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Sisteminės Programos Kompiuterių diagnostika Šiuolaikiniuose mobiliuose kompiuteriuose naudojamos vienlustės sistemos yra sudarytos iš ARM Cortex-A branduolių ir papildomos aparatūros. Pagrindiniai tokių SoC gamintojai yra Qualcomm, Samsung, Apple, NVIDIA. Kinijos gamintojai, kurių SoC dažniausiai naudojami kiniškų brandų telefonuose ir planšetėse: MediaTek, Allwinner, Rockchip, Spreadtrum. 2 . Hummingbird SoC naudoja patobulintą Cortex-A8 banduolį ir PowerVR SGX540 GPU branduolį. 1Ghz. Išleistas 2010 metais. Exynos 4 SoC: 1.4-1.6 GHz Quad-core. ARM Cortex-A9 architektūra. Gamintas 2011-2012 metais. Exynos 5 Dual SoC: 1.7 GHz du ARM Cortex-A15 architektūros branduoliai. Įvairios modifikacijos gaminamos nuo 2012 metų iki dabar. Exynos 5 Octa naudoja ARM sukurtą big.LITTLE konfigūraciją, t.y. turi keturis Cortex-A15 ir keturis Cortex- A7 branduolius. Dažnis 1.2-2.1 Ghz. Exynos 5 Hexa turi du Cortex-A15 ir keturis Cortex-A7 branduolius. Exynos 7 Octa. Cortex-A57+Cortex-A53 (big.LITTLE konfigūracija). 1.5-2.1 Ghz 3 . 2010 metais Apple nusipirko ARM SoC gamintoją Intrinsity ir tapo ARM architektūros licencijos savininke bei pradėjo pati projektuoti savo vienlustes sistemas. A4 SoC (naudojamas iPhone 4 ir iPad 1) yra analogiškas Samsung Hummingbird, tik naudoja PowerVR SGX 535 GPU. 1Ghz. A5 SoC (naudojamas iPad 2 ir būsimajame iPhone 5): 2x Cortex A9, PowerVR SGX 543MP2 GPU. A6 ir A6X: Naudojamas iPhone5 ir iPad4. Apple projektuotas, iki 1,4 GHz. PowerVR SGX 543MP3 ir SGX 554MP4 GPU. Gamyklos: Samsung. A7: pirmasis Apple 64 bitų ARMv8 architektūros procesorius. Naudojamas iPhone 5S ir iPad Air. Gaminamas 2013-2014 metais. A8: naudojamas iPhone 6 ir iPhone 6 Plus, 1.4 Ghz, dual core. Gaminamas 2014-2015 metais. A8X: naudojamas iPad Air 2, 1.5Ghz triple core. Gaminamas 2014-2015 metais. 4 . Gamina įvairių konfigūracijų ARM SoC, kurie reklamuojami Snapdragon vardu. 1 SoC karta, 1 Ghz (2008 metai): Scorpion CPU (tobulesnis Cortex-A8 analogas), Adreno 200 GPU. 2 SoC karta, 800Mhz-1.4 Ghz (2009 metai): Scorpion CPU , Adreno 205 GPU. 3 SoC karta, 1.2Ghz-1.5Ghz (2011 metai): 2x branduolių Scorpion CPU, Adreno 220 GPU. 4 SoC karta, iki 1.7 GHz Quad-core Krait branduoliai, Adreno 320 GPU. 5 SoC karta, Snapdragon 800/801. Iki 2.5Ghz Quad-core Krait 400 branduoliai, Adreno 330 GPU. 6 SoC karta, Snapdragon 810. A53+A57, big.LITTLE. 1.6- 2.0Ghz, Adreno 430 GPU. 5 . Gamina ARM SoC, vadinamus Tegra. Tegra 1: ARM11 branduolys (ankstesnis nei Cortex-A serija) su GeForce ULV GPU. 600Mhz-800Mhz.2008-2009 metai. Naudotas Microsoft Zune. Tegra 2: 2x Cortex-A9 branduolių CPU ir GeForce ULP GPU. Nenaudoja ARM NEON instrukcijų. 1Ghz-1.2Ghz. 2010-2011 metai. Naudojamas Motorola Xoom planšetiniame kompiuteryje ir išmaniuosiuose telefonuose. Tegra 3. 2x Cortex-A9 iki 1,6Ghz + trečias energiją taupantis 500Mhz cpu. Tegra 4. Cortex-A15 architektūra, iki 4 branduolių, iki 2,3Ghz. Tegra 4i: pirmasis NVIDIA SoC su integruotu 3G/LTE ryšio moduliu. Tegra K1. 2014 metai. Keturi Cortex-A15 branduoliai plius vienas low- power branduolys. Kepler GPU (panašios architektūros kaip asmeniniuose kompiuteriuose). Tegra X1. 2015 metai. A53+A57, big.LITTLE. Desktop klasės Maxwell 256-core GPU (DX-12!). 6 . Texas Instruments. Gamin0 įvairių konfigūracijų ARM SoC. Kai kurios vis dar yra naudojamos. OMAP 1 ir OMAP 2 serijos netinka išmaniesiems telefonams. OMAP 3 serija (2008-2010) naudoja Cortex-A8 CPU ir PowerVR SGX530 GPU. 600Mhz-1.2Ghz. OMAP 4 serija (2011) naudoja dviejų Cortex-A9 branduolių CPU ir PowerVR SGX540 GPU. 1Ghz- 1.5Ghz. OMAP 5 serija (2012). 4 ARM branduoliai: 2x Cortex-A15 ir 2x Cortex-M4 su PowerVR SGX544MP GPU. 7 Windows on ARM. Microsoft platina tik MK kompiuterių gamintojams prieinamą Windows RT operacinę sistemą, veikiančią ARM SoC. 2012 metais Microsoft pirmieji išleido Windows RT OS kompiuterį NVIDIA Tegra 3 SoC pagrindu Surface RT. Windows 10 palaiko Intel ir ARM architektūras. 8 NVIDIA gamina ARM procesorių nešiojamiems ir staliniams kompiuteriams bei serveriams (Tegra X1). Tikimasi, kad NVIDIA ARM procesorius našumu galės konkuruoti su dalimi Intel x86 produkcijos. NVIDIA ARM CPU turės integruotą desktop klasės GPU. x86 architektūros procesorių monopolis AK pradės svyruoti per kelis ateinančius metus. 9 Mobiliųjų kompiuterių tendencijas dabar diktuoja JAV rinka. Ten pirmiausia pasirodo naujausi išmanieji telefonai, planšetiniai kompiuteriai, el. knygų skaitytuvai. MK pardavimai auga, AK (nešiojamųjų bei stalinių) – krenta arba auga lėčiau nei MK. Taigi anksčiau ar vėliau paprasti vartotojai pereis prie MK kaip pagrindinių kompiuterių vartojimo. Todėl vis daugiau svarbos įgyja MK prietaisų ir programinės įrangos gamintojai. 10 MK rinkoje yra daug aparatinės įrangos gamintojų, visai kaip ir AK rinkoje. Tačiau skirtingai nei AK rinkoje, MK nėra operacinių sistemų monopolio. Skirtingai nei AK OS rinka, MK OS rinka yra diversifikuota, t.y. nėra vieno dominuojančio OS gamintojo. Kol kas nepanašu, kad situacija gali keistis – ir toliau rinkoje įvairiomis proporcijomis vyraus skirtingos MK OS. 11 Privalumai: . Didelė konkurencija skatina greitą OS ir programinės įrangos tobulėjimą. Pvz.: Apple iOS ir Google Android tobulinimo lenktynės. Suderinamumo trūkumas: mažiau apsimoka kurti MK kenkėjiškas programas, nes neįmanoma (labai sudėtinga) parašyti universalios MK programos, kuri veiktų skirtingose OS ir galėtų save automatiškai platinti. Trūkumai: . Suderinamumo trūkumas: vartotojų programų rašymas taip pat reikalauja daugiau investicijų, jeigu norimas daugiau nei 1 OS palaikymas. 12 MK gamintojus galima suskirstyti į dvi grupes: . Uždari gamintojai, kurie pateikia savo aparatinę įrangą ir OS kaip vieną neatskiriamą produktą: ▪ Apple ▪ Research In Motion (RIM) ▪ HP (Palm) ▪ Nokia :) . Atviri gamintojai, kurie užsiima tik aparatinės įrangos arba tik OS gamyba: ▪ Google (operacinės sistemos) ▪ Microsoft (operacinės sistemos) ▪ HTC ▪ Samsung ▪ LG ▪ Motorola ▪ Ir t.t. 13 Aparatinė įranga nėra išskirtinis atskirų MK gamintojų bruožas. Visų gamintojų išmanieji telefonai ir planšetiniai kompiuteriai savo sandara yra panašūs, neskaitant nišinių įrenginių, tokių kaip mobilios žaidimų konsolės. Todėl gamintojai stengiasi išsiskirti programine įranga arba OS. Toliau panagrinėsime populiariausias MK operacines sistemas. 14 Atsirado rinkoje: 2007 Tipas: uždaro kodo sistema Naujausia versija: 8.1 Įrenginiai naudojantys OS: iPhone išmanieji kompiuteriai (7 modeliai), iPad planšetiniai kompiuteriai (6 modeliai) 15 Savybės: . Branduolys: Unix tipo Mac OS X branduolys . Vartotojo sąsaja: programų piktogramų/darbastalio sąsaja. Programavimo priemonės: Objective C. Multitasking: palaikomas, su apribojimais 16 Atsirado rinkoje: 2007 Naujausia versija: 5.1 Tipas: atviro kodo sistema* Įrenginiai naudojantys OS: daugelio gamintojų išmanieji telefonai ir planšetiniai kompiuteriai (Samsung, Sony, HTC, Motorola, LG, Sony) 17 Savybės: . Branduolys: Linux 3.4 branduolys su Google pakeitimais . Vartotojo sąsaja: programų piktogramų/darbastalio sąsaja. Programavimo priemonės: speciali Java versija, C/C++ . Multitasking: palaikomas 18 19 Atsirado rinkoje: 2010 Tipas: uždaro kodo sistema Naujausia versija: 8.1 Įrenginiai naudojantys OS: Microsoft (Nokia), HTC, Samsung ir kitų gamintojų išmanieji telefonai. 20 Savybės: . Branduolys: Windows NT 6.3 (toks pat kaip Windows 8.1) . Vartotojo sąsaja: Modern design language, multipage interface . Programavimo priemonės: .NET framework (C# ir kitos kalbos), C++ . Multitasking: palaikomas su apribojimais 21 Atsirado rinkoje: 1999 Tipas: uždaro kodo sistema Naujausia versija: 10.3 Įrenginiai naudojantys OS: BlackBerry išmanieji telefonai. 22 Savybės: . Branduolys: QNX RTOS . Programų piktogramų/ darbastalio sąsaja. Programavimo priemonės: C++, Java . Multitasking: palaikomas 23 Pasidomėkite: . Ubuntu Phone . Firefox OS . Symbian . Tizen . Bada 24 Šias skaidres ir kitą paskaitos medžiagą galima rasti adresu: http://masalskis.net/ 25.
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