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Assessment of Growth and Yield Potential of Different Vegetable Amaranth Type In Assessment of growth and yield potential of different vegetable amaranth type In Kleve, Germany BY Tamanna Tanzin Matriculation Number: 11520 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Life Sciences, Hochschule Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Sciences In Sustainable Agriculture Supervisor Co-supervisor Dr. Katja Kehlenbeck Prof. Dr. Florian Wichern Kleve, Germany March 2018 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Botanical Description .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Cultivation and Management of Amaranths ....................................................................................... 8 1.3 Health Benefits of Amaranths ............................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Justification and Aim of the Study ..................................................................................................... 10 2. Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Field Experiment ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1. Location ..................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Variety Selection and Description .............................................................................................. 14 2.1.4 Management and Cultivation ..................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5 Harvest ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Seed Germination Test ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.3. Data Collection ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.1 Continuous Measurements of Field experiment ........................................................................ 19 2.3.2 Destructive Measurements of Field Experiment ........................................................................ 19 2.3.3 Seed Germination Test ............................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 21 3. Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Field Experiment ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.1.1 Plant Height ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.1.2 Leaf ............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.1.3 Stem ............................................................................................................................................ 29 3.1.4 Root ............................................................................................................................................ 32 3.1.5 Total Weight of 20 Selected Plants of Each Variety ................................................................... 35 3.1.6 Total Weight of the Fresh Above- Ground Biomass per Plot ................................................... 36 3.1.7 Dry weight of Leaves, Stems and Roots of 20 Selected Plants of Each Variety ......................... 37 3.1.8 Leaf-Stem Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Correlation between Different Variables of Field Experiment .......................................................... 39 3.3 Seed Germination Test ...................................................................................................................... 41 4. Discussion ................................................................................................................................................ 42 5. Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 46 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 48 DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY ................................................................................................................ 49 References ................................................................................................................................................... 50 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 53 Table of Figures Figure 1: Average temperature and precipitation in Kleve over the year (Meteoblue, 2017) ................... 12 Figure 2: A randomized block design was used for field experiment (A). Here, S1-L8 shows the variety ID of eight selected variety used in this experiment and 'A', 'B' beside the variety ID indicates two replication of each variety. Each sub-plot had four rows in total with 17 cm gap in between rows (B) .... 13 Figure 3: 40cmx40cm frame used to select the core plants of each plot (A), harvested plants of 'Surinamese Spinach' (L7) (B) and total harvested plant of Marog Green (L8) plot after washing the roots (C) ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 4: The seeds were washed i H₂O₂ ixture ad i distilled water to avoid fungal diseases (A). Later the seeds were placed in petri dishes where each petri dish contains ten seeds of each variety (B). Germinated seeds of leafy variety 'Laal Shak' (L5) at 20 C after three days of placing the seeds in climate cabinet (C) ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 5: Mean plant height of 20 amaranths plants of each eight different varieties sorted by variety type (stem varieties on top, leafy varieties at the bottom) ........................................................................ 23 Figure 6: Boxplot of final mean height (cm) of 20 amaranths plants of each selected varieties sorted by variety type (leafy is coded as L and harvested six weeks after sowing, stem is coded as S and harvested eight weeks after sowing). The H-test were performed separately of each for the four stem and four leafy varieties. ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 7: Mean number of leaves of 20 amaranths plants each of eight different varieties sorted by variety type (stem varieties on top, leafy varieties at the bottom) ............................................................ 26 Figure 8: Boxplot of final mean of number of leaves per plant (A) and mean leaf weight in g (B) of 20 amaranths plants of each selected variety sorted by variety type. Here leafy variety is coded as L and harvested six weeks after sowing and stem variety is coded as S and harvested after eight weeks of sowing. The H-Test were performed separately each for the four stem and four leafy varieties. ............ 27 Figure 9: Boxplot of mean Leaf area (cm²) (A) and mean percentage of leaves from total weight of 20 amaranths plants of each selected varieties sorted by variety type. Here leafy variety is coded as L and 2 harvested six weeks after sowing, stem variety is coded as S and harvested after eight weeks of sowing. The H-tests were performed separately of each for four stem and four leafy varieties. ........................... 28 Figure 10: Boxplot of final mean stem weight in g (A) and stem diameter in mm (B) of 20 amaranths plants of each selected varieties sorted by variety type. Here, leafy variety is coded as L and harvested six weeks after sowing, stem variety coded as S and harvested after eight weeks of sowing. The H-tests were performed separately for each of four stem and four leafy varieties. .............................................. 30 Figure 11: Boxplot of mean percentage of stem from total weight of 20 amaranths plants of each selected varieties sorted by variety type. Here, leafy variety is coded as L and harvested six weeks after sowing, stem variety
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