Germany from Luther to Bismarck
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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
My German-Jewish Legacy and Theirs Anthony Heilbut
My German-Jewish Legacy and Theirs Anthony Heilbut This German-Jewish legacy, how German is it? and how Jewish? Moreover, what kind of Germans? what sort of Jews? Who inherits this legacy, a Joseph or a Judah? What legacy do our Joseph and Judah select? Surely not the same one. It's typically German, typically Jew- ish, typically German-Jewish to stress the uniqueness of one's group, attended by an inexorable ambivalence, another specialty of the three groups in question. A perfectly straightforward issue is posed, and immediately my tone seems captious. I have two explanations: a general one-I'm upset by any form of cultural nationalism-and one more immediate: A few months ago, I spoke with a young German. He was both effusive in his praise of German Jewry and obsequious in his apology for crimes committed years before his birth. (In Germany, wallowing in guilt and self-pity seems as timeless as bad taste.) Finally he revealed his agenda: "Let's face it," he said. "Germans are the best people, and Jews make the best Germans." Aha, I thought, there you go. We're either the best or not good enough. Much about the German-Jewish legacy eludes facile generalization, starting with the question of Germanness. Consider my family's com- plicated roots. The son of a Hamburg father and a London mother, my father was born in Amsterdam. Maritime links between his parents' cities helped make the Hamburgers spirited Anglophiles. For Ham- burg Jews as well, British connections added a whiff of cosmopolitan style, particularly during the nineteenth century when German--or German-Jewish-identity was newly formed and tentative. -
Femininity and Dress in fic- Tion by German Women Writers, 1840-1910
ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Scripts, skirts, and stays: femininity and dress in fic- tion by German women writers, 1840-1910 https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40147/ Version: Full Version Citation: Nevin, Elodie (2015) Scripts, skirts, and stays: femininity and dress in fiction by German women writers, 1840-1910. [Thesis] (Unpub- lished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Scripts, Skirts, and Stays: Femininity and Dress in Fiction by German Women Writers, 1840-1910 Elodie Nevin Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in German 2015 Department of European Cultures and Languages Birkbeck, University of London Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood the regulations for students of Birkbeck, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: Date: 12/08/2015 2 Abstract This thesis examines the importance of sartorial detail in fiction by German women writers of the nineteenth century. Using a methodology based on Judith Butler’s gender theory, it examines how femininity is perceived and presented and argues that clothes are essential to female characterisation and both the perpetuation and breakdown of gender stereotypes. -
University Microfilms
INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and ’ continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Victories Are Not Enough: Limitations of the German Way of War
VICTORIES ARE NOT ENOUGH: LIMITATIONS OF THE GERMAN WAY OF WAR Samuel J. Newland December 2005 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the United States Government, as defined in Title 17, United States Code, section 101. As such, it is in the public domain and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** My sincere thanks to the U.S. Army War College for approving and funding the research for this project. It has given me the opportunity to return to my favorite discipline, Modern German History, and at the same time, develop a monograph which has implications for today’s army and officer corps. In particular, I would like to thank the Dean of the U.S. Army War College, Dr. William Johnsen, for agreeing to this project; the Research Board of the Army War College for approving the funds for the TDY; and my old friend and colleague from the Militärgeschichliches Forschungsamt, Colonel (Dr.) Karl-Heinz Frieser, and some of his staff for their assistance. In addition, I must also thank a good former student of mine, Colonel Pat Cassidy, who during his student year spent a considerable amount of time finding original curricular material on German officer education and making it available to me. -
Franz Mehring
KARL MARX THE STORY OF HIS LIFE - BY Franz Mehring .. wrTH ILLUSTRATIONS AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS, NOTES BY THE AUTHOR, AN APPENDIX PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF EDUARD FUCHS ON THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCHES OF THE MARX•I!.NGELS INSTITUTE, A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AN INDEX TRANSLATED BY EDWARD FITZGERALD LONDON GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD 40 MUSEUM STREET THIS BOOK IS THE AUTHORISED ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE GERMAN VOLUME : ' KARL MARX : GESCHICHTE SEINES LEBENS ', BY FRANZ MEHRING ENGLISH EDITION FIRST PUBLISHED 1936 SECOND IMPRESSION 1948 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., FROME AND LONDON TO CLARA ZETKIN TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE THE author of this biography was born in 1846 in Pomerania of a well-to-do middle-class family. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, taking the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the latter. From the beginning his leanings were democratic and liberal, and when the time came for him to submit himself to the stupidities of the Prussian drill sergeant he left Prussia and went to live in Leipzig, which in those days was " foreign territory ". This deliberate revolt caused the breaking off of relations between him and his family. Whilst still a young man he began to take an active part in public life and in the political struggles of the day. At the age of 25 he was a member of the 1 small band of democrats led by Guido Weiss and Johann Jacoby which had sufficient courage to protest openly against the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Bismarck after the Franco Prussian War. -
Otto Von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Retrato de Otto von Bismarck 1871. Canciller de Alemania 21 de marzo de 1871-20 de marzo de 1890 Monarca Guillermo I (1871-1888) Federico III (1888) Guillermo II (1888-1890) Predecesor Primer Titular Sucesor Leo von Caprivi Primer ministro de Prusia 23 de septiembre de 1862-1 de enero de 1873 Predecesor Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen Sucesor Albrecht von Roon 9 de noviembre de 1873-20 de marzo de 1890 Predecesor Albrecht von Roon Sucesor Leo von Caprivi Datos personales Nacimiento 1 de abril de 1815 Schönhausen, Prusia Fallecimiento 30 de julio de 1898 (83 años) Friedrichsruh, Alemania Partido sin etiquetar Cónyuge Johanna von Puttkamer Hijos Herbert von Bismarck y Wilhelm von Bismarck Ocupación político, diplomático y jurista Alma máter Universidad de Gotinga Religión luteranismo Firma de Otto von Bismarck [editar datos en Wikidata] Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Príncipe de Bismarck y Duque de Lauenburg (Schönhausen, 1 de abrilde 1815–Friedrichsruh, 30 de julio de 1898)1 conocido como Otto von Bismarck, fue un estadista, burócrata, militar, político yprosista alemán, considerado el fundador del Estado alemán moderno. Durante sus últimos años de vida se le apodó el «Canciller de Hierro» por su determinación y mano dura en la gestión de todo lo relacionado con su país,n. 1 que incluía la creación de un sistema de alianzas internacionales que aseguraran la supremacía de Alemania, conocido como el Reich.1 Cursó estudios de leyes y, a partir de 1835, trabajó en los tribunales -
Confraternitas : the Newsletter of the Society for Confraternity Studies
Hartmut von Cronberg's Statutes of the Heavenly Confraternity. A Perspective from the Early Reformation VICTOR D. THIESSEN In his 1 520 Open Letter to the Christian Nobility ofthe German Nation, Martin Luther called upon secular authorities to reform a number of ecclesiastical institutions and implied that some institutions could be abolished outright. Bruderschaften (confrater- nities) were included in this list. In a brief comment Luther observed that confrater- nities distributed indulgences, masses, and good works, elements of contemporary religious practice for which he had little use. Luther allowed that confraternities that truly served the poor and needy should be maintained, but he believed that such confraternities were no longer to be found. Instead, he believed that by and large confraternities no longer served the common good, and merely sponsored banquets and heavy drinking. Playing with the word Bruderschaft, Luther emphasized the aspect of "fellowship," claiming that all baptized members of the church had fellowship with Christ, the angels and saints in heaven, and all believers on earth; thus, the confraternity of the church was the only necessary fellowship that a true Christian needed. In his 1520 open letter An den christilichen Adel deutscher Nation, Luther wrote: "I am speaking also of brotherhoods in which indulgences, masses, and good works are apportioned. My dear friend, in your baptism you have entered into a brotherhood with Christ, with all the angels, with the saints, and with all Christians on earth. Hold fast to them and live up to their demands for you have enough brotherhoods. Let the others glitter as they will. -
(1814/15–1890) 2. Literatur 1830–1848 2.1
PD Dr. Michael Ansel: Ringvorlesung „Einführung in die Geschichte der deutschen Literatur“: Vormärz und Realismus (WiSe 2013/14) Seite 1 Übersicht 1. Historische Rahmendaten (1814/15–1890) 2. Literatur 1830–1848 2.1. Problematik des Epochenbegriffs 2.1.1. Vormärz 2.1.2. Biedermeier 2.1.3. Literatur der Restaurationsepoche 2.2. Literarisches Leben 2.3. Summarische Epochencharakteristik 2.4. Wichtige Werke 2.4.1. Lyrik 2.4.2. Prosa 2.4.3. Drama 3. Literatur 1850–1890 3.1. Epochenbegriff 3.1.1. Binnendifferenzierung der Epoche 3.2. Literarisches Leben 3.3. Summarische Epochencharakteristik 3.4. Fontane als epochentypischer Autor 3.5. Wichtige Werke 3.5.1. Lyrik 3.5.2. Prosa 3.5.3. Drama 4. Forschungsliteratur 4.1. Einführende Literatur zum Vormärz/Biedermeier 4.2. Einführende Literatur zum Realismus 4.3. Literatur zur Epochenproblematik 4.4. Quellensammlungen zum Vormärz/Biedermeier und Realismus 1. Historische Rahmendaten 1814/15 Wiener Kongress, Gründung des Deutschen Bundes 1817 Wartburgfest 1818/20 Verfassungen in Bayern, Baden, Württemberg, Hessen-Darmstadt 1819 Karlsbader Beschlüsse: Demagogenverfolgungen und Einführung der Vorzensur 1830/31 Julirevolution/Verfassungen in Sachsen, Hannover, Braunschweig, Hessen-Kassel 1832 Hambacher Fest 1834 Deutscher Zollverein 1848/49 Märzrevolution/Nationalversammlung/Oktroyierte Verfassung in Preußen 1864 Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg PD Dr. Michael Ansel: Ringvorlesung „Einführung in die Geschichte der deutschen Literatur“: Vormärz und Realismus (WiSe 2013/14) Seite 2 1866 Norddeutscher Bund 1871 Gründung des Deutschen Reichs 1890 Entlassung Bismarcks 2. Literatur 1830–1850 2.1. Problematik des Epochenbegriffs Es gibt keine unumstrittene Benennung der Literatur dieses Zeitraums, als konkurrierende Begriffe werden Vormärz (2.1.1.), Biedermeier (2.1.2.) und Literatur der Restaurationsepoche (2.1.3.) ver- wendet 2.1.1. -
Die Deutschen Literaturepochen
Epochen der deutschen Literatur (1) Epoche Geschichte Vertreter / Werke Zeitgeist Inhalt / Stil Aufklärung Friedrich der stark geprägt von Immanuel Kant, von zwei Richtun- nüchtern, trocken; 1730 - 1800 Große; Leibniz, John Locke, Voltaire; gen beeinflusst: Lehrdichtung, Fabeln, Französische G.E.Lessing: Der Besitzer des Bogens, engl. Empirismus Bildungsromane; Heldentum Revolution; Emilia Galotti, Nathan der Weise; und französischer wird relativiert; mehr Witz; Unabhängigskeits- Christoph Martin Wieland; Friedrich Rationalismus; Ziel: Kunst wird menschlicher, erklärung der USA Gottlieb Klopstock u.v.a.m. Vernunft u.Tugend zugänglicher, anspruchsloser Sturm und Drang parallel zur Johann Wolfgang Goethe: viele Kulturpessimismus, pathetisch, formlos; 1765 - 1785 Aufklärung; Gedichte, Die Leiden des jungen Naturliebe; Erlebnislyrik, Ballade, Ode, stark verschmolzen Werthers; Friedrich Schiller: Die faustisches Hymne, Drama; kraftvoll- mit der Räuber, Kabale und Liebe, An die Lebensgefühl; genialisch, schwärmerisch, Empfindsamkeit Freude; Karl Philipp Moritz; Gottfried Genie, Freiheit, freiheitlich-revolutionär; (s. Aufklärung) August Bürger: Münchhausen; J.M.R. Individualismus wieder Spontaneität des Lenz; Heinrich Voss produzierenden Künstlers Weimarer Napoleon I.; preuß. Schiller (1759-1805): Maria Stuart Streben nach dem edel, ausgewogen; Lied, Klassik Reformen; Wiener (1800), Wilhelm Tell (1804); Goethe Ideal der Ballade, Gedankenlyrik, 1786 - 1832 Kongress (1749-1832): Faust I (1808), Faust II Vollendung, Drama; an antiker Form (1832) -
Spurensuche Bauernkriegsschlacht 4. Juni 1525 Ingolstadt / Sulzdorf
BAUERNKRIEGSSCHLACHT VOM 4. JUNI 1525 - Spuren und Spurenlesen Ingolstadt / Sulzdorf - Traum-a-land www.traumaland.de BAUERNKRIEGSSCHLACHT 4. JUNI 1525 BAUERNKRIEGSSCHLACHT VOM 4. JUNI 1525 - Spuren und Spurenlesen Ingolstadt / Sulzdorf - Die Spurensuche der Bauernkriegsschlacht vom 4. Juni 1525 zwischen Ingolstadt / Sulzdorf (in Unterfranken) ist keine einfache. Die flach-wellige, teilweise schwach geneigte Ackerbaulandschaft ergibt keine besondere Raumstelle, die schon von der Raumbeschaffenheit des Geländes für einen Ort des bäuerlichen Widerstandes gegen ein militärisch-taktisch geführtes Heer geeignet ist. Wo der Ort des Aufbaus der Wagenburg war, ist noch offen, genauso die Gründe für das Verlassen der bäuerlichen Wagenburg. Wir dokumentieren gefundene Spuren, bleiben aber bei der Interpretation des Geschehens vom 4. Juni noch in den konventionellen Schlussfolgerungen, haben noch keine neue Sichtweise der Schlacht – falls es sie überhaupt gibt – erreicht. © Traum-a-land Copyright: Alle unsere Webseiten können kostenfrei gelesen und ausgedruckt werden. Ausge- druckte Textteile können in der üblichen Form unter Angabe der Quelle frei zitiert wer- den. Alle erfolgten Ausdrucke unterliegen dem Schutz des Urheberrechtes. Ihre Ver- vielfältigung und Weiterbearbeitung bedarf der schriftlichen Zustimmung. Traum-a-land [email protected] www.traumaland.de www.traum-a-land.de Textredaktion: Jürgen Wohlfarth Spurensuche: Albert Herrenknecht, Hermann Schäffner, Jürgen Wohlfarth © Traum-a-Land 2009 2 BAUERNKRIEGSSCHLACHT 4. JUNI 1525 Ingolstadt (Markt Giebelstadt, Landkreis Würzburg, Bayern; z. Zt. des Bauernkrieges zum Amt Giebelstadt gehörig, Herrschaft der Geyer und Zobel von Giebelstadt) Routen: * Ingolstadt - Sulzdorf (2 km) Auf halber Strecke liegt links im Tälchen des von Giebelstadt herkommenden Langenwiesenbaches die Kauzenmühle als Standort der Schlacht von Ingolstadt. Es ist ein flachwelliges Gelände. -
Kotzebue Und Die Kolonien
Kotzebue und die Kolonien Konfigurationen des Fremden und Exotischen in der deutschen Unterhaltungsdramatik um 1800 am Beispiel von August von Kotzebue Dissertation zur Erlangung der Wu rde einer Doktorin der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakulta t der Universita t Basel von Martina Klemm von Basel Basel 2014 Buchbinderei Bommer GmbH Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch 1 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel, auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Alexander Honold und Prof. Dr. Nicola Gess. Basel, den 11. Dezember 2013 Die Dekanin Prof. Dr. Barbara Schellewald 2 „What a charming amusement for young people this is, Mr. Darcy!–There is nothing like dancing after all.–I consider it as one of the first refinements of polished societies.“ „Certainly, Sir;–and it has the advantage also of being in vogue amongst the less polished societies of the world.–Every savage can dance.“ Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 3 Danksagung Diese Arbeit wurde am 11. Dezember 2013 von der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel als Promotionsschrift angenommen. Die Referenten waren Prof. Dr. Alexander Honold und Prof. Dr. Nicola Gess. Finanzielle Unterstützung erhielt das Dissertationsprojekt von der Freiwilligen Akademischen Gesellschaft in Basel, vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds und vom Forschungsfonds der Universität Basel. Ihnen allen sei herzlich gedankt. Meinem Betreuer, Alexander Honold, und meinen Kommilitoninnen und Kommilitonen danke ich für den fachlichen und kollegialen Austausch. Meinen Eltern, die mir immer den Rücken frei gehalten und mich bestärkt haben, danke ich ganz herzlich für die kontinuierliche Unterstützung während meiner Ausbildung bis zur Fertigstellung der Dissertation. Schliesslich danke ich meinen Freundinnen und Freunden sowie meinem Lebensgefährten für die geduldige, tatkräftige und krisenfeste Begleitung durch die Höhen und Tiefen meiner Doktorandenzeit.