Logo Moskvich

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Logo Moskvich La storia del logo Moskvich OAO Moskvič MZMA - AZLK Nazione Russia Fondazione 1929 a Mosca Chiusura 2001 Sede principale Mosca Settore Autoveicoli Sito web www.azlk.ru Gli inizi Москвич traslitterato come Moskvič o usando la traslitterazione anglosassone Moskvich o Moskwitch significa "moscovita" ed è una fabbrica di automobili russa. Nel 1929 la costruzione di veicoli iniziò con la produzione di 24000 unità sia di auto che di camion della Ford. Per la precisione fino al 1933 vennero prodotti i modelli di Ford-A e Ford-AA. Venne dato il nome GAZ KIM acronimo di Fabbrica Automobili di Stato nel nome della Gioventù Internazionale Comunista. Le auto vennero marchiate come GAZ-AA e GAZ. Nel 1939 divenne indipendente e prese in nome di KIM staccandosi dal ramo GAZ. Venne prodotta la KIM-10 (auto di medie dimensioni) di cui successivamente venne proposta la versione cabriolet chiamata KIM-10-52: 4 porte, 3 volumi. Nel 1941 venne trasformata per la produzione di armi necessarie per sostenere la seconda guerra mondiale. Al termine del conflitto, l'Unione Sovietica acquistò tutte le linee di produzione della Opel dello stabilimento di Brandenburg. Il nome dato alla fabbrica fu MZMA (Moskovsky Zavod Malolitrazhnykh Avtomobiley, Fabbrica di auto compatte di Mosca) facendo ripartire la produzione nel 1947 con il modello Moskvič 400 basata sulla Opel Kadett. Della Moskvič 400 vennero prodotte le versioni van e cabriolet e un primo ammodernamento ci fu nel 1954. La versione 401, costruita nel 1945 fu invece basata sulla Opel Kadett K38 quando questa era già uscita di produzione 5 anni prima. Per la costruzione fu acquistato l'intero piano industriale: ben 56 treni di materiale. Fu 1074 di cilindrata, 4 cilindri in linea in grado di erogare 26 cavalli e raggiungere i 90 km/h. Fu rimpiazzata dalla 402. L'Aleko Moskvich AlekoNel 1986 AZLK iniziò la produzione della Moskvič 2141 soprannominata “Aleko” acronimo di Avtozavod LEninskogo KOmsomola (fabbrica di automobili di Lenin Kosmol). Una nuova vettura di segmento D che diede un taglio netto con il passato. Venne costruita sulla base della Simca 1307: una vettura dalla linea ormai datata di 10 anni dalla quale prese la forma estetica (eccezion fatta dalla parte frontale che invece venne forse ispirato dalla Talbot Horizon data la notevole somiglianza) senza rispettare le licenze per la tutela della proprietà intellettuale. Per quanto riguarda la meccanica c’è da dire che alcuni particolari del motore, sospensioni e del differenziale delle ruote anteriori (trazione anteriore) vennero ricopiate dalla Audi 100. Le motorizzazioni furono rispettivamente di 1600, 1700 e 1800 cc prodotti dalla Lada-Vaz. Le motorizzazioni 1800 cc Diesel furono prodotte dalla Ford e il 2000 cc dalla Renault. La vettura fu la prima ad essere prodotta in Russia ad avere il cambio a 5 rapporti. Dal 1992 al 2001 venne prodotta la 2335, identica alla 2141 ma in versione pickup. Il progetto 2141 terminò nel 1996 e nel 1997 venne sostituita dalla “Svjatogor” che venne affiancata dalla 2142 (1997-2002): variante a 3 volumi della 2141 dotata di motore Renault dalla linea somigliante alla Zaz Slavuta. Quando l'azienda andò in bancarotta la fabbrica venne abbandonata. La crisi dell’azienda La Svjatogor, auto spaziosa internamente e ben curata nei dettagli fu apprezzata da molti ma, nonostante fosse una vetture di nuova concezione e nel 1998 vennero venduti 5 milioni di veicoli, l’azienda cadde in un deficit economico e nel 2001 venne interrotta la produzione. Le auto furono comunque vendute e rese disponibili fino a metà del 2002 nel solo territorio moscovita. Nonostante i numerosi prestiti l’azienda andò in bancarotta e i pezzi di ricambio furono venduti fino al 2002. I debiti aziendali ammontano a 23.3 miliardi di rubli. Nel Dicembre 2006 venne messa all’asta e il nuovo proprietario, il gruppo finanziario “Metropol”, ma nel 2007 il tentativo di riaprire la produzione delle vetture con il nuovo marchio “Avtoframos”, che dal 1998 cominciò la produzione per conto della Renault del modello Renault Logan (uguale in tutto alla Dacia Logan) non riuscì a decollare costringendo a chiudere di fatto i battenti fisicamente e legalmente. Fonti: recensione acquisita il 25-01-2012 da: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskvitch .
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