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A Study of Mortality Amongst the Anal Naga Tribe of Lambung Village, Chandel, Manipur

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A Study of Mortality Amongst the Anal Naga Tribe of Lambung Village, Chandel, Manipur [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 4 I OCT. – DEC. 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 A STUDY OF MORTALITY AMONGST THE ANAL NAGA TRIBE OF LAMBUNG VILLAGE, CHANDEL, MANIPUR L.Khiloni Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, South East Manipur College, Komlathabi, P.O.Pallel. Chandel District, Manipur-795135 Received: July 24, 2018 Accepted: October 06, 2018 ABSTRACT The Anal Naga Tribe is one of the Schedule Tribes of Manipur. They are confined mostly in Chandel District, Manipur. In the Present Study, Lambung Village is taken into account as being one of the biggest villages of the Anal Tribe. The main aim of the present study is to understand the mortality status of the Anals of Lambungvillage. Data were collected from the entire 200 households of the village. Various measures of mortalitywere noted as to reveal their mortality status. They are prenatal mortality, post natal mortality, Crude Death Rate (CDR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Age vis-à-vis Infant mortality and Causes of the offspring mortality. The crude Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate of the Anal Tribe arefound to be 2.9 and 90.9respectively. Of the deaths, prenatal mortality was highest (77.6%).Infant mortality was found to be higher among women of older age-groups. Of the causes of offspring mortality, death due to unknown is of the highest percentage frequency (51.5%) followed byjaundice and AIDS (12% each) and the least being shown by drown and stomach ailments (3% each). Keywords: Anal, CDR, IMR, Infant, Mortality, Neonatal and Prenatal. Introduction Mortality is a stage when a person ceases to live. It is one of the three components of population change, the other two being fertility, Mortality and Migration (Bhende and Kanitkar, 2004).It is one of the factors which influences the health of the mothers and puts a strain on the national medical and sanitary resources. The study of mortality is important to analyse current demographic conditions as well as for determining the prospects of potential changes in mortality conditions of the future. Mortality deals with the effects of death on population. The United Nations and the World Health Organization have defined death as follows: “Death is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after birth has taken place (post natal cessation of vital functions without capacity of resuscitation)”, United Nations, 1962. Manipur is one of the North Eastern States of India. The population of Manipur according to 2011 census report is 28, 55,794.The Anal Tribe is one of the recognised Scheduled Tribes of Manipur. In the present study, an attempt is made to derive the mortality status of the Anal children of Lambung village, Chandel, Manipur. Methods and Materials As for the data collection, interview schedule was formulated and applied. Door to door survey was conducted to collect the data. The present study consists of 181 households having 208 ever-married women. But detail information could be collected only from 200 ever-married women, who have experienced any live birth. Various mortality rates taken into account are given below 1. Crude Death Rate(CDR) It is the ratio of the total registered deaths of a specified year to the total mid-year population, multiplied by 1000.It is computed as follows: The total number of deaths registered during a calendar year CDR = ------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 1000 The total population at the middle of the year 2. Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) “Infants are defined in demography as an exact age group namely age ‘Zero’ or those children in the first year of life, who have not yet reached the age one.” Infant Mortality is the ratio of infant deaths registered in a calendar year to the total number of live births registered in the same year. It is computed as follows: The number of deaths below age one, registered during calendar year IMR = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 1000 Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 565헎 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 4 I OCT.– DEC. 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 The number of live births, registered during the same year Results and Discussions The collected data were analysed and discussed as follows: Table 1: Distribution of the Women Experienced Prenatal and Postnatal Mortality All age Prenatal(including Perinatal Neonatal Infant Early Total groups still birth) childhood Total 59 1 8 4 4 76 % 77.6 1.3 10.5 5.3 5.3 100.0 It is observed from the above table1 that, the percentage frequency of the prenatal death including still births is 77.6%.Perinatal death is 1.3%,Neonatal death is 10.5%,Infant and Early Childhood deaths is 5.3 % each. Hence it is found that prenatal death indicates the highest percentage frequency as compared to the other deaths. This could be due to lack of proper health care by the pregnant mothers. High prenatal mortality is also reported byMonishaBehal, 1997 and Maheo, 2004. Table 2: Distribution of CDR and IMR Name of the Population CDR IMR Present Study 2.9 90.9 Manipur(2011census report) 4.1 11 Table 2 shows the distribution of Crude Death Rate (CDR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of the Anal women of LambungVillage. The crude death rate and the infant mortality rate are found to be 2.9 and 90.9respectively. The Crude Death Rate of the present study is lesser to that of the Manipur population (4.1) while the Infant Mortality Rate is higher to that of the Manipur Population (11) according to the census report, 2011. Tabe 3: Decadal Age Cohort Wise Distribution of Prenatal Mortality Age No.of No. of Prenatal loss Percentage of cohort(yrs) women conceptions including still prenatal mortality birth 15-24 11 13 01 7.7 25-34 50 154 08 5.2 35-44 61 240 30 12.5 45-54 36 172 11 6.4 55-64 21 172 03 2.4 65+ 21 91 06 6.2 Total 200 797 59 7.4 The given table indicates the decadal age cohort wise distribution of prenatal mortality of the Analwomen. It is found that the percentage frequency of the prenatal mortality is the highest among the women of age group 35-44 years i.e. 12.5%.The lowest percentage frequency is found in the age group 55- 64 years (2.4%).The overall percentage frequency of the prenatal death is 7.4 %.Prenatal death of the Anal population is lower to that of the Mao tribe (13.6%), Maheo, 2004. Table 4: Decadal Age Cohort Wise Distribution of Infant Mortality Age No.of No.oflive Infant mortality(perinatal, Percentage of infant cohorts(yrs) women births neonatal& infant) mortality 15-24 11 13 - - 25-34 50 149 04 2.7 35-44 61 205 01 0.5 45-54 36 164 02 1.2 55-64 21 124 03 2.4 65+ 21 83 03 3.6 Total 200 738 13 1.8 Table 4 shows that the decadal age cohort wise distribution of infant mortality of the Analwomen. The infant mortality is found to be absent in the women of age group 15-24 years. The highest percentage frequency of the infant mortality is found in the women of age group 65 &above (3.6%).The overall percentage frequency of the infant mortality is 1.8%.The findings of the present study (1.8%) is lower to the findings of Maheo, 2004 amongst the Mao tribe (7.5%), Gangte, aKuki tribe in Manipur (3.18%) by Heman and Reddy, 1998 and Dalu of West GaroHills (10.36%) by Patra and Kapoor, 1996. 566헎 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 4 I OCT. – DEC. 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Table 5: Distribution of Infant Mortality vis-à-vis age of the Mother at Child Birth Age at child birth Total no. of live births Infant mortality(Perinatal,Neonatal& Infant) Percentage <19 01 00 0.0 20-29 62 03 4.8 30-39 179 02 1.1 >40 483 08 1.7 The above table 5 indicates the distribution of infant mortality vis-à-vis age of the mother at child birth. Infant mortality among women who gave birth below 19 years is found to be nil. It is found that infant mortality is higher among women who gave birth between 20-29 years (4.8%) which is followed by the women > 40 years (1.7%) and by women of 30 to 39 age groups (1.1).Hence it is found that Anal women between 30-39 and of more than 40 years are at the higher risk of suffering infant mortality than the other group of women. Table 6: Distribution of causes of death among the offspring of the Anal women. Causes of Perinatal Neonatal Infant Early Adult Total Percentage death childhood Diarrhoea/Dysentry - 02 - 1 - 03 9.1 Jaundice - 02 02 - - 04 12.1 AIDS - - - - 04 04 12.1 Stomach ailments - - - - 01 01 3.0 Accident/injuries - - - - 03 03 9.2 Drown - - - 01 - 01 3.0 Unknown 02 04 02 02 07 17 51.5 Total 02 08 04 04 15 33 Percentage 6.1 24.2 12.1 12.1 45.5 100.0 Table 6 shows the distribution of causes of death among the offspring of the Analwomen. Here it is found that Adult death is of the highest percentage frequency (45.5%) while the lowest percentage frequency is shown by perinatal death (6.1%).
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