Institutional and Governance Structure of Oman's Transport Sector

Public Disclosure Authorized

Institutional and Governance structure of Oman’s Transport Sector:

Challenges and Options for Reforms. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Synopsis of a review undertaken by the World Bank for the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the Sultanate of Oman TJaWbXlbe[ oef\ C9oendtje[ndtjsi

PrefaceFh[\WY[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 3) Acknowledgement:_iYbW_c[h$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 4* Glossary=beiiWho$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 5$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+ SYNOPSISIkccWho0>emj^[jhWdifehji[Yjeh_ieh]Wd_p[Z_dYWi[ijkZoYe ...... 6kdjh_[i$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$, Summary'$J^[9Wi[IjkZ_[i of Findings$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ and Recommendations...... 7'' 1.($=el[hdWdY[ Background $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$to the Paper ...... 13'( BackgroundM^Wj_i]el[hdWdY[ ...... 13$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ '( WhatI_]d_ÓYWdY[e\]el[hdWdY[ is governance? ...... 13$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ '( TheIjWj[h[]kbWj_ed analytical framework$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 13'+ 2. HowIjhkYjkh[e\fWf[h Oman’s Transport$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Sector Works ...... 15', )$JhWdifehj=el[hdWdY[Wjj^[C_d_ijhoB[l[bOman in brief ...... 15$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ '- Road9^_b[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ transport ...... 15'- Maritime<_dbWdZ$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ transport ...... 16'- PublicCeheYYe transport$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 16'. PlannedIekj^7\h_YW railway$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 17'/ MinistryIekjÂeh[W of Transport$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ and Communications ...... 17'/ Organization9eccedj^[c[i of functional$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ responsibilities in the sector ...... 18(& *$FehjiStrategy$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ and policy ...... 19(( Administrative8WYa]hekdZ$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ and regulatory ...... 19(( InfrastructureEh]Wd_pWj_edWdZcWdW][c[dje\fehji provision ...... 19$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ () Transport<_dWdY_d]e\j^[fehji[Yjeh service delivery ...... 20$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (* 3. DiagnosisFehjYedY[ii_edi of Issues$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 21(+ Introduction;Yedec_Yh[]kbWj_ed ...... 21$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (+ IssuesF[h\ehcWdY[e\j^[fehjii[Yjeh of scope ...... 21$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (+ +$HW_bmWoiIssues of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$structure ...... 24(. Policy8WYa]hekdZ issues$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ...... 25(. 4. Study4?fi`qfekXcXe[m\ik`ZXcj\gXiXk`fe Recommendations ...... 27$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (. Recommended4Cè\jf]Yljè\jj changes$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ in scope ...... 27(/ Recommended4IX`cnXpZfeZ\jj`fej changes$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ in MOTC structure ...... 29(/ RecommendedEh]Wd_pWj_edWdZcWdW][c[dje\hW_bmWoioij[ci areas for policy review ...... 35$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ )& New

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ThisJ^_ifWf[heh_]_dWj[Z_dWMehbZ8WdaijkZo\kdZ[ZWiWH[_cXkh paper originated in a World Bank study funded as a ReimbursableiWXb[7Zl_iehoI[hl_Y[iYedjhWYjm_j^ Advisory Services contract with j^[C_d_ijhoe\JhWdifehjWdZ9ecckd_YWj_edi"EcWd$J^[W_ce\the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Oman. The aim of j^[ijkZomWije_Z[dj_\oceh[[\ÓY_[djthe study was to identify more efﬁcient _dij_jkj_edWbWdZ]el[hdWdY[ijhkYjkh[ijecWdW][j^[jhWdifehjinstitutional and governance structures to manage the transport i[Yjeh_dEcWd$?j[dYecfWii[ZheWZsector in Oman. It encompassed road transport,jhWdifehj" maritime cWh_j_c[ transport, jhWdifehj" railways, hW_bmWoi" and WdZ road-based heWZ#XWi[Z public fkXb_Y transport.jhWdifehj$ Aviation 7l_Wj_ed and WdZ airports W_hfehji were m[h[ excluded[nYbkZ[Z\hecj^[iYef[e\j^[ijkZo$ from the scope of the study.

TheJ^[MehbZ8Wda^Wifh[fWh[Zj^_iikccWhofWf[he\j^[Z_W]dei_i World Bank has prepared this summary paper of the diagnosis WdZh[Yecc[dZWj_ediX[YWki[j^[and recommendations because the approachWffheWY^jWa[dWdZefj_edi[nfbeh[ZcWo^Wl[m_Z[h_dj[h[ijWdZ taken and options explored may have wider interest and Wffb_YWj_ed$J^[MehbZ8Wda[nj[dZiapplication. _jij^Wdaije7^c[ZX_dCe^Wcc[ZX_dIWb_cWb#

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This7MehbZ8Wdaj[Y^d_YWbj[Wcj^Wj_dYbkZ[ZP_WZDWaWjJhWdifehjFhe]hWc9eehZ_dWjeh\eh=99WdZJWia report was produced by a World Bank team led by Ziad Nakat (Transport Program Coordinator for the GulfJ[WcB[WZ[h ":7bcWhpekg@kd_ehFhe\[ii_edWbE\ÓY[h "FWkb7ceijhWdifehjijhWj[]oWdZ Cooperation Council and Senior Transport Specialist) and including Paul Amos (Transport Strategy andfeb_Yo "H_Y^WhZ8kbbeYahW_bmWoi "HeX_d9Whhkj^[hijhWdifehjWdZbe]_ij_Yi "7i_\

The7doÓdZ_d]i"_dj[hfh[jWj_edi"WdZYedYbki_edi[nfh[ii[Z^[h[_dWh[jêi[e\j^[WkjêhiWdZZedej team could not have produced this report without the excellent support and cooperation of Omani counterparts,d[Y[iiWh_boh[Ô[Yjj^[l_[mie\j^[MehbZ8Wda$D[_j^[hj^[MehbZ8Wdadehj^[Wkjêhi]kWhWdj[[j^[ through the various discussions, consultations, and information provided. TheWYYkhWYo team e\would Wdo therefore ZWjW eh ej^[h like to _d\ehcWj_ed express its YedjW_d[Zdeep gratitude _d j^_i to fkXb_YWj_edHis Excellency WdZ Dr. WYY[fj Ahmed de bin h[ifedi_X_b_jo Mohammed binm^Wjie[l[h\ehWdoYedi[gk[dY[e\j^[_hki[$ Salim Al Futaisi, the Minister of Transport for his leadership and vision. Many thanks are also extended to Eng. Salim bin Mohammed bin Abdullah al Nuaimi, Undersecretary for Transport, and Mr. Said bin Hamdoun bin Saif Al Harthi, Undersecretary for Ports and Maritime Affairs, for their guidance and insights.

The team would like to also thank Eng. Hanan Al Rahbi, General Director for Studies, and Mr. Affan Al Akhzami, Director of Planning and Development of Investment for the valuable discussions, time, and efforts they have provided to coordinate this study within the Ministry of Transport.

The team would also like to recognize the valuable meetings and contributions it received from the Supreme Council of Planning, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Ministry of Civil Services, the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources, the Ministry of Legal Affairs, the Municipality of Muscat, the Municipality of Dhofar, the Royal Oman Police Oman, the National Transport Company, the Omani Road Transport Association, the Directorate General of Customs, Sohar Port/Free Zone Company, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Research Council.

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IBRD 41617 52º E 54º E 56º E 58º E 60º E ISLAMIC Al Kasab Kumza REP. OF 26º N Bukha 26º N To Ra’s al-Khaymah Limah IRAN OMAN MUSANDAM To Fujairah - To Ra’s Madha al-Khaymah To To Fujairah Dubai Shinas Gulf of Oman

Al Liwa Mahdah Sohar AL BATINAH To Al-Buraimi Abu Dhabi AL As Sahm SOUTH 24º N Al Khabura 24º N AL Al Qabil BATINAH As Suwayq UNITED NORTH Barka Sib BURAIMI MUSCAT ARAB EMIRATES Dank Rustaq Nakhi MUSCAT A Awabi Qalhat l Ja Nida Ibri bal AD Jabal Shams al Ak Izki hdar (2,980 m.) Al Ulya To DHAHIRAH Nizwa Ha Qalhat An Nashshash Al Ibra ga Khuwayr r a Sur d Al Mintirib s- swa Sa A Adam Sanaw ASH rq i yn Al A Al AD SHARQIYAH Kamil Bilad Bani 22º N Jibal Ramlat Bu Ali 22º N DAKHLIYAH NORTH al-Wahiba Al Ashkharah allim us ASH M

a Umm as r SHARQIYAH SOUTH b Samim a n Sharkh SAUDI ARABIA

Barik Ramlat al-Gafa Muzibilat Filim Dawwah AL WUSTA Khalif Kalban Jazirat Masirah

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r ta Dauka Al Khahil aw n Kh Bi Fasad DHOFAR Ash Shisar Sawqirah To Shalim 18º N Sanaw Makinat a r Sihan u f Z Sharbithat OMAN Shuwamiyah Thamarit MAIN CITIES AND TOWNS Mudayy To Shihan Hasik GOVERNORATE CAPITALS bal al-Qara NATIONAL CAPITAL Ga Taqah Sadh GSDPM Map Design Unit REPUBLIC Salalah Mirbat This map was produced by RIVERS Rakhyut the Map Design Unit of The OF YEMEN World Bank. The boundaries, MAIN ROADS colors, denominations and 0 50 100 150 Kilometers any other information shown MAIN PORTS on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group, any judgment on the GOVERNORATE BOUNDARIES 0 50 100 Miles legal status of any territory, 16º N or any endorsement or INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES 52º E 54º E 56º E acceptance of such boundaries. MAY 2015

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