$2.95 u.s. 'The Ce[ator £3 u. K. Vol. 7, No.8 incorporating ROMAN COINS AND CULTURE August 1993

Falso!

Fallacvm!

Boyua!

• Black Sea Hoard Controversy: R.I.P. t • Iberia Part 3: Late Republic and early Empire • and Hercules: Men or myth? • Tarpeia and the Omina Lunae Classical Coins of Exceptional Quality Ancient, Medieval, Foreign & British Coins Numismatic Books Purchase, Sale, Auction & Valuation Regular Price Lists & Auction Catalogues (Complimentary Catalogue Upon Request) Annual Subscription $25/£15 (S35/£20 ""m.,) Contact either our U.S. or U.K. office:

Seaby Coins • Eric J. McFadden, Senior Director (i) 14 Old Bond Street London WIX 4JL, United Kingdom (071) 495-1888, Fax (071) 499-5916 Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (i)• Victor England, Senior Director Post Office Box 245 Quarryville, PA 17566-0245 USA INSIDE THE CELATOR...

Vol. 7, No.8 August 1993

6 Sofia museum sells Mesembria and %.e Ce{ator Apollonia diobols as modern copies Publisher/Senior Editor by Frank L. Kovacs Wayne G. Sayles Office Manager 10 The history and coinage of Iberia Janet Sayles Part 3: Spain in the late Republic Editor and early Empire Page 10 Steven A. Sayles by Ron Kol/gaard Spain in the late Marketing Director Republic and early Empire Stephanie Sayles 32 Zeus and Hercules: Men or myth? by Ron KolIgaard RCC Liaison by Tertius Chandler James L. Meyer Production Asst. 36 Astrological omens commemorated NickPopp on Roman coins: Tarpeia and Distribution Asst. the Omina Lunae Christine Olson by Michael R. Molnar Rochelle Olson Art Parnell Nelson The Celator (ISSN #10480986) is an ["" '" independent journal published on the lirst day of each month et 175 South Main Street, Page 32 2 The Celator's Point of View Lodi, WI. It is circulated Zeus and Hercules internationally through by Tertius Chandler 4 Letters to the Editor - Quotes from the Past subscriptions and special distributions. Subscription rates, 8 The Celater's Hand by Harlan J. Bark payable in U.S. funds, ant $24 per year 16 Coins of the Bible by David Hendin (seoooo class) within the United States: 18 Antiquities by David Liebert $30 to Canada: $48 per year 10 all other addresses (Air Printed 19 Just for Beginners by Wayne G. Sayles Matter). Advertising and copy deadline is the 20 Coming Events first of each month. Unsolicited articles 22 Art and the Market 8fld news releases are welcome, however Through the Looking Glass by David Vagi publication cannot be 24 guaranteed. Second class postage paid Page 36 26 Book News (USPS #006077) Tarpeia and the Omina Lunas at Lodl, WI 53555. by Michael R. Molnar 30 People in the News· Profiles in Numismatics Copyright C1993, Celator, Inc. Coin File· Trivia· Humor Postmaster: send address 43 changes to P.O. Box 123, About the cover: Lodi, WI 53555 44 Reference Reviews by Dennis Kroh Diobols of Mesembria sold to 608-592-4684 Frank L. Kovacs as modern 48 Professional Directory (same for FAX, after hours copies by the Sofia Museum activate with asterisk gift shop. 56 Index of Advertisers· Classifieds on touch tone phone)

Deadline for the September issue is Sunday, August 1 retraction of their previously stated p0- sition that the coins are ancient

CJI'u (!,jato< i. namui fo< and idiaatui to tI'u coin d"'-e"9""<7tJt. of anliLfuli:y W!:.oi'- a'll: illnain. ai poiI,dful and ¥/ft.alin;) today a. in tfuJ.. own time.

2 The Cefator We are now accepting consignments for our Fall auction of Ancient Coins

Stater of the LyCian Dynast M ithrapata. Estimate: $2,500-3,500 realized $10,450 on June 12, 1993

Further inquiries and consignment information should be directed to James Lamb or John Gainor, Christie's, Coin Department, 502 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, Tel.: 212 /546-1056.

~

~<"-/;'00 • .0> CHRISTIE'S

August 1993 3 Commodus, what possible reason would The title should be changed to "An cause Decius to honor him in that ode to a nleve idior. I suggest he add to manner? his library of 126 reference books the I am hopeful that you or one of your following: subscribers will be able to answer this A) Wea lth of Nations by Adam Smith question. In closing, I need to tell you (1723·1790) that I have never been happier to renew B) The Collected Essays of Phineas a magazine subscription. T. Barnum (1810-1891) After ingesting these works, he will Joseph Kleinman be able to avoid the "invisible hand" of Washington supply and demand. The joys of sharing The malicious are not the only Why Commodus? judicious readers, as most of us are I wish to compliment you on the One of the pleasures of writing to illiterate. The Celator is knowing that I am in continuing excellence of The Celator. I wish particularly to thank John Darl ing commun ication with collectors and A circus geek with an M.B.A. for his inspirati onal article -Dolphins scholars Irom all over the globe. A.k.a.: Otho Sestertius Around" in the July issue, being It is with that thought in mind that I (Name and Address on file) ask the following question thai so far, personally involved in his acquisition of the featured coin. nobody has been able to answer. (??????) The emperor Trajan Declus (A.D. One of the greatest joys to me, as a 249·51 ) is credited with having issued a dealer, is to share an appreciation of commemorati ve series of anloniniani things ancient with fellow collectors. It Kudos to Martin honoring some altha greatest of Roman is especially gratifying when someone Kudosgooutto C.J. Martin, LTD. for emperors. takes the time to share his enthusiasm their quick service and moderately Among the deified emperors so in a forum such as yours. priced, high quality coins. II was a thrill honored we encounter Commodus. Why Having twoyoung daughters myself, to be able to purchase a denarius 01 did he do that? Decius was a Roman I can also appreciate the passing on of Marcus Aurelius of such grade that patrician 01 Senatorial rank; he was these incredible objects. However, I normally would have been out of my Iriendlytothe Senate. In so much as the have to say that his literary talents price range, if not nearly impossible for Senate had condemned the memory of exaggerate my story-telling abilities. me to find here in the U.S. This positive experience is owed to The Celator in Mike Burton whose pages C.J. Martin's California advertisement was found. I encourage more readers to Prosopography aside purchase overseas-if not for some Islamic, Indian, Baktrian really choice coins than for the sake of Ae: Vol. 7, No. 7 issue, July 1993. becoming a more "cosmopolitan and 1) Ron Kollgaard's article: collector". Central Asian Coinages Marcus Porcius Cato (cos. 195 B.C.) Jim Urbaniak could not have had a son alive to give Washington Julius Caesar grief circa 60 B.C.! Marcus Porcius Uticensis Cato (Pr. 54 B.C.) was the 'Cato' who gave Julius . .. and to Nelson Caesar grief in the mid fifties B.C. I just received the July issue of The It is highly unlikely that a father and Ce/aror and wish to thank you for son could hold the consulship and publishing my article "The Pharos of praetorship respectively, 141 years Alexandria on Ancient Coinage-. And apart! Parnell Nelson's cartoon is terrific, as The article should maybe read usual. Maybe I should ask him to do a 'grandson' or 'great-grand son' instead cartoon first, then I will write a story Write for sample illustrated list of 'son'. Prosopography Isic ] is not his around it. strong suite. Marvin Tameanko PERSIC 2) William E. Medinger's article: Canada GALLERY OmarHamidi

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August 1993 5 Sofia museum sells Mesembria and Apollonia diobols as modern copies

by Frank 1. Kovacs

The "Black Sea Hoard" is not a hoard; produce these copies of diobols of by another fellow. Mr. Kochev de­ it is not ancient, and it is not even con­ Mesembria and Apollonia, I congratu­ clined to name the manufacturer of these troversial. Ask anyone in Bulgaria, lated him on fmaUy ending this annoying "Black Sea Hoard" pieces, but assured where these pieces are currently being "controversy". But no, this was not me he could supply as many as I wanted. made and openly sold as copies. Unfor­ quite the end. Some still insisted on Having bought four nicely patinated tunately, there has been "controversy". selling these "controversial" coins; and pieces (two Mesembria and two Apel­ the result of errant science coming to the others still argued that they were an­ Ionia) I obtained a receipt from Mr. defense of a numismatic frrm (Heritage cient. Kochev describing the pieces as copies Rare Coin Galleries) which has been Here is what I found out on a recent (see Figure 1). Please note the stamp of dealing in these pieces which fall be­ trip to Bulgaria. These same diobols of the National Historical Museum. yond their traditional market. There is Mesembria and Apollonia, from the Thanks to the die study of 48 speci­ no point in rehashing the details of this same dies as those in the "hoard", are mens from HeritageRare Coin Gal leries now four year old "controversy" except currently onsale in Sofia in the National published by Wayne Sayles in theafore­ to point out that it has somewhat under­ Historical Museum's gift shop for the memioned article, the two Mesembria cut the credibility of knowledgeable equivalent of $3.00 each as copies-not coins I purchased in Sofia can be shown numismatists who have simply looked as ancient coins, not as ancient forger­ to die link with 19 of Heritage's ex­ al these pieces, and dismissed them as ies-but as modem copies. I asked Mr. amples (Figure 2). In fact, on one of my obvious fakes [For those unfamiliarwith Angel Kochev, proprietor of the gift Sofia museum copies both the obverse the "controversy", see the "Black Sea shop, if these copies were made by the and reverse die link with a Heritage Hoard" sidebar on page 7]. famous Siavei. His response was espe­ specimen (H-32). Further, using the When Wayne Sayles pointed out the cially amusing and gratifying to me. He Heritage group of Mesembria diobols modem die engraving technique (eel­ said emphatically no, that Siavei does as a control group, nine Mesembria ex­ aror, September 1992 pp. 34ff.) used to much better work, and these are made amples in the Nesebur Museum which were photographed by Dr. Flegler can be die linked to the copies purchased at the Sofia museum. KBltrAHIlHII N "'-Jlc..JL...J Although there is not a similar die l' study for comparison of the Apollonia diobols, I am sure the result would be ••• similar. If anyone still suspects that these coins are anything but modem copies,l can only recommend contacting Mr. Angel Kochev at the National Histori­ cal Museum in Sofia, who would, I'm sure, be happy to supply any quantity requested.

(Frank Kovacs is an ancient coin dealer, researcherand author wfth over 30 years experience in the field. He is highly regarded for his expertise in the area of ancient Greek coinage, and is a mem­ Figure 1 ber ofthe IAPN Anti Forgery Committee.) National Historical Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria. Receipt from the museum gift shop in favor of F.L. Kovacs for 2 Mesembria copies and 2 Apollonia copies.

6 The Ce/ator Figure 2 Ole Study of 48 Specimen. from Heritage Rere Coin Gallerle. 01. O-R 01. O-R A A·l : H2, H13 B B-1: HS; H6 A-2: H4 B-2 : H7; H8 A·3: Hl B.3 : nOlle A-4: none B-4 : H9 A·5: H12: H14 B·5 : none A-6: H3 B-6 : none A-7: H46 B-7: Hl0; Hll A-8 : H38: H39 B-8 : none A·9: H41: H44 B·9 : none DI. O-R 01. O-R C C-l : H18 0 0-1: none C·2 : H16 0·2: none Figure 3 Figure 4 C·3 : H15 0·3 : H22 C-4 : none 0-4 : H2O: H2l Mesembria copy from Sofia Mesembria copy from Sofia C-5: H17 0-5: none museum gift shop-die finks museum gift shop--die links C·6: none 0·6: H19 with Heritage obverse G. with Heritage obverse H. C·7: none 0 ·7: none C·8: H40 0 ·8: none C·g : H42 O·g: none 01. O-R 01. O-R E E·1 : none F F·l : none E·2: none F·2: none E-3: H25 F·3: H29 E-4: H23 F-4: H27, H28 E·5: none F·5 : none E-6: none F-6 : none E·7: none F·7 : none E-8: H24 F-8 : H26 E·g: none F·9 : nOlle 01. O-R 01. O-R G G·, : none H H·t : nOlle G·2: H31 H·2 : none G-3: none H.3 : nOlle G-4: none H-4: H48 G-5: H30 H·5 : H35: H36 Figure 5 Figure 6 G·6: H32 H-6 : H34 G-7: H33 H-7 :none Mesembria copy from Sofia Mesembria copy from Sofia G·8 : H37 H·8 : nOlle museum gift shop-

The Black Sea Hoard In December, 1988, a group of debased silver diobols appeared in the ancient coin market. These coins, of the types from Mesembria and Apollonia Pontica on the Black Sea, were quickly condemned by a number of dealers in the trade, as well as by the curator of Greek coins at the British Museum. The original purchaser of coins sold in the United States was Heritage Rare Coin Galleries. When a substantial group of the coins were returned to Heritage as fakes, the firm commissioned Dr. Stanley F1egler of Michigan State University to determine their authenticity. Dr. F1egler, using an Electron Scanning Microscope, conducted tests which he claimed proved the authenticity of the specimens tested. Dr. F1egler's conclusions led to a prolonged controversy which pitted the sophistication of modern science against the "street-smart" experience of many professional numismatists. The developing controversy was exacerbated when the of the numismatic publishing world, Krause Publications and Coin World, published articles supporting the assertions made by Dr. F1egler. Fortuitously, at one point in the saga of events, Dr. Flegler shared with The Celatorphotographs of 48 specimens from the Heritage group­ the coins upon which his analysis was based. The die study ofMesembria coins accompanying this article was derived from those photographs and is explained in greater detail in Vol. 6, No.9 (September 1992) of The Celator. In an attempt to settle the issue, Dr. FlegJer travelled personally to Bulgaria and examined coins in museums near the ancient sites. He photographed at least nine specimens at Nesebur, all of which die-linked in some respect with the Heritage specimens. This was offered as further proof of the authenticity of the Heritage group. The official pronouncement of the International Association of Professional Numismatists (IAPN), through their agency known as the International Bureau forthe Suppression of Counterfeit Coins (lBSCC), is that the coins analyzed by Dr. FJegJer are ancient counterfeits.

August 1993 7 The Celator's Hand The three celators of Seleucia and Isauriae

dies. I will, less eloquently, give names possibly a fibula, in the center of the by Harlan]. Berk to the three celators' work in Seleucia, chlamys of both rulers, and was pro­ and the one who continued in Isauriae duced only at the A officina. This is the the next year. celator that produced the same distinc­ It is interesting that sometimes an tive product the next year at lsauriae. I art icle can take 15 years and two hours BUGFACE have tried to fmd an lsauriae and a to write, but some do. like thisooe. You This celator was the most prolific Seleucia reverse used with one obverse recognize a problem or subject, resolve and the least interesting of tbe three at die, but to no avail. We must drag our ii, and then think it over for a time, say Seleucia. His work was struck at the A celator up the mountain to lsauriae, so 15 years. One day, with your deadline and B officinae, with one standing fig­ he could work on site. We picture the bours away and your original project ure die at the r workshop. He proouced lsauriae example of his work. From the impossible, you write it in two hours, all the standing figure types, as well as Seleucia mint, there is a miserable photo hoping it doesn't look that way. This is most of the bust type folies and the half of an excellent example in the Hunt one of those times. folies. His faces were softly modeled, if Byzantine Sale, December 5-6, 1990, The mints of Seleucia and lsauriea at all, with the only distinctive feature lot #277. were active during the reign of Herac­ being the bug eyes-hence the name It is quite interesting that, at two lius from A.D. 615-618. Put into "Bugface". mints that produced no planchets and, in operation on the southeast coast ofTur­ fact, overstruck all of their output, l can key to support the raids ofHeracliuson SCARECROW fmd no evidence of an obverse die being the Persians, Seleucia was the primary These are all bust types produced used at two different officinae. This mint, while lsauriae, in the nearby only at therare!J., rand Eofficinae, with must mean that the officinae were in mountains, conducted operations in A.D. no more than five examples of each different pans of the camp, and had no 6 18 for the year immediately following officina recorded. These dies are very common storage area at the end of the the closing of Seleucia. The two mints crude, but extremely vigorous. The face day. were never in operation at the same ofHeraclius is the most interesting, with I must thank Heraclius for his mili­ time, The mints produced both standing a large puggy nose connected to eye­ tary exercise, which has given me much figure and bust types portraying Herac­ brows which continue in an unbroken numismatic exercise. Iius and Heraclius Constantine wearing line down and around the face, creating A note about the kind letter written crown and chlamys, with the primary a beard. The most distinctive feature is in reference to my distater ankle in The emperor, Heraclius, on the left, the straw-like hair, which falls haphaz­ Celator-Thank You. I write some­ Thirty years ago, when I began thls ardly down from the bottom of the times about things I'm selling because, professional numismatic endeavor, I was oversized crown rather than growing at the time, it's the newest, best toy I a fancier of U.S. large cents from 1793 from the head, looking, of course,like a have to play with, and I find it exciting to 1814, especially those of 1793 and "'scarecrow". and want to share it. I am careful not to 1794. I very much like the name Dr, advertise an item I'm writing about in Will iam Sheldon attached to the various DlAMONDCHLAMYS the same issue. Again-Thank You. dies, such as the "apple cheek", "straw­ This die is rather well done, and berry lear, and the "starred reverse" always has a very large diamond shape,

Coin struck from Coins struck from dies Coin struck from dies engraved dies engraved by engraved by -Bugface-at Seleucia by ·Scarecrow· at Se/eucia ·Scarecrow· at Se/eucla

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Roman Empire, Galba, A.D. 68-69. AE Mstcrtius . Draped bust Siculo-Punlc Coinage. " Ptople of the Camp," c. 300·290 B.C. of Galba, laureate with oak wreath, right. Reverse: S.P. Q.R. O.B. Sil ver Tdn.. drachm. Head of HerakJes. wearing lion's skin, right. elv. SER. within oak wremh. RIC 297. BMC 116. About Reverse:: Head and nec k. of horse len, palm tree behind, Punic leg­ Extremely Fine. pleasant brown patina. . . $ 3,850 elKl below. Jenkins SNR 57, 315. Choice Extrtmdy Fine. Of From Ille ricilly dewi/ed, high reliejpor/r(lil 10 111£ broad planche/, exceptional style, an details Sharply struck! ...... $ 2,250 litis ses/a/ius is absolutely mcdollic i1l appearance. An IInlislUllly choice example of IIIis jascinaling cOiTUlge.

Campania, Nell polis. c. 280 B.C. Sil ver Dn;\chm. Diademed head Sicily, Syracuse, c, 478472 B,C. Sil"er Drachm. Naked youth of ny mph lert, Gamma behind. Reverse:: Man-Ilcadcd bull walking riding horse right. Reverse: Head of -Arethusa. wearing right, head facing. being crowned by Hying . SNG ANS 42Ov. pearl diadem, right; legend before. Boeh. 283. Ve ry Fine and rare. C hoice Very Fine, exceptional surfaces!...... $ 935 Unusually well struck! ...... , , ...... $ 750 Unusually weIl struck. and cimered, A faTe and tksirable coin. Early SyrQClIsan drachms are seldom encounlered litis nice.

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August 1993 9 Thehistory and coinage

Bronze coin of TamtCO of Iberia typIceJ 01 earlrlberlan laaues Part 3: Spain in the late Republic and early Empire

by Ron Kollgaard

Rome acquired the coastal regions ber of populist laws in the Roman As· Sulla used hisanny to take control of the of Iberia from Canbage following the sembly and attempted to circumvent the city of Rome in the name of the conser· Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.). In Senate, but both were killed by pro-. vative, pro-Senate faction, forcing the protecting the new provinces the Ro­ Senate mobs. Oneoftheirconservative populist Marius to flee. mans found themselves in an almost opponems was Scipio Aemilianus, who SuUa then left to campaign in the constant stale of warfare with the Iberian had finally ended the Celtiberian wars east,leaving Cinna as one of the consuls and Celtiberian tribes of the peninsula, in 133 B.C. The populist trend of the in Rome. Cinna, however, revoked much and it was not until 133 B.C. that the Gracchi continued with the rise ofGaius of Sulla's reactionary legislation. military strength of the most powerful Marius. Among his other military Marius' death in 86 B.C., and the mur· of the tribes had been crushed. Only the achievements, in 101 B.C. Marius de· der of Cinna in 84 B.C., allowed Sulla to northwestern quarter of the peninsula feated the Cimbri, who had crossed over again take control of Rome by force in remained independent-and the home from Gaul and raided northern Spain. 82 B.C. Sulla revived the ancient post of hostile tribes-but the fmal conquest More ominously for Rome, Marius also of dictator and attempted to curb the of Iberia was deferred as Rome turned used his anny to eliminate political op-­ power of the Assembly, leaving power inwards. The growth of the Empire panents in the city. in the hands of the Senatorial class. A following the Second Punic War placed Rome was plunged into the Social massacre of the populist faction fol· strains on the government of the Roman War (90·87 B.C.) when the Italian cit· lowed. Sulla retired in 79 B.C., but not Republic, and tensions between rival ies, rebuffed in their desire to be granted before stopping a counter coup by Mar· political factions grew until civil wars full rights of Roman citizenship, took to CllS Lepidus. finally erupted. anns. Rome was able to suppress this Spain was not immune from the po. Much of the political strife in Rome rebellion, although the rights were ex· I litical upheavals of the age. In 83 B.C. began with the tribunes Tiberius Grac· tended. The deep strains led to violent Quintus Sertorius, a supporter of Marius chus and Gaius Gracchus, the sons of conflicts between Marius and other and Cinna, was appointed governor of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, who had powerful political figures, such as Lu· Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain), one pacified the Celtiberians in 178 B.C. cius Cornelius Cinna and Luc ius ofthetwoprovincesofIberia. Senorius The youngerGracchi introduced anum· Cornelius Sulla. After the Social War, had to contest his position with pro-. Sullan forces in Spain, but was fmally able to establish himself there. Then, with there-emergence ofSulla Maine Classical Numismatics in Rome, Sertorius chose to fonn what 2069 Atlantic Hwy., Warren, Maine 04864 was in effect a pro... Cinna government· in ... exile. By 77 B.C. most of Hispania Bowley's: A full service coin center Citerior had rallied to his cause, and Open 7am to 5pm Mon. thru Fri. and 7am to 4pm on Sat. Senorius made Osca in the northern interior his headquarters and capital. U.S. Route #1 , Warren, Maine The followers of the failed coup of Phone 207-273-3462 - H. 207-273-2653 Lepidus joined him, as did many of the Iberian and Celtiberian tribes, and When in Maine stop in and see us. We will be glad to see you. Sertorius found himself in command of a substantial military force. Barrie Jenkins - Classical Numismatist The Senate sent several annies to Spain to suppress Senorius, but they 10 The Ce/ator were defeated. Sertorius, in fact, at­ virate" against the reactionary power of cause was taken up by his adopted heir, tempted to expand his power base to the Senate. Takingseparate commands, Gaius Octavius, who defeated first include both Spanish provinces. The Pompey was able to manage the con­ Caesar's assassins and then Mark An­ opposing forces fought heavily in the quest of the Greek kingdoms in the tony to become master of the Roman western reaches of Hispania Ulterior eastern Mediterranean, while Crassus world. Octavian was a mediocre gen­ (Farther Spain) between 79 and 76B.C., was killed in Parthia, and Caesar con­ eral, and counted on his close ally Marcus but Sertorius was unable to secure the quered Gaul. Agrippa for military skill, but he was an entire province. In 76 B.C. he was Tensions were high between Caesar unparalleled administrator and restruc­ forced to move north and defend the and Pompey, who had since gotten the tured the entire Roman social and general region around Osca and the Ebro backing of the Senate, prompting Cae­ political order. Awarded the title Au­ River. sar to cross the Rubicon and invade Italy gustus in 27 B.c., he was the first Among the generals sent against in 49 B.C. Pompey'sbesttroopswerein emperor of Rome. Sertorius was a young Gnaeus Pompeius distant Spain, however, and he was The Romans, being absorbed in vari­ (later known as Pompey the Great). forced to retreat to the east. Caesar ous civil wars, had made no attempt to Pompey was given a command in His­ moved into Spain and defeated the follow up on the gains Caesar had made pania Citerior, with Quintus Caecilius Pompeian army in the north, and then in northwestern Iberia in 61 B.C., al­ Metellus Pius, a general of equal rank, proceeded east, where Pompey himself though revolts by the Lusitani still had operating from Hispania Ulterior. Nei­ was f mally beaten and then assassinated to be dealt with. But with the rise of ther was able to catch Sertorius, and in 48 B.C. Caesar, after remaining in Augustus the political situation was both were chronically short of money. the east for awhile, returned to Spain to stable enough for major action. With all Pompey at one point threatened to re­ destroy the last serious remnants of the resources of the Empire behind him, turn to Rome if his demands for funds Pompey's army in the Battle of Munda Augustus planned a systematic assault were not met. At last they were in 74 in Hispania Ulterior. Pompey's elder and annexation of non-Roman Iberia. B.C., and the tide began to tum against son Gnaeus Pompeius was killed at In 29 B.C. the initial stages of the war Sertorius. Munda, although the younger son Sex­ began. It was considered important Not wishing to stay with a losing tus Pompeius escaped. Sextus built up enough that Augustus himself came to cause, many of the Celtiberian and Ibe­ a sizable fleet and remained a thorn in Spain in 27 B.C. to take direct com­ rian all ies defected, prompting Sertorius the side of Caesar and Octavian until the mand. As happened more than once, to increase tax rates and conspire with latter's forces caught up to him in 36 though, Augustus grew ill as battle foreign enemies of Rome. This only B.C. neared and he turned over the army to hastened his fall, but the actual end of Caesar's assassination in 44 B.C. led others. By 24 B.C. most of the major Sertorius came from a different quarter to a new round of civil wars. Caesar's strongholds had been captured, and when he was assassinated by one of his own generals, Perpema Veiento, in 72 B.C. Perperna then assumed control over ROMAN IMPERIAL the rebel state, but was not up to the task. He was defeated and the rebellion ANCIENT NEAR EAST crushed. Pompey, who had not distin­ guished himself any more than Metellus, ISLAMIC & INDIAN COINAGE moved quickly against Perperna, sack­ Our Specialty ing Osca and many other important cities. This earned for Pompey vast amounts of booty, important for his ris­ ing political career, and Spain was to become one of Pompey's political strongholds. Pompey was not the only Roman to use military victories in Spain for do­ mestic polilical gain. The populist Gaius Julius Caesar, as governor of Hispania Ulterior, marched forth against the Lusitani and other tribes who were again Interested in buying rare or high grade Roman, Greek. Greek raiding the province. In61 B.c. Caesar Imperial, Byzantine, Ancient Near Eastern and Indian coins. moved deep into the unconquered northwestern quarter of Iberia , winning For Serious Collectors - Occasional Lists much booty and the award of a triumph. However, the hostility of the Senate prevented Caesar from actually having WILLIAM B. WARDEN, JR. his triumphal procession through Rome. Caesar thus joined up with Pompey and ~ P.O. BOX 356 [I] Marcus Licinius Crassus, another pow­ NEW HOPE, PA 18938 4\ erful figure who had put down the slave (215) 297-5088 'WI revolt of Spartacus in 71 B.C. These ~!" three fonned the infonnal"First Trium- August 1993 11 Augustus was awarded a triumph for his Carthaginian origins, different designs victory, officially considered the final and Phoenician letters were used in­ victory in Rome's long involvement in stead. Iberia. In fact, it was not quite over, and The dating of these native issues is a serious revolt in 19 B.C. prompted somewhat uncertain, and while some Augustus tosendAgrippa to Spain. With have believed that it began c. 220 B.C., the suppression ofthis revolt, however, more recent research suggests a later all Iberia was firmly part of the Roman date, perhaps as late as c. 150 B.C. Also, CoIn of Casrulo WIth Latin legend Empire. it is possible that the final burst of native issues came during the time of Sertorius. These coins were struck in silver and Lauro, which has not been located in bronze, with the weights and denomina­ modern times, seems to have struck for tions being consistent with regular Pompey j ust before Sertorius captured Imperial issues. Initially the wealth of the city . On the other hand, both Sagun· Spain and the anti·Sullan faction kept tum and Valentia seem to have struck Sertorius frnancially secure, which was their coins with Latin inscriptions dur­ reflected in the large number of coins ing the time when they supported issued. Indeed, Sertorius seems to have Sertorius. Silver coin of O$cffOf the typical squandered his funds on displays in­ The vengeance which ended the Iberian male dsityjhorseman type tended to maintain his popularity. This Sertorian War, particularly by Pompey, would also account for the continued brought the native silver coinage of Spain During the long period of Rome's use of Iberian letters, as the support of to an end, although some of the bronze conquest of Iberia, local coinage was the native tribes was important. may have lingered on. An issue from struckat a variety of sites, and was used The opposite reason (perhaps) is why Oscidera in Hispania Citerior has a re­ to pay the tribute that went to the Ie· Castulo in southern Hispania Citerior, verse that seems imitative of one struck gions. Thestandard type of these issues which did not support Sertorius, changed by Caesar showing an elephant tram· has a male bust on the obverse, presum­ from Iberian to Latin letters on its coin pling on a serpent. This would date ably representing some local deity, and legends. Sertorius later took the city by a horseman on the reverse. A legend in stonn, and all coinage from there ended. Iberian letters also appears on the re­ Likewise, the switch to Latin letters in verse. In Hispania Ulterior, where some Iliberis in Hispania Ulterior has been of the cities had Phoenician and linked to the presence of Pompey. And

c./. Martin (Coins) Ltd 8tonze coin oI0scldera with of London, England. elephant trompIing._ ,.verse these coins to 49 B.C. or soon after. Our current 24 page Being deeper in the interior, Osicerda catalogue contains produced these with legends in Latin and Iberian, although the principle about 500 Greek Spanish mints of the late Republic, and Roman coins, Emporiai and Tarraco, struck only with Latin letters after Sertorius, the nature 200 English of the designs also having been altered Hammered from those depicting Iberian deities. and a wide Instead, late Spanish bronze displays types such as those from Emporiai, with range of the helmeted head of Roma on the ob­ an tiquities. verse and a ship's prow on the reverse. These types represent a mixture of de­ C.J. Martin (Coins) Ltd signs then being employed on ~ 85, The Vale, Southgate, London N14 6AT, England Established 20 years Tel: (0)818821509 Fax: (0)818865235 Telephone Visa (; Mastercard, accepted OUR CATALOGUES INCLUDE ANCIENT GREEK BRONZE, GREEK SILVER, ROMAN SILVER (; BRONZE, BYANTINE, CELTIC, ANGLO SAXON, NORMAN, Bronze coIt1 of SJ.gtli1tUm with Roma HN<\MERED MEDIEVAl, ANCIENT ARTIFACTS, HOARDS (; SPECIAL OFFERS obverse and ship's prow reV8fSe

12 The Cefator ANCIENT ANTIQUITIES AND ARTIFACTS

EGYPT 31 _. lst·3rd Cent. A.D. Plain ring . 2 .3cm in dia. 55. _. 7lh, lOth cent. A.D. Bronze c.oss, with one 1. XVIII Dyn. Pottery vessel · cup with pedes'" Found in Cordorba, Spain .,. Choice 17.50 11m gone, 6 .5cm x 4 .3cm. Probably used for fool. "'oken and repaired. 8 em AVG . 70.00 32. _._. Bronze su'gic,1 pin with twin points. appliqlHl on robe or c/oat , Choice 55.00 2. Early Dynastic. Bone ring, pla in. 1.7c m in cross·l\atcl\ing on Shift. Green patina. ANGlO· SAXON die...... Superb 55.00 ...... Choice 32.50 57. Anglo· Suon. 6th·7th cent. A. D. bronze 3. XIX DVn. Bright blue faience usn' bti fOOII.eg. 33. _. Silver band earring. 2 .5cm .. Ch . 30.00 brooch, ornate relief work. 3.1 cm x 3 ,3cm. End wi heiroglvphs. 1.5cm , , . Choice 32.50 34. 1 st·3rd Cent. A.O . Bronze bell buckle with flat lind pin missing. Choic e 37 .50 4. XXVI OVn. Blue/green fa ience pleque with tongue. 3cm long. ex: Cordobe Spaineh. 40.00 MEDIEVAL leather toP. fragment with little design present. 35 _._. Bronze fibula pf an Unusual shape, pin 58. Medieval . 125().1 500 A.D. Bronze pin, bail on Nice colo,...... Choice 18.50 missing. 3cm. From Jeen, Spain. . Avg. 13.50 the end. 4 cm long. Choice 37.50 5. XXVI Oyn. Lt . 9'8lHl laience ushabti 10' 50 frag. 36 _._. large bronze sl\ield·shaped stud, used for 59 Bronze BuCkl e wltongue. 2.2cmCh. 35.00 w i heiroglyphs. 2cm high .• . .• Choic8 27.50 hprse trappings. 2cm in di• ..... Choice 16.50 60. _' Bronze applique of sun burst of eight "'" 6 . XXVI Dyo . Blue laience ,ing 01 eye 01 Hcwvs, 37. _'_' Bronze ,pplique of stylized animal heads. with gilding. 2.3cm ...... , . Choice 32.00 Only ~~ . l kill ...... Avg. 15.00 3.Scm. From .men, Spain ..•.••• Ch . 35.00 62. _. Bronze ring with etched cross on bezel. 7. Lale Dynastic. Green faience bead wi lh two 38 _ ~ Bronze ring with twisted bronze 1.4cm Found in .leen aree , ...... A.. 75.00 signs. Scm ...... Choice 16.50 attachment 5.5cm .... , . Choice 15.00 63. _. Bronze apoliClue pin/finial. Ends in ooint, 8. 15t Cent. B.C. Small glass mill e liori pl.que 39. _._. Bronze broaCh pem.nnul" type. Cast with hole in top and middle. Some gilding, 6.Scm frag, Many colo.s, leaf design. 1. 1 ~ , 5cm Usecl IS and d~signed bronze work · very Itt"ctive. Pin Found in Se~ille .. . Choice 35.00 Inlll Y ...... Superb 47.50 miSSing...... Choice 22.50 64. _. 1275· 1500. Bronze sCl uare buckle with 9, Coptic ' 5th·6th Cent. L~mp handle wilh 40. _. Bronze fib ula, penannular, round design. tongue, wpe lR. 2.7x2,2cm Choice 35,00 typic~ 1 COptiC he~d ~nd headdress. Chips to 3.8cm dia. Hattatt. 11 6 Choice 27.50 65. ~ . 1300·1500. Bronze belt buckle wi th heed...... Avg. 19.00 41 . _._. T.C. loom weight, twO suspension holes. tongue. 2.5cm long . . .. " .. Choice 19.50 HOLY LAND 6.5cm wide ...... Choice 12.00 66. _,_. 14OQ.16OO. Bronze dagger chape, loop at 10. Ancient Israel. c. 100 B.C. Faie nc e betd 42._._. lot of 3 bronze pbjec\$: Arrowhead lip end 2.5cm high ...... Choice 26.50 gona white. 1.7c m dia ...... Avg . l 0.00 broken. bead. twisted pin , . . . . Avg. 16.00 67. _ _ Bronze mounting plate, used to mount 14. Anc~n ll s rae l. 100 B.C. Black Sletlites pindle 43. Bronze stud, I .Scm. Found in Saville. embossed mounts on v8$sels, some gilding . 4cm whorl. 2.5cm in dia ...... Choic e 25.00 Spein . • . •....•••••••..... Choice 18.00 long ...... Choice 14.00 15. _. h ience bead gone while 1.6cmAvg. 9 .50 44. _._. T.C. I,mp with pig in londo. 8onom 68. _. IOth· 12th cent . AE ring fragment with 16. Bronze bell, pierced in lOP centre. 2.5cm in broken off...... Average 16.00 elong ..ed rhomboid pellets on each side, gilding. di• . Crack & chip ...... Avg. 17.50 45. _. 2nd· 3rd cent A,D. Bronze applique plaClue , 2. l cm. Nice fragment . Choice 25.00 lS. J udaea, 1000 B.C. Faie nce vISe wilh slraight panther advancing I. hetd to r. F"gment. 3,3 ~ 69. _. 1100-1300. Lead ,mpulla frag ment. only si des,gona while. trace green on base. 5cm, Only 2.5cm ...... Choice 37.50 one s id e with s ix ray star. Loop at top. 3.3cm in helf pruent Avg. 37.50 46. _. 2nd·4th cent, Iron key with link end dia...... Average 35.00 19. Parlhian, 3rd· 1st Cent . B.C. Bronze fibula, missing. 7.5cm . . Average 20.00 70. _. 14th, 15th cent. Bron~e d~gg e . chape, bant arm. no pin. 3.2cm long Choice 25.00 47. _._. Iron belt buc kle tOngue. 2 .6cm long ornate decofalion, 3cm high Choice 40.00 20, Phoenicia n, 2nd· 1 Sl cenl. B.C. Glass eye .. Choice 12.00 71. _. 1400-1500. Bronze finial with fleur·de·lis betd, red eye on blue matrix .. gem in dia. 48 , _,_. AE belt tongue 2.5c m wlloopCh. 16.00 design. 2.1cm wide . . Choice 35.00 ...... Choice 37.50 49, . 2nd 4th A D. Bronle belt plaClue 72. _'_' Bronu buc kle wi double loop rectangle· GREEK 2 .2cm ...... , ...... Choice 15.00 19. Type Ill,. 5.Sx3,Scm Ch. 35.00 22. Gree k. 41h cenl. B.C. Bl ack figure 49 . _. lst·4lh cent. A.D. Bronu ,pp~Clue star of 73. ~. 1400-1600. Bronze rosette stud. 3.1c m in (), used lor perfume or oils. Surf. ce chipped 8 rays. a ay encrusted. 3.S c m .. 0.. 22.00 dia . Lovely design ...... Superb 4 2. 50 off. 17cm Nica $hape & intact Avg . 75.oo 50. _. 2nd-4th A.D . Bronze broach round shield 74 . _. l6OQ.1700. Bronze bo~ a ppliClue with 25. Gr ~ k 2nd cenIB.C. T.C. piriform bonle, top top. 2.8cm. Chip a t side ...... 24.50 shield design. 3.5cm Choice lS.oo broken off ...... Choice 17.00 52. _. 3rd-5th cenl. A.D. Bronze s pindle whorl in SPANtSH ROMAN rosette design . . . . . Choice 24.00 75, _. 181h centUry. Ornate pendant earring. 4cm 27. 15t cenl. A.D. Clear blue glass bud .. 9cm In 53. _. 5th-6th cent. A.D, Bronu bell buckle. high. Lovely meralwork . Choice 15.00 dia. .. Choice 16.00 Found in Egypt. . Choice 22.50 76. _. 1500-1550. Buckle single loop, 0 shapa , 29. Ist· 2nd cent. AD AE pin end 6cmCh. 20.00 54 . _._. Bronze expanding cross in circl. pattern. Type IF. 3.2cm Choice 17.00 30. . T.C. lamp Roman style bust in pattern. 2.8 x 8 cm. Broken, repairable londo. 7.5c m. di a. Chip Avg . 35.oo ...... Choice 65.00

All coins ~ guaranteed to be geniunc. I tcm ~ m~ )' be returned within 15 d~ ys, P l c ~ sc make ~ymcnt in U. S. f und.~ and on a U.S. bank , CT reside nts please add saJcs t :LX . ALEX G. MAUOY, INC. Mailing COSIS as fo llows: Purcha.o;e below S I SO.OO . S350 S ISOJJO· I99.00 ... $4.00 P. O. BOX 38 SA LEM S200.00-299.00 $6.00 NEW YORK IO:lo90 S300.00-999.00 ,lO ti out sitk US . 58 ,SO $1000.00 ~nd ovc r SI UO (20)) 43 8·0396 WritC or phone for our I~t e sl catalogues: Ancient Coins Medieval Coins FAX (203) 438-6744 Ancient An :lnd Antiquities

August 1993 13 standard Roman issues. Coinage with a small number of sil ver victoriati were purely Roman references was also struck probably issued by the Scipio brothers at some of the colonies which had been in Spain before they were killed in battle founded in Iberia and settled with Ro­ by the Carthaginians, and before Serto­ man and Italian citizens and soldiers. rius was able to firmly establish himself The time of Caesar's governorship in in power in Hispania Citerior, Gaius Spain,c. 60 s.c., may represent the last Annius struck Roman denarii similar to years of most native bronze, as the cities those in use throughout the Empire. The of Spain seem to have been Iowan obverse shows a female bust, identified D6nsr1us stnJck by Galus Ann/us revenue and thus less ahle to produce as the Annia Perenna, the legendary depicting au-. DIdo 01 CaI1hag& significant issues of coins. founder of Carthage, Queen Dido, prob­ Even before the conclusion of the ably because theAnnius' family claimed to becoming involved heavily in the war Sertorian Wu, some standard Roman to be distant descendants. The reverse against Sertorius, Metellus struck two coins were struck in Spain. As early as shows Victory in a quadriga, a common issues of denarii in Spain c. 81 B.C. the beginning of the Second Punic War, design on Republican denarii. Just prior These both have a bust of Pietas on the obverse, some withan elepham reverse. Some Roman governors also struck in Spain, though in limited quamities. Oomitius Calvinus, who was in Spain from 39-36 B.C., struck a few issues from Osca that have the same male bust so common on native Iberian coinage. Leu Numismatics Ltd. The reverse, however, has religious implements instead of the usual horse· Zurich, Switzerland mon.

Bronze coin of Osca. strucl< by Domili... CaMnus, with ro/iglou. Implements depicted on the f8V91"$6

Other standard Roman coins are of interest to Iberian history, even if they were not struck on the peninsula itself. The relatively large issue of denarii struck by the moneyer Gnaeus Lentulus in 76 B.C. may have been sent to Metellus in Spain, while that of Gaius Postumius in 74 B.C. was likely in­ tended for Pompey. As the political difficulties of the late Republic intensified, coinage be­ Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins came a tool for various political factions in spring. and began to depict events meant to We issue occasiona/lists. congratulate one individual or another. Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and Pompey's feats in Spain were some of the topics illustrated. Terrentius Varro, from Quadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. one of Pompey's generals in Spain, is­ We actively buy and sell at all price levels. sued denarii with a reverse design of a dolphin, sceptre, and eagle as a symbol ofPompey's victories on land and sea in Spain and elsewhere. More specific references appear af· ter Pompey's death. A number of types of denari i were struck for Gnaeus Leu Numismatics Ltd. /n Gassen 20 CH-8001 Zurich Switzerland Pompei us in Spain. These typically Telephone (from the US) 011 411 211 47 72 Telefax 011 411 211 46 86 show the bust of Pompey the Great on the obverse, with a figure of Pompeius 14 The Celator Bronze coin of Gades whh Bronze coin of CordubIJ COITfff'IfHI'IOting the founding of the colony on on the reverse with female representa­ gustus' wife Livia are all shown in this 3741), with some issues also appearing tions of regions in Spain. Sextus manner, sometimes by themselves, in the names of Imperial family mem­ Pompeius also struck some denarii in sometimes in groups. The Roman colony bers. Under Claudius (A.D. 41-54), Spain, also featuring Pompey the Great of Romula struck bronzes with Au­ however, no local bronze coins were on the obverse. The backoftheseshows gustus' successorTiberius (A.D. 14-36) struck, and the practice was never re­ the goddess Pietas, an allusion to Sex­ on the obverse, and Gennanicus and vived. Some of the larger cities may tus' filial regard for his father and desire Drusus on the reverse, while coins of also have been mints for regular Impe­ for revenge. Julia Traducta have busts of the young rial denarii of Augustus, although this Coin production continued in Spain Gaius and Lucius Caesar, the natural was not continued underTiberius. Some following the end of the civil wars. children of Agrippa adopted by Au­ regular Imperial silver may have been Many of the coins struck commemo­ gustus, on the reverse. Agrippa himself struck in Spain from the short reign of rated special events, such as the founding appears on the obverse of coins from Galba (A.D. 68-69) until the early years of a Roman colony town, and have few several cities, including Gades and ofVespasian (A.D. 69-79), but, for the connections with the traditional native Canhago Nova. most part, the long tradition of local coinage of Iberia. Corduba, for ex­ Local Spanish coinage cominued, coinage in Iberia slowly died out during ample, struck bronzes with a bust of along similar designs. with Augustus' the early Empire. Augustus backed by a wreath enclosing successors Tiberius and Caligula (A.D. an inscription announcing the fonna­ tion of a colony, while other cities show either bulls or prieslS plowing on the reverse-all allusions to the rites that accompanied the fonnation of a new Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. city. Other reverse designs include a - NUMISMATISTS AND AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870- labyrinth, perhaps struck at Luco Augusti, and a temple from the city of IIIici. A few older references were re­ tained from cities that had long pro-Roman histories, with Osca pro­ ducing reverses with a riding horseman, and Emporiai adding a Pegasus, Au­ gustus being placed on the obverse of • PURCHASE AND SALE OF ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND both. Other coins also used Iberian letters. MODERN COINS AND MEDALS AS WELL AS OF IMPORTANT One feature of the Spanish coinage NUMISMATIC LIBRARIES of Augustus, copied in other local issues • AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC AUCTIONS I MAIL BID SALES A YEAR throughout the Empire, is the coinage struck with the names and portrailS of • APPRAISALS AND EXPERT ADVICE other members of the Imperial family. • A'ITENDING MOST MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SALES Gennanicus, Drusus Caesar, and Au- ON BEHALF OF CLIENTS Catalogs available by subscription at a biennial rate of U.S. $40 (4 issues). Payments may nm be made by Credit Card PLEASE CONTACT US FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Bornwiesenweg 34, 0-6000 Frankfurt a.M. 1 CERMANY Bronze coin 01 Taffaco depicting • PHONE 4%9-5 970281 FAX 4%9-555995 Cafus and LucIus Cae9ars

August 1993 15 Coins of the Bible New Akko attributions for tetradrachms

issues of Phoenicia, especially Sidon, 268, 269). On these coins, Zeus He­ by David Hendin which harmonizes with the use of the liopolites is not from Baalbek, but rather formula ofTyre. All the cities ofPhoe­ appears to be the "Ba'al of the Carmel" nicia which are at all likely are provided as described by Avi-Yonah in "Mount The billan silver tetradrachms of for except Ptolemais-Ace, which did Carmel and the God of Baalbek" , (Israel Caracalla and Macrinus, struck in many coin bronze in this period and for which Exploration Journal, Vol. II, No. 2 lowns across the Roman Empire, are a no silver has yet been found. But though (1952), pp. 11 8-124. The two symbols fascinating series. with many questions Ptolemais-Ace struck many types, no of this god are also the thunderbolt and still unanswered. such ear of wheat as this is to be found." the ear of barley- both of these sym­ Alfred Bellinger's book The Syrian Qedar argues that Ihis is where Bell­ bols are mint marks of Akko. Tetradrachms ofCaracalla and Ma cri· inger makes his mistake. ..It is now Qedar convincingly concludes that nus, which was published if the late Alfred Bellinger in 1940, is the standard "had all of these facts reference on the subject. available to him, he would Some types have been also have attributed these discovered since coins to the mint of Akko." Bellinger's work, andoth­ Previously several nu­ ers are subject to different mismatists have argued interpretations. convincingly that the coins Among the latter are the Bellinger attributed to coins attributed by Bell­ Orthosia, with the mint ingertoCyprus. The coins mark of "figures wearing have the reverse motif of calathus, holding in r. an eagle, head left, stand­ harpa or whip, in I. spindle ing upon an ear of wheat, orear of wheat, flanked by and are numbers 382 Bil/on tetradrachm of Caracalla now thought to have been two homed animals fac­ through 385 in Bellinger's struck in Akko-Ptolemais instead of Cyprus as was hypothesized ing" were, in fact, also book. by Bellinger (CoIn courtesy J. Herbst collection). struck in Akko-Ptolemais. More current, and per- In his book City-Coins of haps more relevant. information comes clear that theear ofbarley was one of the Eretz.-Israel and the Decapolis in the from professional numismatist Sbraga signs of the mint of Akko from the Roman Period, Ya 'akov Meshorer lists Qedar of Jerusalem. who believes that beginning," Qedar says. one (page 13, coin No.5). Meshorer Bellinger's Cyprus coins were, in fact, Here are Qedar's examples of coins describes the small figure of Zeus-He­ struck in Akko-Ptolemais (also called struck in Akko with the ear of barley: Iiopolites as "the chief deity of the city, Ptolemais-Ace) in Phoenicia. In recent I. Autonomous bronze coin. Ob­ here appearing as a mint-mark." A conversations, Qedar notes that Bell­ verse, head of Zeus; Reverse, eaf of number of other coins that were very inger himself casts doubt on Cyprus barley. Rosenberger, Volume I, No. 27. definitely minted in Akko-Ptolemais being the mint of origin of these coins. 2. On most of the Seleucid tetra­ depict almost identical images or Zeus­ On pages 104 and 105 Bellinger at­ drachms from the mint of Akko, the Heliopolites. One is the coin of Philip tributes the TYPE of these tetradrachms eagle has an ear of barley above his Senior with a statue of this god standing to Phoenicia. shoulder, in contrast to Phoenicia (Tyre in a small portable shrine (Meshorer Bellinger also reaches the conclu­ and Sidon) where the eagle appears with page 14 , coin No. 11). sion that these coins could be attributed a palm branch. Meshorer concludes his comments to Akko, and, Bellinger writes: "Nor 3. The ear of barley is one of the two about the city of Akko by noting that "In can we decide a priori what Caracalla 's symbols of Zeus Heliopolites, together Caracalla's reign, Ptolemais, like other tetradrachms from Cyprus should have with the thunderbolt. (Kadman, The important cities of the Roman East, looked like. It is more significant that Coinso!Akko-Ptolemais, Nos. 174, 196, minted sil ver provincial coins, indicat­ these do show a distinct likeness to the 197,206,207,220,221,243-5,256-8, ing its substantial economic and social standing. The emblem chosen to repre­ sent the city on these coins is a small fi gure of Zeus-Heliopolites between the Reader Response feet of the Roman eagle." is essential to the success of any publication. We are Sincerely Now we may assume that there are interested in your comments, criticisms, suggestions and desires. two types of tetradrachms of Caracalla that were struck in the important port Share your news, views and observations with others who city of Akko-Ptolemais. enjoy the fascination of antiquity as much as you do. Copyright @I993 by David Hendin Write to, The Celator, P.O. Box 123, Lodi, WI 53555

16 The Celator -, -, AE26 A. PIII.rr"., ... lid. _ , _. AE16 EI.g.blll.,4 col. '.m· , ,. pie ... "h . " or . wn " """'" -, -, AEII Elolob"II' TYCM lid. l od .. Vf...... moll .,,'k,n, n.", .. R 65 ANTIOCH ~ ASSOCIATES _, _, ADS Philip 1I1\.0000;ce, . at·" ARABIA. Nobo'_ ALII Are' .. 'e_~ by fOIl' ,,,.,,, .. r ' ,RRf5 IIIlTyc!oe 01 Oo",..... ,f. 65 236 - West Portal Avenue - 'E7 - , Seleu<:10 Plerla, AEll z.,uo/ ~, _ . Afle A ...as IVlwoman f.I...... oVf SO st....r,"" F• • 65 VG 20 Son Francisco. CA 94127 _ , _, AElO .._. f. 15 - . - , AE le Areto. IV .. Sho:>q ..- _ , _ , AEn .."'.. VC;. 20 ',"erosoed """"",,,..,0<. VF 3B _, - . some ...... ' _ ... Phone: (415) 564-5702 _ , _ , A[~ Tyd>elfu' ...... f 20 -, -. "'00 1-. GooU",f7".,M cha,,,,,n,' Vf '5 -. -. AEIl Robbel II and 5II"'1.i· 1_, ~,·~ ...:m":." .... f. w:; ~ I.. ,orouod """"""'PO'" Vf )8 COE1.f $YR:LA, Do ...... AEIO ~" I.JST NUMBER TltREI'. ZeusITyd>e ...,. ... F.R to "A rooe-,ed < .,.""d. TI"",.~ _ J""" W,IIi ... II ..."", f · 1$ AUI Hodr,on/Tyd>e .... ed. -, -, .."'.. VClf 2' fl.f.R 4a _ , -. AE23 H.",'O ..... AE16 _ , _ . "'flO Sep •. s..''/'','OIIot, T.ncI. r.JQ ~ _ .._ ond __ If ,.... _ to r<><:eI.., IU...... ' ... price list ...... In -"',...... 1'6.". bto ... n porooi'~.PIVG95 -. -, AEIi Ph,hp IlICOL HEt VeopasIon, All. den. Pa, ....od. " "'_' .""leL .VF 0(1 $oR 180 .Wlf 15 _, _, Afli Mm" f n _, ,_ AE:!I Sep •• Sev.1 ~ ~ .... Rom .. Sill006 f )O SPAIN. MOI_ ...En -, ApoIlonio "-leo, AEI6 -, -, AE2J Celli_oil""," • He .....',,""' ApoIIoI,n",,"or! __. _, Semt. W",a,h & SC f 20 buSl of Hoell"" L.11 'If 4 ~ Kykle oe.''''' L701.F n .... 111... r .. R 40 f _1M 5<., AR 00n. P,e... GAUl.. __ Aft ....h ...... _, _ , AD2 Geo.l·OO",.,e. L 752 .vr,II. IS _, a-.. 1M U,*-, AEl6 ..d.. SR 1365 ••oned \'f 75 ...... heocl/"""",,, f_.I~ "0,,,11 ... L108 f. SO _, II!!,.... AE20 ! Co.oco"oJMir, hOIdln, !>One A. Pi .... As F.,ic".. "4 RIC - , - , AD2 Corctlon IlIrryche RPC no: Ln~ Vf.R 15 Dion,_ "e,,,, GIC 248): L.U!>. f 2$ CI ...... ""'''_f f 0(1 SR 1641 YG, ",""",e. 70 T"'VRIC~a-­ - , - , Aoo Phil,p I • 0..",,1110/ -, -, AElJ CommOdllol.m_ Se.. .0.101. Ar Den. p", "_n&. _ .-.Ell ""''''''n/eM>. GIC 3&45: L701 f 60 Tyd>e ...... r.nl- L.153 r t 5 d,.. ,,,, qllO0"'< .... _, NI<:q>OI i> .... I.""m. AEI8 RIC :ro ull. In><:" T""".... An,. TiOiOuL fellclto. -, -,AEI5 YOIl,h/ul SII,y"""'· SG 1425 ,oned Vf ISO _, _, "'E19 De ..,,, ,,u, 111110.1 L.TI7 f .R 0(1 Bed,. f.R 23 "de. RIC '.0. Ef.I.Ef 85 • ..,. f",...p,,,. L.671 f 25 _ , _ , AE24 Mac"nus/ - , - , AR d,oO<:> l. Apollolrrlpod. OIo<:lell .... f olli' , A.,lod,". SG 1.2ti .oned Vf 85 _, _, "'E21 TyeMIIp/lln On -, -, AEil Sa.y./I,o", .nd ","dins. 1.119 VG 25 Genlu. ItdS. RIC 5U Vf 60 . rro".. L.610. of 2{1 PISlDlA, Iuo,lOdi. AO. Sepl. ttI

August 1993 17 Antiquities Excavations reveal industries of Tel Anafa

Tel Anafa is a small mound about closely dated by the number of coins by David Liebert 160 meters long by 110 meters wide and stamped handles found in rising some 10 meters above the plain of them. Of over 100 coins found. only the Jordan River beneath the Golan three have beginning dates later than 8S In orderla better understand the cul­ Heights. Aerial photographs show an B.C., and all of these were found in lUTe ofa particular period, archaeologists enclosure wall around the mound, and topsoil. Most of the coins could be will sometimes examine a particular site several large complex buildings within dated between lS0and8S-84 B.C. Only rich in material from the period as a it. At least three levels of Hellenistic five date earlier than that. Thus the coin paradigm for the area as a whole. To fmds alone are clear proof that the show how this is done I have chosen site, at least in its Hellenistic phase, the site of Tel Anara in the Upper was probably founded in the first Galilee. half of the 2nd century B.C. Two Although Tel Anafa has not been other main building phases can simi­ fully excavated, extensive explora­ larly be dated to the second half of tions of the Hellenistic levels were the 2nd century R C. and the first half made in the late 60's by the Museum of the 1st century RC. of Art and Archaeology of the Uni­ Similarly. all but one of the 44 versity of Missouri. In 24 weeks, a amphora handles found were large area was excavated to a depth Rhodian, and with one exception of over three meters, and it was found could be dated to the period between that over the area excavated the ex­ 146 S.C. and the period shonly after cavalians had barely reached the 88 B.C. The one exception dates to bottom of the extensive Hellenistic the period of 220 B.C. and. like the level. Test digs showed that the full five early coins, could not be linked depth of habitational debris may with any extensive level of habita­ reach asmuchas 12to 13 meters, and tion, thus reinforcing the theory that the site was probably inhabited as the main period of Hellenistic occu­ early as the 3rd millenium S.C. It is pation began in the ftrst half of the the extensive Hellenistic levels ex­ 2nd century B.C. pl ored during these excavations The general richness of the fi nds which I will concern myself with in in this site leave archaeologists with this anicle. the feeling that Tel Anafa must have Even before the excavations be­ been an uncommonly weahhy com­ gan, the general history of this site in munity. Its houses were elaborately the Hellenistic period was well Pottery of the style produced in decorated with stucco and gold leaf. known. The Hellenistic town was the 2nd-1st centuries B.C. at Tel Anafa as well as painted walls. Floors were founded at least as early as the 2nd covered with mosaics made of an century B.C. under the Seleucids. It remains were identified, with many exceptionally fine gradeoftesserae. Few flourished until the end of the first quar­ sublevels clearly indicated. other Hellenistic sites have yielded such ter of the 1st century B.C., when it A number of substantial buildings rich furnishings. probably fell to the forces of Alexander were found which shed light on the Finds from the site were rich in ex­ Janneus and was incorporated into the architectural styJeofthe Upper Galilee. amples of Hellenistic molded glass, Hasmonaean kingdom. A number of these buildings can be although most were fragmentary. It was calculated that tens of thousands of such vessels must have been in use during the relatively short period of Hellenistic We at The Time Machine Co. want to wish occupation at the site. Any student of ancient glass can tell you that such ves­ all our friends a happy and healthy summer sels were relatively scarce during the period, and must have been highly cosily. season and to remind you that we are always The only explanation seems to be that Tel Anafa must have been the site of a interested in purchasin!! your surplus ancient large center for the production of such vessels, but the factory or factories have coins and antiquities at a fair price. yet to be found. This was probably also true of the ~ The Time Machine Co. fine red slip Hellenistic pottery, often mold decorated, which was also found Box 282, Flushing Station, Queens, NY 11367· (718) 544-2708 I ¥i P.o. in great quantities. Imponed pottery, much of it Rhodian or East Greek in 18 The Ce/ator origin, indicates a lively trade with other areas of the Hellenistic world. The large number of oil lamps found, par· ticularlythosedecorated with twoErotes flanking the filling hole, may be an indication that this type of lamp was Mail Bid Sale II also produced locally. These lamps ARCHAEOLOGIA GALLERY, a leader in the antiquities market with 25 were extremely popular during the Hel· years experience, announces its forthcoming ca[a1ogue to be released Oct()­ lenistic period throughout the Holy her 1993. Archaeologia senres both the advanced collector/ investor and the Land, as can be attested by the many novice. We welcome your want lists so we may senre your needs better. examples found in other sites. It would Please send Jor a free fully illustrated catalogue. be highly useful for the study of Helle· Archaeologia Gallery nistic technology were the factory to be 1486 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, P.Q., Canada H3G lL3 found. A large and varied group of Tel.: (514) 932·7585 • Fax: (514) 932-9143 metal objects also attest to the town's Att.: Mail Bid Dept. wealth, although, surprisingly, few were of silver or gold. Although all of the evidence points to an extremely important site for the period, archaeologists are still not sure Li.dUSTFOR exactly which ancient Hellenistic town by Wayne G. Sayles stood on the site of Tel Anafa. Asyetno written documents have been found at Questions Answers the site mentioning its name. It is to be hoped that in the future, further ar· chaeological excavations will answer Is there Alexander tetradrachms are among the most some of these questions, but Tel Anafa to the pommon ()tsilyertolnsln the Greek series. They has already provided us with a unique on the ijrealso8.mOng the mOst confusing when it comes window into the life of the Hellenistic tetradrachms? to attribution ,by date and mint. The issue is period in the Holy Land. So the next complicateo by the fact that coins were struck in the time you see one of those Holy Land name of Ale~eiWeIl afterthefamous conqueror's lamps with the two which so de~th. Coirlsbearing the name Alexander appear often appear on the antiquities market, well i~rothe ~ thl{(j,<:entury B.C. and emanate from give a thought to the proud Greek· the remotest'()f.'post·Alexandrian kingdoms. speaking citizens of Tel Anafa in whose Until recently, the standard work on the series town (whatever its name may have been was the classification' of Ludwig MUlier, which in ancient times) it was almost certainly organized the gold and'sllver coins'of Alexander by made. class and mint. MOllerssyslem·dpclu(jes .~even classes or types, and isdiyi~d by mlntwitli Ii detailed listing of symtl01s .. The most. acCessible Owen list features copy of MOiler's work Is in the form o.f a 'paperbaCk reprintby publishers. This 19818difkin includes large selection of a shon introduction by AJ Oikonomides;tWopapers by Barclay Head, the Muller classifications, an ancient coinage addendum by Baron A. von Prokesch·Osten, a useful bibliography aM an fndex. Although the The Summer 1993 Fixed Price List of Ancient & Early Coins and Antiquities work Is out of print, Ills inexpensive and readily is now available from Edgar L. Owen. available among numismatic bookseliers. The list includes Greek. Roman and For tM serious collector of this series, the Byzantine coins in all price ranges. as definitive work Is Dr. Martin Price's monumental well as selections of the coins of ancient work The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Sicily and early Roman Imperial bronzes. Great andPhilipArrhldaeus. This huge two volume In all, the Roman world is represented dissertation contains more information than one with coins of more than 100 different imperial personages, including a rare could ever hope to digest. It was published in 1991 solidus of Basiliscus and Marcus. A as a joint venture between the British Museum and large number of Greek city·states and the Swiss Numismatic Society. Not only is Or. kings are also represented. Price's work comprehensive. it Incorporates a Antiquities include Egyptian and century of new thinking and detailed hoard Roman gold, Greek bronze, Celtic silver analysis-completely revising previous thought and and bronze, and various items from the attributions in many areas. ancient Middle East. Numerous There are, of course, specific monographs about discounted multiple lots are also Alexander's coinage from particular mints, however, included. The free illustrated list is obtainable these are really works for the die·hard collector or by writing to Edgar L. Owen, AD2. Box numismatic researcher. 710, Andover. NJ 07821.

August 1993 19 London Coin Fair Coming Events •••• changes location

Jul. 28-Aug.1 ANA Convention of Sept. 11th show Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore. Maryland The next london Coin Fair, Jul. 30 George Frederick Kolbe Auction scheduled to be held on Saturday, Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore. Maryland September 11th, moves temporarily Sep.9-11 Greater New York Numis. Conv. from its usual venue to the Forte Crest Omni Park Central Hotel, New York City Regents Park, Carburton Street, top Sep. 11 London Coin Fair Great Portland Street in l ondon, Forte Crest Regents Park, London, England England. The show is normally held at the Cumberland Hotel. Sep. 18 Numismatica Arelusa Auction Despite the change of venue, the lair Hotel Splendide Royal, Lugano. $witzerfand will have the usual mix of London and Rare Coin Exposition provincial dealers in coins, antiquities, Signal Hills Shopping Center, West St. Paul, Minnesota and related collectibles. The org anizers Oct. 7-8 Sotheby's Auction expect about 75·80 dealers to exhibit at 34-35 New Bond St., London, Eng/and the show, with general dealers in coins Oct. 11-13 Giessener Munzhandlung Auction predominating. Several specialists in Maximilianspfarz 20, Munich, Germany ancient coins, medals, paper money, tokens, medals, and numismatic books Oct. 14-16 COINEX will attend. Marriott Hotel, London, England Admission is from 9:30am until Oct. 18-19 A.G. van der Dussen Auction 5:00pm, and costs £2. Senior citizens, Hondstraat 5, Maastricht, Netherlands students, and children will be admitted Oct. 26-28 Sotheby's Auction lor £1. Parking is available in the NCP Hotel Baur au Lac, Zurich, Switzerland car park attached to the hotel, and there are meters in the vicinity which operate Oct. 29-31 Bay State Coin Show until 6:30pm. Alsofeatured is a purpose­ Park Plaza Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts -sr built bar and cafe facility in the exhibition suite itself. A mini-bus service from the Cumberland Hotel to the Forte Crest will 18 and 19 October 1993 operate from 8:30am until 3:00pm on the day of the show to transport stray Auction No. 20 in Maastricht attendees. The l ondon Coin Fair will Several hundred Roman coins (including gold) retu rn to its normal venue, the Cumberland Hotel, on its November 6th from the Republic to late bronze. show date. Byzantine gold. Munten van de Noordelijke en Zuidelijke Nederlanden (veel gaud). Seaby Coins moves Coins of the Low Countries, many in gold. Romisch deutsches Reich: 140 Taler. to a new location Seaby Coins, the London-based Gennan Talers: 250 StUck, division of Classical Numismatic Group, Early Hungary. Italy after 1800. has recently relocated its offices. Eric McFadden and Bridget Roe can now be All the coins are from private collections. contacted at 14 Old Bond Street,london W1X4Jl, England. Thefirm'stelephone Now the costs of the catalog, (including the realised price list after the sale) and fax numbers remain the same at Sorry, no free copies! (071) 495-1888 and (071) 499-5916 In Nederland: gaarne f 20 overmaken op Postbankrekening. 15.38.597 m.v.v. V.20. re spectively. Bel9'i I Belgique: Irs. 400: Gemeenickrediet NV, rekenin9 063-1557955-73 (Vooruitbetaling I Reglement d'avance s.v.p.) Deutschland: OM 20, Sparkasse Aachen, Konto 18390 (Vorauszahlung Auktion 20). U.S.A.: $20 airmail- (your personal check is OK with us). Other countries: In Europe, OM 20 in cash, or U.S. $20 in cash lor overseas destination s. Say you saw it in A.G. van der Dussen b.v., %e Ce{ator Hondstraat 5, NL·621 I IIW Maastricht, Netherlands

20 The Ce/ator Sotheby's is pleased to announce the sale of IMPORTANT GREEK & ROMAN COINS sold on the instructions of the Agent: Numismatic Fine Arts, International A Zurich, NO October 26-28, 1993 RESERVE SALE

This m~or event will be the largest sale of anciem coins in recent history and all lots are offered without reserve prices. Special evening sale followed by two-day auction Approximately 2,000 lots Only 10% buyers premium An additional selection of Greek and Roman Coins will be sold in New York December 9-10, 1993 TraveJling exhibition: J uly 27 - August 1 Baltimore, ANA Convention September 9 - II Sotheby's, New York October 11 -13 Sotheby's, London October 14 - 16 Coinex, London October 19 - 20 Sathe by's, Paris October 22 - 26 Hotel Baur au Lac, Zurich For more information, please contact: in London, Tom Eden at (71) 408 5313,34-35 New Bond Street, London WIA 2AA in Zurich, Ully Wille at (411) 202 0011, 20 Bleicherweg, CH-8022 Zurich in New York, Paul Song at (212) 606-7391, 1334 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 SOTHEBYS FOUNDED 1744

August 1993 21 Art and the Market

Sotheby's to sell Fund coins without reserve What is expected to be the second -Athena Fund". Including coins from medallions, often of a very impressive most valuable sale of ancient coins ever both Athena I and Athena II, the eyes of large size, were struck by the emperors to be held is on the Sotheby's docket for the investment world as well as the as gifts or donatives to high-ranking this Fall. Surpassed only by the $23 collector fraternity will undoubtedly be individuals, either as diplomatic gilts or million Hunt sale, this totally unreserved riveted to this sale. With all of the coins as rewards to senior members 01 the offering 01 ancient Greek and Roman totally unreserved, the sale should emperor's retinue. In addition to their coins will be held in two related sales. generate a tremendous level of size and great rarity, they have the added The first, set for October 26·28 in enthusiasm and participation. Indeed, appeal of having been objects which Zurich, will start with a special evening the sale consists exclusively of coins may very well have actu ally been auction of approximately 1 50-175 coins from these funds. handled by the emperor himself. of extraordinary condition and rarity. The Greek coins of the first session The coins to be offered in the two day This session is expected to generate in Zurich are highlighted by a facing sale which follows will cover virtually the the same kind 01 electricity as Hunt I, head tetradrachm struck in Syracuse entire gamut of Greek, Aoman and and is being presented in similar fashion. and signed by the calator Kimon. Also Byzantine coinage. Numerous Following will be a two-day sale offering included are two very rare examples of such popular and attractive over 1,500 additional lois. An additional dodekadrachms of Berenike II of Egyp t. issues as those struck in South lIaly, selection of Greek and Roman coins will Also represented by two examples is Sicily, Macedonia, and mainland Greece be sold in New York December 9·10, the Year Five shekel, struck during the will be included. Also offered will be 1993, during the week of the New York first revolt against Aome in A.D. 66-70. numerous examples of Athenian International Numismatic Convention. Within the Aoman section the coinage, and complete runs of the The coins in this sale are of particular undoubted highlight is the group of some shekels of the lirst Jewish revolt. The interest, aside from their extraordinary 16 gold medallions. This represents the Aoman section begins with asmall group appeal, because they represent holdings largest such group ever to be offered in of superb gold 60 asses of the early from the highly publicized Merrill Lynch a single auction catalog. These Roman Republic, and is followed by an extensive run of Republican silver coins, many of which are in a virtually perfect state of preservation. Tha Empire If you aren't seeing this symbol on follows, with examples of virtually all the emperors in either gold, silver or bronze. catalogues you are. currently receiving The sale culminates with coins 01 the Byzantine period. In alt, the scope, quality, and quantity of the sale is probably without parallels in recent auction history, Due to the importance of the sale Sotheby's has scheduled an extensive travelling exhibition which will include highlights to be shown at Sotheby's table at the American Numismatic Association Convention in Baltimore on July 28-August 1. On September 9 through 11 the entire sale will be onview at Sotheby's New York offices; on October 11-13, Sotheby's will be exhibiting the entire sale in their Bond Street Galleries and atthe Coinex show; October 14 to 16, highlights wi ll be shown as well. The coins will also be on view in Sotheby's Paris office on the 19th and 20th of October; and the final sale view will open at the Baur au Lac Hotel in Write for our membership list Zurich on October 22, The catalogs, which are currently being produced, will be available as a Jean-Paul Divo set and should be issued in the early Secretary, I.A.P.N. part of September. For more inform ation L6wenstrasse, 65 contact Tom Eden in London (71-408- 53 13); Ully Wille in Zurich (4 11 -202- CH-8001 Ziirich, Switzerland 0011) or Paul Song in New York (212- 606-7391). 22 The Ce/ator ' Selections From Our Inventory

Augustus Under M . Dwmius, 19 B.C. AR Denarius. RIC 64, J 14. Hacbetlin 31)() (dies), lbe ninth recorded eumple. Toned. EF. POR.

Pfftinu, 193 AD. AR Denarius. Clodius Albinll5, \9),,19.5 A.D. RIC lla. EJ[""ptional5lrike in IUgh tellef. AR Denarius. RIC Ila. Ex: Mapauti EF. $6500.00 Collection. Mini Sale. $38SO.00

Sebastllnu s 412 A.D. AR SiUqul. C-I (500 Ft.) !i or kss known of this ruler. EF{VF. FOR.

c.~ AE Sesrenius. 2 10 A.D. BMC 2 14{lhis coin). Ex: British Museum Collection Ind illustrated in BMC vol. V. EF. $4SOO.00 See us at Table # 1005 at PNG Day and ANA in Baltimore

Sample Catalog on Request Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. Suite 316

444 N. Frederick Avenue .- IIfImlh , Gaithersburg, MD 20877

August 1993 23 Through the Looking Glass Pegasus motif revives the story of Bellerophon

Bellerophon learned that he would colonial issues can usually be identified by David Vagi need the help of Pegasus to slay the by means of style and fabric, but a few Chimera, and either by patiently wait­ Greek letters usually help identify the ing at a drinking pool inside the temple exact mint. Of all ancient Greek coins, the Pega­ of Athena, or by the divine intervention 10 all, nineteen mints throughout sus staters of Corinth and her colonies of Athena, Bellerophon captured Pega­ haly, Sicily, and northwestern Greece must Tank as among the most popular. sus. The myth continues that Bel­ struck staters of the Corinthian type. It Pegasus was a popular mythological lerophon killed the Chimera by shoot­ would be a challenge to get a Corin­ creature associated with Zeus, for whom ing it with arrows while riding on the thian-type stater from each of these he carried lightning and thunder. The back of the airborne Pegasus. mints, as some are rarely offered for earliest Corinthian staters show sale. a curled-wing Pegasus, while The most prolific of Cor­ the reverse bears a quadra­ inth's colonial mints was partite iocllse. Leucas, the chief city of an These uniface staters island off the coast of Acar­ evolved to a two-sided design nania. This city issued coins of which remained fairly consis­ the Corinthian design as early tent for more than two centuries. as 500 B.C. The obversestill showed Pega­ Leucas also issued numer­ sus, but the reverse showed the ous fractional denominations head of Athena wearing a in silver which copied Corin­ Corinthian helmet. thian types, and in about 300 This timeless design finds B.C. began to strike Corinthian its origin in a myth well known staters for the Acarnanian Stater of Corinth, Pegasus/Athena to all Corinthians. a story of Confederacy. how the young nobleman Bel­ The staters of Corinth were lerophon enlisted the help of Pegasus With Herculean resilience, Bellero­ not only distinct for their design, but and Athena to slay the monster Chi- phon survived three additional brushes also for their weight standard. The mera. with death, and eventually was made Corinthian drachm weighed about two­ Bellerophon was the son of a Corin­ king of Lycia. thirds as much as the drachm of its thian king who, after some intrigue in a Unquestionably the most exciting neighbor Athens. Greek royal court, was sent to Lycia in of all Corinthian coins are the rare Asia Minor to be executed. But instead half-staters which show Bellerophon he was given the task of slaying the riding Pegasus on the obverse, and the Chimera. Chimera standing defiantly on the re­ Now keep in mind, the Chimera was verse. a mean-tempered beast which rejoiced Corinthian-type staters were struck in destruction. He was part dragon, part at colonial mints throughout northwest­ goat, and part lion. He had the heads of ern Greece, Italy, and Sicily. The all three animals-and to boot-he majority of all Corinthian-type staters Stater of Syracuse, Sicily breathed fire. Being sent to slay the were struck in the 4th century B.C. Chimera was the equivalent of a death Style varies greatly between the is­ These two different weight standards sentence. sues of Corinth and her colonies. The could have been quite incompatible ex­ cept that-fortuitously -the Corinthian stater weighed exactly as much as two Attic drachms. thus making two Corin­ ANCIENT & thian staters equal to one Athenian MEDIEVAL tetradrachm. The most important research on the COINS, staters of Corinth and her colonies was BOOKS & done early in this century, most notably ANTIQUITIES by Oscar Ravel. The coins of Corinth are usually cataloged with Ravel's ref­ erence, Les 'Poulains' de Corinthe. The L.R. LANTZ colonial coins are best documented in the 12th volume of the British Museum catalog, which covers the coins of CMV NUMISMATICS Corinth and her colonies. PO BOX 1699, AlAMEDA, CA 94501 USA · 510 769-0137 Copyright C l993 by David Vagi

24 The Celator SOME COINS THAT WE'LL HAVE AT THE ANA Memorial Day weekend 1993 was to be a real3-day weekend for my wife and I before a busy June of shows and a major mailbid sale we were conducting. Instead, it nearly turned lnto tragedy and did change our Jives for quite a while. Our early morning bike ride ended in the hospital as Rita skidded off the bike path and tumbled down a rocky embankment. From there things went down hill (no pun intended) quickly: broken vertebrae, impacted spinal column and bone fragments in spinal column. The gOOd news is that after 3- 1/2 weeks In the hospital and two long operations, Rita is home and dOing better each day. Within a year she will be walking without a brace. But obviously the last month has been difficult. But It would have been a lot more difficult if it wasn't for all the cards, letters, prayers, thought, calls and flowers from so many of our numismatic friends all over the world. You have made this ordeal much easier to deal with and both Rita and I thank all of you for your support.

After much consideration we have decided to slick with our original decision and keep our table at the ANA convention in Baltimore. We will have table * 540, a corner table In the center 01 the room. THIS IS NOT in the foreign and ancient section. Most of our coins are ancient, medieval or foreign, but we do have some US material and had a chance for this great location so there we'll be.

GREEK WORLD SG·5069. VHF, ..... _...... _ .. _ ...... _ ... _ .. _._ $3.25 465. aVF,aI!hougIta t_ftatspot:s. RR ...... $525 GAUL 60 ec. Gold Slaw. 5745 ec. Gallie WlJltype. CIUClA. AS'HROOISIAS. c. 380 ec. AA Obo!. O.8grn. CLAUDIUS. AD "'·54. IE Sesleed grotto. AIC-463. BMC·87". VF ... ,,,...... $450 of T ...sos std. lefl. hklg. eagle & soeptre{Llon lett, gF. Sellroe...... ". $325 _,_. 241.216 SC. Hieron It AA5Utrae. 4.5gm. Veiled attacking buillelt. SG·565Ov, SNG COP-310, COMMODUS. AD 177·192. AR Antoninianul. His lid. 01 Philistla (wife 01 Hieron) Ie'VGa/IofIing biga being VFIEF...... $350 redlat. bust righVEagle standing on _ptt•. Strudc In COEl£·SYRIA.CHALCIS. CLEOPATRA VII. 32-31 BC. po<u.. mous/y by Tr.n Dacius. SR.I662, RIC-93. drtven r .. A 'ront 00·990, SNG ANS-899. .E21. Busl 01 Cleopatra right/Bar. head 01 I.4arc gVF ...... 1275. ~~~.. E~He·SSAi:ONiKA: ....ao:75 .. iiC:.... ~~,. Antony right LJnd.22 ..7. VF. A nice portrall oIlhia MAXll.4tNUS 1. AD 235-238. AR Oenattua. Laur. bust r.drachm. 16.Ogm. lid. of A1exancle< the GrtNt! rlghll moal NdUdiYe....oman. RARE ...... $500 rlgh1/Salus ltd. left feeding ~..wng from .tl.llt. Club between money-chest & ch.lr. SG,1463, SNG PHOENICIA, SIOON. KING EVAGORAS. 346-342 SC. SR·2346. RtC-21. C·gt. Choice lustrou. AU. $300 COP.l330. TonedVF...... $350 AR Tetreshek-'. 25.4gm. W... galley lett. zlg·zag BALBINIUS. AD 236. IE Sa,tertius. Bu.1 rJCon<;on:liB MACEDONIANKINGDOM. ALEXANDER THfGREAT. way.. below/B.. rd.d d.lty. King of Sidon & lid. lett. SA·2401. Almost VF, light tooUng ... $300 AA Telradtac:hm. IT.2gm. lid. 01 H«ekIe,. ded In horMdrawn carriage. SG·5942. SNG COP·205. F· PUPIENUS. AD236. ARDartartv.. Bu.trJPax ..aLed /ion'.slclnrlghtlZ_sld.lelt,l\.torohIelt,Mmonogram VF, ...... $750 lett. SR·2415. RSC·22, AIC4. IIF...... 1Ivooe f>rioe-4.4 PHOENICIA, TYRE. 101 /100 SC . .foR~ . lid. 01 VfK'/ ~ ...M ... _ ...... _ ...... _ ...... _ .. _. $500 , AmphIpoIia: mint 7,l.4u11er-3T. MeIkarth rIgh~1e '1IiI. lett on prow. dub In field. - . IE SHtertius. Bull rlghVConoordla ald. len. RIC-ro. Nice EF" ...... S400 at. _year 25. SG.5818. Hen-305. ~t EF. Ex.Bart .¥F{F...... _...... _...... _...... S400 -. -. AAT.trad,aohm. 16.75\jm. ,.. above, butstrudc ,_.. . _ THE SHEKE' OF TYRE .". 31Q..3Q9 BC a t AKE IN PALESTINE. Pri0&-3293. ...-...... " .. I.4ARCIAH. AD450-457. GOlOSOUOUS. Faclngbwll l.4ull""143Ov. Toned F.VF ...... ,...... $325 -.-. Another. Y.... ee(61/60ec). ~hlghgr_ Vk:toty atg. lett. t>Idg. long crou. SR-4322. IIF. but THRACIAN KINGDOM .LYSIMACHOS, 333-281 BC. AR . xample, ~m •• touch nicer ...... ,.... ,.. " ..... $400 obverse sa.let-...... $385. T.trad,aclvn. 16.• , Haadof cIeIfied AI.underthe SELEUKID KINGDOM, SELEUKOS I. 312,280 SC. AR LEO I. AD 457-474. GOLD SOUDUS. Slmll&rloabove. GreaVAlhena ltd. lenin lIIrone. hldg. Hike. SG.a81411. T.tradrec:hm. 17.2~. Sardes mint Hti,d 01 young SR-4333. NiceVF...... $400 Nice F.VF ...... $325 IierakIasIZeus _Led IeIt. Newel WSI.4·I352. ZEND. AD "T4-491. GOLD SOUDUS. FaoIng busll _,_. Another. IS.9Igm. Abitslrongeratrike. VG ...... $300 AngeI.tanding 'acing, holding long crou. S8-478. -. ANTIOCHUS VII. 121.96 SC . .foR T'tradrac:hm. VF ...... _ ... _...... _...... _...... $3T5 VF thu ...... " ...... $400 16.6gm. H;' head rlght/Z ...... tg.1eI\, "'"'*'t aboy •. THESSALY.LAAISSA. 395-344BC. AR OrlllChm. 6.Ogm. OROERIOO INSTRUCTIONS kII. 01 L-.~_ 3/" to rlghllHot .. grazing right ~.~~\a( er~:~!re. Damascus. eo.t.Syrta. • ~~ AI m.I.n.I1o 111''''''''_ """"""', ...... ~lytnen- SG2124y SNGCOPI30 VF •• "" ~"". g ...... ,dal.onltan ...... ""'5 ,,~ " '...... " ...... -rovv eABYLONIA (SELEUKtO PERIOD). 311·306 BC. AR --. -. PHALANNA. 40().344 BC. AROracnm. 5.3gm. Male Tetredrachm. 15.60gm. lion waJkIng lett, pentagram 2 7-c1.yretumpr;weg.I'... n~ ...... ,..,. y""",.,.tb... Uoln.d, h6ad right/HOrMgalloplng right. SG·21 n, SNG COP· abowJ(BaaI_Led Ie!I. VF. but • bit rough .... $350 3 AI prIoea are """*" In U.S. -- 199. Rate. VF ... " ...... ""...... " ...... $400 tNDO-GREEK. PHILOXfNOS. 11().eo ec. AA Tet. ~ VlSAandMASTERCAROaregleoto...... ailible ""$1pe

August 1993 25 Book News

Berman, Allen G., Papal NumIs­ and claimed in the secular sphere. The matic History: The Emancipation of continuation or lack thereof tells us the Papal State, 2nd ed., South Sa­ much about who was willing and able lem, NY, 1991. Paperback, 142 to do anything about it. The fabric of pages + bibliography, maps, plates. the coins tells us whose economic influ· Available for $29.50f rom Attic Books, ence was of primary importance, and ANCIENT 15 Danbury Road, Ridgefield, CT the designs on the coins tell us who, if 96877. any, the overlord was at the time. The papal coins progress from 'typical' Byz­ and ROMAN This book is an attempt to trace the antine issues to semi-Byzantine ones to ebb and flow of papal authori ty th rough independent coins of Frankish fabri c in a study of the coinage issued under that the eighth centu ry; the latter indicate authority. It covers the period from the the final breach was approaching foundation to ca. 1400, but the most rapidly. interesting material from the stand­ It is an interesting tale, and Berman AND point of the student of antiquity is that tells it well. The main problems in the covering the period from the fall of text involve the earlier sections-the Rome in 476 to the coronation of views of Tertullian on apostolic succes· Charlemagne in 800. The documenta­ sian do not necessarily coincide with BOOKS ABOur THEM tion of the period is less than ideal as far what Berman says on page 7, for ex· as written sources are concerned, and ample, and note quoting Eusebius (the thus any independent evidence is of source for the disputes regarding the considerable value. date of Easter in the time of pope Victor; The format of the book is not very pp. 7·8) are faults which are common in inviting. It looks like whatit is: a master's such works. thesis photo reproduced and published Despite the problems noted above on the cheap. The plates are inad­ (Eusebius and his successors are not equate; one ought to have a book on the even listed in the bibliography), this book Fixed price catalogs co inage available lor consultation (pref­ "grades· at least a "good VF". This of top quality coins. erably a catalogue such as Berman's reviewer would like to see a third edi­ excellent Papal Coins). These coins tion, with better early material, a better Buy-bid mail auc­ need to be properly illustrated, as their format, and better plates. If one is forms are important for the arguments looking for a good, readable account of tions of coins and presented. the rise of the secular power of the books. The te xt itself is interesting, so the papacy, or an interesting numismatic reader ought not to be put off by the treatise, this little book is an excellent format. As coinage was at the time it­ choice. It is to be recommended for lists of basic, ad­ self a statement of sovereign status or anyone interested in Byzantine studies, vanced, and rare, out­ lack thereof, depending on the format late-antique numismatics, or th e history and iconography of the issue , the pre­ of the papacy. of-print books. cise characteristics of the coins can tell us a lot about what the popes thought David W. Sorenson Free Sample Catalogs Quality Auctions THOMAS P, MCKENNA We conduct two Numismatic Collector oriented Public & Mail Bid Auction sales each year. Our sales feature a wide selection of Ancients, Antiquities, World Gold, P.O. Box 1356·K Crowns & Minors, Canadian & United States Coinage as well as Paper Money, Tokens & Medals. Fort Collins, CO 80522 Each of our catalogs is well illustrated. SUbscription rakS are $17.50 per year 303·226·5704 which includes prices realized following the sale. Consignments are always accepted for our upcoming auction schedul e. For information and terms please write us. Craig A. Whitford Numismatic Auctions p.o. Box 22026, Lansing, Michigan 48909 Tel: 517/394·4443 or Fax: 517/394-5510

26 The Cefator . BookNews

Parthian Coins & History .. • Ten This work is primarily a catalog of the author indicate the specific works of Dragons Against Rome, by Fred B. Shore collection, distinguished by coins these authors, or locations of quota­ Shore (ClaSSical Numismatic Group, of exceptional condition and rarity. More tions attributed to them. The result is Quarryville, PA, 1993) 188 pp., illus­ than half of the book is dedicated to this something akin to stating that there is a trated,1 map, charts,glossary, index. purpose. Preliminary to the catalog is a restaurant in Manhattan that serves "All Hardback w/dustjacket. $35.00 + ten-chapter section dealing with the his­ You Can Eat-lobster for $5.95. Every· $3 .50 shipping. tory of the Parthian civilization. one will be looking for it but it may not be Appended to the catalog are useful easy to findl Fred Shore's long-awaited hisloryof charts and tables of monograms, in­ Parthian Coins & History is an ex­ the Parthians and their coinage intro­ scriptions. legends, dating information, cellent introduction to a series of ooinage duces new collectors and collectors of and rulers. The work is profusely illus­ that has long been avoided because 01 mainline Greek and Roman coi nage to trated with very high quality photo­ its complexity. With interest in this se­ a larg e and often fascinating series of graphs. ries on the rise, as demonstrated in the coinage from the region encompassing While this book was obviously writ­ current market, Fred Shore's book is modern day Iran. The Parthians are ten forthe coin collector, and is thankfully not only informative, it is timely. It is often mentioned in terms of their oppo­ presented in an easy-reading style, the produced in an attractive and handy sition to Roman expansion in the East, history sections do suffer from a com· format and is inexpensive ($35.00) but Shore demonstrales that, over a plete absence of footnotes and a oompared to oth er introductory works of period of more than 450years, they also bibliography of only 13 references­ this type. If you have looked with inter­ ruled a formidable empire. Through one of them a novel. Shore mentions in est upon Parthian coins, but found the client kings and satraps, their influence a bibliographic introduction that among series 8 little elusive, this book is for extended from the Euphrates to the the ancient sources·Josephus, Justin, you. It is available th rough most numis­ Oxus, and from Baktria to the Persian Herodian, Plutarch, Strebo, and Taci­ matic booksellers or directly from the Gulf. While historical references are tus ~ are most frequently cited on Parthian publisher. scant, the extraordinary portraiture on history. Unfortunately, neither in the their coins bears testimony to a civiliza­ bibliography nor in the text does the Wayne G. Sayles tion skilled in arts other than war.

Jean Elsen expands A catalogue of Numismatic Books 1993/ 1994 book catalog for 1993 is available from the book department, Jean Elsen, s.a. of Brussels, Belgium Spink & Son Ltd. Send $5 for p&p. has issued a new catalog of books for 1993. The expanded catalog, which is compiled in an attractive perfect-bound format, contains over3.000litles relating •• 't to a wide assortment of numismatic ::~= -::.~= :::~-= specialties. Of particular help 10 the buyer is a complete index by author to -SPINK I supplement the topically oriented text. SPINK & SON LTD, 5, 6 & 7 KING STREET, ST JAMES'S, LONDON SW I Y 60S. The Elsen catalog is especially strong T EL: 071·930 7888. FAX: 071-839 4853. TELEX: 916711. in titles related to ancient Greek and Roman coi ns , but covers peripheral areas as well, including books aboul Celtic, Sasanian, Crusader, Islamic, Guide to Biblical Coins by David Hendin Oriental and European coinage of all Hardcover, 224 pages, 16 pages plates. values, cleaning coins, ages. Also included are an incredible detecting forgeries, much more. Personally autograph ed. 40 festschrifts of numismatic studies The only . urvey on .nclent Judaic and Biblical coin. and essays. that e.rned _ fiv..... tar rating in The Ce/.lor. $35.00 A subscription 10 the publications of Jean Elsen , s.a., which includes their -FMSl:lnlltina lind in ronnll ttve~.··N.Y. Times fixed price lists of coins and books, as ·Should be II Pllrt (If J'OW' library. -·BiI,,Ji,,'l1 Au;~oJogy Revltw well as public auction catalogs, may be ·llld~D sll bk...&lon .. OD every serious coJledors bctoJuihelr. · -fu C~kllt}r obtained by sending an International " We wrote t he book on Biblical colns[" Postal Money Order in the amount of AMI'HORAf)!P'i 1:,ji. • POBox 605 "'\ ASK FOR our Iree Illustrated catalog of 1,000 Belgian Francs to SA Jean Elsen, "'", Ny~ck. NY '10960 ,~ Jewish, Biblical. Greek. Roman coins, Tervurenlaan 65, Bl 040 Brussels, ~-' 914-J5a-7J64 " " weights and small antiquities. Belgium.

August 1993 27 SELECTIONS OF ANCIENT GREEK COINS IN GOLD, ELECTRUM AND SILVER

GOLD AND ELECTRUM COINS ~Eat.o:w.. 7.58gratM. SNGANSI305var. E~ 14 MACE DON. A1eundetllMOrellt. Drachm. 325-323 1 Kl NOS Of IIACEOOfoI ...... underthe Gt-Ht, 33&-323 pale grey toning. Hille Vwy Fn...... _... _...... $0475.00 B.C. MiIMoI. ~.helldr . Rv.Zeulenttwon.dl.; S.c. StlI!er,c:a.305-300B.C. Cwrtlae. HeadolMlenro 8 SYRACUSE. SIcily. ~788 .C. Tetradradvn. Slow AH monogram 10" 4.29grIITIS. ~ 20!10. ChoIce r. WNring helmet decorlled willi coiled ~ hair quadriga cIiWM r. by ~ ...... ~ Nike ElctremIoIy Fn...... _ .. _...... _... _...... $350.00 100M. Av. Hike.tandIng 1.• IT"IC:InDgI' .... IIIIdcr-.tto ebowo aownr.g t.or.N. RY. SmelIINd 01 MemIe­ 15 MACEDON. A.. underlhe Orellt. Oradvn. Types outer 1.. monogram lID Ir\nIIr I. 8.51 1If1UIIS. 0. p,q Arelhuser .• lourdolphlnaaround. 17.2.grama. Boeh. and monogram .. IaaL • .25 grerTIII. Prb 20!10. 3815. Well """t....,;I and bokIIy atrudc 011 • aIlghlly 317. Anreocttv. dark gray toning. Well 1tr"UCt! boIh IIdM PerfecI!y cent.red. Extremely fine...... $300.00 Ihor1. ttlid( ftan. CIoH to Extremely FIne • .. $1 ,650.00 and evenly worn. Very Fine and attractiv8 .•.• S950.00 16 MACEDON. A...... thlO..-. Oradlm.326-323 2 KINGS OF THRACE. Lplmec:'-, 323-281 B.C. 9 SYRACUSE. Hleronll, 275-2158.C. 16Utral. Veiled B.C. Lampnko.. Hereklea,'Zeu1 as l u~ 'Y'fIboi Staler. Pella. HHd 01 eMIl*! A1ex.ander the GrlNIl helld oIPhllitti'I .• ,tart.hind. Rv. WalkIn;qulldrlga r. with tordM. 10 I.• monogram below throne. Wlaring 110m 01 Ammon. Rv. Athena WlIIwned I.; driven by Nike. ttar ebowo. 13.54 grllll\lo. SNG ANS • .30 gramI'. PrIce 1356. Str"UCt! 00 alllOft, IhIdc 1Ian. monogram 10 "-I., IC '" II<. 8.5111''''''''. Th. 2"'. 879. EJdremeIyFlne..•..•••..• _ ...... ••... $t.SOO.OO ClaM 10 ~ Fine.••...••.••••.•••...••.•.••.••• $225.00 ExceI""'1 style. Extr.....ty fine lind dIoic:e. $3,850.00 10 AlGAl, 1II«:edon. !5OCI-48O B.C. 0bcI. Goool kneeling 11 MACEDON underIheRom_.hsJIIM.a.-tor. 3 ..m LENE. '-"bot.. CII. 500 B.C. EIeclrum~ . r. Rv.Quadripeniteinc:uMaquare. O.80grllll\lo. SNG ~ 8 .C. T..... IIdm. Heed of AIn:IncIIif lie Head 0/ HerakIH r, Av. BuI'. lINd r , ~ . 2.56 ANSIl6. \Jnu$o.MIydear. grams. Bod. 29. ShaipIy ,truck In high relief and G ....lwithlbwlng hair. Av. F"""•• dubandquHllot'. CIoGe 10 Exlrtmtly Fn...... $1~.00 chair within laureI_th. 16.64 grlllM. SNG Oxford perfectly centwed. Choice Extremely FIne. A .uperb 11 MENDE. Mac.-don. C.• .u5 B.C. Tetrlldr&chm. 3305. Deep oounl.... tamp In Itte center both 1idM. IJlIImpie. ...•...• ...... $3,500.00 Dionysos reclining 00 back of ass: caduoou. and Min .. L VOlA. Belon C ..... _ , &50-561 B.C. EIedrvm 1/3 very FIne ...... $115.00 ex. RY. MENMION around IqUllre cootalnlng vi .... Stator. LJon', hHd r, with r.diatco globule. Rv. Oblong with leur grape c;:Iu...... 16.89graml. Hoe 93 (.ame 16 KINGS OF THRACE. lYllmacoo., 323-211 B.C. puoch dMded Into two ~are •. 4.71 g.lIIN. S. 339fl. dies). PalegreylOrllng. N;ceVe.yF...... Ex. SoIi\eby'I TItrlldrWvn. Head of delflllCl AlIIxander tt.. arNI PIMIIICIIy centered. -.ring hom of Ammon. Rv. AthM1.a enlhlonad 1. Hunt sm. (June ll1el. ~ 199)...... $4.250.00 CIoN to ExtNmeIy FIne ...... _... _.. _... _... $1 .750.00 holding Nike; amphora 10 1. 11.25~. Madium 12 KINOS OF MACEDON. Alu ender Ihe 0 ..... 33I­ 5 LYDIA. BefONC..... -. AseoondEladrumlf3StllW. !IrtI)' klnIng. Ex<*Ient-'Yle. m B.C. TMr!ldrWvn. 311-311 B.C. ' s.byIon' . .. last 4.68 grams. S. 3398. FII1II ...... $600.00 Close 10 ~ FIne...... $I.250.00 Helld of HerakIM t. Av. Zeus enthroned l: MHP 8 CAAlllAG E. 255-241 B.C. EIectrumTridO'achm. Head ITIO!'IOQf8tn In _Ih 101.. H beIowthrone. 17.1.gr.".. 19 THASOS. Aft... 141 8.C. Tltr-.drWvn. Ht>1Id of 0/ Tanill. w..,alhed with com. Rv. Horae ,tancIlng r.; Price 3704. Boldly 1tr"UCt! In high reliel. Plitt gray and young Diony_ r. _1hId with Ny. Rv. H«akIes lun-dlsk between two Utleul-oobr.1 OM pellttt 'bow. QOIden toning. Choloe Extmrn&1y F ..... Ilanding I•• M Co InnIH I. 16.78 graml. SNG Oxford below. lO.43;raml. J·LGroupX.b.430. Hllirlin.. Oge An ouI5tandlng Ixampili...... $925.00 3684. E~ medium gray toM. apl~. Nice Very FIne ...... $3.750.00 13 MACEDON . .tJ.xanderltllOI'Oll Tetrlld.-.chm. Ab. Pleuing V.ry FlnoI .•••••••••••..••••••.•••••••••••••••••• S3OO.00 SILVER COINS V...... 2( I. probably 21. Herlldu/Z8ultypu .. lut 20 THEBES. ao.otIa. 311-338 8 .C. Staler. Boeotian 7 VEllA, l '-'Cenia. 4QO.3SO B.C. Oidrachm. Hemet.o 11.12graml. CI.Hewel21. shield. Rv.AmpnorI; M-lMllanking. 12.38grllml. helldof Athento r .. X behind. RY. Uonprowting r .• retra- Choic:e Very Fine ...... _... _.. _... _ $0450.00 8MC 126. V.ry Fine... _ ...... _... _...... _.•.. $500.00

T Inna of SIIe 1. N IIamI of1..-.d In II"IiI _I ... guartrllHd IaIM goonuiM _ .. ductIt>IcI. 2. Item. fOI.O"Id....ulofllClOly may 1M..un.d wiII*l5 o;Ijoys 01 r~ lor lull reIIrod, 0!hetwIae !My .... 1M considered .ald. 3. N_ Vorl! re_ must acid !he ~.t4IloeII and otftte .""'. tax. 123 W.", !11th StrceI, New York, NV 10019-2280 •. All ordoR ..,t pootpMl. 5. sr.:.moot ...... thI.,ilt ... _ •• •Idnd.MCOIId_ .... ,_"'~. Telephone (2 12) S82 -~55 • Fu (212) 582-1946

28 The Ce/ater 21 ATHENS. Attica. 405-480 B.C. An:haIc Tet· 1656. ~andhead~. as ar.!heoentrw.lrow AMMANlOI:. 14.l14grarn.. Weloentered. PIeuIng rwlrad'Im. HIIImIIhodhMdofAlhlonat. Av. OWI. 16.93 of dots. though llindy. Nice Fn.. _...... _ $725.00 dIItI; gnoy 1OnoI. Choice "wy Fne...... $3.850.00 "...... SHQ AHS DeMng 1m . 0bYerM IIOIIl8WIIaI 211 AIQIHA. 4IO-454IB.C. Sliter. SrnocII\.theII.cI tur1Ie; 35 RHOO£S. 311-304 B.C. DIdr8Chm. Heed 01 HeIIooI of1-<:enter and _ pIt1rog about !he p.rIpIwy. ~ wi1h lin "X. In lin Inoo .. c:Irde In !he 3/41_10 r ~ hair 1Iowk'Ig. Av. Rose with bo.od; bunch Fne...... ~I.450 .oo CIIlI« of !he shell. Av. IncuH ~ 01 ' skew" of grIP" and E 10" 8.93 grams. BMC 21. 22 ATHENS. 448-413 B.C. Tetradrachm. Helmeted pattern. 12.06 grams. Full head and mpp... Extremely Ane...... $775.00 headof AlMner.. arthakeye. Rv.OwIltandlng r .• tall Close 10 V.ry FIne ...... $650.00 36 KINOS Of SYRIA. Seleuko.l, 312·21SO B.C. Tel· ..u ingleprorli. 17 . t7~ I. P«fKUyoentered. 30 AlGINA. 440-34() B.C. Drachm. T~ with Mg­ rlldrec:hm, 305-4 B.C. SeIeucia on the T1g~ • • Heed 01 ExtnwneIy Ant...... $950.00 mented shell. Av. Incu .. square dIvIcIIId Into live Heraldes r. Rv. Zeullln~ I., rnonco;Jrllfl1lOl.. K 23 ATHENS. 441-413 B.C. T~ . AlhIona hNd/ ugmllfltl; one of ...mIctI oontainI two peIeIa. 5.50 beIow1tYone. 17.15grems. ESM S. UghI~ owIaslaal 17.17 grams. T_art~AlhIona'1 "...... SHG ~ 1546. d . MiI>ank 44. Vwy on !he _. ChoIoe Vwy F...... ry Froe. 1_ and on !he body of !he owl. V.ry Ant. $375.00 Fone...... $725.00 A pIeaIng coin w!Ih ~ qe appeal ...... _ $775.00 24 ATHENS. "9-413 B.C. Drachm. H"'met.d head of 31 ACHAEAN LEAGUE. 196-148 B.C. S p."ta. 37 SYRIA. AntIoc:hoe 1'1 Eplphenee, 115-1M B.C. Athen .. r. Rv . Owl. 4.06 grams. Granular &uri_I. "-midrac:hm. Hald 01 Ze-us r. Rv. AX monogram; Tetradrac:hm. 161·165/4 B.C. Anlloctl. DlIdemed Fine 10 V-.y Ant...... $125.00 monograms above and below. CIjH of Ihe IJioskouroi head r. Rv. leu. enllwoned 10 I.. monogram 10 outer 25 ATHEN S. ~B.C. Em«gencyPletIldCoinlgl. ~. 2.36grlml. BMeal. I. 16.16 gram•. Even medium grly lone. Drachm. Usual AlhIona head and owl types. 4.34 Nice V«'I FlniI ...... $185.00 CIoN 10 Extremely Fne...... $500.00 grams. Cor. vI~ in smd .,... _II. but mote 32 ACHAEAN LEAGUE. Dyme. Hemldrecnm. Z_ 38 SYRIA. Demelrlo.. I, 152·1SO B.C. Drachm. he.. viIy aboutlhe~. An inllfesting and moe;l hu4'AX lI'IC:II'IOII'Iulul, butAY ebove, monogrMl EcOtItana. OIedemedheadr. RV.ApoIIo ...1«I1. 4.17 historic coin. Fine 10 V.ry FItlI ...... $150.00 to I. and fish below. 2 .43 gr...... BMC 211 v.... Smell gramlo. Houghton 12-"'. Vwy FIne ...... ~ISO . oo 26 ATH EN S. 393-300 B.C. Drec:hm. AIIM-naheadr .. eye head In high r"'. Medium gray 10M. Chc>ioe V.ry 39 SYRIA. CleopIotrelfld Antiocho. VIII , 125--121 B.C. In profile. Rv. Owl. 4.04 grlms. Dark tone. Fine ...... ~ 185.00 Tetradrachm.A.O.121 OamasaJ• . Conjolnedhead. Very FII'IfI ...... $150.00 33 LAODIKE IA. Phrygla. Attlr 133 B.C. Cif;tophoric: r. Rv. Ze-us enlllrooed I.; monogram 10 ouler I. • dlle 27 ATHENS. 142{1 B.C. New Style Talrlldradm. HeI· Telrlldradvn. Serpent arIaIng!rom Clsla Mysllca, aI 1921n ... 16.35 graml. Houghton 849. Madium gray meted hNd of AlhIona r. Rv. OWl ltanding r. on in _Ill. Av. Bow In case betwe«I two ooiled 1OnoI. Nice V.ry Fne...... $650.00 amphora; maglltrltes 7J.llAOI:, EY ANAJ"OI:, and MrPIIflts; EYltNO[fIIPQWY. 12.30 grarn.. Wei VERY RARE DRACHM Of' TlORANES A!:KAHllI-. aymbol bee. 16.5Elgllms. Th.714h. centered and obwrW only slighlly...... Vwy Fonel 40 SYRIA. TliteMI 11, U-ft B.C. Orechm. Draped Vwy FlI'III ...... $350.00 Choice VfK'( FIne...... ~15O.00 bu., r. wearing ArmenIan tiar ... Rv. Tyche of Anlloch 28 AlGINA. CI.510-485 B.C. Stater. s... tur1lewithoen· 34 CHIOS. 420-350 B.C. Tetredrec:hm. Sphln~ ....ted ...,ad r. willi river-god Oron,... , herl.. , : wr:Jl'IOnI. tral row 01 doll and !kin coil..... Rv. Incu .. ~ua", ot I.. amphorasurmounted bygrapeslOl. Rv. Quadripartite 4 .04l1rama. Bed. _. "WirKImlll" pattern. 12.04graml. cr. SNG ANS Dewing Incu.e square wilh one ber btlalln g Ihe n ..me A very r_ denomlnllion .... $2.600.00

Term. 01 Sale 1. AlIIImI_ In .... IiIr .... guw..-110 be genuine ..-.d as deSQ'lbed. 2. """'" loin! ...... r1s18CtC>ry ....V be I'ItI.Irned wtIhIn 5 dey. of rooeipt lor II.« refIn:I, ~ ~ wII be oontIdered 1OId. 3. NotwYork r.1iden!s mu,' add 1M appropriar.1oceI1Ifld stare s ...... WI. 123 WC8t !17th Sitect, New York, NY 10019·2280 4. All or6er. lint poItpakl. Telephone (212) !l82·!l9SS • Fa.. (212) !l82· 1946 5. Sif'IoI; mDlt ~""" on1Nt 11tt ... "",,-<>I.I·kind . second c:hoIcoIs .... recommended.

August 1993 29 People in the News

Hersh wins Celator "Mystery Coin" contest by Wayne G. Sayles downwards, AE-r.tN above to I. and r. , subscription, and a well deserved one The clues must have helped in our 'I>A TNI-A6.A in two lines to I. below. In at that. He didn't tell us how he figured mystery coin contest (June 1993), al· the middle of the field to I., monogram; out the answer, but it seems likely that th ough Alan Walker claims he didn't in the lower r. field, club r. he found the coin illustrated In the cata­ need any clues. Yes, the quick-wit log of the Adolph Cahn sale #60, held in Walker guessed correctly. That's the There you have it-and of courSe Frankfurt on July 2, 1928. The goodnewsAlanl The bad news is-you everyone knows now that the coin is Thyrrheium distater is presented as lot weren't the first one in with the right from the city of Thyrrheium in Acar­ 515 and is described as unedited. answer. Now Dr. Walker tried to get nania. Well, almost everyone, right? Several respondents said they'd like special indulgence for his late entry, Dennis Devine knew, much to the mis­ to see more of this, so we'll undoubtedly claiming that he was on vacation in fortune of Dr. Walker, and he responded do it again. Keep your eyes open and Maine, but we run a tight ship here and promptly. Not from Maine either. Den­ don't take any vacations in Maine if you a postmark is a postmark. nis credits Jonathan Kagan of New York want to be the winnerl We received a lot 01 interesting for sleuthing out the final details, so we'll guesses, including Heracleia; Athens; split Dennis' winning -dealer" prize with Ainianes (Thessaly); Crete; Sinope; and Mr. Kagan and add 6 months to each of the Thessalian League. There is merit their subscriptions. I'm sure this will Levy book signing in all of these suggestions, and it was turn out to be the highest priced free not an easy attribution by any means­ subscription in the history of numis­ benefits St. Jude especially without the reverse photo. matic publishing, when you calculate Here is the reverse description: the research labor costs. We also had Children's Hospital a winner in the non-dealer category, Davis-Kidd Booksellers of Memphis, Athena Promachos helmeted, with Charles A. Hersh, from New York. Mr. Tennessee hosted Bob Levy at a book shield and spear, r. eYPPEInN to r. Hersh wins a two year extension to his signing in honor of his first book, From theCofn'sPointofView. The event, held on Sunday, July 25th, was a benelit for SI. Jude Children's Research Hospital. tuftles in In a unique twist, the entire proceeds taken in during the signing period were donated to SI. Jude. Anyone making a umismafirs donation of $30 or more to the hospital received a copy of the book, while Levy Peter Oluf Brondsted autographed copies of the book from 2- 4pm. In linking the subject matter of the 1780-1842 book to the fund raising effort, the aggregate proceeds were donated to Some 19th century European royally were S1. Jude "in memory of the countless actually avid collectors themselves, but unknown and known children who have others simply hired connoisseurs to build lost their lives to cancer from the time of their royal collections. A s a result, an elite Julius Caesar to the present, and in class ofmerchantsoragentsemerged. These honor of all those children who have agents travelled widely throughout central and southern Europe in search of conquered the disease thanks to the coins and antiquities to add to their patrons' collections. They were, in a way, efforts of SI. Jude Children's Research the first full-time ancient coin dealers. Peter Oluf Br0ndsted was one of this Hospital-. group of professional connoisseurs. Being very familiar with the leading houses St. Jude Children's Re search of collecting and with the suppliers in Italy. he was appointed royal court-agent Hospital, opened in 1962 by the late entertainer Danny Thomas, is an in Rome by prince Christian VllI of Denma rk. The acquisitions ofBnmdsted on internationally recognized biomedical behalf of Christian VIII constituted an important addition to what eventually research center dedicated to finding became the Danish National Collection. Bremdsted was himself a collector, cures for the catastrophic diseases of specializing in Greekcoins. He also amassed a large research collection of casts children, most prominently known for its of Greek coins in the British Museum and the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. accomplishments in the field of childhood Although Bnmdsted was employed as an agent of the Danish court, his personal cancer. Its work is primarily supported collection was sold to the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, with Brendsted serving through public contributions raised by as director of the collection until the time of his death in 1842. ALSAe, the fund-raising arm of the hospital. St. Jude Hospital, which is This feature is provided courtesy of George Frederick Kolbe non-sectari an, treats children without Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325 regard to race, religion, creed or ability to pay. 30 The Celator People in the News

IAPN holds 42nd General Assembly in Budapest The 42nd General Assembly of the International Association of Professional Numismatists took place at the Hilton Hotel in Budapest, Hungary. Ninety people from 46 member firms partici­ pated in the event. Oneolthe organizers of the Congress was Dr. Istvan Gedai. Deputy Director of the Hungarian Na­ lional Museum and keeper of the Coin Cabinet. The National Museum orga­ nized a special exhibition showing the coinage of the Carpathian Basin. The exhibition was opened by Peter Akas Bod, the President of the Hungarian National Bank. Elections of IAPN officers were held at the Assembly. and three new mem­ bers were admitted into the Association: Members of the IAPN at the 4200 General Assembly In Budapest, Hungary Freeman Craig (USA), Erich Mozel! (Austria) and Raffaele Paolucci (Italy). New York International Numismatic Assembly will meet 1995 in San Fran­ The Publications Committee pro­ posed a total of 7 books for the 1993 Convention. cisco; for 1996 the Assembly decided to The 43rd General Assembly will take Book Prize of the Association. By se­ go to Egypt. The choice of this venue cret vote the members chose the latest place at whitsun 1994 in Paris. The will have to be confirmed next year. edition 01 Robert Friedberg's book Gold Coins of the World. Runners-up were the book by Gomes and Trigueiros on Portuguese coins, as well as the book America's Most Prestigious on Christian Wermuth by C. Wohlfahrt. The 1993 Book Prize will be presented ,:A:ncient and Foreign Coin Show to Friedberg in December daring the NYINC Andrew Burnett to NEW YORK speak at club meeting INTERNATIONAL The San Francisco Ancient .NUMISMATIC Numismatic Society will host Andrew (';QNVENTION Burnett, the Keeper of the Coins of the British Museum, as its speaker for their The 22nllAnnuai New York International August 14th meeting. Burnett's topic l(h,Ji1matic will be -The British Museum: Past, C~nvention Present and Future-. The meeting will Dece.:.iler l~i~p, 1993 start at 2: 15pm at the Ebenezer Lutheran Dealer Set-up: Thurs. 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. (professional Preview Sloo.00) Ch urch, 678 Portola Drive, San Public Hours: Fri. lOam -7pm, Sat. l.oam - 7pm, Sun. lOam - 3pm Francisco. Regular meetings are held on the (AdmisSion $S]ii) second Saturday of each month at this At the SHeraton, ]\jew) York Rlitel & Towers time and location. There is an active 7th Ave. and 52nd St•• New York City membership which participates in a traditional-show and leU- every month. Over 150 Ancient and Foreign Coin Dealers/rom around the World A bourse is also a popular part of the Five Major Ancient and Foreign Coin Auctions meeting. Speakers in the past year have included Michele Amandry, Chief Stacks • Superior • Numismatic Fine Arts Curator of the Cabinet des Medailles of Classical Numismatic Group • Kolbe/Spink the Bibliotheque Nationale and William Bourse Tables. Hotel Reservati ons, General Infonnation: Metcalf, Chief Curator of the American NYINC, 3950 Concordia Lane, Fall brook,CA 92028 USA ·(619) 728-1300 Numismatic Society.

August 1993 31 Zeus and Hercules: Men or lDyth?

by Tertius Chandler

People express astonishment that I K.O. Muller we can set out his whole regard Zeus as a man. Some say he line: couldn't have been. Of course he could. What else would he be-a puff of wind, Zeu, 1366 B.C. ora thunderbolt? Theancientsdescribed Tantalus 1321 B.C. him and his relatives in great detail, as Pelops 1282 B.C. people. Atreus 1247 B.C. The key is in his appellation "god", Thyestes 1214 B.C. A god in the ancient world was a past Agamemnon 1202·1184 B.C. or present king. The practice began in Egypt, where all pharaohs, dead or These dates might be suspect if they alive, were regarded as gods. It spread failed to fit with known history, but to Babylonia with Naramsin (ruled Atreus' reign thus given coincides with 2191-2154 B.C.), who had raided the overwhelming defeat of the Teresh Egypt. Eventually it reached Greece (-Atreus) sea·folk by pharaoh and even Rome, where emperors were Merneptah in 1221 B.C. Atreus' people deified well into A.D. times. As for may have killed him in fury because he Zeus, he became a god when Cecrops had led them on such a disastrous fiasco. told him to (Eusebius, "Praeparatio Two Hittite kings of that time referred Zeus (from an ancient statue) Evangelica" 109:22). Cecrops had to Attarissiyas the Akhkhayawa as a come from Egypt (Diodorus, 1:28:7). warlike menace. As Forrer noticed, When would this happen? ZelL<:' Attarissiyas the Akhkhayawa would be he could beexpected tosendan envoy in son Hercules, according to Faria, slew "Atreus the Achaean"-Achaeans be· return forthis visit. His envoy would be Geryon 201 years after the end of ing the early name for the Greeks. Cecrops, who was known for introduc­ Eber's reign, which should be 1557 1366 B.C. for Zeus' first year almost ing Egyptian ways to Greece. He would B.C., when the Hyksos lost Egypt­ coincides with 1364 B.C., when Egypt arrive just as Zeus' reign was begin· for the Bible says just afterward "the received an embassy from "the isles in ning. world was divided". So Hercules' the midst of the sea", i.e. Greece. That In one ofthe shaft·graves at Mycenae victory came in 1356 B.C. It would embassy could have been sent either there was found a copper disc such as mark the end of the lO·year War of just before or just after one coming from Akhnaton used to honor his sun-god, the which marked the begin­ Egypt. Egypt's ruler then, Akhnaton or Aton. TheAton·faith prevailed in Egypt ning of Zeus' career, so his reign Akhenaten, made a great point of corre· only from 1375 to 1348 B.C., so the began in 1366. Using data from sponding with neighboring nations, so Greek king receiving this disc would most likely be Zeus. The same grave contained a face-mask of an elderly man, thus eliminating , who died young, or Saturn, who fled to Italy. This clinches the case for Zeus, whose long adult reign proves he was old. Zeus' favorite daughter, , be­ friended the newcomer Cecrops, married him, and took the name Athena, which must refer to his god Aton. She also took the nickname onga from Akhnaton 'ssloganankh. meaning "life". Egyptian pottery of that time has been found in Greece, and Greek pottery from that period has been found in Egypt, so archaeology double·checks the close contact between these two countries. 32 The Celator Along with Cecrops came local de· Age of justice and peace. Ro­ mocracy, as we know from Thucydides mans recalled a similar Golden (2:5:1). It would be the same system of Age under his brother Saturn. councils of elders which Moses-pha· Persia had one under Jamshid, raoh Akhnaton's vizier Ramose­ while India remembered one brought into use in rural Egypt before under Vivasva about the time the Exodus (Exodus 12:21). iron came into use there. Even Much more from Ramose/Moses China shonly afterward had a came to Greece then. The city·name under Pan Geng, Athens, for instance, and princess Pallas' 1330·1302 B.C. Zeus' name, newnameAthena-oothobviouslyfrom Dios in the genitive, became the Aton, the name of Akhnaton's symool standard word for "God": as ofkindness(itisMoses' Adonai,roughly deus in Latin, di in Chinese, theas translated "God"). in Greek, and teo in Nahua in Another impon was the doctrine of Mexico. So it seems we know a great peace. Moses said -rhou shalt not kill" Hercules fighting Geryon (Deuteronomy 5: 17), and his pharaoh deal about Zeus, and every ma- Akhnaton, doubtless on Moses' advice, jor item helps to fit him in with withdrew border garrisons, kept up a history. No one has noticed most of queen was not quick to forgive, large friendly correspondence with these correlations before. We can sum and took it out on the boy. Hercules nearby rulers, and sent out princesses to up by saying that Zeus was a practical found himself stuck with the hardest marry them, thus "making love, not war", man who had grabbed power, but could tasks around. These turned out to be as we would say. So too, clearly innu· learn well and accepted the doctrine of punitive expeditions against any and all enced by the envoy Cecrops, Zeus peace. He left the hard tasks of enforc­ who were disturbing the peace. stopped waging aggressive wars and ing the peace to his gifted son Hercules. Hercules began these expeditions had Hercules suppress war·makers. We Like his father Zeus, Hercules is very early. He was only 17 when he know of Zeus' mildness from many regarded as mythical, legendary, and slew Hydra. "Hydra" should be Indra, sources (Pindar, 4: 140, 147; Diodorus, therefore unreal. Let's check him out. who led the Aryan invasion of India, 5:71:1-4; Plato, Critias 120-1 ; Hesiod, Fortunately, the traditional material on destroying the Indus civilization and its Works &: Days 229, 238-47, 276-80; him is abundant. capital Mohenjo-daro. Indra was cer­ Homer, Odyssey9:274-5). Thus Hesiod He was illegitimate, Zeus' son by a tainly a disturber of the peace. King said Zeus forbade killing and gave man­ brief affair with a noble's wife. Zeus' Zeus, as a convert to Moses' Aton-faith kind justice. A further check on when Zeus lived is the use ofiren weapons in the War of the Titans at the stanofhis reign. These Miinzen nnd Medaillen AG were something new. Iron daggers were sen! as a novelty by Hittite king 1942-1993 Shuppiluliumash to prince Tut of Egypt in 1359 RC .. so the "fire" For 51 years we have been serving gave to mankind in Zeus' reign was the collectors of Ancient Coins ... use of fire to smelt iron. Indeed, what were Zeus' famous thunder and light­ and we would like to serve you too! ning but the hammer-blows and sparks of his blacksmiths! Also, the great walls of Mycenae are dated c. 1330 RC. by carbon-dating. They would be built by Zeus. At the time of the Exodus, which was 1348 B.C. (see my article in The • Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists • American Imago. mid-I962), the year when the Atonist capital city in Egypt • Public Sales· Appraisals· Buying and Selling· was destroyed, yet another Egyptian • Large Stock in All Price Ranges • besides Cecrops came to Greece. This was Cadmus, bringing alphabetic writ­ (Please send us your want list. We will fill ing, presumably Minoan Linear-A. Ten itt) years later, Linus modified this into another alphabet, which should be Lin­ Please contact: ear·B. A persistent tradition makes Miinzen und Medaillen AG Moses the inventor of the first alphabet, and alphabets cenainly mushroomed P.O. Box 3647 • Malzgasse 25 around the Mediterranean about 1350 B.C. CH - 4002, Basel, Switzerland The Greeks in classical times hon­ Tel. (061) 272 75 44 Fax. (061) 272 75 14 ored Zeus for presiding over a Golden

August 1993 33 of kindness, could not let Indra get away from Africa in 1390 B.C. We know according to K.O. Miiller, 45 years, with that. So Zeus-in this legend called most about him from Manuel de Faria's would be 1366-1321 B.C. Now back to Eurystheus, i.e. horus-Zeus, with a title book Epitome de las Historiasde Portu­ Spain in 1356. Faria brings in Hercules based on Egyptian custom-sent Her­ gal (1628). Faria tells us that Geryon by name at this point, saying that he let cules after him. Indra was mentioned in was slain by a hero called Osiris, which Geryon's three sons rule. He says that 1358B.C.asanametobeswomby. He in this case could only mean he was at the sons ruled 42 years, but that leaves had been fighting the Asuras, and a cer­ some time in Egypt- for Osiris lived too few years for the other Spanish rul­ tain Sunashshura"who should be one of millennia earlier. Greek legend is clear ers down to 1263, when a fixed date can them, became king of Kizzuwatna in that Geryon's foe was Hercules. Her­ be set for the end of Sicel's reign, with Cilicia in that year, after a war. Thuss it cules' victory over Geryon would end the arrival of Sicel in Sicily 79 years seems that Hercules' victory over Indra the lO-year War of the Titans which had before the end of the Trojan War in 1184 happened in 1358, so his birth, 17 years begun with Zeus' reign. The data in B.C. So Faria's 42 years must apply to earlier, would be in 1375. Faria's book, adjusted to fit other events, the Geryonids as a whole. Geryon had Another trouble-maker was Geryon brings this event to 1356; soZeus' reign, ruled 34 years, so this leaves 8 for the of Spain, who had come as a usurper beginning 10 years earlier and lasting, sons, down to 1348 B.C. That year, 1348, Hercules overthrew Geryon's sons. He came with "'many Egyptians". Why the Egyptians? A Few Interesting Selections From Egyptians have always shown a strong preference for living in their own coun­ Our Summer Fixed Price List try, not moving elsewhere. The answer lies in this date of 1348. That was the year of the Exodus (D/GS/G, April, 1979), when the downfall ofthe Aton­ faith at the hands of a new pharaoh, Horemheb, gave the Egyptians a motive to leave their homeland in large num­ bers. The Exodus occurred in two parts. Some got away overland under Moses, while others went by sea, after being rescued by Hercules' victory over the Egyptians at Bubastis in the Nile Delta (Pherecydes, fragment 33). We can readily imagine that Geryon 's sons were alarmed at all these foreigners, and that Hercules had to overthrow them to get his Egyptians settled in Spain. Faria says that Hercules set up his son Hispalo to rule there. Going beyond Spain, Hercules over­ threw Ladon, lord of the Canary Islands (pherecydes, fragment 40). Hercules also must have named lrakleion-Iong called Candia- on Crete, but the vari­ ous Heracleas may have been named for him after his death. He also set out as a member of Jason's all-star expedition across the Black Sea for the , but dropped out from failing health (Apollodorus, 1:9: 16), probably Write or Call for a Free Copy shortly before his death. He died on a visit to Spain and was buried there, 29 years after crushing the We carry an extensive stock of rare and Geryonids, which would be in 1319. unusual ancient and medieval coins His epitaph was said to have been carved in Egyptian letters (Faria, p. 19). This is evidence for Moses having invented the alphabet, and it fits with Cadmus bring­ ing an alphabet to Greece at the lime of TOM CEDERLIND the Exodus (Diodorus, 40:3:2). Hercules was a genuine hero who P.o. Box 1963-C, Portland, OR 97207 won many wars to impose a human peace. His immense fame was well­ (503) 228-2746 earned.

34 The Celator AUCTION ARETUSA 18 September 1993, Hotel Splendide Royal Lugano Switzerland

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August 1993 35 ------

Astrological omens commemorated on Roman coins: Tarpeia and the Lunae

by Michael R. Molnar

It is difficult to pinpoint precisely importantly, astrology was alluring due the edict of 139 B.C. was eventually when astrology was introduced into to a cloak of scientific respectability ignored, and it appears that astrology Roman society. but accounts of i ts prac­ provided by mathematics; and, was practiced more openly. An ex­ tice can be traced back well into the astrology's message of astral fatalism ample of this came to light in the second century B.c. and perhaps ear­ partnered well with Stoic philosophy aftennath of the Social War when the lier. In 139 B.C. there was a praetorian which was prevalent among Romans. It followers of Marius and Sulla rose to edict banning Chaldaeans (astrologers) was inevitable that astrology would sur­ fight in the streets of Rome. Manus and from Rome and Italy in order to elimi­ vive the edict and eventually play an Cinna invaded Rome in 86 B.C. and nate social unrest. l This would be only important role in Roman life. slew the consul Cn. Octavius Ruso. a momentary setback for astrologers The Marsic or Social War of 91-89 Found among Octavius' bloodied gar­ because divination, which enjoyed B.C. repiesents a watershed for propo­ ments was a "Chaldaeandocument", his widespread practice, issimilarto astrol­ nents of Chaldaean astrology. Before horoscope. Believing that it assured his ogy. Both interpret natural phenomena this time astrology was still not fully safety, Octavius did not flee from his as divine signs of future events. More condoned by Roman society. However, attackers.2 Also during this eventful year, there appeared before Marius an ambassador from Rhodes who would change the course of astrological practice in Ro­ man society. This is Posidonius, the PALLADIUM great Stoic philosopher, scientist, and astrologer. NUMISMATICS Posidonius can be considered to be the most influential philosopher-scien­ • A full·seNice firm for collectors of Classical tist since Aristotle. While the fighting between the Marian and Sullan adver­ coins and antiquities in all price ranges. saries would set in motion forces altering the Republican fonn of government, • We issue regular illustrated Bid·Or·Buy Posidonius' teaching of Stoicism would catalogs and attend most major coin shows. greatly change the way Romans thought about the role and meaning of their lives. • We service want lists and will assist you in In addition to philosophy, Posido­ developing your col/ection. nius would e:o;pand Roman under­ standing of geography, history, math­ ematics, and astronomy. In particular, • To receive a free catalog, please his lectures on astrology would be en­ thusiastically received by some of call or write: Rome'smostprominentcitizens.3 Even Cicero traveled to Rhodes in 78 B.C. to study under Posidonius. Although PALLADIUM NUMISMATICS Cicero decided that there was no logical 4125 W. Mineral King, Suite 316 basis for astrology and rejected it, his David S. Michaels, Visalia, CA 93277 close friend and political ally Publius (209) 636·0945 Nigidius Figulus would become Posi­ Classical Numismatist doni us ' outspoken advocate of astrology. It was Nigidius, a great Ro­ man philosopher-scientist in his own 36 The Celator the Roman defenses. The Vestal Vir­ or Victory in a biga.1 Thus, the lunar gin, Tarpeia,coveted their gold bracelets, cult connection with Tatius loses cre­ so she struck a deal. She agreed to let dence. the Sabines into the Roman citadel if The second, and more important, ar­ they would give her what they wore on gument proposes that the star and their left arms. The Sabines found her crescent motif is strictly associated with treason and greed reprehensible, sather the allegory of Tarpeia. Grueber noted gave her everything on their left arms, that Propertius' poem provides a pos­ including their shields. Her murder and sible link to the stat and crescent motir, F/gunII burial beneath the shields is represented namely, as amina lunae. 8 -.0I1IobInuo wilt! K!(Jg on the reverse. Theobverse also depicts T.tIus "" IfIe _ end a palm branch, a symbol of victory, saepe illa immeritae causata est omina IfIe $l4y/(Jg 01 Tarpe/a on IfIe which indicates a commemoration of lunae revOlS6ICtawford34.f·2s/4'c RomansuccessintheSocia1War.S Thus, el sibi tingendas dixit in amne comas9 it appears that Sabinus directed a moral right, who announced to the Senate in lesson toward the revolters of the Social which translates into 63 B.C. that the great-nephew of Julius War and propagandized how his Sabine Caesar, Octavian, had an extraordinary ancestors dealt with betrayal. Often did she plead that the innocent royal birth according to his horoscope.4 The presence of the star and crescent Moon boded ill, When Octavian assumed imperial rule, above Tarpeia has long been a subject of and said that she must wash her hair in Romans then pursued astrology openly debate. Although Crawford is dissatis­ flowing water. with fervor and diligence in hope of fied with all explanations, two discussed giving meaning and guidance to their by Grueber have the most merit.6 The The literary history of the mythical lives. This was the legacy ofthe great first proposes that the star and crescent tragedy of Tarpeia shows that the story scholar Posidonius. is an allusion to Tatius' introduction of became embellished with time.IO The Spanning this time frame are two a cult of Luna. However, the coin's earliest accounts simply state that her coins that, I maintain, reflect the grow­ lunar crescent is accompanied by a star, downfall was greed. During the Au­ ing influence of astrology in Roman implying something more than an al1u­ gustan period, Propertius (ca. 16 B.C.) society. The first coin is related to the sion to the Moon. Most significantly, romanticized the myth, adding that Tar~ Social War, and its astrological mes­ the motif does not appear on Sabinus' peia was in love with Tatius. Under the sage signifies the evil of the revolters. otherdenarii ofTatius, with thereverses cover of night and ostensibly to draw The other coin, issued under Augustus, portraying the rape of the Sabine women water for sacrificial cleansing, she went commemorates an astrological event coinciding with awarding him honors in 27 B.C. The astrological motif em­ ployed on both coins is a star and Have your coins professionally researched and catalogued through the crescent, a symbol of a powerful astro­ logical event. The connection between DA VID R. SEAR these two coins is, oddly enough, the allegory of Tarpeia. Ancient Coin Certification Service (A.C.C.S.)

The Social War Each coin submitted will be personally ~amined by David R. Sear, accurately described, The first coin was issued close to the complete wilh citation of references, and graded. Additionally, the Detailed Format includes conclusion of the Social War. This a full conunenW')' OIl the historic.J and nwnismatic background of the piece. The information is pmomted on an attractive laminated certificate complete with denarius is shown in Figure I, and its high quality black and white photograph. description is: Fees: $35.00 per coin (Dewiled Formal) $25.00 per coin (Basic Formal) L.TlTVRI L.F SABINVS, Mint of FOT EXPRESS SeRVICe (3 MJI tum·_u"dfrom d., of Tlt,lp,) ud $15.00 per tom Rome, S9 B.C. AR Denarius. Bearded (ma.rimum of S tol", P" ,ubmiulo,,) head of King Tatius r.; before Aj be­ Pkas, submit by rtgis't"d mail and adJ su}fitit'" to your "mitulllc, to coW!r cost 0/"'14'" hind, SABIN downwards; border of dots. mailillg ($8.00 up to $1,000 ..a/u,: $10.00 up to $5,000 ..alu,: $12.$0 up to $10,000 Wllu,: Rv: Killing ofTarpeia; star in crescent $15.00 up to $15,000 \Id!ue). FUnntT in/omw,ioll ond submissiollforms seN 0" "quest. above; in exergue, L.TITVRI; border of Orkrs acctpr,dfor aut08rapMd copi,s a/lilt xaby tuklloguts dots. Crawford 344-2aJb/c. 011 Gruk, Roman. and Byzpntin, COiMg,.

Checks and M.O. 's payable to U DA VID R. SEAR" The issuer of the denarius, Sabinus, iltlllS/or 1M Alld,lIt Coill Cutijicalion Suvict may be submitted dirtctly to honors the Sabine families and alludes to his Sabine ancestry. The obverse David R. Sear, P.O. Box 5004, Chatsworth, CA 91313 depicts the Sabine king, Titus Tatius, or, if mort tOIl"'lIitllt. througll one oJth,/oilowing Authoriud SubmUsiOIl C,,,urs; while the reverse shows the Tarpeian Classical Numismatic Group,lnc., P.O. Box 245, Quarryville, PA 17566 myth which is a subplot of the myth of Harlan J. Berk, Ltd., 31 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60602 the rape of the Sabine women. The Seaby Coins, 7 Davies Street, London, WIY ILL, England Sabines under Tatius fought to free their women who were abducted by the Ro­ Phone (81S) 993-7363 Fax (SIS) 993·6119 mans, but they could not break through August 1993 37 ,

secretly to see him. The poem explains for the star and crescent motif must go upon the planet. From ancient astro­ that she accuses the Moon for her trouble, beyond art and literature. The answer, I logical sources, one can finnl y conclude yet the Moon is blameless. The ques­ argue, lies in the forboding, sinister that lunar conjunctions with two planets tion is whether Sabinus was referring 10 connotation the motif assumes by its produced beneficent effects, while two the same omiM lunae as Propertius. juxtaposition with a violent act, the kill· others were maleficent.lS Even Posi­ Edmunds investigated this passage ing of Tarpeia. This star and crescent doni us' sludent, Cicero, questioned why further and made several observations, I I motif is a bad omen, and its astral sym· astrologers held this belief: He noted that the plural fann, omina holism is indicalive of an astrological lunae. is a "poetic plural", which is a event. Given that astrology was active .. Why does an astrologer consider commonly used device; thus, it is am­ in Rome during these times, we should that the Moon's conjunction with biguous as to whether one or more omens explore an astrological interpretation. the planets Jupiter and Venus at the are involved. It is also unclear what the The Moon often passes near bright birth of children is a favorable omen was, which is similar to the con­ stars, a common and unremarkable omen, and its conjunction with Sat­ clusion drawn by Richardson ,I 2 event. However, for ancient astrologers urn or Mars unfavorabJe? ~ 16 Edmunds also found no relevant collo­ the presence of the Moon near a planet, cations between Tarpeia and omina, called a lunar conjunction, was one of The methodology of searching for and the only collocation between Tar­ the most important aspects or celestial an astrological event consists of making peia and luna is in Propertius' poem. relations. During these events the magi· a prediction before searching for un­ This does not make a strong case for a cal influence of the planet was believed usual celestial happenings. Contem­ close association between the myth of to be amplified. Although lunar con· porary astrological sources are used to Tarpeia and the star and crescent motif. junctions happen monthly with every establish criteria for the type of astro­ The evidence is that when Sabinus planet, they become very important logical event and the celestial bodies struck this coin, he was not referring to when the encounter is close, so close as that wouldbeinvolved. Thismethodol­ a literary source for hisstar and crescent to have the Moon pass in front of the ogy is crucial to avoiding coincidences motif.!3 An examination of an work planet. Such rare events, called lunar and finding the correct event; other· does not reveal any close association occultations, were momentous, and the wise, many astronomically interesting either. For example, the relief of Tar· astrological effects were believed to be occurrences will be found that have no peia from the B asilica Aemilia maximized. A slar and crescent motif astrological relevance. (Augustan period) fails to exhibit lunar symbolizes this imponant astrological references. 14 We can draw two conclu· event. The next important part of the pre­ sions: Tarpeia is not closely associated The astrological interpretation of a diction is that the astrological event with the star and crescent; and the source lunar conjunction or occultation depends must be visible, or partially so. I make this assertion for the following two rea­ sons. Romans had strongly embraced divination, the interpretation of visible Classical Coins & or tangible phenomena. Thus, Romans were accustomed to seeing and inspect­ Art of the Ancient World ing signs. Onhodox astrologers, on the other hand, did not consider visibility in Greek, Etruscan, Roman, their prognostications; they had full faith Egyptian, & Near Eastern Antiquities that their mathematics accurately pre· dicted the orientation of celestial bodies, Send for our new FREE full color 32 page brochure. visible or not. The magical effects of Our full-color 50th Anniversary catalogue - the celestial bodies were believed to be 96 pages, 466 objects - $ 10.00 always present, above or below the ho­ rizon,dayornight. Nevertheless, when an imponant celestial event was visible, the public's reaction must have been dramatic. and it is likely that enterpris­ ing astrologers and their followers took advantage of such opportunities to ad­ vance their interests. This leads to my second reason. A visible celestial omen had an immediate impact upon a super­ Eslablished 1942 stitious populace. Its placement on a coin would have great appeal and ex­ ploitative, political value. Thus, I royal-athena galleries focused on visible events for these rea­ Jerome M EiscnbcrS, Ph.D., Dircclor sons. 153 East 57th Sl., New York, N.Y. 10022 My prediction for the star and cres· Tel: (212)-355-2034 FlU: (212)-688-0412 cent motif of Tarpeia was that a lunar 332 North Beverly Dr., Beverly Hills, Ca. 90210 occultation of Mars or Saturn was vis­ Tel: (310)·550-1199 FlU: (J 1O)-5SO-I395 ible prior to the issuance of Sabinus' Royal·Athena al B.A. Scaby Ltd. coin. Eitherofthese would have been a 7 Davies Street, London WI Y I LL, England terrible omen in hannony with the Tel: 071 -495-2590 F.,.,: 071 ·491 - 159S forboding nalure of Tarpeia's star and 38 The Celator crescent. Although I targeted the search l .... r Occutl&tlono 95 to 89 It with these planets, I also made a check on the others as well to gauge the fre­ • quency of visible lunar occultations. I • examined the period 95 to 89 B.C. for • , the Moon passing in front of any visible , 11 .., ( ( Occul t., Ions planet.17 Figure2showsthedata for all • ,• lunar occultations as viewed from Rome UII Abcr.I. Hod . "" , during these seven years. The graph • • vt . tble (N Ight) reveals that candidates are quickly • , eliminated because few occur above the ", , horizon and even fewer happen during dusk or night to be visible. The data shows that only one planet, Saturn, had " any visible lunar occultations; in fact, it Figure 2 had three in 91 B.C.: July 20, October Among the lunar occultations of planets from 95 to 89 B.C., 9, and December 30. Such an unusually only Satum had visible events: three in the latter ha" of 91 B.C. large number of events ensures that one or more may have been witnessed. IS In any case, the prediction of a maleficent lunar occultation is verified. S e~r.ti"" of Sa turn and Moon Figure 3 presents convincing evi ~ • dence that this bad omen was anticipated. --- The graph reveals how any person " , ,• 6 ------watching the skies would have been - --.... -.- r 5 _•• able to predict that the Moon would • ------eventually occult Saturn. Each succes­ • ,4 ~------sive month produced a conjunction of ------Saturn and the Moon that had a smaller , -- -- separation. This eventually led to the : series of occultations in the latter half of oL-~------~--~-~-~---- 91 B.C. 9S 94 93 92 91 90 89___ These were bad astrological omens, Julian lur IC and we have a fairly good idea of their Figure 3 interpretation. The astrological work of Conjunctions between the Moon and Satum Posidonius was essentially saved for us indicated that occultations were Impending. in the Tetrabiblos of Claudius Ptolemy (ca. A.D. 150).1 9 Thus, wecanpresume that Ptolemy's account is contempora­ Now we have a cogent interpretation that, similar to Tarpeia, they would met neous with astrology of the first century of the coin. By employing the Tarpeia their just fate-death. B.C.: allegory, Sabinus proudly refers to his Sabine heritage, recounting how they Honors of 27 B.C. ~ ... he (Saturn) makes them sor­ dealt with traitors. And, by adding the Both Groeher and Crawford refer to did, petty, mean-spirited, indif­ astrological reference to the lunar oc­ another Tarpeia coin, slightly different ferent, evil-speakers, solitary, cultation of Saturn that may have been in that it does not have the star and tearful, shameless, superstitious, witnessed by many at the commence­ crescent motif; however, it was issued fond of toil, un/eeling, devisers of ment of the Social War, he reminds us jointly with another that has the motif. plots against friends, gloomy, tak­ that the heavens foretold the evil of the P. Petroni us Turpilianus, chief moneyer ing no care of the body. "20 revolters. Implicit is the moral lesson of the I1/viri monetales under Augustus

Several of these qualities can be at­ tributed to the Tarpeia allegory, especially the seemingly traitorous "de­ visers of plots against friends". STEPHEN M. HUSTON Nevenheless, given the capricious na­ C{assica{ 9{umismatist ture of astrological prognostications, one should be wary of any detailed interpre­ Post Office Box 193621 tation. It suffices to say that a lunar San Francisco, CA 94 119-3621 USA occultation of Saturn was unequi vocally ·415· 7X I-7580 · an evil omen. Furthennore, we must note the significance of the visible oc­ cultations late in 91 B.C. It is likely that these were noted by superstitious Ro­ QPflCI!. CPR" IY ApPOH

August 1993 39 Caesar, produced these two coins, shown in Figure 4. Their descriptions are:

AR Denarius: CAESARAVGVSTVS, bare head right. Rv: TVRPILIANVS IIIVIR, Tarpeia, long-haired, facing, half-buried by shields, hand raised (RIC 299).

AR Denarius: CAESAR A VGVSTVS, bare head right. Rv: TVRPILIANVS IIIVIR, six-rayed star above crescent (RIC 300).

, Visible Lo..nar OcculUtloos The coins ofTurpilianus encompass several themes: Parthia, honors of 27 S.C., triumph, Victory, and "family" •, types.21 While the Tarpeia coin is un­ questionably a Sabine family type, the • no Venus , meaning ofthe star and crescent coin is CJ Mercury enigmatic. The general consensus has • been that the motif refers to Tarpeia, • although it is unclear why it was issued ," El Hars on a separate coin. One could suggest that it refers to Augustus' victories in the East; however, the star and crescent 27 26 2S 24 23 22 21 motif was not exclusively related to the " " East during these times. Neither does it seem likely that this motif refers to Figure 5 The only beneficent lunar occultations in the period 27 to 18 B.C. Augustus' regal horoscope, which con­ involved two with Jupiter in 27 B.C. and one with Venus in 26 B.C. tains no lunar conjunctions or occultations.22 Instead, I propose that the coin can be understood as another "honors of27 S.c." event, commemo­ rating a pair of magnificent celestial events in that year. Similarly to the arguments given for SPINK. TH E OLDEST Sabinus' coin, I examined anastrologi­ cal interpretation for Turpilianus' star ESTABLISHED COIN and crescent. First, I noted the signifi­ cance that the star and crescent was on a BUSINESS IN THE separate coin. I argue that this was done because a very different omen was be­ WORLD. ing celebrated, a beneficent lunar occultation. The allegory ofTarpeia is congruous only with a maleficent event. Coins from ancient to modern bought and sold, Free verbal valuations To juxtapose it with a good event is Expert impartial advice given ' Coins bought outright, or sold on commission illogical. Furthermore, the iconogra­ Regular auctions held - please send for our current list· Publishers and stockists of phy of Turpilianus' star and crescent numismali~ books · Publishers of The Numismatic Circular since 1892 . Advice and purchase at auction saleson collectors' behalf - all major sales attended. coin suggests a beneficent, glorious For further in/ormafion on ancient coins contacl commemoration similar to his other John Pell. coins that honor Augustus. Thus, I Quote nH~ Celalor for a free edition of The Numismatic predicted that the motif commemorates Circular, our fixed price list of COifL~ of all the series and a a lunar occultation of either Jupiter or fomm for numismatic debate. Subscription $55 (10 issues). Venus, which meet this criterion. The second requirement is that it had to be visible. The search for a beneficent lunar occultation started with the end of 18 B.C. and worked backwards. I chose this year because the date of issuance, 19 S.C., is uncertain. Figure 5 shows visible lunar occultations of aU planets. srl.~~ &. SO" LTD 5.6" J ~ I NG STREET. ST JA ~l FSS. l.O"IXl~ ,W 1Y 60S TEL: Q71 ·9!{1 JW! F,\X: OJ I·839 4853. TELEX: 916711. Good or glorious astrological events Engli>h f'aln ,.,p'oo W""roIoo", ' Silv Ori

42 The Gelator Rare games coin TRIVIA QUIZ Apollo and Themisto, the daughter of tops Empire list the Hyperborean king Zabius, had a son Empire Coins has just released whose name means "the lizard". catalog #67, which contains 141 an­ What was his given name? cient coins and a selection of recent (Answer on page 56) book acquisitions at fixed prices. The Greek coin section of this list is high­ lighted by several interesting and attractive bronzes, including a 20mm r------, AE from Pergamon with Asklepiosl I Clip & Save ~ I Serpent; a stunning 21 mm AE from Elaiussa-Sebaste in CHicia; three nice bronzes from Tarsus and a dichalkon of ! . Coin File (!!!!J! EUlhydemos I of Bactrie. Roman standouts include a VF r------,Valerian II bronze as of Caligula at $225 and a dupondius of the same emperor with AR - Antonlnianus Caesonia (struck at Carthago Nova) in A.D. 253·255 VF+ at $750. A very (are and attractive games coin of GelHenus, with prize urn Sear 3063 raverse, from Heliopolis is featured at $325. Rounding out the list is a nice P. Cornelius Licinius Valerianus, the elder son of Gallienus, is generally referred selection of coins from Roman Egypt, to as Valerian II or Valerian Junior. He was given the rank of Caesar at the time including a drachm of Antoninus Pius of his father's elevation to the throne in A.D. 253. The details of his life are with Hercules wrestling the Nemeaen obscure, and some of his coins have in the past been misattributed as belonging Lion. to Saloninus, his younger brother. He has also been mis·identified as a half­ For a copy of list67, or Empire's next brother of Gallienus. It is obvious from the portraiture that he was substantially list, write to Empire Coins, Inc. at P.O. younger than Gallienus, and his coin inscriptions bear out the family ties of his Box 2634, Ormond Beach, Fl 32175· mother Cornelia Salonina. The young Caesar is depicted on the reverse of this 2634 or call 904·677·7314. coin type riding the Amalthean goat, that is, the goat who suckled the infant Zeus L in______Greek mythology. The horn______of Amalthea is commonly called the , ~ or horn of plenty. %eCdator I MARKET CAPSULE Comments: I I Personality ...... Valerian Junior See AIC 13-17 and Cohen I is your window to I Denomination ...... Antooinianus 28·32 for similar Iypas I I References .....•.... RIC V, 116,3/ Cohen (Saloninus) 26 (included in above aver· the world of ancient Database (sale) appear...... 13 (1 983.1992) ege s) I I Ave. Wei9ht ...... 3.64 gms Source: I and medieval I Ave. Condition ...... Very Fine plus Numismatic AfchlvrlS, I art and artifacts. I Ave. Price Realized ...... $105 P.O. Box 173, I TIMA.nodlrtt:tCtlrNlltkn_...."..,..-..I)M"_Ihe~..".,.... Littleton, C O 80160 .J L ------

August 1993 43 Reference Reviews Coins of the MINOR HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS

by Dennis Kroh Milnzserien 220-160 v. Chr." by Christof by Fred Knobloch in 1966 that is sometimes There are 20 rimes more reference works and Boehringer (Berlin, 1972, OP, e.$150·200), available in the $15 range. alher books on Ancient Coins available today & "The Hellellistic Killgdoms: Portrait than jU,1 Menty years DgO. Very few numis­ Coills and History" by Norman Davis and Thompson marists know how to u/iliIt! these references, or Colin Kraay (London, 1973, OP, e.S50-60). **** even where to Sfart looking for certain items. The lifetime issues of Lysimaehos are Many oj these books are: essential Jor the examined in detail by Margaret Thompson col/eelor to own, OIhers worthy of one reading in her article HT1u MilltS ojLysimachus H that (and are never ag"in consulud), and some are appears on pp.163-182 of Essays in Greek obsole/e and ponderous exercises in Jurilif)'. Coinage presented to Stanley RobiTl.fon This ft1()nthly column explores mas/ references The earllal 71lrocian king 10 slJike cOUuJgt i.s (Oxford, 1968), with seven excellent plates. on Ancient Coins (by city-slale or time period), Sparadocu.. (c.4S0 BC). I>m JU11i11/~ prolific issu"," of This is a very worthwhile reference, but the and will raU them according ro their usejul­ Lys;macJws (302·281 BC) virtulkes //J (38-46 AD). for mavin, rrs/auroms, and horels. Prices are also given wherever available. II is highly Meydancikkale Hoard **** reconvrumded Ihat at {east 10% ojyour collect­ "Die Milnzen des Ihracischen Klinigs** "Glilnar II: Le Tresor de Meydancikkale ing budget be inVl!Sled in reference boob. Lysimachlls" by Ludwig Muller appeared in (CUicie Trachle, 1980r was published in 1858, and is still one of the only references Paris in 1989. This large hoard of 5,215 (and the most used) for his coinage. [t isn'l coins (with a burial datc c.240-235 BC) was This covers the kingdoms of Thrace, very good, however, and the mint attribu­ found during an archaeological excavation, Pergamon, Pontos, Bithynia, Cappadocia, tions arc questionable to say the \east but it and contained predominantly posthumous Armenia, Characene and the Bosporus, does list most of the known symbols in Ihe Alexanders and Ptolemaic coins. However, Recommended general works for this time­ easy to use tables . 92 pages, 9 plates of there were also 117 letradraehms and 31 period are "Early HeUeIlistic Coil/age" by line-d rawings . Originals are quite rare, but drachms of Lysimachus (items 2589-2736, Otto Merkholm (Cambridge, 1991, $95), reprints are available from FORNI. There an excellent variety), and they arc listed by "Zur Chronologie mittelhellenistischer was also a reprint of the tables (only) done mints and detailed on page~ 118-131 with most illustrated on plales 75-82. The catalogue (by Catherine Johannes & Georges Le Rider) is very easy to use. For a very PROFESSIONAL REPRESENTATION detailed summary ill Eng/ish of this work, ACQUISITIONS AND LIQUIDATIONS sec Catharine Lorber's excellent review in the May 1991 SAN Journal (Vo!.XVIII, HIGHEST LEVEL OF EXPERTISE No.2). This is a 2-volume eardcover set with 377 pages of French tcxt and 157 FEE FOR ACQUISITIONS AT DEALER­ decent (but not great) plates. About $140. 10% SOURCE DIRECT COST.

FEE FOR ACQUISITIONS AT SNG 8riti~ h Mus(>um II 5% INTERNATIONAL AUCTION SALES. Perhaps this review is a bit premalure***** (as this book has not yet been published), but I FEE FOR LIQUIDATIONS PRIVA TEL Y believe it safe to say that Ihe upcoming 5% PLACED IN THE MARKETPLACE. HSylloge Nlllnmorum Graecorllm, British Musellm II: Lysimachlls H by Martin Price FEE FOR SUPERVISION OF ORDERL Y will be THE reference to have indeed! This 21/2% LlQUIDA TlONS THROUGH king was not covered by Ihe BMC series, INTERNA TlONAL AUCTION SALES. and Ihis should appear by the end of 1993. In my opinion this should be the ONLY STEVE L. RUB INGER reference needed for this series. About $75. Formerly of Numismatic Fine Arts International Youroukova ***Ih Vice-President 1977-1981 President 1981-1992 "Co iTl.f of Ihe Ancien t T1lracians" by Over 20 years of Professional Experience lordanka Youroukova (Oxford, 1976) was tr~nslated from the Bulgarian by V. OVer 100 Million Dollars in Professionally Marketed Safes Athanassov. This is a cardcover book very Inquiries Welcomed cheaply produced with 129 pages of text and 28 fuzzy but usable plates. It is the only I Telephone (818) 592-2100 Fax (818) 592-2101 decem reference for the Iatcr Thracian 6320 Canoga Ave., Suite 1770 Woodland Hills, CA 91367 kings, and although OP can be found (but not easily) for S30-40 or so. I 44 The Celator IV & Rheseuporus) including 97 coins of the lest of time rather weU, this work is now covers the issues of the Pe rgamene kings Lysimaehos from many different mints. quite outdated and useful only as a cross­ prelly well , although it is still a very basic reference. 40 pages, 4 plates, rare (c.S200). treatment. The valuations arc by now not very reliable, but they are quite useful for PERGAMENE KINGDOM Meydancikkaie Hoard comparative rarity for most issues. Still in This dynasly strock ccUu undl:r PMl:/Qiros (182·263 "Gil/nar 11: Le T,,!sor de Meydancikka/e**** print, 565 . Be), EumClts (163-24/ BC), Alia/os I, Soler (14/ ·197 (Cilicie Trachie, 1980)" was published in Be). aNI EumClts /I (197-160 Be). CislOploonc Paris in 1989. This large hoard of 5,215 SNG Copenhagen * Idradraclun.s '101 b&>rinl

"Me. M ysia Pages 113-122 of "A. Catalogue oj Greek* Coins in Ihe Brilish Museum, Volmne 14: Mysia N (London, 1892) by Warwick Wroth IF YOU ARE covers the issues of the Pergamene kings, INTERESTED IN wi th illustrations on 2'h plates. This should only be used as a reference if absolutely ANCIENT, nothing else is at hand. HAMMERED OR Imhoof-Blumer ** MILLED COINAGE "Die Manzen der Dynaslie Yon Pergamon" THEN YOU by Friedrich lmhoof-Blumer appeared in 1884 and for many years it was the standard SHOULD BE referenee fo r this series. Although the READING ... works of this prolific scholar usually stand COIN NEWS The advertisers Britain's ONLY coin magazine on these pages ANCIENTS * MEDIEVAL * MODERN support your journal. BANKNOTES * TOKENS * MEDALS NEWS * VIEWS * TIPS * TOPICS Support them, and COMPETITIONS * PRICE GUIDE, etc" etc. remember to say Send $2 for sample back issue that you saw it in TOKEN PUBLISHING LTD. lOS HIGH STREET, HONITON, DEVON EX14 BPE %e Cefator Telephone: 0404 45414 Fax: 0404 45313

August 1993 45 Wroth coven; the issues of the Pontic kings, and six tetradrachms of M ithradates VI, and SNG \'on Aulock **** with illustrations on 2 plates. This is really seven later draehms (with Roman emperors Part 1-3 (1957, in Vol. I of the reprint) not very good for this series, and should on the reverses). contains 28 coins of the Bithynian ki ngs only be used as a primary reference if (items 242-269, including 14 tetradraehms, absolutely nothing clse is at hand. the rest..£s. A further 29 coins (items B1THYNIAN KINGDOM 6878-6906) appear in Pari 15 (Naehtrage I, &veM of Iht Kint s of BilhYlliol Slru,1: COil'4g~ from 1967, in Vol. 4 of the reprint), induding IS "Recueil general des monnaies ****greeques Nikomedc; I (c.270 SCi 10 Nicomedc; IV (74 Be). tClradrachms, one drachm of Prusias II, and d'Asie Mineure, Tome Premier: Pont et the remainder IEs. These sections together make a very good reference for these. Paphlagonic" (Paris, 1904 & 1925) contains UM C, P OllfUS. efc. an excellcnt section on the Pontic kings. Pages 208-215 of "A Catalogue of*** G,eek 210 pages of text, 28 plates (more in the Coins in tht British Museum, Volume 13: 2nd edition). Originals arc very rare, a , Paphlagonia, Bi"rynia, and Tht CAPPADOCIAN KINGS decent reprint was made in 1976 of all four Kingdom of Til t Bosporus· (London, 1889) FOOIrfU" Cilppodoc:i

46 The Celator are still quite useful for comparative rarity of 96 specimens (including two lead pieces), IIMC, POII/IIS. elc, *** for most of these issues. Still in print, $65. 37 of them from the Suse Hoard. Unfortun­ Pages 48-75 of -A Cawlogue of Greek Coins ately this is quite rare and seldom offered, in the British Museum, Volume 13: Pontus, SNG Copenh:Jgt'n ** but in my opinion essential for fans of this Paphlagonia, Bithynia, and 11le Kingdom oj 55 coins (including one tetradraehm) arc cat­ scries if only for the great photos. The Bosporus~(London, 1889) by Warwick aloged in part 34 (1956, in Vo\. 7 of the Wroth covers the issues of the Kings of thc reprint), items 130-165. IJMC, Ambit), Mcsof)Qtamia & Pcr.da *** Bospurus, with illustrations on 9 plates. This series was not very well known when This is pretty good for this series, but most SNG von Aulock ***'12 this 281h volume in the BMC series (by of the dating is no longer valid and much Part 14 (1967, in Vol. 3 of the reprint) con­ G.F. Hill) was published in 1922. Nonethe­ has appeared in the 100+ years since this tains an excellent selection of 76 Cappadoci­ less it is quile a good catalogue for these if was written. an coins (items 6255-6330, including three one ignores the faulty dating and chronol­ of the very rare tetradrachms), and the ogy. Pagcs cxciv-ccriv contains a really ****'h quality and cataloging is first-rate. Part 18 good introduction to this material, and the "The Coinage of the Kingdom of the (1968, in Vol. 4 of the reprint) contains no 79 coins of Charaeene proper are cataloged Bosporus AD 69-238, translated from the further coins. on pages 289-309, with decent photos (even Russian by H. Bartlett Wells ~ (Oxford, BAR in the FORNI reprint) on plates XLIII-XLVI International Series 56, 1979) is a very good and LIV-LV. die-study of this coinage (mostly base-gold KINGDOM of ARMENIA statcrs). 249 pages, 63 double pages of blurry but useful photographic plates plus 6 From c.230 Be· c.6 AD ~1t:Ven kVJgs ofAml ~ni4 Slruck de Morgan * coiMg~ iIIlhdr 0'''' /tIlI1Ies. Page 485-505 of "monnaies orientale r by plates of line-drawings from Burachkov. Jacques de Morgan (1936) concentrates on Cardcover, and somewhat crudely printed, Bedoukian the Charaeene kings, but according to Le th is is nonetheless th e best work for this ~Coinage of The Artaxiads of Armenia"***** by Rider it contains "boucollp d'errors- and series and is now very elusive (c.$80-100). Paul Z. Bedoukian appeared in 1978. Is is a should be utilized with great caution. corpus of the coinage struck c.ZOO BC - 34 S~r **** AD. There are 168 coin-types listed, with an Items 5419-5506 of ~Greek Imperial Coins ex.eellent historical perspective, 81 pages, 8 **'11 &: Their Vallles" by David R. Scar, pages plates. Although OP, these can be found for Items 6177-84 on pages 571-2 of -Greek 535-543 covers the issues of the kings of the Coins &: Their Va lues, 2nd Revised Edition, c.$50. Bosporous. Many of the main coin types Voillme 2 (Asia &: Africa)" by David R. Sear struck by these rulers are represented and 25 covers the issues of the kings of Characene, of them are illustrated. The valuations are and for later issues of Adinerglos to Items 7308-21 on pages 689-90 of ***"Greek no longer reliable (except, oddly enough, Meredates see items 5922-34 of his "Greek Coins &: Their Values, 2nd Revised Edition, for the gold issues which seem to be pretty Imperial Coins &: Their Valu es-, pages 586- Volume 2 (Asia &: Africa) ~ by David R. Sear much spot-on), but they can still be useful 8. Many of the main coin types struck by covers the issues of the Annenian Kings (the for comparative rarity. In print, $80. these rulers are represented and some are issues of Tigranes II are listed under the illustrated as well. The valuations are by Seleucid Kingdom, items 7202-12). Many SNG Copenhagen now not very reliable (especially since these ** of the main coin types struck by these rulers Part 18 (in Vol. 3 of the reprint) contains 86 never seem to come very nice), but th ey are are represented and 4 types are illustrated. coins (items 12-85), all illustrated but the qu ite useful for comparative rarity fo r most The valuations are by now not very reliable, representation is too spotty to be utilized as issues. Still in print, $65 ($80 fo r GIC). but they are quite useful for comparative a primary reference for these. SNG von rarity for most issues. Still in print, $65. Aulock contains no coins of th is area.

KINGS of the BOSPORUS Dennis Kroh is a w~II-l:nown oJ:s ah(JII11Mm as wtll as ajru-lIlIIu cOUilogut slruck by PhIlfMCes 11 (63-47 BC) through RhtsJ:uporis wriur who utilizes many references tl>ery ~y. Q"erit.< nUs r(llMr cnuJt cointlgt W

August 1993 47 Professional Directory

(~jjtiqUiti~ ) ( Antiqnities )

§} ...... ~_~\t _ .... + ...... __ M_.:"~} I ; EGYPTIAN & CLASSICAL 1 Ancient Coins & Antiquities I ANTIQUITIES t Buy, Sell & Auction AkT~""S We offer the collator () varied selection GALLERY ~ , • Ancient, Medieval & Modem Coins of fine quality Ancient World Art! I >l • Pre-Columbian Art, Rare Books Classical Antiquities • Weapons, Orientalia, Old Maps 1 Pre-Columbian Art 1 Seeking coins, artifacts, books and Asian Art • more for upcoming aucti on Primitive and Tribal Art JOEL MALTER & Co. Ancient Numismatics ! • ,''"CO" • "'""""" • ",om 17005 Ventura Blvd. i • POlTERY • WEAPONS • AMULETS 1i Encino, CA 91316 USA All Objects Guaranteed Genuine. + • FREE: Cfttnlog No. C191 upon request + (818) 784-7772 FAX: 784-4726 Authentication Certificate Provided. ~ Galluy by QPpo/nlmMI • (212) 724-9455 0 q ANCIENT WORLD ARTS, LTD. Important ancient Greek silver a coin auction later this year! 290 Fillmore, Denver, CO 80210 J 50 West 76th st. . New York 10023 1 Tel.: 303-321-7351 (Phone/Fax) l\,..".r-.. .-?,:~~ '1.1 _~. + ~ __ hi"-h.

Saaig/i qaf{ery 25 years serving you... Say you saw it in • ANCIENT COINS 5'Lncient 5'Lrt • MEDIEVAL COINS rrhe Cefator MEHRDAD • ANCIENT ART & SADIGH ANTIQUITIES EVENINGS Write for Free Illustrated (410) 876-7140 or Six buy or bid sales per year Catalogues of the Following: (410) 235·1696 Call or write for free catalog • Ancient Coins LXII • Medieval Coins XXVIII 303 5th Ave., Room #1603 • Ancient Art and Antiquities XXI Ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Etc. New York, NY 10016 Artifacts, Bronzes, Slatullltes. Pottery. Free li. t upon request 800-426-2007 P.O. Box 38 Member. Antiquities Dea/ars Assoc. South Salem P.O. 80)( 25, Westminster, MD 21158 212-725-7537 New York 10590 Fa x 751·9670

:FI'J{'1J J'/2I({;I'E'J{'J' PHOENICIA SHANS Premier Pi('EJtS'U'1('E5 Antiquities /Vl The Time @ Machine Co. EXPORT OF ANCIENT ARTIFACTS & COINS Fine Archaeological FROM ISRAEL Art and Coins UCensoo by the /sraeJi Antiquities Department PHOENICIA P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sta. USA Address: P.O. Box 341 Queens, NY 11367 HolyIand Antiquities Kew Gardens, NY 11415-0341 (718) 544·2708 p.o. Box 692, Gracie Station TeIjFax: 718-846-0833 New York, NY 10028 (212) 517-8847

48 The Celator Professional Directory

Coins & Books ( Coins & Books

~AIIen G. Berman ANCIENT COINS ~a. Professional ARCHEOLOGICAL • Numismatist ARTIFACTS P.O. Box 605, Fairfield, CT 06430 A full-service firm for Ph: (203) 374-3032 or 254-7177 Greek, Roman, Byzantine cofns and antiquities. Auctions Ancient & World Coins Buy and sell high grade coins, entire collections, wts. PONTERIO DEALERS ARE KINDLY 4125 W . Mineral King, REQUESTED TO ASK FOR Suite 316 & ASSOCIATES, INC. OUR SPECIAL OFFERS. Visalia, CA 93277 (209) 636·0945 1818 Robinson Ave. Athena GmbH S,n Diego, CA 92103 OUostr.5 David S. Michaels 0 -8000 Miinchen 2, Gennany Numismatist Tel: (004989) 591147 • Fax: 598220 (619) 299·0400 (800) 854·2888 ..... ~ FRANKL. Brian Kritt ,"IUlA1lI11 PNG #308 Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins ~"- ',,,,"".,~,, ANA-LM "-" KOVACS Specializing in Ancient Ancient Coins Greek, Roman & Judaic Coins & Antiquities Twente For Serious Collectors ~ Altlciient Coins Quality Coins with an Animal Motif Shows &: Want Lists P.O. Box 25300 P.O. Box 558 (no catalogues or lists published) San Mateo, CA 94402 Burtonsville, MD 20866 John & Janet Twente (415) 574·2028 (301) 236·0256 , 105 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, Me"'211 II (31 4).<$45.3389 ·882·2663 (tape) FAX (415) 574·1995

Specialist in Ancient Coins ow stock World Millor Coins, Medals, ~m)lir£ (!loins Pegasi Coins Crowns, Artifact., Books and Coill cases P.O. Box 4207 Out inventory is among the finest in America Ancient Coin Specialists Ann Arbor, MI48106 • Buyin¥ • ~lIing . Want LL~ts . Books Phone: (313) 99s.-5743 • AppraISals· Consignments · Referrals • Attendance at all major Shows and Salcs Fax: (313) 995·3410 • Exclusive Auction Bidding Scrvice Classical numismatists serving 'Sound Advice based 01\ long experience · Subscribers receive six fully illustrated beginners thru advanced collectors fixed price catalogues of ancient COillS and books about them, and two major Classical Greek, Roman, auction sales per year. • Periodic reference book lists & salcs Byzantine, and Medieval Coins, Books & Antiquities In/he pasf /'WI? y~a's"", ha...., completed fiw ulSo/rhe 12 CMsarS in gold. Empire Coins, Inc. CiiEl Free illustrated catalogs I GEORGE M. BEACH P.O. Box 2634 f.iiiiii1 Specify: Ancient or Medieval OrmoodBeach,Fl.32I7S-2634USA ~ Numiscellaneous Phooe (9(»)6n-7314 -cur...... Want lists serviced. Consultations available. p.o. Box 113, Owosso, MI 48867 Office hours 9·5, M -F ,"ds' (517) 634-5415 pu(904)6n_7324 ~ Appraisals end estal~'~~::~~~J

August 1993 49 Professional Directory

GCoiDs8iBooks )

FINE NUMISMATIC BOOKS Fred B. Shore Bought and Sold

Classical Numismatics Numismatic Arts Ancient Greek, Roman and of Santa Fe Parthian coins a/the highest p.o. Box 9712, Santa Fe, NM 87604 quality bought and sold Phone or FAX· 505-982-8792

PO Box 36 We are always keenly interested in buying important Antiquarian and Out·Of·Print Fort Washington PA 19034 Numismatic BooKs and Ubraries in ali 215/275 - 3430 languages. Ancients Catalog $5

ANCIENT COINS Christian Blom ANCIENT COINS AND ANTIQUITIES Greek, Roman, Byzantine Greek, Roman and Price Lists Harlan J. B erk, Ltd. World Coins Six buy or bid sales per year Buy-Bid Sales Write or call for free catalogue write/or free price list free on Request 312-609-0016. SOUTHEAST ~-'''''''~.A,~ 312·609·0017 P.O. Box 7618 M 31 N. Clark Sf. Arlington, VA 22207 NUMISMATIC SERVICE Chicago, IL 60602 703-276-2392 P.O. Box 50607. Dept. C noon to midnight Jacksonville Beach. fl. 32240

DMITRY MARKOV BILL MCDANIELS -Ancient Ancient and , • - Medieval Medieval Coins Q -Islamic (Greek, Roman, Indian, • Russian Islamic, Chinese, Early European, Etc.) CLASSIC GREEK, ROMAN AND Write for illustrated catalogues BRITISH COINS P.O. Box 2273 • Professional service with a personal flavor p.o. Box 950 Ph: (212) 385·8661 Albany, NY 12220 • Thoughtful and detailed catalogs-high New York, NY 10272 Fax: (212) 349-1743 quality photographs and printing. Sample jssue~$2 ~s The Jewish War Cold Spring, MN 56320 Silver"YearOne" (612) 685-3835 • prototype shekel realized $242,000

ancient & rare coins • World's Largest Coin Auctioneers p.o. bo, 3~7.1")'l', n.)'. JOSHI) • Ancient Coin Collector Program • Quarterly Price Lists S\.'fving J,'akrs, <.:olk<':lOr~. illVl'stor" • Prompt Want List Sen'ice ,,~ "."-tll,, hll~ Greek . B}'zantine Call 1-800-421-0754 today and ask for Roman ..Iudaean David Vagi, director of Ancient Coins. • Fa' Th. Coi!trlOr • ANCIEN T & MEDIEVAL CO IN S W'"" h," ",,,,.'h ,,'ty;,',-,1. I ~ d"y rdH"" BUY· SUL· APPRAISAL I'ri'ik~,·. ·\11 _"Ill. ~""r;'''k''d ~"Ill,i' ~ ' II "I, .", ' m"" lim;' Superior Galleries PO Bo)( 15134 Portland, OR 97215 !krving coIlulors sjnc~ 1930 phone: (914) 939M 20SH ( 232-3372 9478 W. Olympic BI., Beverly Hills, CA 90212 mc'mikT "",, 1m I-.lSo. "II~; tlla_ "in"

50 The Gelator Professional Directory

C Coins & Books ) C Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

Visiting: NUMlSMATICA ARS CLASSICA SOUTHLAND San Francisco? NUMISMATICS, LTD. The Silicon Valley? ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS Stanford University? GREEK GREEK TREASURE ROMAN Visit. .. ISLAND BYZANTINB ROMAN MEDIAEVAL JUDAEAN We carry a large inventory RENAISSANCE BIBLICAL CITY COINS of Ancients as well as the largest AUCTIONS - LISTS Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. VALUATIONS & HOLYLAND ANTIQUITIES Lists Available Our complimentary illustrated TREASURE ISLAND catalogue is yours upon request 3703 EI Camino Real NUMISMATICA AM CLASSICA ~- BOX' Palo Alto, CA 94306 Modadoffslo-.o T...... OI :UII I1OJ MS STATE, MS 39762 IOOI~S__ T.ldu OI U lnu ~J ••' (415) 855-9905 !" , OO:~'~,,\" , ,,!,,,! Phone601/324·25 17

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August 1993 51 Professional Directory ( Coins & Books ) ( ' Coins & Books ) c Coins & Books )

Aigai Numismatics is currently offering tire Lucien Birkler finest ancient Gruk, Roman and BYlllntine numismatic an in the mallcetplace taday. & Co. Bejou you buy, think quality and remember Professional Numismatists .... Quality is aUf bu.r FAX) and will represent you . Fax. (49) (89) 22 07 62 i~i CaU or send us your want list • ~I 1707 L. st. NW Suite 520 · lHustrated POOl!> Usls .-" Send a copy of this ad for a FREE sample SAN · Want lJst Search Service {, ,,\ Washington D.C. 20036 • .o.uction Aeprelentalion '. r of one of our lates! auction catalogs · Markel PrIce Compar_1 ,. .. 202-833-3no and te ll US what y<.I1I arc c<.Illecting.

Jonathan K. Kern Co. S. GILLIS Greek, Roman, Byzantine Bachelor of Arts ANCIENT COINS & ANTIQUITIES & Medieval Coins Numismatics BRONZE AGE, CELTIC, ROMAN for the Connoisseur Ancient, Medieval, Early SAXON, VIKING & MEDIEVAL American Numismatics Illustrated catalogue Occasional Catalogues Please write or telephone VIKEN M_ HAVANDJIAN for your free copy 20 HOWARD ST, DARflELD, BARNSLEY P.O. BOX 50417 S. YORKSHIRE, S73 9ID, ENGLAND AUSTIN. TX 78763 Tel: 0226 750371 (512) 250-1931

Free Ust of inexpensive 441 S. Ashland ANCIENT COINS Art of the Ages, Ltd. Lexington, KY 40502 MICHAEL & SANDRA WOLF Frequently Published UJustTated Catalogs Can or write for your complimentary copy (606) 269-1614 P.o. Box 233, Dewey, AZ. 86327 (602) n2-7144 ,Tllble 316 lit Long Beach Prompt Service Specialist in world and ancient coins under $100 Islamic, Indian, Baktrian For the finest of 7276 SW Beaverton Hwy. and Central Asian Coinages numismatic arl, Portland, OR 97225 - (503) 598-0700 writejora AnneJackson, President complimentary copy of our fixed price catalogue_ Greek, Roman, Byzantine Coins DQ . PavL P,yneaQson and Classical Antiquities Send/or sample catalog Write for sample illustrated list EDWARDJ. WADDELL,Ltd. P.O.B0>4009 Persic Gallery 444 N. Fredericlc. Ave. , Suite 316, Dept. 0 Dmar Hamidi, P.O. Box 10317 Malibu Torrance, CA 90505 I California 90265 • ·(301) 990-7446 (310) 326-8866 •

52 The Cefato( Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

FRANK Ancient Greek & Roman Coins Glenn Schinke and books a1xlUt them Numismatist STERNBERG AG Fru $llmple ca/alog~ Schanzengasse 10, CH-8001 Thomas P. McKenna P.o. Box 1356-E Ancients Zurich, Switzerland PI . Collins, CO 80522 (303) 226-5704 Medieval tel . 01/252.3O.88Iax. 01/252.40.67 Foreign ILLUSTRATED P.O. Box 3371-CH Rosemead, CA 91770 PRICELISTS (818) 446-6775 Bought and Sold Greek COINS AND MEDALS Roman Ancient, Medieval and Modem Byzantine .. Classical NUMISMATICUTERATURE . . Roman GEMS.CAl'tfEOS.JEWELRY Request yours today! I)~ '. Coins Ancient to Modem . - AUCTION SALES Wayne C. Phillips MICHAEL R. ROBIN 8-A Village Loop Box 70642, Marietta, GA 30007 Suite 125 (404) 977-4573 Edgar L. Owen Phillips Ranch, CA 91766 (909) 629-0757 Want Usts Fully Serviced Ancient Coins "/ Will Find Your Coin" & Antiquities Serving the collector since 1959

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August 1993 53 Professional Directory

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Albert Leibs PHOTOGRAPH GREATER NEW YORK Books aboullhe ancient and COINS & BILLS IA NUMISMATIC ~ ., CONVENTION ~ medieval worlds, archaeology • Instant Polaroid Prints Drawer 460, Oriskany, NY 13424 • Color or Black & White SEPT 9, 10 & 11,1993 • Same Size or Enlarged OMNI PARK CENTRAL HOTEL 7th Ave. & 56th St., New York City Held aimultaneously wtIh lIMo AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC FORUM ASSOCIAnoN CONVENTION Call or Send for CONVENTION FEA TURfS: Free Brochure ANCIENT AUCTIONS BY ~. & Charles KIr1/(1), P.O. Box 2937 , "Ancients Arcade", Medals/EXonUmia Haft, COINS Redwood City, CA 94064 " dub meetings, forum s, exhibibJ, numismatic " 1~ef8ture and supplies. 100+ Numismatic o dealers in all categories. Young - Greek Numismatists led by Larry G&ntile Sr. -Roman Contact: Moe Welnschel ImJARIES PHOTOGRAPHIC P,O. Box 277, Rockaway Park, NY 11694 -Byzantine J (415) 854-7662 (718) 634-9266· fax (71 8) 318-1455 FREE list upon request Forum Ancient Coins INTRODUCING Glasrubber n.., fifJ9St tool eVEN" inv8flteci lex cleaning 765 N. Nellis, MR 1402 6 _____.... ___ Chairman: Ed Aleo before bidding in a sale. Our reports 10 refills-$9.95 +$1 shipping can help identify coins that are under­ Box 400, Winchester, MA01890 PHOENICIA HolyUmd A~uilUl' (212) 517_8847 617-729-9677 or overvalued when compared to a sale P.O. 8O>c 892. Gr_ Stdon, N_VOIIc, NY 10028 catalog's lot estimate. Queries are $15 (U.S. ) each, or equivalelll in/oreign funds. No computer is needed. Mahogany Coin Cabinets The advertisers NUMISMATIC ARCmVES BOX 173, LITTLETON, CO Ji on these pages 80160-0173 USA

FAX (303)-688-8236 support your journal. The Professional Support them and Directory Is your Custom made in Eng/and remember to say window to the for your collection that you saw it in world of ancient Send $1 for ordering infonnation and $2 rebate coupon and medieval David McDonald % e CeCator numismatics! P.O. Box 2150, Westminster, MD 21158

54 The Celator THE BACK PAGE

by those who were involved, that in the early years, during Dear Ceiator Reader: the 70's, the sum spent per month insured that ·interest­ The topic this month is the recent NY Spring lot. & the ing· coins would be acquired but certainly not superb ex­ auctions held in conjunction with it. Last month, Wayne a..mDles . I viewed the coins as did my colleagues, and the (Herr Editor) expressed his opinion on the Editorial Page general opinions that I heard and which I agree with, were (of all places), and this month I will give you the benefit of that many of the coins "had problems". This is to be my opinion, in my paid advertisement, The Back Page. I expected in a collection where acquiring the type is of believe this is called ·putting your money where your paramount importance coupled with a modest purchasing mouth is·, budget. It was only In the last years of the collection's I thought that the show did very well. As one of the formation that major sums were spent and really "neat" owners, I have a decidedly vested interest, and thought coins gone after. Thosecoinswhich had both rarit¥ & QLJaljt¥ that the turn-out was decent and that business was being did very well Indeed, such as a Tarentum Attic weight done. There were quite a number of auctions of both coins stater, which I paid $6250 for on behalf of a client (est. & classical antiquities which coincided with the show, with $6000). A gold drachm of the Sikeliotes did very well for the "magnetic-effect- that this show has for attracting anotvery pretty coin by making its $15,000 estimate, and auctions, simply unknown lor any other show, anywhere in a great gold daric 01 Nektanebo II, the only Pharaonic gold the world. Both Winter & Spring, we anticipate that the struck, made $16,000 on a $12,500 est. A lot 01 the other auctions will continue, both those co-sponsored by the coins which were badly struck, dOUble-struck, of low grade, show and those which "tag-a10ng-. Obviously, having etc. simply did not have the "zetz" to get people going. The millions of dollars of merchandise for sale atthe same time practice of continually opening each lot at ~ 60% of as these shows will continue to cause collectors to spread the low estimate certainly indicated the material was their purchases over both the auctions and the dealers in reserved and not there "to be sold". attendance. I recently saw a quote from a fellow dealer The next evening, it was a decidedly different story at who stated that "items under $300 & over $2000 sold ...- . Christie'S, as the justifiably "famous" McLendon Collection I think this a fair comment, as we had a similar experience. was auctioned off. This collection had been built on Collectors do not seem to be actively buying Greek silver obtaining very high quality coins, and the pedigrees indi­ which sells for $500 to $800 in pur experience as it usually cated that many of the coins had been bought from famous means the coins are quite common or lower grade or both. collections at auction. Overall the coins were ·exciting~ , There is an enormous amount 01 these being sucked out and it was known that they were there "to be sold", as olthe marketplace by the jewelry trade, which is very good Christie's has ·Iearned its lesson" in the past with trying to for all of us, as this type of material keeps coming out of stick to a rigorous schedule of reserves. This was obvious Europe in groups and is of little interest or use to just about on lot 1, a magnificent didrachm 01 Tarentum, est. $500- anyone but jewelers. Sorry folks, I do notthink that ancient $700 which opened at $400 & sold for $1000. I heard coins or ancient items of any type are ·sacred- as I am sure several ·uh-ohs" in the background. Lot 2, a miserable a number of readers will "gasp in horror" as I give my stater of Laos, est. $800-$1200 opened at $250 & sold lor opinion that many of these coins are only good for wearing $300. I think you get the idea. Christie's sold over $1.1 around one's neck. Wayne, be warned, you wilt get million and .lOQ% of the coins sold. The idea lor a suc­ lettersll cessful auction Is to have the material which will elicit Low-end & common Emperor Roman silver is justIU2l: some excitement, to have a clientele which has the money saleable except for jewelry as the supply seems to be to spend to buy these items, and to have "position" so that endless for worn Antonine & Severan material, while minty the bidders are not·sitting on their paddles- thinking about Constantinian seems to be going over to Japan as I have what they may be able to buy at the following sales. to assume that it has become fashionable, as it still is here. 0 1the numerous auctions, I would like to express my FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST opinion 01 the auctions of NFA, CNG, & Christie's. NFA WE WILL ALL BE IN NJ had the least interesting sale 01 the three, as we have all become used to their continually acquiring magnificent Upcoming Show Schedule; collections which are then sold in catalogues which be­ Another month when we can't find a decent show to do­ come well-thumbed references for years ahead. This see you in September. time, they simply did not have that type of collection to offer. They negotiated to get the Stevenson Gold Collec­ tion, but could not come to terms with the owners. So the sale was a bit of this, a bit of that, and some very important Jewish coins. Coming before both CNG & Christie's, they had to suffer the effects of being "the prelim", before the Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. "main event", but luckily had a very strong book (as they ·Specialists in Museum Quality Coins· usually do), so the sale actually did quite well, yet playing Member: ANA. ANS. SAN , AINA, INS, Ex·Feliow RNS to a "lukewarm" audience. CNG had a very interesting collection of Greek gold P.O. Box 374 P.O. Box 699 which was assembled over time by brothers perhaps more South Orange, NJ 07079 Palm Desert, CA 92261 interested in having a comprehensive collection of Greek Phone; (201) 761..()634 Phone: (619) 345-7161 gold rather than a "highly important collection". I was told, FAX: (201) 761-8406

August 1993 55 INDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Celator Classifieds AiQe.I Numilmatics ...... 52 AJbIxn, S!&pI\en ...... 51 Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each additional word. Amphora ...... , 27, 51 Anc:i..m II. R .... Coin& ,...... 32, SO Anci&nIWorId AnI, lid ...... , , ...... _. .. 43 A.ntiod1 Anod.",• ...... 17 BULK LOTS Ancient Roman bronze The other ancients: Africa, Mideast, Ala"... ologl . GIlD«y _. _...... _ ... 19 Aries Photographic ...... 54 coins. Buy direct from the source of India, Southeast Asia, the Orient. ArtofIheAgel, Ud ...... 52 supply, just imported, have not been Primitive Monies. Books too. Free list. AnemisGallary ...... ,.• 48 A!hen. GmbH ," ...... 49 picked over. Average condition fair, Semans, Box 22849P, Seattle, WA BaySt8le Coin Show ...... 54 Be"""', Geos ...um Coin EJect."""", ...... 53 Davis. Ki'" ...... 51 and Roman coins. All coins are illus­ Joy, P.O. Box 7ll2, Arlington, VA Davi ..on"Ud ...... , ...•.. , 50 22207. Eoonomopoo.Aoa Enterprises ...... 53 trated. Please write for latest free list: Empire Coina Inc...... 49 Claude Lelievre, 2 Capri, Dollard-des­ FOfUm kcieoI Coin, ...... 54 GIBis. S ...... 52 Onneaux, QC, Canada H9B 212. Greek, Roman, Medieval coins. GoI"". RobertT ...... •. 50 Monthly catalogs with very reasonable Gr.. ter New York Numismatic Convention ...... 54 HtwandjiM . Vik"" M ...... 52 prices and discounts issued for 26 years. He+ios OldW<>"" M ...... 39,53 Caligula, Gennanicus, Olha, Vitellius, Francis J. Rath, Box 266, Youngstown, IAPN ...... ,...... 22 Katich, JoW ...... 51 Nerva, AeJius, Faustina Jr., Lucius NY 14174. Kern Co. • Jonathon K...... 52 Kolbe. G_ge FreOetidc ...... 30 Verus, Commodus, Caracalla. Mario Ko.aco. Frank L ...... 49 Assante, 1079 Atwood Ave., Johnston, STILL LOOKING for a special book Kiln, Bri"" ...... 49 on ancient or foreign coins? We stock Lanz. Hubert ...... 52 Rl 02919. l.&ibs ..... bert... ,. ... . 54 over 1000 different titles. Please write: lMI N ...... rn.tics. lid...... 14 LoncIon Coin GaI_...... 47.53 A. G. van der Dussen, Hondstraat 5, Maine CI ....icaI Numllmatics,...... 10 WARNING! Book pox. Highly con­ Malloy...... x G. Inc ...... 13. 48 6211 HW, Maastricht, Netherlands. Malter. Joel & Co...... 48 tagious. No known cure. Infection MatkO\l. Drritry ...... 50 characterized by dizziness, apnea and Mattin. C.J. (Col.. ) Lid ...... 12 COLLECTOR W ANTS ancient coins McOMIell,&1I ...... 50 compulsive visiting of book shops and with any of the following words in Greek McOonald, David ...... 54 reading of catalogs. I cannot effect a McK&M" Tho

56 The Cefato, Numismatic

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