DOCSLIB.ORG

Zakhor Nishmat Avotenu Schouten 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zakhor Nishmat Avotenu Schouten 2 Zakhor Nishmat Avotenu Schouten 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the memorbukh of the Jewish community that lived in the Dutch village Oisterwijk, Brabant. The book was written in 1770 as part of a protocol book by the community’s rabbi Yekutiel Ziskind, who had come to Oisterwijk in 1769. The genre of memorbikher started as a way to respond to the large-scale persecutions of Jews in the times of the First Crusade in 1096, the Rindfleisch-persecutions in 1298, and the persecutions in the time of the Black Death in 1348/9. Members of Jewish communities that suffered during those persecutions were commemorated for their sufferings and perseverance. In the late medieval and early modern period, the genre of memorbikher was incorporated within the liturgy of Ashkenazic synagogues. This thesis describes the memorbukh from Oisterwijk as an example of an early modern memorbukh by comparing it to other memorbikher of the time. It argues that the author of this memorbukh wrote it in order to bind together his new community. The community in Oisterwijk was a relatively young community, as members had begun to arrive in Oisterwijk only in the 1650s. The author therefore wanted to create a new communal memory that would bind together all the members, despite their different backgrounds. Keywords: Pinkassim, Memorbikher, Jewish memorial books, Yiddish manuscripts. Schouten 3 Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................5 List of Transcription Symbols .................................................................................................6 Chapter 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................8 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................8 1.2 State of Research on Memorbikher ................................................................................9 1.2.1 Memorbikher within the Field of Jewish Memory Studies .......................................9 1.2.2 Research on Memorbikher ....................................................................................10 1.2.3 Dutch Memorbikher ..............................................................................................13 1.2.4 State of Research on the Jewish Community in Oisterwijk ....................................13 1.3 Research Questions .....................................................................................................14 1.4 Introduction of Sources ...............................................................................................15 1.4.1 Documents of the Community ..............................................................................15 1.4.2 Corpus of Other Memorbikher ..............................................................................16 1.4.3 Corpus of Historical Chronicles ............................................................................17 Chapter 2. ‘More than this Provincial Town’: Paratexts and Spatial Connections in the Martyrology .........................................................................................................................19 2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................19 2.1.1 General Characteristics of the Genre .....................................................................19 2.2 Paratexts of the OM: Title Page and Introduction ........................................................20 2.2.1 Paratexts within Yiddish Book Studies..................................................................20 2.2.2 Paratext of Memorbikher ......................................................................................21 2.2.3 Prayers Accompanying Memorbikher ...................................................................24 2.3 The Place Names in the Martyrology ...........................................................................26 2.3.1 Martyrology of the OM .........................................................................................27 2.3.2 Spatial Connections ..............................................................................................29 2.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................31 Chapter 3. ‘Connecting this Small Corner of the World’: The Necrology of the OM, its Sources and the Later Additions ...........................................................................................32 Introduction ......................................................................................................................32 3.1 Introduction to the Necrology ......................................................................................32 3.2 The First Part of the Necrology ...................................................................................33 3.2.1 The Martyrs in the Necrology ...............................................................................33 Schouten 4 3.2.2 The Scholars .........................................................................................................34 3.2.3 Sources of the Necrology ......................................................................................35 3.2.4 Spatial Connections in the Necrology ...................................................................40 3.2.5 The Local Benefactors ..........................................................................................40 3.3 Later Part of Memorbukh ............................................................................................42 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................45 Chapter 4. Bekol Tefutsot Yisrael: The Liturgical Implementation of the OM and its Function as a Memory of the Kehilla. ..................................................................................................47 Introduction ......................................................................................................................47 4.1 The Oisterwijk Pinkassim ............................................................................................47 4.1.2 Minhagim .............................................................................................................48 4.1.3 Takkanot ...............................................................................................................50 4.1.4 The OM as part of the Minhagim and Takkanot ....................................................51 4.2 The Liturgical Implementation of the OM ...................................................................52 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................53 Chapter 5. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................54 Introduction ......................................................................................................................54 5.1 The OM as an Early Modern Memorbukh ...................................................................54 5.2 The Martyrology: Creating a Memory for Brabant Jewry ............................................55 5.3 The Necrology: The Unity of Jewish Tradition and Scholarship ..................................55 5.4 The use of the OM within the Kehilla of Oisterwijk ....................................................56 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................56 Suggestions for Further Research ......................................................................................57 Bibliography.........................................................................................................................59 Primary Sources ................................................................................................................59 Archive Material ...............................................................................................................59 Secondary Sources ............................................................................................................60 Appendices ...........................................................................................................................63 Appendix A: Table with the Paratexts of all Memorbikher ................................................63 Appendix B: Map of Place Names Mentioned in the Martyrology .....................................65 Appendix C: Martyrology of the OM ................................................................................66 Appendix D: Necrology of OM .........................................................................................69 Schouten 5 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor, Dr Wallet, for his continuous involvement and assistance. Receiving his guidance and feedback has been very helpful during the process of research, translating the memorbukh and writing the thesis. In addition, I want to mention Dr Neudecker, who taught me Hebrew at Leiden University,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Groningen Making Jews Dutch Rädecker, Tsila Shelly
    University of Groningen Making Jews Dutch Rädecker, Tsila Shelly IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2015 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Rädecker, T. S. (2015). Making Jews Dutch: Secular discourse and Jewish responses, 1796-1848. University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 29-09-2021 Chapter two Civilizing the Jews: The reform of language, education, and religion Yes, that Hamankloppen! Haman, was that not the age-old personification of the Jew- hater? When the megille was read on Purim and his name reverberated, then the Jew expressed his feelings through loud knocking.
    [Show full text]
  • Moses Hayim Luzzatto's Quest for Providence
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 'Like Iron to a Magnet': Moses Hayim Luzzatto's Quest for Providence David Sclar Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/380 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “Like Iron to a Magnet”: Moses Hayim Luzzatto’s Quest for Providence By David Sclar A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 David Sclar All Rights Reserved This Manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the Dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Prof. Jane S. Gerber _______________ ____________________________________ Date Chair of the Examining Committee Prof. Helena Rosenblatt _______________ ____________________________________ Date Executive Officer Prof. Francesca Bregoli _______________________________________ Prof. Elisheva Carlebach ________________________________________ Prof. Robert Seltzer ________________________________________ Prof. David Sorkin ________________________________________ Supervisory Committee iii Abstract “Like Iron to a Magnet”: Moses Hayim Luzzatto’s Quest for Providence by David Sclar Advisor: Prof. Jane S. Gerber This dissertation is a biographical study of Moses Hayim Luzzatto (1707–1746 or 1747). It presents the social and religious context in which Luzzatto was variously celebrated as the leader of a kabbalistic-messianic confraternity in Padua, condemned as a deviant threat by rabbis in Venice and central and eastern Europe, and accepted by the Portuguese Jewish community after relocating to Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • SHABBETAI TZVI the Biggest Hoax in Jewish History Nathan the Prophet and Tzvi the Messiah
    1 SHABBETAI TZVI The Biggest Hoax in Jewish History While faith in the coming of the messiah is a linchpin of Judaism, Jews have traditionally taken a patient, quiet approach to their messianic beliefs. Since the devastation wreaked by false messiah Bar Kochba and his rebellion against the Romans, and the centuries of persecution caused by another messianic movement — Christianity — Jews have been understandably suspicious about anyone’s claim to be God’s anointed. The rabbis of the Talmud went so far as to introduce specific prohibitions against messianic agitation, instituting the “three oaths” which prohibited any attempt to “force the end” by bringing the messiah before his allotted time (Babylonian Talmud. Yet in the mid-17th century, belief in the false messiah Shabbetai Tzvi spread like wildfire throughout the Jewish world, sweeping up entire communities and creating a crisis of faith unprecedented in Jewish history. Shabbetai Tzvi was said to be born on the 9th of Av in 1626, to a wealthy family of merchants in Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey). He received a thorough Talmudic education and, still in his teens, was ordained as a hakham — a member of the rabbinic elite. However, Shabbetai Tzvi was interested less in Talmud than in Jewish mysticism. Starting in his late teens he studied kabbalah, attracting a group of followers whom he initiated into the secrets of the mystical tradition. Shabbetai Tzvi battled with what might now be diagnosed as severe bipolar disorder. He understood his condition in religious terms, experiencing his manic phases as moments of “illumination” and his times of depression as periods of “fall,” when God’s face was hidden from him.
    [Show full text]
  • Repositioning of the Global Epicentre of Non-Optimal Cholesterol
    Article Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)* Received: 18 October 2019 Accepted: 2 April 2020 High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western 1,2 Published online: 3 June 2020 countries . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering Open access medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of Check for updates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk— changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • A Clergy Resource Guide
    When Every Need is Special: NAVIGATING SPECIAL NEEDS IN A CONGREGATIONAL SETTING A Clergy Resource Guide For the best in child, family and senior services...Think JSSA Jewish Social Service Agency Rockville (Wood Hill Road), 301.838.4200 • Rockville (Montrose Road), 301.881.3700 • Fairfax, 703.204.9100 www.jssa.org - [email protected] WHEN EVERY NEED IS SPECIAL – NAVIGATING SPECIAL NEEDS IN A CONGREGATIONAL SETTING PREFACE This February, JSSA was privileged to welcome 17 rabbis and cantors to our Clergy Training Program – When Every Need is Special: Navigating Special Needs in the Synagogue Environment. Participants spanned the denominational spectrum, representing communities serving thousands throughout the Washington region. Recognizing that many area clergy who wished to attend were unable to do so, JSSA has made the accompanying Clergy Resource Guide available in a digital format. Inside you will find slides from the presentation made by JSSA social workers, lists of services and contacts selected for their relevance to local clergy, and tachlis items, like an ‘Inclusion Check‐list’, Jewish source material and divrei Torah on Special Needs and Disabilities. The feedback we have received indicates that this has been a valuable resource for all clergy. Please contact Rabbi James Kahn or Natalie Merkur Rose with any questions, comments or for additional resources. L’shalom, Rabbi James Q. Kahn, Director of Jewish Engagement & Chaplaincy Services Email [email protected]; Phone 301.610.8356 Natalie Merkur Rose, LCSW‐C, LICSW, Director of Jewish Community Outreach Email [email protected]; Phone 301.610.8319 WHEN EVERY NEED IS SPECIAL – NAVIGATING SPECIAL NEEDS IN A CONGREGATIONAL SETTING RESOURCE GUIDE: TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: SESSION MATERIALS FOR REVIEW PAGE Program Agenda .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hakham Jacob Sasportas and the Former Conversos
    STUDIA ROSENTHALIANA 44 (2012), 149-172 doi: 10.2143/SR.44.0.2189614 Hakham Jacob Sasportas and the Former Conversos MATT GOLDISH AKHAM JACOB SASPORTAS (1610-1698) is best known for his battle H against the followers of the messiah Shabbatai Zvi in 1665-66, but he was an important figure for many other reasons as well. Sasportas was, for example, the only rabbi to serve (or at least live) in all the major centers of the Western Sephardi diaspora: Amsterdam, London, Hamburg, and Livorno. Before he ever arrived in Europe he had a distinguished rabbinic career in North Africa. He left behind important responsa and letters which throw light on a number of historical topics. One of these is the encounter between the traditional rabbinate and the cadre of for- mer conversos who escaped the Iberian Peninsula to create new lives as Jews in Western Europe. Yosef Kaplan has made the exploration of these communities the center of his scholarly endeavors for four decades. He has demonstrated that the communities of Western Sephardim looked like other Sephardic communities but operated very differently under the surface. Sasportas was a thoroughly traditional rabbi who took the respect of the rabbinate and rabbinic tradition with the utmost serious- ness. What happened when such a figure encountered communities of people who had grown up as Christians and subsequently created their own version of a Jewish community as they saw fit? Life Sasportas’s biography is an important key to many aspects of his activi- ties and attitudes. He came from one of the most respected and influen- tial Jewish families in North Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Countries
    POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES POWER, COMMUNICATION, POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES The Nordic countries are stable democracies with solid infrastructures for political dia- logue and negotiations. However, both the “Nordic model” and Nordic media systems are under pressure as the conditions for political communication change – not least due to weakened political parties and the widespread use of digital communication media. In this anthology, the similarities and differences in political communication across the Nordic countries are studied. Traditional corporatist mechanisms in the Nordic countries are increasingly challenged by professionals, such as lobbyists, a development that has consequences for the processes and forms of political communication. Populist polit- ical parties have increased their media presence and political influence, whereas the news media have lost readers, viewers, listeners, and advertisers. These developments influence societal power relations and restructure the ways in which political actors • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, & Lars Nord • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard communicate about political issues. This book is a key reference for all who are interested in current trends and develop- ments in the Nordic countries. The editors, Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, and Lars Nord, have published extensively on political communication, and the authors are all scholars based in the Nordic countries with specialist knowledge in their fields. Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Nordicom is a centre for Nordic media research at the University of Gothenburg, Nordicomsupported is a bycentre the Nordic for CouncilNordic of mediaMinisters. research at the University of Gothenburg, supported by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • Maimonides' Highest Level of Tzedakah: Loans, Jobs and Business Partnerships
    Maimonides' Highest Level of Tzedakah: Loans, Jobs and Business Partnerships Noam Zion Hartman Institute – excerpted from: Jewish Giving in Comparative Perspectives: History and Story, Law and Theology, Anthropology and Psychology Book Two: To Each according to one’s Social Needs: The Dignity of the Needy from Talmudic Tzedakah to Human Rights Previous Books: A DIFFERENT NIGHT: The Family Participation Haggadah By Noam Zion and David Dishon LEADER'S GUIDE to "A DIFFERENT NIGHT" By Noam Zion and David Dishon A DIFFERENT LIGHT: Hanukkah Seder and Anthology including Profiles in Contemporary Jewish Courage By Noam Zion A Day Apart: Shabbat at Home By Noam Zion and Shawn Fields-Meyer A Night to Remember: Haggadah of Contemporary Voices Mishael and Noam Zion [email protected] www.haggadahsrus.com "If the people can be educated to help themselves, we strike at the root of many of the evils of the world. ... Men who are studying the problem of disease tell us that it is becoming more and more evident that the forces which conquer sickness are within the body itself and that it is only when these are reduced below the normal that disease can get a foothold. The way to ward off disease, therefore, is to tone up the body."i (John D. Rockefeller) "In bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves; to provide part of the means by which those who desire to improve may do so; to give those, who desire to rise, the aids by which they may rise; to assist, but rarely or never to do all.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} Berakhot Kindle
    BERAKHOT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz | 760 pages | 07 Jun 2012 | Koren Publishers | 9789653015630 | English | Jerusalem, Israel Berakhot PDF Book Let the tanna teach regarding the recitation of the morning Shema first. The recital of the tefillah is then dealt with on similar lines and its wording is discussed. Because it says: And thou shalt eat and be satisfied and bless. In this case, the debate is over which blessing to recite after consuming one of the seven species, the staple foods of ancient Israel that the rabbis considered to have a special spiritual status because of their association with the Holy Land. In Epstein, I. Chapter Eight, in which, incidental to the discussion of blessings associated with a meal, a list of disputes between Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel with regard to appropriate conduct at a meal and the halakhot of blessings is cited. Moses went and said to Israel: Is Bezalel suitable in your eyes? Give Feedback. Rambam Sefer Ahava , Hilkhot Tefilla ch. Seeing that a gonorrhoeic person who has an emission, although a ritual ablution is useless in his first condition, was yet required by the Rabbis to take one, how much more so a woman who becomes niddah during sexual intercourse, for whom in her first condition a ritual ablution was efficacious! XXII, If, as mentioned above, the halakhic portion directed us from the abstract to the concrete, the direction provided by the aggadic section is from the concrete to the abstract. Which proves that the grace before food is not Biblical. Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages.
    [Show full text]
  • Prager-Shabbat-Morning-Siddur.Pdf
    r1'13~'~tp~ N~:-t ~'!~ Ntf1~P 1~n: CW? '?¥ '~i?? 1~~T~~ 1~~~ '~~:} 'tZJ... :-ttli3i.. -·. n,~~- . - .... ... For the sake of the union of the Holy One Blessed Be He, and the Shekhinah I am prepared to take upon myself the mitzvah You Shall Love Your Fellow Person as Yourself V'ahavta l'rey-acha kamocha and by this merit I open my mouth. .I ....................... ·· ./.· ~ I The P'nai Or Shabbat Morning Siddur Second Edition Completed, with Heaven's Aid, during the final days of the count of the Orner, 5769. "Prayer can be electric and alive! Prayer can touch the soul, burst forth a creative celebration of the spirit and open deep wells of gratitude, longing and praise. Prayer can connect us to our Living Source and to each other, enfolding us in love and praise, wonder and gratitude, awe and thankfulness. Jewish prayer in its essence is soul dialogue and calls us into relationship within and beyond. Through the power of words and melodies both ancient and new, we venture into realms of deep emotion and find longing, sorrow ,joy, hope, wholeness, connection and peace. When guided by skilled leaders of prayer and ritual, our complacency is challenged. We break through outworn assumptions about God and ourselves, and emerge refreshed and inspired to meet the challenges OUr lives offer." (-from the DLTI brochure, by Rabbis Marcia Prager and Shawn Israel Zevit) This Siddur was created as a vehicle to explore how traditional and novel approaches to Jewish prayer can blend, so that the experience of Jewish prayer can be renewed, revitalized and deepened.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/29876 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2016-01-28 and may be subject to change. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1 1.1 AIM OF THIS STUDY...................................................................................... 2 1.2 RELEVANCE ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 METHOD AND SCOPE.................................................................................... 5 1.4 FORMALISM AND NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS............................................. 6 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THIS THESIS.................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 THE SPELLING OF NATIVE WORDS ................................. 9 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 9 2.2 DUTCH PHONEMES, GRAPHEMES AND THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THEM .......................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Dutch phonemes .................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 Dutch graphemes............................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Sound-letter correspondences ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Daf Ditty Pesachim 118: Hallel Ha-Gadol
    Daf Ditty Pesachim 118: Hallel Ha-Gadol Psalm 117, f. 21r in Passover Haggadah, with ritual instructions in French (Bouton Haggadah) Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B315 Expanses, expanses, Expanses divine my soul craves. Confine me not in cages, Of substance or of spirit. My soul soars the expanses of the heavens. Walls of heart and walls of deed Will not contain it. Morality, logic, custom - My soul soars above these, Above all that bears a name, 1 Above all that is exalted and ethereal. I am love-sick - I thirst, I thirst for God, As a deer for water brooks. Rav Kook, Chadarav, p. 391 They pour for him the third cup and he says grace after his meal. The fourth, and he concludes on it the Hallel and says on it the Blessing of the Song. Between these cups he may drink if he chooses, but between the third and the fourth he should not drink. Rabbi Simchah Roth writes:2 1: In the Gemara [Pesachim 117b] we are told that each of the four cups of wine during the Seder is designated for a certain mitzvah. The first is for Kiddush, the second is for the 'telling' (the 'haggadah'), the third is for Grace After Meals, and the fourth is for the Hallel. 2: In the Gemara [Pesachim 118a] a baraita is quoted: On the fourth [cup] he concludes the Hallel and recites the Great Hallel... The Great Hallel is then identified as Psalm 136, which includes the phrase 'for His kindness is everlasting' twenty-six times. (This is the view of Rabbi Tarfon, which is accepted; another view is also quoted in the baraita according to which the Great Hallel is Psalm 23.) More than one reason is offered for the inclusion of Psalm 136; the most appealing is probably that offered by Rabbi Yoĥanan: because God sits in his highest heaven and allocates food for each creature.
    [Show full text]