as catalysts are non-corrosive, non-volati- le, immiscible with many organic solvents, and they can be recycled and reused [7]. To determine their productivity in diol cyclodehydration, two diols: 1,2- ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 1,4-butanediol are used. Cyclodehydration of both diols leads to formation of industrially significant cyclic ethers: 1,4-di- oxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF). 1,4-Dioxane and THF are widely used as organic solvents. Tetrahydrofuran is a useful solvent for organic synthesis, production of natural and synthetic resins, and also is a valuable intermediate in manufacture of a number of chemicals and plastics. -
1,4-Dioxane Priority Existing Chemical No
National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme 1,4-Dioxane Priority Existing Chemical No. 7 __________________________________ Full Public Report June 1998 © Commonwealth of Australia 1998 ISBN 0 642 47104 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from AusInfo. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Legislative Services, AusInfo, GPO Box 84, Canberra, ACT 2601. ii Priority Existing Chemical Number 7 Preface This assessment was carried out under the National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS). This Scheme was established by the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 (the Act), which came into operation on 17 July 1990. The principal aim of NICNAS is to aid in the protection of people at work, the public and the environment from the harmful effects of industrial chemicals, by assessing the risks associated with these chemicals. NICNAS is administered by the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC) and assessments are carried out in conjunction with Environment Australia (EA) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), who carry out the environmental and public health assessments, respectively. NICNAS has two major programs: one focusing on the risks associated with new chemicals prior to importation or manufacture; and the other focussing on existing chemicals already in use in Australia. As there are many thousands of existing industrial chemicals in use in Australia, NICNAS has an established mechanism for prioritising and declaring chemicals as Priority Existing Chemicals (PECs). This Full Public PEC report has been prepared by the Director (Chemicals Notification and Assessment) in accordance with the Act. -
Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study Of
Spectrochimica Acta Part A 79 (2011) 1034–1041 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/saa Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic study of solvatochromic curcumin dye ∗ Digambara Patra , Christelle Barakat Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Curcumin, the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric, has recently acquired attention by chemists Received 1 July 2010 due its wide range of potential biological applications as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, and an Accepted 13 April 2011 anti-carcinogenic agent. This molecule fluoresces weakly and poorly soluble in water. In this detailed study of curcumin in thirteen different solvents, both the absorption and fluorescence spectra of curcumin Keywords: was found to be broad, however, a narrower and simple synchronous fluorescence spectrum of curcumin Curcumin was obtained at = 10–20 nm. Lippert–Mataga plot of curcumin in different solvents illustrated two Solvent polarity E sets of linearity which is consistent with the plot of Stokes’ shift vs. the 30. When Stokes’s shift in SFS T wavenumber scale was replaced by synchronous fluorescence maximum in nanometer scale, the solvent max E polarity dependency measured by SFS vs. Lippert–Mataga plot or T30 values offered similar trends as max measured via Stokes’ shift for protic and aprotic solvents for curcumin. Better linear correlation of SFS vs. -
Surface Tension Study of Concentration Dependent Cluster Breaking in Acetone-Alcohol Systems
www.sciencevision.org Sci Vis 12 (3), 102-105 July-September 2012 Original Research ISSN (print) 0975-6175 ISSN (online) 2229-6026 Surface tension study of concentration dependent cluster breaking in acetone-alcohol systems Jonathan Lalnunsiama* and V. Madhurima Department of Physics, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796 004, India Received 19 April 2012 | Revised 10 May 2012 | Accepted 13 August 2012 ABSTRACT Alcohols are well-known for the formation of clusters due to hydrogen bonds. When a second mo- lecular species such as acetone is added to an alcohol system, the hydrogen bonds are broken lead- ing to a destruction of the molecular clusters. In this paper we report the findings of surface ten- sion study over the entire concentration region of acetone and six alcohol systems over the entire concentration range. The alcohols chosen were methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol and octanol. Surface tension was measured using the pendent drop method. Our study showed a specific molecular interaction near the 1:1 concentration of lower alcohols and acetone whereas the higher alcohols did not exhibit the same. Key words: Surface tension; hydrogen bond; alcohols; acetone. INTRODUCTION vent effects4 but such effects are important and hence there are many studies of hydrogen Alcohols are marked by their ability to bonds in solvents.5 Dielectric and calorimetric form hydrogen bonded clusters.1,2 The addi- studies of clusters in alcohols in carbon-tertra- tion of a second molecular species, whether chloride were attributed to homogeneous as- hydrogen-bonded or not, will change the in- sociations of the alcohol.6 For methanol in p- termolecular interactions in the alcohol sys- dioxane the chain-like clusters were seen to tem, especially by breaking of the hydrogen- form the networks and not cyclic structures.7 bonded clusters. -
Syntheses and Eliminations of Cyclopentyl Derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1966 Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Rausch, David John, "Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives " (1966). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2875. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66—6996 RAUSCH, David John, 1940- SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1966 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES by David John Rausch A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1966 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS VITA INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL Conformation of Cyclopentanes Elimination Reactions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Synthetic Elimination Reactions EXPERIMENTAL Preparation and Purification of Materials Procedures and Data for Beta Elimination Reactions SUMMARY LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii VITA The author was born in Aurora, Illinois, on October 24, 1940, to Mr. -
ETHYLENE GLYCOL: Environmental Aspects
This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 22 ETHYLENE GLYCOL: Environmental aspects First draft prepared by Dr S. Dobson, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Natural Environment Research Council, Huntingdon, United Kingdom Please note that the layout and pagination of this pdf file are not identical to those of the printed CICAD Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. World Health Organization Geneva, 2000 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 by UNEP, ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, WHO, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Participating Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase coordination in the field of chemical safety. -
Ethylene Glycol Ingestion Reviewer: Adam Pomerlau, MD Authors: Jeff Holmes, MD / Tammi Schaeffer, DO
Pediatric Ethylene Glycol Ingestion Reviewer: Adam Pomerlau, MD Authors: Jeff Holmes, MD / Tammi Schaeffer, DO Target Audience: Emergency Medicine Residents, Medical Students Primary Learning Objectives: 1. Recognize signs and symptoms of ethylene glycol toxicity 2. Order appropriate laboratory and radiology studies in ethylene glycol toxicity 3. Recognize and interpret blood gas, anion gap, and osmolal gap in setting of TA ingestion 4. Differentiate the symptoms and signs of ethylene glycol toxicity from those associated with other toxic alcohols e.g. ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol Secondary Learning Objectives: detailed technical/behavioral goals, didactic points 1. Perform a mental status evaluation of the altered patient 2. Formulate independent differential diagnosis in setting of leading information from RN 3. Describe the role of bicarbonate for severe acidosis Critical actions checklist: 1. Obtain appropriate diagnostics 2. Protect the patient’s airway 3. Start intravenous fluid resuscitation 4. Initiate serum alkalinization 5. Initiate alcohol dehydrogenase blockade 6. Consult Poison Center/Toxicology 7. Get Nephrology Consultation for hemodialysis Environment: 1. Room Set Up – ED acute care area a. Manikin Set Up – Mid or high fidelity simulator, simulated sweat if available b. Airway equipment, Sodium Bicarbonate, Nasogastric tube, Activated charcoal, IV fluid, norepinephrine, Simulated naloxone, Simulate RSI medications (etomidate, succinylcholine) 2. Distractors – ED noise For Examiner Only CASE SUMMARY SYNOPSIS OF HISTORY/ Scenario Background The setting is an urban emergency department. This is the case of a 2.5-year-old male toddler who presents to the ED with an accidental ingestion of ethylene glycol. The child was home as the father was watching him. The father was changing the oil on his car.