The Book of Overclocking—Tweak Your PC to Unleash Its Power

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Book of Overclocking—Tweak Your PC to Unleash Its Power The Book of Overclocking—Tweak Your PC to Unleash Its Power Scott Wainner Robert Richmond Copyright © 2003 No Starch Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – 06 05 04 03 Trademarked names are used throughout this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Publisher: William Pollock Editorial Director: Karol Jurado Cover and Interior Design: Octopod Studios Composition: 1106 Design, LLC Developmental Editor: Heather Bennett Proofreader: Robyn Brode Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Distributed to the book trade in the United States by Publishers Group West, 1700 Fourth Street, Berkeley, CA 94710; phone: 800-788-3123; fax: 510-658-1834. Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Jacqueline Gross & Associates, Inc., One Atlantic Avenue, Suite 105, Toronto, Ontario M6K 3E7 Canada; phone: 416-531- 6737; fax 416-531-4259. For information on translations or book distributors outside the United States and Canada, please see our distributors list in the back of this book or contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly: No Starch Press, Inc. 555 De Haro Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107 phone: 415-863-9900; fax: 415-863-9950; [email protected]; http://www.nostarch.com The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Wainner, Scott. The book of overclocking : tweak your PC to unleash its power / Scott Wainner and Robert Richmond. p. cm. Includes index. 1-886411-76-X 1. Microcomputers–Upgrading. 2. Computer organization. 3. High performance computing. I. Richmond, Robert, 1980-II. Title. TK7887 .W85 2003 621.39'16–dc21 Dedication For Bill Turney, Phyllis, and Robyn. —S.W. To Doreen, for believing in me. —R.R. About the Authors Scott Wainner founded SysOpt.com, one of the first PC hardware enthusiast sites, and ran it for seven years until in late 2001 he launched TechIMO.com, a knowledge- sharing community of PC hardware enthusiasts, gamers, and web developers. Wainner's opinions on overclocking have been cited by PC World, CNN, the Toronto Star, Entrepreneur Magazine, and countless hardware web sites. Robert Richmond's background experience in IT-related journalism extends to many well-recognized publications, such as SysOpt.com, SharkyExtreme, HardwareCentral, Romulus2, EarthWeb, and as a hardware editor for TechIMO.com. Robert holds Associate of Science degrees in Mathematics, Computer Sciences, and Scientific Application Development. Robert offers a rather untraditional approach to computers, as he is often more interested in "why" a device works rather than "how" it works. Chapter 1: What The Computer Industry Does Not Want You to Know Overview Everyone understands the potential for increased productivity or enhanced entertainment afforded through computers, but most users often view the technologies and hardware driving the phenomenal demand for desktop computers as "behind the scenes" components. Indeed, computers are often regarded as mysterious or even troublesome devices. A significant number of computer users do not understand the workings of a computer system's internal hardware beyond the minimal basics. This lack of knowledge is often a byproduct of the computer industry itself. Technology follows a consistent evolutionary path, with the arrival of new architectures and platforms every 6 to 12 months. The backlash of this process is the users’ inherent belief that systems are outdated as soon as they are purchased. This neverending cycle fuels the computer technology industry, thus leading to ever increasing costs associated with upgrades, or even complete system replacement. The upgrade cycle forces computer users into a price-concentric upgrade path based on what the industry wants the user to believe, thus leading to the increased demand for upgrades or system purchases. This model does not benefit the end user, as hardware costs are increasing at an exponential rate for those hoping to keep pace with the public relations hype generated by the industry. (The impact of the current industry model is not meant to be negative or malicious toward the end user; it is simply the marketing approach being adopted in nearly all industries these days.) In order to sustain their business models, many corporations within the computer industry often prey upon the fact that the vast majority of end users have limited hardware knowledge. The Book of Overclocking dispels the myths surrounding the politics of the technology business and fully equips you with a cost-effective alternative to upgrading by extending the life of your current hardware while increasing your satisfaction with your existing PC's level of performance. Why purchase expensive upgrades when increasing your current PC processor's clock speed could be the key to realizing your desired level of performance? Current Industry Players Many computing enthusiasts choose not to conform to the tech industry's upgrade path propaganda by implementing overclocking techniques. Overclocking is the process of increasing the speed or clock frequencies of devices, such as processors, beyond their factory defaults. Our primary concern in this book is with extending the processor (CPU) clock speed and examining the intricate relation it has with the computer system's other components. The procedures involved with the overclocking process can vary according to different system architectures, but the basic concepts remain essentially the same. We'll focus on desktop personal computing, with the IBM compatible being the dominant market player. The term IBM compatible has undergone a radical departure from the early days of desktop computing, but the fundamental concepts behind the technology remain essentially the same. The entire range of desktop systems once designated under the blanket umbrella of IBM compatibility can now be referenced to the base architecture being utilized, in this case, "x86," a derivative of the naming process applied to system architectures from the original 8086 in the early 1980s through the release of the 80486 nearly a decade later. While different manufacturers and developers have adopted various naming strategies to increase market differentiation, all current so-called IBM-compatible desktop platforms remain nothing more than extensions to the x86 core processor architecture. The market has witnessed the rise and fall of a variety of processor manufacturers over the years. The three remaining x86 market players are Intel Corporation, Advanced Micro Designs (AMD), and VIA Technologies, and their major product offerings are listed in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: Major Processor Manufacturers and Product Offerings Manufacturer Architecture MHz Rating Intel Corporation Pentium 60 – 200 MHz Pentium MMX 133 – 233 MHz Pentium Pro 150 – 200 MHz Pentium II 233 – 450 MHz Celeron 233 – 333 MHz Celeron A 300 – 533 MHz Pentium III Katmai 450 – 600 MHz Pentium III 500 – 1133 MHz Coppermine Celeron II 533 – 1100 MHz Pentium III Tualatin 1100+ MHz Celeron Hybrid 1200+ MHz Pentium 4 Willamette 1300 – 2000 MHz Pentium 4 Northwood 1600 – 3000+ MHz Pentium Xeon All Pentium Ranges Advanced Micro Designs K5 75 – 117 MHz K6 166 – 300 MHz K6-2 266 – 550 MHz K6-3 350 – 450 MHz K6-2/3+ 450 – 550 MHz Athlon K7 500 – 700 MHz Athlon K75 550 – 1000 MHz Athlon Thunderbird 600 – 1400 MHz Table 1-1: Major Processor Manufacturers and Product Offerings Manufacturer Architecture MHz Rating Athlon Duron 600 – 950 MHz Athlon 4/MP 1200 – 1400+ MHz Athlon Duron Morgan 1000+ MHz Athlon XP 1333+ MHz VIA Technologies/Cyrix/National 686 M1 80 – 150 MHz Semiconductor 686MX M2 133 – 300 MHz Cyrix III 350 – 450 MHz VIA C3 533 – 933+ MHz Intel remains the dominant player across all ranges of the desktop computing marketplace, and has retained its significant market share ever since the first implementation of its 8086 processor within IBM's earliest x86 desktop computing systems. The architectures driving competition from other manufacturers are extensions to technologies pioneered by Intel over the past 30 years. The Pentium 4 represents Intel's current flagship platform. The Pentium 4 platform is based on a radical departure from its earlier P6 architectures, though binary compatibility is maintained with nearly all 32-bit x86 programming code. The older P6 core technology is still represented through Intel's active support and manufacturing of the Pentium III and Celeron microprocessors. AMD has rapidly gained market share over the past decade due to its superb architectural designs and dedication to cost efficiency. This increased competition is a welcome addition to the computer markets, as AMD can effectively influence the pricing strategies across the entire microprocessor market, thus leading to decreases in end-user pricing due to increased competition for Intel's product offerings. AMD's core business model is based around the Athlon series microprocessor, which has undergone a multitude of revisions since its first inception just a few years ago. The Athlon remains the most efficient x86 architecture currently available in terms of raw per-MHz performance, regardless of the marketing hype and paranoia generated by competing manufacturers. The current AthlonXP, AMD's flagship product series, represents a pinnacle of x86 computing not even conceptualized just a decade ago.
Recommended publications
  • A Superscalar Out-Of-Order X86 Soft Processor for FPGA
    A Superscalar Out-of-Order x86 Soft Processor for FPGA Henry Wong University of Toronto, Intel [email protected] June 5, 2019 Stanford University EE380 1 Hi! ● CPU architect, Intel Hillsboro ● Ph.D., University of Toronto ● Today: x86 OoO processor for FPGA (Ph.D. work) – Motivation – High-level design and results – Microarchitecture details and some circuits 2 FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT6-LUT 6-LUT6-LUT 3 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 4 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 5 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 6 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Comparison of Different Microprocessors Used in Computer
    Analysis and Comparison of Different Microprocessors used in Computer Architecture Manoj Gyanani Computer Science Department San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 408-455-4128 [email protected] ABSTRACT low level activities. It mainly performs the task of uploading, In the current world, it’s almost impossible to imagine that someone downloading and recalling data into and from the memory card. can live without computers. Computers have become an electronic Apart from that it also does complex mathematical calculations device of almost every day use for individuals of every age. we within a single command. cannot imagine of advancements without computers. Hence it becomes very important to understand the principal running entity of 2.2 Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor the computer architecture. The microprocessor is the brain of a This processor is also called as RISC. These kinds of chips are made computer. it is a multipurpose, programmable device that according to the function in which the microprocessor can carry out accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions small things within a particular command. In this way it completes stored in its memory, and provides results as output. Hence, it is more commands at a faster rate. significant to analyze various processors and then compare them. So that we can know about pros and cons of different processors. We 2.3 Superscalar Processors have to select the best microprocessor and for that , it is really This is a processor that copies the hardware on the microprocessor important to analyze & make a comparison among them. Parameters for performing numerous tasks at a time.
    [Show full text]
  • Cash Flow Comparison
    國立政治大學商學院國際經營管理 英語碩士學位學程 International MBA Program College of Commerce National Chengchi University 碩士論文 治 Master政 ’s Thesis大 立 學 國 三大電腦晶片製造商之財務比較‧ ‧ A ComparisonN of Major Computer Chipset Vendors a y t t i Inio Financial Point of View s n r a e i v l C n heng chi U Student: Roger Chang Advisor: Professor James Liu 中華民國一百年六月 June 2011 三大電腦晶片製造商之財務比較 A Comparison of Major Computer Chipset Vendors In Financial Point of View 研究生: 張鼎昱 Student: Roger Chang 指導教授: 劉助 Advisor: Prof. James Liu 治 政 大 立 國立政治大學 商學院國際經營管理英語碩士學 學位學程 國 碩士論文 ‧ ‧ N a y t t A Thesis i i s o r Sunbmitted to International MBAe Program a i v l NationalC Chengchi nUniversity he i U in partial fulfillmentngch of the Requirements for the degree of Master in Business Administration 中華民國一百年六月 June 2011 i Abstract A Comparison of Major Computer Chipset Vendors In Financial Point of View By Roger Chang The goal of this master thesis is to analyze the治 three major chipset players in today’s Personal 政 大 Computer (PC) industry, while立 providing recommendations in different perspectives. One of the perspectives is from the investor’s point of view to single out a 學company with the most long term 國 investment value. The other is from each company’s management point of view to suggest for the ‧ areas of improvement for the companies. Two of the three companies discussed in this thesis are ‧ American-based global companiesN namely, Intel and AMD, while the other is a Taiwanese company: a y t t i VIA Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for AVX Workloads Using a Software-Based Reimplementation
    Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for AVX Workloads Using a Software-Based Reimplementation Bachelor’s Thesis submitted by cand. inform. Yussuf Khalil to the KIT Department of Informatics Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Frank Bellosa Second Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Karl Advisor: Mathias Gottschlag, M.Sc. May 03 – September 02, 2019 KIT – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own and that I did not use any source or auxiliary means other than these referenced. This thesis was carried out in accordance with the Rules for Safeguarding Good Scientic Practice at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Karlsruhe, September 2, 2019 Abstract While using the Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) on current Intel x86 pro- cessors allows for great performance improvements in programs that can be parallelized by using vectorization, many heterogeneous workloads that use both vector and scalar instructions expose degraded throughput when mak- ing use of AVX2 or AVX-512. This eect is caused by processor frequency reductions that are required to maintain system stability while executing AVX code. Due to the delays incurred by frequency switches, reduced clock speeds are attained for some additional time after the last demanding instruction has retired, causing code in scalar phases directly following AVX phases to be executed at a slower rate than theoretically possible. We present an analysis of the precise frequency switching behavior of an Intel Syklake (Server) CPU when AVX instructions are used. Based on the obtained results, we propose avxfreq, a software reimplementation of the AVX frequency selection mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Integrated Circuit/Microfluidic Chips for the Control of Living Cells and Ultra­Small
    Hybrid Integrated Circuit/Microfluidic Chips for the Control of Living Cells and Ultra­Small Biomimetic Containers A Dissertation Presented by David Aaron Issadore to The School of Engineering and Applied Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Applied Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2009 © 2009 by David Issadore All rights reserved. David Aaron Issadore Adviser: Robert Westervelt Hybrid Integrated Circuit/Microfluidic Chips for the Control of Living Cells and Ultra­Small Biomimetic Containers Abstract This thesis describes the development of a versatile platform for performing biology and chemistry experiments on a chip, using the integrated circuit (IC) technology of the commercial electronics industry. This work represents an important step towards miniaturizing the complex chemical and biological tasks used for diagnostics, research, and manufacturing into automated and inexpensive chips. Hybrid IC / microfluidic chips are developed in this thesis to simultaneously control many individual living cells and small volumes of fluid. Taking inspiration from cellular biology, phospholipid bilayer vesicles are used to package pL volumes of fluid on the chips. The chips can be programmed to trap and position, deform, set the temperature of, electroporate, and electrofuse living cells and vesicles. The fast electronics and complex circuitry of ICs enable thousands of living cells and vesicles to be simultaneously controlled on the chip, allowing many parallel, well‐controlled biological and chemical operations to be performed in parallel. iii The hybrid chips consist of a microfluidic chamber built directly on top of a custom IC, that uses integrated electronics to create local electric and magnetic fields above the chip’s surface.
    [Show full text]
  • System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification
    1 2 Document Number: DSP0134 3 Date: 2011-01-26 4 Version: 2.7.1 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Document Type: Specification 8 Document Status: DMTF Standard 9 Document Language: en-US 10 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 11 Copyright Notice 12 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2011 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 13 reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 23 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 24 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 25 incorporation
    [Show full text]
  • PCSA Oct 2001
    Understanding CPU Upgrades In theory, one way to t seems that every time a new software product is released the system require- ments are increased - everything from the hard drive capacity and CPU speed increase the performance of a Ito the required RAM. One of the apparently obvious ways to gain a speed PC with little effort is to increase is by upgrading the CPU. But such an upgrade isn’t always cost effective and in some cases simply increasing the available RAM can help considerably to upgrade the CPU. Surely it boost the apparent speed of the PC. Sometimes though the best (and maybe only) option is to upgrade the CPU, although this can be a more involved process than it can’t be that difficult? might at first seem due to socket/motherboard incompatibilities, differing CPU and Actually there’s lots to think RAM speed requirements, cooling problems and inevitably assorted knock-on effects causing the upgrade to be anything but cost effective. Also, it is worth about. remembering that just because the replacement CPU has, for example, double the clock rate of the old unit doesn’t necessarily mean that the new one will increase the By Phil Morris processing performance of the PC in question by anything like 100%. Technical Writer This article looks at some of the options for upgrading the CPUs in existing systems. It is extremely unlikely that recent processors like AMD’s Duron (and forthcoming Hammer) and Intel’s Pentium 4 and Itanium will require upgrading for some time, so I will omit those in the context of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of a Computer (Chapter 4) Vishwani D
    ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design Fall 2013 Performance of a Computer (Chapter 4) Vishwani D. Agrawal & Victor P. Nelson epartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Performance Fall 2013 . Lecture 1 What is Performance? Response time: the time between the start and completion of a task. Throughput: the total amount of work done in a given time. Some performance measures: MIPS (million instructions per second). MFLOPS (million floating point operations per second), also GFLOPS, TFLOPS (1012), etc. SPEC (System Performance Evaluation Corporation) benchmarks. LINPACK benchmarks, floating point computing, used for supercomputers. Synthetic benchmarks. ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Performance Fall 2013 . Lecture 2 Small and Large Numbers Small Large 10-3 milli m 103 kilo k 10-6 micro μ 106 mega M 10-9 nano n 109 giga G 10-12 pico p 1012 tera T 10-15 femto f 1015 peta P 10-18 atto 1018 exa 10-21 zepto 1021 zetta 10-24 yocto 1024 yotta ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Performance Fall 2013 . Lecture 3 Computer Memory Size Number bits bytes 210 1,024 K Kb KB 220 1,048,576 M Mb MB 230 1,073,741,824 G Gb GB 240 1,099,511,627,776 T Tb TB ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Performance Fall 2013 . Lecture 4 Units for Measuring Performance Time in seconds (s), microseconds (μs), nanoseconds (ns), or picoseconds (ps). Clock cycle Period of the hardware clock Example: one clock cycle means 1 nanosecond for a 1GHz clock frequency (or 1GHz clock rate) CPU time = (CPU clock cycles)/(clock rate) Cycles per instruction (CPI): average number of clock cycles used to execute a computer instruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Drmos King of Power-Saving
    Insist on DrMOS King of Power-saving Confidential Eric van Beurden / Feb 2009 /Page v1.0 1 EU MSI King of Power-saving What are the power-saving components and technologies from MSI? 1. DrMOS 2. APS 3. GreenPower design 4. Hi-c CAP Why should I care about power-saving? 1. Better earth (Think about it! You can be a hero saving it !) 2. Save $$ on the electricity bill 3. Cool running boards 4. Better overclocking Confidential Page 2 MSI King of Power-saving Is DrMOS the name of a MSI heatpipe? No! DrMOS is the cool secret below the heatpipe, not the heatpipe itself. Part of the heatpipe covers the PWM where the DrMOS chips are located. (PWM? That is technical stuff, right ? Now you really lost me ) Tell me, should I write DRMOS, Dr. MOS or Doctor Mos? The name comes from Driver MOSFET. There is only one correct way to write it; “DrMOS”. Confidential Page 3 MSI King of Power-saving So DrMOS is a chip below the heatpipe? Yes, DrMOS is the 2nd generation 3-in-1 integrated Driver MOSFET. It combines 3 PWM components in one. (Like triple core…) 1. Driver IC 2. Bottom-MOSFET 3. Top-MOSFET Confidential Page 4 MSI King of Power-saving Is MSI the first to use DrMOS on it’s products? DrMOS is an integrated MOSFET design proposed by Intel in 2004. The first to use a 1st generation Driver Mosfet on a 8-Phase was Asus Blitz Extreme. This 1st generation had some problems and disadvantages. These are all solved in the 2nd generation DrMOS which we use exclusive on MSI products.
    [Show full text]
  • P5W64 WS Professional
    P5W64 WS Professional Motherboard E2846 Second Edition V2 September 2006 Copyright © 2006 ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup purposes, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”). Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired, modified or altered, unless such repair, modification of alteration is authorized in writing by ASUS; or (2) the serial number of the product is defaced or missing. ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE FURNISHED FOR INFORMATIONAL USE ONLY, AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY ASUS. ASUS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE DESCRIBED IN IT.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication Theory II
    Microprocessor (COM 9323) Lecture 2: Review on Intel Family Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt Feb 17th, 2016 1 Text Book/References Textbook: 1. The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 8th edition, Barry B. Brey, Prentice Hall, 2009 2. Assembly Language for x86 processors, 6th edition, K. R. Irvine, Prentice Hall, 2011 References: 1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th edition, J. Hennessy, D. Patterson, Elsevier, 2012. 2. The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 3. The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing, 4th edition, M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi, Prentice Hall, 2003 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the various 80X86 and Pentium family members 2. Define the contents of the memory system in the personal computer 3. Convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Differentiate and represent numeric and alphabetic information as integers, floating-point, BCD, and ASCII data 5. Understand basic computer terminology (bit, byte, data, real memory system, protected mode memory system, Windows, DOS, I/O) 3 Brief History of the Computers o1946 The first generation of Computer ENIAC (Electrical and Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was started to be used based on the vacuum tube technology, University of Pennsylvania o1970s entire CPU was put in a single chip. (1971 the first microprocessor of Intel 4004 (4-bit data bus and 2300 transistors and 45 instructions) 4 Brief History of the Computers (cont’d) oLate 1970s Intel 8080/85 appeared with 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus and used from traffic light controllers to homemade computers (8085: 246 instruction set, RISC*) o1981 First PC was introduced by IBM with Intel 8088 (CISC**: over 20,000 instructions) microprocessor oMotorola emerged with 6800.
    [Show full text]
  • Website Designing, Overclocking
    Computer System Management - Website Designing, Overclocking Amarjeet Singh November 8, 2011 Partially adopted from slides from student projects, SM 2010 and student blogs from SM 2011 Logistics Hypo explanation Those of you who selected a course module after last Thursday and before Sunday – Apologies for I could not assign the course module Bonus deadline for these students is extended till Monday 5 pm (If it applies to you, I will mention it in the email) Final Lab Exam 2 weeks from now - Week of Nov 19 Topics will be given by early next week No class on Monday (Nov 19) – Will send out relevant slides and videos to watch Concerns with Videos/Slides created by the students Mini project Demos: Finish by today Revision System Cloning What is it and Why is it useful? What are different ways of cloning the system? Data Recovery Why is it generally possible to recover data that is soft formatted or mistakenly deleted? Why is it advised not to install any new software if data is to be recovered? Topics For Today Optimizing Systems Performance (including Overclocking) Video by Vaibhav, Shubhankar and Mukul - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEaORH5YP0Y&feature=youtu.be Creating a basic website A method of pushing the basic hardware components beyond the default limits Companies equip their products with such bottle-necks because operating the hardware at higher clock rates can damage or reduce its life span OCing has always been surrounded by many baseless myths. We are going to bust some of those. J Slides from Vinayak, Jatin and Ashrut (2011) The primary benefit is enhanced computer performance without the increased cost A common myth is that CPU OC helps in improving game play.
    [Show full text]