Teaching Information Ethics in Library and Information
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TEACHING INFORMATION ETHICS IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES SCHOOLS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA BY MAINA, JAN E CHERONO A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY, RECORDS MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION STUDIES SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCES MOI UNIVERSITY ELDORET 2015 ii DECLARATION Declaration by The Candidate I declare that this thesis is my original work and that it has not been presented for a degree in any other university or any other award. Jane Cherono Maina ………………………………… Date……………………. Declaration by Supervisors. The undersigned certify that they have read and hereby recommend for acceptance of Moi University a thesis entitled “Teaching Information Ethics in information Science Schools in Public Universities in Kenya.” Prof. Japheth Otike ………………………………… Date……………………. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya Dr. Damaris Odero ………………………………… Date……………………. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya iii DEDICATION Dedicated to my husband Patrick Rotich and our children Kelvin, Deborah, Kenneth and Gideon. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost acknowledgement is to the almighty God for granting me the privilege to undertake the doctoral studies. May He grant us the opportunity to further and implement the ideas brought forward by this study. To you be the glory, Amen. My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors Prof. Japheth Otike and Dr. Damaris Odero for their encouragement, insightful guidance and the intellectual excursions into this research. Their wealth of knowledge together with constant support and encouragement worked towards the completion of this work. I would also wish to appreciate all the people who participated in the study during data collection and pre-testing of data collection instruments. Special thanks to the heads of department and lecturers who provided information regarding Library and Information Science (LIS) curriculum and information ethics courses, which was very useful to this study. Thanks to all the class representatives who assisted in distributing questionnaires to their colleagues. I thank all the staff in the School of Information Sciences at Moi University for the assistance they accorded me during this study. Special thanks to the Department of Library, Records Management and Information Studies for all the support in making this study a reality. I am grateful to my fellow classmates Namaru and Haji for their support and encouragement when things got tough. Thanks a lot for sharing with me the academic rigour of the doctoral studies. v I am greatly indebted to my family for their support, prayers and encouragement as I pursued my academic accomplishments. To my husband Mr. Rotich and our children Kelvin, Deborah, Kenneth and Gideon, who endured my absence, while cheering me to pursue my academic goal. To Kelvin, Deborah, Kenneth and Gideon, may the joy of academics propel you to the highest academic achievements greater than what your mother has achieved. I would like to thank my father and mother who taught me discipline, endurance and perseverance. You taught me patience and the value of education. I would also wish to show my appreciation to my sister and brothers for their moral support and encouragement. I am greatly indebted to my late brother Col. Dr. Malakwen who would have wished to celebrate with me the success of this study but did not live to see it. I highly appreciate the African Network for Information Ethics (ANIE), for sponsoring me to regional conferences on information ethics. With your support, I was able to interact and share ideas with experts in information ethics from all over the world. I would also wish to show my appreciation to the National Council for Science and Technology for granting the research authorization to undertake this study. My special thanks to Kisii University for offering support and granting me study leave to pursue my studies. Lastly, I thank all my colleagues and friends for all the moral support during challenging moments in the course of this study. vi ABSTRACT Concerns of information ethics have increased in the recent years evidenced by rising plagiarism, increased hacking, privacy violation, and matters relating to the digital divide. Despite commitment by African scholars to entrench information ethics in library and information science (LIS) curriculum, evidence show that the scope and delivery of content is still inadequate. Manifestation of information ethics violations, especially plagiarism is on the rise even among library and information science students. The aim of the study was to investigate the teaching of information ethics in library and information science curriculum in public universities in Kenya with a view to proposing ways of improving its integration. The study objectives were: to establish the purpose for teaching information ethics in library and information science curriculum; to establish the content of information ethics courses in library and information science curricula; to ascertain the extent to which information ethics has been integrated into LIS curriculum; to establish the teaching methods used for information ethics courses; to establish the challenges encountered in teaching of information ethics in information science schools and to propose solutions to improve the teaching of information ethics in library and information science training in public universities in Kenya. The study was informed by the Moral Reasoning theory by Lawrence Kohlberg and Albert Bandura‟s “Social Learning theory”. A mixed method approach employing survey research design was used. Purposive and stratified random sampling were used to draw respondents from the targeted population consisting of students, lecturers and heads of department in Moi, Kenyatta, Kisii and The Technical University of Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and documentary survey. The findings show that although LIS departments have integrated information ethics in their curriculum, there is disparity in the mode, scope and depth of its integration across the universities. Lectures and seminars were the dominant teaching methods. There was a myriad of challenges including and not limited to: absence of a well defined content, inadequate information resources, lack of a national network and absence of policy guidelines on information ethics. The study concludes that the courses are very few and the coverage omits specific areas such as e- waste, cyber crimes, digital divide, non malfeasance, crowd computing and netiquette in social media. Lectures and seminars, classroom discussions and case studies were the main pedagogy used to deliver content in information ethics courses. A multidisciplinary approach in teaching information ethics was supported by study. The study recommends a model for the integration of information ethics in LIS curriculum and provides Malan and Bester‟s framework for an information ethics course. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION _______________________________________________________ ii DEDICATION _________________________________________________________ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _______________________________________________ iv ABSTRACT ___________________________________________________________ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________________ vii LIST OF TABLES _____________________________________________________ xiii LIST OF FIGURES ____________________________________________________ xiv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS _____________________________________xv CHAPTER ONE ________________________________________________________1 INTRODUCTION_______________________________________________________1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.2 Background Information .............................................................................................1 1.2.1 Theories of Information Ethics ____________________________________3 1.3 Principles of Information Ethics .................................................................................6 1.4 Teaching Information Ethics in Universities in Africa ...............................................9 1.5 Information Ethics Teaching in Information Science in Kenya ...............................12 1.6 Statement of the Problem ..........................................................................................14 1.7 Aim of the Study .......................................................................................................16 1.8 Objectives of the Study .............................................................................................16 1.10 Assumptions of the Study .........................................................................................18 1.11 Significance of the Study ..........................................................................................18 1.12 Scope and Limitations of the Study ..........................................................................20 1.13 Definition of Key Terms ...........................................................................................21 1.14 Summary ...................................................................................................................23 CHAPTER TWO ______________________________________________________24 LITERATURE REVIEW _______________________________________________24 2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................24