Christlicher Volkskalender 1.1842
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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
Victories Are Not Enough: Limitations of the German Way of War
VICTORIES ARE NOT ENOUGH: LIMITATIONS OF THE GERMAN WAY OF WAR Samuel J. Newland December 2005 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the United States Government, as defined in Title 17, United States Code, section 101. As such, it is in the public domain and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** My sincere thanks to the U.S. Army War College for approving and funding the research for this project. It has given me the opportunity to return to my favorite discipline, Modern German History, and at the same time, develop a monograph which has implications for today’s army and officer corps. In particular, I would like to thank the Dean of the U.S. Army War College, Dr. William Johnsen, for agreeing to this project; the Research Board of the Army War College for approving the funds for the TDY; and my old friend and colleague from the Militärgeschichliches Forschungsamt, Colonel (Dr.) Karl-Heinz Frieser, and some of his staff for their assistance. In addition, I must also thank a good former student of mine, Colonel Pat Cassidy, who during his student year spent a considerable amount of time finding original curricular material on German officer education and making it available to me. -
Otto Von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Retrato de Otto von Bismarck 1871. Canciller de Alemania 21 de marzo de 1871-20 de marzo de 1890 Monarca Guillermo I (1871-1888) Federico III (1888) Guillermo II (1888-1890) Predecesor Primer Titular Sucesor Leo von Caprivi Primer ministro de Prusia 23 de septiembre de 1862-1 de enero de 1873 Predecesor Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen Sucesor Albrecht von Roon 9 de noviembre de 1873-20 de marzo de 1890 Predecesor Albrecht von Roon Sucesor Leo von Caprivi Datos personales Nacimiento 1 de abril de 1815 Schönhausen, Prusia Fallecimiento 30 de julio de 1898 (83 años) Friedrichsruh, Alemania Partido sin etiquetar Cónyuge Johanna von Puttkamer Hijos Herbert von Bismarck y Wilhelm von Bismarck Ocupación político, diplomático y jurista Alma máter Universidad de Gotinga Religión luteranismo Firma de Otto von Bismarck [editar datos en Wikidata] Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Príncipe de Bismarck y Duque de Lauenburg (Schönhausen, 1 de abrilde 1815–Friedrichsruh, 30 de julio de 1898)1 conocido como Otto von Bismarck, fue un estadista, burócrata, militar, político yprosista alemán, considerado el fundador del Estado alemán moderno. Durante sus últimos años de vida se le apodó el «Canciller de Hierro» por su determinación y mano dura en la gestión de todo lo relacionado con su país,n. 1 que incluía la creación de un sistema de alianzas internacionales que aseguraran la supremacía de Alemania, conocido como el Reich.1 Cursó estudios de leyes y, a partir de 1835, trabajó en los tribunales -
M207 Publication Title: Papers of Hermann Von Boyen, Ca. 1787
Publication Number: M207 Publication Title: Papers of Hermann von Boyen, ca. 1787-1848 Date Published: 1952 PAPERS OF HERMANN VON BOYER, CA. 1787-1848 Introduction The records reproduced in this microfilm publication consist of papers of Herman von Boyen, an officer of the Prussian Army during the Napoleonic Wars, a leader of the military reform movement, and twice War Minister of Prussia. The paper binders and folders in which these documents are filed bear the imprint of the Heeresarchiv at Potsdam, which was the custodian of the collection. Some folders also bear the earlier label of the Geheimes Archiv des Kriegsminsteriums or of the Kriegs Archiv des Grossen Generalstabes; these institutions appear to have been the previous repositories for parts of the Reichsarchiv; in 1936, however, it was separated from the Reichsarchiv, and all military records and related materials in the legal custody of the latter were transferred to it. During the military operations in Germany in 1945 the documents reproduced in this microfilm publication came into the possession of the United States armed forces. In 1947 the War Department transferred them to the National Archives, where they constitute part of a body of records designated as Record Group 242, World War II Collection of Seized Enemy Records. Herman von Boyen was born at Kreuzberg, East Prussia, on June 23, 1771, and died at Berlin on February 15, 1848. He saw early service as a staff officer in Poland, 1794-96, and soon became widely known as a military writer. After the Peace of Tilsit he was made a member of the Commission for Military Reorganization, under the presidency of General von Scharnhorst, and was appointed to the Prussian Ministry of War. -
Germany from Luther to Bismarck
University of California at San Diego HIEU 132 GERMANY FROM LUTHER TO BISMARCK Fall quarter 2009 #658659 Class meets Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2 until 3:20 in Warren Lecture Hall 2111 Professor Deborah Hertz Humanities and Social Science Building 6024 534 5501 Readers of the papers and examinations: Ms Monique Wiesmueller, [email protected]. Office Hours: Wednesdays 1:30 to 3 and by appointment CONTACTING THE PROFESSOR Please do not contact me by e-mail, but instead speak to me before or after class or on the phone during my office hour. I check the mailbox inside of our web site regularly. In an emergency you may contact the assistant to the Judaic Studies Program, Ms. Dorothy Wagoner at [email protected]; 534 4551. CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE. Please do not eat in class, drinks are acceptable. Please note that you should have your laptops, cell phones, and any other devices turned off during class. Students do too much multi-tasking for 1 the instructor to monitor. Try the simple beauty of a notebook and a pen. If so many students did not shop during class, you could enjoy the privilege of taking notes on your laptops. Power point presentations in class are a gift to those who attend and will not be available on the class web site. Attendance is not taken in class. Come to learn and to discuss. Class texts: All of the texts have been ordered with Groundworks Books in the Old Student Center and have been placed on Library Reserve. We have a systematic problem that Triton Link does not list the Groundworks booklists, but privileges the Price Center Bookstore. -
Bildausgabe, Stabile Bildgröße Durch Zeilengenaue Tabelle
Abt. 150.020 Nachlass von Henhöfer, Aloys D. h. c. Priester (1789 - 1862) Bearbeitet von Pfarrer Walter Schnaiter mit Vorwort und Register Laufzeit: 1815 – 2006 Umfang: ca. 0,5 lfde. Meter März 2010 Archiv der Evang. Landeskirche in Baden Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort II 1.0. Biografie 1 2.0. Kirchengeschichte 1 3.0. Korrespondenz 1 3.1. Korrespondenz und Biografie 9 3.2. Korrespondenz und Predigten 10 4.0. Predigten 11 Bibelstellenindex 16 Ortsindex 16 Personenindex 17 Sachindex 19 I Vorwort Vorwort Der Bestand des Nachlasses von Aloys Henhöfer Beobachtungen im Nachlass Die Dokumente von und über Aloys Henhöfer beziehen sich auf eine Laufzeit von 1815 bis 2006 und haben einen Umfang von ungefähr 0,5 lfde. Meter. Zu den Archivalien von Aloys Henhöfer gehören verschiedene Sammlungen von Dokumenten, welche soweit es nachvollzogen werden kann, als un- terschiedliche Einheiten in das Landeskirchliche Archiv gelangt sind. Herkunft des Nachlasses Auskunft über die Herkunft des Nachlasses gibt der Schriftverkehr mit dem Landeskirchlichen Archiv und Bibliothek.1 Über die Ablieferungen (Nr. 10) und (Nr. 16) durch Pfarrer Werner Hauser gibt es keine Aufzeichnungen. Dokument (Nr. 10/6) und Verzeichnungseinheiten (Nr. 11) und (Nr. 17) stam- men aus der Sammlung Urban, auf welche sich ein Brief von Dekan i. R. G. Urban an die Bibliothek des Evang. Oberkirchenrates aus Bretten vom 14. März 1968 bezieht. Die Korrespondenz in Verzeich- nungseinheit (Nr. 18) erwähnt eine „Sammlung Spöck“. Die Landeskirchliche Bibliothek Karlsruhe hat im Jahr 1983 Kopien von 23 Predigten, die meisten über die altkirchlichen Evangelien aus den Jahren 1819, 1835, 1836, 1838, 1839, 1842 und 1845 mit Ergänzungen aus späterer Zeit, vor allem 1857, und zwei weitere Texte aus dem Evang. -
Waldeckische Bibliographie“ Im Juni 1998 Gedruckt Wurde (Zu Hochgrebe S
WALDECKISCHE BIBLIOGRAPHIE Bearbeitet von HEINRICH HOCHGREBE 1998 Für die Präsentation im Internet eingerichtet von Dr. Jürgen Römer, 2010. Für die Benutzung ist unbedingt die Vorbemerkung zur Internetpräsentation auf S. 3 zu beachten! 1 EINLEITUNG: Eine Gesamtübersicht über das Schrifttum zu Waldeck und Pyrmont fehlt bisher. Über jährliche Übersichten der veröffentlichten Beiträge verfügen der Waldeckische Landeskalender und die hei- matkundliche Beilage zur WLZ, "Mein Waldeck". Zu den in den Geschichtsblättern für Waldeck u. Pyrmont veröffentlichten Beiträgen sind Übersichten von HERWIG (Gbll Waldeck 28, 1930, S. 118), BAUM (Gbll Waldeck 50, 1958, S. 154) und HOCHGREBE (Gbll Waldeck 76, 1988, S. 137) veröffentlicht worden. NEBELSIECK brachte ein Literaturver-zeichnis zur waldeckischen Kir- chengeschichte (Gbll Waldeck 38, 1938, S. 191). Bei Auswahl der Titel wurden die Grenzgebiete Westfalen, Hessen, Itter, Frankenberg und Fritzlar ebenso berücksichtigt wie die frühen geschichtlichen Beziehungen zu den Bistümern Köln, Mainz, Paderborn sowie der Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel. Es war mir wohl bewußt, daß es schwierig ist, hier die richtige Grenze zu finden. Es werden auch Titel von waldeckischen Autoren angezeigt, die keinen Bezug auf Waldeck haben. Die Vornamen der Autoren sind ausgeschrieben, soweit diese sicher feststellbar waren, was jedoch bei älteren Veröffentlichungen nicht immer möglich war. Berücksichtigung fanden Titel aus periodisch erscheinenden Organen, wichtige Artikel aus der Ta- gespresse und selbständige Veröffentlichungen in Buch- oder Broschürenform. Für die Bearbeitung der Lokalgeschichte sind hier zahlreiche Quellen aufgezeigt. Bei Überschneidung, bzw. wenn keine klare Scheidung möglich war, sind die Titel u. U. mehrfach, d. h. unter verschiedenen Sachgebieten aufgeführt. Anmerkungen in [ ] sind vom Bearbeiter einge- fügt worden. Verständlicherweise kann eine solche Zusammenstellung keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit er- heben, sie hätte aber auch außerhalb meiner Möglichkeiten gelegen, was besonders für das ältere Schrifttum zutrifft. -
Pietismus Und Die Revolution 1848/49 Evangelikale in England Und in Baden
Nicholas M. Railton Pietismus und die Revolution 1848/49 Evangelikale in England und in Baden Der badische Pfarrer Jakob Theodor Plitt (1815–1886) Sonderveröffentlichungen des Vereins für Kirchengeschichte in der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden Herausgegeben vom Vorstand des Vereins für Kirchengeschichte in der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden Band 8 Heidelberg – Ubstadt-Weiher – Neustadt a.d.W. – Basel Nicholas M. Railton Pietismus und die Revolution 1848/49 Evangelikale in England und in Baden Der badische Pfarrer Jakob Theodor Plitt (1815–1886) (mit englischer Version von Vorwort und Einführung) Herausgegeben von Gerhard Schwinge verlag regionalkultur Dr. Nicholas M. Railton, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, Faculty of Arts, Lecturer in German. 1981: MA Dundee University, 1986: Ph.D. Dundee University. – Railton arbeitete mehrere Jahre in Deutschland und hat sich auf neuere und neueste deutsche Kirchengeschich- te spezialisiert; sein besonderes Interesse gilt den Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Großbritannien und Irland. Herausgeberschaft, Lektorat und alle Beigaben: Dr. Gerhard Schwinge, Pfarrer a. D., Kirchenbibliotheks- direktor i. R. und Geschäftsführer des Vereins für Kirchen- geschichte 1989–1998 Umschlag: Jakob Theodor Plitt (Abb. 1) / Rastatter Aufstand 1849 (Abb. 28) / K. Mann, Th. Plitt: Der evangelische Bund, 1847 (Abb. 4) Herstellung: verlag regionalkultur (vr) Satz: Harald Funke (vr) Umschlaggestaltung: Jochen Baumgärtner (vr) Endkorrektur: Gerhard Schwinge, Durmersheim ISBN 978-3-89735-730-3 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Diese Publikation ist auf alterungsbeständigem und säurefreiem Papier (TCF nach ISO 9706) gedruckt entsprechend den Frankfurter Forderungen. © 2012. Alle Rechte vorbehalten verlag regionalkultur Heidelberg – Ubstadt-Weiher – Weil am Rhein – Basel Korrespondenzadresse: Bahnhofstr. -
Modern German History
THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF MODERN GERMAN HISTORY Edited by HELMUT W ALSER SMITH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PART III GERMANY: THE NATION STATE sALfiC sE:A NORTH sf.A RUSSIA Kingdom of Prussia Annexed by Prussia in 1866 Joined the North German Confederation, 1 Joined the German Empire, 1871 Annexed by Germany, 1871 0 100 200 FRANCE Mi! es AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Map 2 Creation of the German Empire Source: James Retallack (ed.), Short Oxford History of Germany: Imperial Germany 1871-1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 313. CHAPTER 13 NATION STATE, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, AND CULTURE WAR, 1850-1878 SIEGFRIED WEICHLEIN RITUALs combine past and present. At least this is the intention of their protagonists. During the nineteenth century, this was particularly true for monarchs whose rule had always been symbolically charged. The French king of the restoration, Charles X, had himself crowned like a medieval monarch in the Cathedral of Reims on 31 May 1825. This event was followed by a ceremony of healing the sick in the tradition of the 'rais thaumaturges,' with Charles X speaking the traditional formula used to eure those · suffering from scrofula: 'Le rai te tauche, Dieu te guerisse' ('the king touches you, may the Lord heal you'). 1 Charles X possessed, however, as much faith in modern science as in divine assistance, as three ofhis personal physicians were present at the ceremony to look after the siele. On 18 October 1861, King Wilhelm I of Prussia, who had a monarchic family history of a mere 160 years, similarly employed symbols to empha size his royal status. -
Christa Jungnickel Russell Mccormmach on the History
Archimedes 48 New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Christa Jungnickel Russell McCormmach The Second Physicist On the History of Theoretical Physics in Germany The Second Physicist Archimedes NEW STUDIES IN THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 48 EDITOR JED Z. BUCHWALD, Dreyfuss Professor of History, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA. ASSOCIATE EDITORS FOR MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES JEREMY GRAY, The Faculty of Mathematics and Computing, The Open University, UK. TILMAN SAUER, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany ASSOCIATE EDITORS FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SHARON KINGSLAND, Department of History of Science and Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. MANFRED LAUBICHLER, Arizona State University, USA ADVISORY BOARD FOR MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY HENK BOS, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MORDECHAI FEINGOLD, California Institute of Technology, USA ALLAN D. FRANKLIN, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA KOSTAS GAVROGLU, National Technical University of Athens, Greece PAUL HOYNINGEN-HUENE, Leibniz University in Hannover, Germany TREVOR LEVERE, University of Toronto, Canada JESPER LU¨ TZEN, Copenhagen University, Denmark WILLIAM NEWMAN, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA LAWRENCE PRINCIPE, The Johns Hopkins University, USA JU¨ RGEN RENN, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany ALEX ROLAND, Duke University, USA ALAN SHAPIRO, University of Minnesota, USA NOEL SWERDLOW, California Institute of Technology, USA -
Victories Are Not Enough: Limitations of the German Way of War
VICTORIES ARE NOT ENOUGH: LIMITATIONS OF THE GERMAN WAY OF WAR Samuel J. Newland December 2005 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the United States Government, as defined in Title 17, United States Code, section 101. As such, it is in the public domain and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** My sincere thanks to the U.S. Army War College for approving and funding the research for this project. It has given me the opportunity to return to my favorite discipline, Modern German History, and at the same time, develop a monograph which has implications for today’s army and officer corps. In particular, I would like to thank the Dean of the U.S. Army War College, Dr. William Johnsen, for agreeing to this project; the Research Board of the Army War College for approving the funds for the TDY; and my old friend and colleague from the Militärgeschichliches Forschungsamt, Colonel (Dr.) Karl-Heinz Frieser, and some of his staff for their assistance. In addition, I must also thank a good former student of mine, Colonel Pat Cassidy, who during his student year spent a considerable amount of time finding original curricular material on German officer education and making it available to me. -
German Unification German Unification Took a Different Course
German Unification German unification took a different course from Italian unification even though—because of the time proximity of the movements—the two are generally considered similar. In Italy, although the most radical movements lost out in the struggle for unification and the country was not united as a republic, unification represented a victory for liberals. The Kingdom of Italy had a constitution based on the French Constitution of 1830 but it quickly evolved into a constitution in which the legislature had considerable powers with respect to the executive. The Italian parliamentary system had flaws but by the twentieth century was roughly comparable to the British or the French parliaments of the same period. The German Parliament, however, was inferior to the executive power (the Emperor) and in the twentieth century lost several battles to become stronger—a direct consequence of how Germany was unified. Another important contrast was that Germany was unified primarily by war. War played a part in Italian unification, but diplomacy had a greater role. Another major difference was that, although Italy had been unified by Piedmont, within 16 years that region ceased to dominate the country. In contrast, Prussia, the state that unified Germany, remained supreme in that country at least until 1918 but really until 1933, when Hitler came to power. Prussia’s domination of the country, again, a consequence of how Germany was unified, played a crucial role in later European and world affairs. The Lessons of 1848 Many German patriots drew two important lessons from the revolutions of 1848. The “Big German” solution of incorporating Austria into a united Germany was dropped as being impossible (this was shown by the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament).