Supplementary Table 1 List of 335 Genes Differentially Expressed Between Primary (P) and Metastatic (M) Tumours
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Amplitaq and Amplitaq Gold DNA Polymerase
AmpliTaq and AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase The Most Referenced Brand of DNA Polymerase in the World Date: 2005-05 Notes: Authors are listed alphabetically J. Biol. Chem. (223) Ezoe, S., I. Matsumura, et al. (2005). "GATA Transcription Factors Inhibit Cytokine-dependent Growth and Survival of a Hematopoietic Cell Line through the Inhibition of STAT3 Activity." J. Biol. Chem. 280(13): 13163-13170. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/13/13163 Although GATA-1 and GATA-2 were shown to be essential for the development of hematopoietic cells by gene targeting experiments, they were also reported to inhibit the growth of hematopoietic cells. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of GATA-1 and GATA-2 on cytokine signals. A tamoxifen-inducible form of GATA-1 (GATA-1/ERT) showed a minor inhibitory effect on interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent growth of an IL-3-dependent cell line Ba/F3. On the other hand, it drastically inhibited TPO-dependent growth and gp130-mediated growth/survival of Ba/F3. Similarly, an estradiol-inducible form of GATA-2 (GATA-2/ER) disrupted thrombopoietin (TPO)-dependent growth and gp130-mediated growth/survival of Ba/F3. As for this mechanism, we found that both GATA-1 and GATA-2 directly bound to STAT3 both in vitro and in vivo and inhibited its DNA-binding activity in gel shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, whereas they hardly affected STAT5 activity. In addition, endogenous GATA-1 was found to interact with STAT3 in normal megakaryocytes, suggesting that GATA-1 may inhibit STAT3 activity in normal hematopoietic cells. -
Silencing of Phosphoinositide-Specific
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 34: 4069-4076 (2014) Silencing of Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C ε Remodulates the Expression of the Phosphoinositide Signal Transduction Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines VINCENZA RITA LO VASCO1, MARTINA LEOPIZZI2, DANIELA STOPPOLONI3 and CARLO DELLA ROCCA2 Departments of 1Sense Organs , 2Medicine and Surgery Sciences and Biotechnologies and 3Biochemistry Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Abstract. Background: Ezrin, a member of the signal transduction pathway (5). The reduction of PIP2 ezrin–radixin–moesin family, is involved in the metastatic induces ezrin dissociation from the plasma membrane (6). spread of osteosarcoma. Ezrin binds phosphatydil inositol-4,5- The levels of PIP2 are regulated by the PI-specific bisphosphate (PIP2), a crucial molecule of the phospholipase C (PI-PLC) family (7), constituting thirteen phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway. PIP2 levels are enzymes divided into six sub-families on the basis of amino regulated by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI- acid sequence, domain structure, mechanism of recruitment PLC) enzymes. PI-PLCε isoform, a well-characterized direct and tissue distribution (7-15). PI-PLCε, a direct effector of effector of rat sarcoma (RAS), is at a unique convergence RAS (14-15), might be the point of convergence for the point for the broad range of signaling pathways that promote broad range of signalling pathways that promote the RAS GTPase-mediated signalling. Materials and Methods. By RASGTPase-mediated signalling (16). using molecular biology methods and microscopic analyses, In previous studies, we suggested a relationship between we analyzed the expression of ezrin and PLC genes after PI-PLC expression and ezrin (17-18). -
ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: from Its Discovery to Clinical Trials and the Genomics Era
H OH metabolites OH Review Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: From Its Discovery to Clinical Trials and the Genomics Era Qimin Hai and Jonathan D. Smith * Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-216-444-2248 Abstract: The purification and cloning of the acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) enzymes and the sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) genes has opened new areas of interest in cholesterol metabolism given their profound effects on foam cell biology and intestinal lipid absorption. The generation of mouse models deficient in Soat1 or Soat2 confirmed the importance of their gene products on cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein physiology. Although these studies supported clinical trials which used non-selective ACAT inhibitors, these trials did not report benefits, and one showed an increased risk. Early genetic studies have implicated common variants in both genes with human traits, including lipoprotein levels, coronary artery disease, and Alzheimer’s disease; however, modern genome-wide association studies have not replicated these associations. In contrast, the common SOAT1 variants are most reproducibly associated with testosterone levels. Keywords: cholesterol esterification; atherosclerosis; ACAT; SOAT; inhibitors; clinical trial Citation: Hai, Q.; Smith, J.D. Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: From Its 1. Introduction Discovery to Clinical Trials and the The acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; EC 2.3.1.26) enzyme family Genomics Era. Metabolites 2021, 11, consists of membrane-spanning proteins, which are primarily located in the endoplasmic 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ reticulum [1]. -
CYP2A6) by P53
Transcriptional Regulation of Human Stress Responsive Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) by p53 Hao Hu M.Biotech. (Biotechnology) 2012 The University of Queensland B.B.A. 2009 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China B.Sc. (Pharmacy) 2009 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Medicine ABSTRACT Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is highly expressed in the liver and the encoding gene is regulated by various stress activated transcription factors, such as the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). Unlike the other xenobiotic metabolising CYP enzymes (XMEs), CYP2A6 only plays a minor role in xenobiotic metabolism. The CYP2A6 is highly induced by multiple forms of cellular stress conditions, where XMEs expression is normally inhibited. Recent findings suggest that the CYP2A6 plays an important role in regulating BR homeostasis. A computer based sequence analysis on the 3 kb proximate CYP2A6 promoter revealed several putative binding sites for p53, a protein that mediates regulation of antioxidant and apoptosis pathways. In this study, the role of p53 in CYP2A6 gene regulation is demonstrated. The site closest to transcription start site (TSS) is highly homologous with the p53 consensus sequence. The p53 responsiveness of this site was confirmed by transfections with various stepwise deleted of CYP2A6-5’-Luc constructs containing the putative p53RE. Deletion of the putative p53RE resulted in a total abolishment of p53 responsiveness of CYP2A6 promoter. Specific binding of p53 to the putative p53RE was detected by electrophoresis mobility shift assay. -
1 Metabolic Dysfunction Is Restricted to the Sciatic Nerve in Experimental
Page 1 of 255 Diabetes Metabolic dysfunction is restricted to the sciatic nerve in experimental diabetic neuropathy Oliver J. Freeman1,2, Richard D. Unwin2,3, Andrew W. Dowsey2,3, Paul Begley2,3, Sumia Ali1, Katherine A. Hollywood2,3, Nitin Rustogi2,3, Rasmus S. Petersen1, Warwick B. Dunn2,3†, Garth J.S. Cooper2,3,4,5* & Natalie J. Gardiner1* 1 Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK 2 Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK 3 Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK 4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 5 Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, UK † Present address: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK *Joint corresponding authors: Natalie J. Gardiner and Garth J.S. Cooper Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Address: University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 161 275 5768; +44 161 701 0240 Word count: 4,490 Number of tables: 1, Number of figures: 6 Running title: Metabolic dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 15, 2015 Diabetes Page 2 of 255 Abstract High glucose levels in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy (DN). However our understanding of the molecular mechanisms which cause the marked distal pathology is incomplete. Here we performed a comprehensive, system-wide analysis of the PNS of a rodent model of DN. -
Supplementary Materials
1 Supplementary Materials: Supplemental Figure 1. Gene expression profiles of kidneys in the Fcgr2b-/- and Fcgr2b-/-. Stinggt/gt mice. (A) A heat map of microarray data show the genes that significantly changed up to 2 fold compared between Fcgr2b-/- and Fcgr2b-/-. Stinggt/gt mice (N=4 mice per group; p<0.05). Data show in log2 (sample/wild-type). 2 Supplemental Figure 2. Sting signaling is essential for immuno-phenotypes of the Fcgr2b-/-lupus mice. (A-C) Flow cytometry analysis of splenocytes isolated from wild-type, Fcgr2b-/- and Fcgr2b-/-. Stinggt/gt mice at the age of 6-7 months (N= 13-14 per group). Data shown in the percentage of (A) CD4+ ICOS+ cells, (B) B220+ I-Ab+ cells and (C) CD138+ cells. Data show as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001). 3 Supplemental Figure 3. Phenotypes of Sting activated dendritic cells. (A) Representative of western blot analysis from immunoprecipitation with Sting of Fcgr2b-/- mice (N= 4). The band was shown in STING protein of activated BMDC with DMXAA at 0, 3 and 6 hr. and phosphorylation of STING at Ser357. (B) Mass spectra of phosphorylation of STING at Ser357 of activated BMDC from Fcgr2b-/- mice after stimulated with DMXAA for 3 hour and followed by immunoprecipitation with STING. (C) Sting-activated BMDC were co-cultured with LYN inhibitor PP2 and analyzed by flow cytometry, which showed the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IAb expressing DC (N = 3 mice per group). 4 Supplemental Table 1. Lists of up and down of regulated proteins Accession No. -
Protein Identities in Evs Isolated from U87-MG GBM Cells As Determined by NG LC-MS/MS
Protein identities in EVs isolated from U87-MG GBM cells as determined by NG LC-MS/MS. No. Accession Description Σ Coverage Σ# Proteins Σ# Unique Peptides Σ# Peptides Σ# PSMs # AAs MW [kDa] calc. pI 1 A8MS94 Putative golgin subfamily A member 2-like protein 5 OS=Homo sapiens PE=5 SV=2 - [GG2L5_HUMAN] 100 1 1 7 88 110 12,03704523 5,681152344 2 P60660 Myosin light polypeptide 6 OS=Homo sapiens GN=MYL6 PE=1 SV=2 - [MYL6_HUMAN] 100 3 5 17 173 151 16,91913397 4,652832031 3 Q6ZYL4 General transcription factor IIH subunit 5 OS=Homo sapiens GN=GTF2H5 PE=1 SV=1 - [TF2H5_HUMAN] 98,59 1 1 4 13 71 8,048185945 4,652832031 4 P60709 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=ACTB PE=1 SV=1 - [ACTB_HUMAN] 97,6 5 5 35 917 375 41,70973209 5,478027344 5 P13489 Ribonuclease inhibitor OS=Homo sapiens GN=RNH1 PE=1 SV=2 - [RINI_HUMAN] 96,75 1 12 37 173 461 49,94108966 4,817871094 6 P09382 Galectin-1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=LGALS1 PE=1 SV=2 - [LEG1_HUMAN] 96,3 1 7 14 283 135 14,70620005 5,503417969 7 P60174 Triosephosphate isomerase OS=Homo sapiens GN=TPI1 PE=1 SV=3 - [TPIS_HUMAN] 95,1 3 16 25 375 286 30,77169764 5,922363281 8 P04406 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OS=Homo sapiens GN=GAPDH PE=1 SV=3 - [G3P_HUMAN] 94,63 2 13 31 509 335 36,03039959 8,455566406 9 Q15185 Prostaglandin E synthase 3 OS=Homo sapiens GN=PTGES3 PE=1 SV=1 - [TEBP_HUMAN] 93,13 1 5 12 74 160 18,68541938 4,538574219 10 P09417 Dihydropteridine reductase OS=Homo sapiens GN=QDPR PE=1 SV=2 - [DHPR_HUMAN] 93,03 1 1 17 69 244 25,77302971 7,371582031 11 P01911 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, -
Characterisation of Bilirubin Metabolic Pathway in Hepatic Mitochondria Siti Nur Fadzilah Muhsain M.Sc
Characterisation of Bilirubin Metabolic Pathway in Hepatic Mitochondria Siti Nur Fadzilah Muhsain M.Sc. (Medical Research) 2005 Universiti Sains Malaysia Postgrad. Dip. (Toxicology) 2003 University of Surrey B.Sc.(Biomed. Sc.) 2000 Universiti Putra Malaysia A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of Medicine ABSTRACT Bilirubin (BR), a toxic waste product of degraded haem, is a potent antioxidant at physiological concentrations. To achieve the maximum benefit of BR, its intracellular level needs to be carefully regulated. A system comprising of two enzymes, haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5) exists in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), responsible for regulating BR homeostasis. This system is induced in response to oxidative stress. In this thesis, oxidative stress caused accumulation of these enzymes in mitochondria — major producers and targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) — is demonstrated. To understand the significance of this intracellular targeting, properties of microsomal and mitochondrial BR metabolising enzymes were compared and the capacity of mitochondrial CYP2A5 to oxidise BR in response to oxidative stress is reported. Microsomes and mitochondrial fractions were isolated from liver homogenates of DBA/2J mice, administered with sub-toxic dose of pyrazole, an oxidant stressor. The purity of extracted organelles was determined by analysing the expressions and activities of their respective marker enzymes. HMOX1 and CYP2A5 were significantly increased in microsomes and even more so in mitochondria in response to pyrazole-induced oxidative stress. By contrast, the treatment did not increase either microsomes or mitochondrial Uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), the sole enzyme that catalyses BR elimination through glucuronidation. -
4-6 Weeks Old Female C57BL/6 Mice Obtained from Jackson Labs Were Used for Cell Isolation
Methods Mice: 4-6 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice obtained from Jackson labs were used for cell isolation. Female Foxp3-IRES-GFP reporter mice (1), backcrossed to B6/C57 background for 10 generations, were used for the isolation of naïve CD4 and naïve CD8 cells for the RNAseq experiments. The mice were housed in pathogen-free animal facility in the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology and were used according to protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and use Committee. Preparation of cells: Subsets of thymocytes were isolated by cell sorting as previously described (2), after cell surface staining using CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD3ε (145- 2C11), CD24 (M1/69) (all from Biolegend). DP cells: CD4+CD8 int/hi; CD4 SP cells: CD4CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo; CD8 SP cells: CD8 int/hi CD4 CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo (Fig S2). Peripheral subsets were isolated after pooling spleen and lymph nodes. T cells were enriched by negative isolation using Dynabeads (Dynabeads untouched mouse T cells, 11413D, Invitrogen). After surface staining for CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD62L (MEL-14), CD25 (PC61) and CD44 (IM7), naïve CD4+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo and naïve CD8+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo were obtained by sorting (BD FACS Aria). Additionally, for the RNAseq experiments, CD4 and CD8 naïve cells were isolated by sorting T cells from the Foxp3- IRES-GFP mice: CD4+CD62LhiCD25–CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– and CD8+CD62LhiCD25– CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– (antibodies were from Biolegend). In some cases, naïve CD4 cells were cultured in vitro under Th1 or Th2 polarizing conditions (3, 4). -
Survival-Associated Metabolic Genes in Colon and Rectal Cancers
Survival-associated Metabolic Genes in Colon and Rectal Cancers Yanfen Cui ( [email protected] ) Tianjin Cancer Institute: Tianjin Tumor Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-7503 Baoai Han tianjin tumor hospital He Zhang tianjin tumor hospital Zhiyong Wang tianjin tumor hospital Hui Liu tianjin tumor hospital Fei Zhang tianjin tumor hospital Ruifang Niu tianjin tumor hospital Research Keywords: colon cancer, rectal cancer, prognosis, metabolism Posted Date: December 4th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-117478/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/42 Abstract Background Uncontrolled proliferation is the most prominent biological feature of tumors. To rapidly proliferate and maximize the use of available nutrients, tumor cells regulate their metabolic behavior and the expression of metabolism-related genes (MRGs). In this study, we aimed to construct prognosis models for colon and rectal cancers, using MRGs to indicate the prognoses of patients. Methods We rst acquired the gene expression proles of colon and rectal cancers from the TCGA and GEO database, and utilized univariate Cox analysis, lasso regression, and multivariable cox analysis to identify MRGs for risk models. Then GSEA and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were utilized to identify the metabolism pathway of MRGs in the risk models and analyzed these genes comprehensively using GSCALite. Results Eight genes (CPT1C, PLCB2, PLA2G2D, GAMT, ENPP2, PIP4K2B, GPX3, and GSR) in the colon cancer risk model and six genes (TDO2, PKLR, GAMT, EARS2, ACO1, and WAS) in the rectal cancer risk model were identied successfully. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the models predicted overall survival accurately and independently for patients with colon or rectal cancer. -
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Heart
RESEARCH ARTICLE Heme oxygenase-1 regulates mitochondrial quality control in the heart Travis D. Hull,1,2 Ravindra Boddu,1,3 Lingling Guo,2,3 Cornelia C. Tisher,1,3 Amie M. Traylor,1,3 Bindiya Patel,1,4 Reny Joseph,1,3 Sumanth D. Prabhu,1,4,5 Hagir B. Suliman,6 Claude A. Piantadosi,7 Anupam Agarwal,1,3,5 and James F. George2,3,4 1Department of Medicine, 2Department of Surgery, 3Nephrology Research and Training Center, and 4Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 5Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 6Department of Anesthesiology and 7Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. The cardioprotective inducible enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degrades prooxidant heme into equimolar quantities of carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. We hypothesized that HO-1 mediates cardiac protection, at least in part, by regulating mitochondrial quality control. We treated WT and HO-1 transgenic mice with the known mitochondrial toxin, doxorubicin (DOX). Relative to WT mice, mice globally overexpressing human HO-1 were protected from DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac cytoarchitectural derangement, and infiltration of CD11b+ mononuclear phagocytes. Cardiac-specific overexpression of HO-1 ameliorated DOX-mediated dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as well as mitochondrial disorganization in the form of mitochondrial fragmentation and increased numbers of damaged mitochondria in autophagic vacuoles. HO-1 overexpression promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating protein expression of NRF1, PGC1α, and TFAM, which was inhibited in WT animals treated with DOX. Concomitantly, HO-1 overexpression inhibited the upregulation of the mitochondrial fission mediator Fis1 and resulted in increased expression of the fusion mediators, Mfn1 and Mfn2. -
CDH12 Cadherin 12, Type 2 N-Cadherin 2 RPL5 Ribosomal
5 6 6 5 . 4 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R B , B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B , 9 , , , , 4 , , 3 0 , , , , , , , , 6 2 , , 5 , 0 8 6 4 , 7 5 7 0 2 8 9 1 3 3 3 1 1 7 5 0 4 1 4 0 7 1 0 2 0 6 7 8 0 2 5 7 8 0 3 8 5 4 9 0 1 0 8 8 3 5 6 7 4 7 9 5 2 1 1 8 2 2 1 7 9 6 2 1 7 1 1 0 4 5 3 5 8 9 1 0 0 4 2 5 0 8 1 4 1 6 9 0 0 6 3 6 9 1 0 9 0 3 8 1 3 5 6 3 6 0 4 2 6 1 0 1 2 1 9 9 7 9 5 7 1 5 8 9 8 8 2 1 9 9 1 1 1 9 6 9 8 9 7 8 4 5 8 8 6 4 8 1 1 2 8 6 2 7 9 8 3 5 4 3 2 1 7 9 5 3 1 3 2 1 2 9 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 9 5 3 2 6 3 4 1 3 1 1 4 1 4 1 7 1 3 4 3 2 7 6 4 2 7 2 1 2 1 5 1 6 3 5 6 1 3 6 4 7 1 6 5 1 1 4 1 6 1 7 6 4 7 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m