DOCSLIB.ORG

Blender, Unity ● Motion Tracking ○ How Tracking Works ○ Position Tracking ○ Tracking Systems ○ Motion Tracking in Blender ● Conclusions ● Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Blender, Unity ● Motion Tracking ○ How Tracking Works ○ Position Tracking ○ Tracking Systems ○ Motion Tracking in Blender ● Conclusions ● Bibliography Introduction to mixed realities Course 03 Content ● Recapitulation Course 2 ○ 3D Modeling, Blender, Unity ● Motion Tracking ○ How tracking works ○ Position Tracking ○ Tracking Systems ○ Motion Tracking in Blender ● Conclusions ● Bibliography 2 R - Basic Elements ● 3D Modelling - Polygon Modeling - Basic elements, Shaders, Textures, UV Mapping, Rigging 3 R - Basic Elements ● Blender ○ Scene Collection ○ Add ○ Shading 4 Interface to the Virtual World Input VR systems require not just a means for the user to tell the system what they want but a means to track at least some part of their body User monitoring includes the continuous tracking of both user movements and user-initiated actions, such as pressing a button or issuing a voice command to the system Continuous tracking of the user's movements is what allows the system to render and display the virtual world from a user-centric perspective-providing the effect of physical immersion 5 User Monitoring in VR/AR In user monitoring there are active ways the user inputs information into the system; these can include the use of spoken commands, physical controls like wands, joysticks, steering wheels, dashboards, and keyboards, props, and platforms In user monitoring, there are also passive ways in which information is supplied to the computer. Passive methods tell the computer how and where the participant is moving and where they are looking. These methods include tracking of the body (including hands, eyes, and feet) and position tracking that tells the computer the participant's location and orientation 6 Motion Tracking Tracking or motion tracking can be defined as the process aiming to capture, follow, and get information about an object’s orientation and position, to be transferred to an application for further processing This kind of tracking is used in VR to control the position of the user, joysticks and other important objects, whereas Augmented reality is used to track the object or market to be augmented and control the user’s position and orientation 7 Motion Tracking - History Muybridge in 1878 used photographic techniques to quantify patterns of human movement Motion tracking has been present in our lives since the 1970s, when they were used for the first time as a photogrammetric analysis tool in researches related to biomechanics 8 Position Tracking in VR Being in a virtual reality simulation is like entering another world, but true immersion comes when you are able to move within this world Degrees of Freedom also known as DoF, which usually comes in 3DoF and 6DoF flavors 9 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) DoF refers to the movement of a rigid body inside space. It could be explained as “different basic ways in which an object can move” All objects around you that can move in 3D space move in 6 ways: 3 directional axes and 3 rotational axes. Each of these axes is a DoF. We live in a 3D world and interact it in all 6 DoF 10 DoF - Movements Translation Movement - A body is free to translate in 3 degrees of freedom: forward/back, up/down, left/right Rotation Movement - A body can also rotate with 3 degrees of freedom: pitch, yaw, and roll 11 DoF - Examples Elevator is constrained to 1 DOF (a vertical translation), but inside this DOF it can freely move up or down Ferris wheel is constrained to 1 DOF (a rotational DOF), where it can roll one way or the opposite way A bumper car has 3 DOF in total: it can translate in only 2 of the 3 axis (it cannot move up and down like an elevator), and it can rotate in only one way (it cannot change its pitch or roll like an airplane). So 2 translations + 1 rotation makes 3 DOF 12 3 DoF in VR In VR, DoF is used to describe axes that are being tracked. Tracking comes from the ability to monitor a change of angle or distance on the axes by using hardware This exists in mobile and standalone VR headsets like the new Oculus Go. If you turn your head while wearing a headset, it is able to track the angle change of this axes and allows you to look around in the environment 13 Mobile VR Headsets Oculus Go, Samsung Gear VR, and Google Daydream View only have rotational tracking (3DoF) You are able to look up or down, to either side or tilt your head. But if you try to lean or actually move your head’s position, this is not tracked. The entire virtual world will move with you 14 IMUs and DOF An Inertial Measurement Unit (also called an IMU or sometimes ‘tracker’), is an electronic device that measures and reports velocity, orientation, and gravitational forces, using a combination of sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers) IMUs in the past was used as aircraft instrumentation, but nowadays they are used in all sorts of devices, including mobile phones 15 What is Positional Tracking and Why is It So Important for VR? Positional tracking is a mix of hardware and software which is able to detect the absolute position of an object In VR, in combination with orientation tracking it becomes possible to measure and report all the 6 DOF of real-life The Oculus Rift provides 3 DOF (rotational) head-tracking which is not positional. But, you won’t be able to lean down to inspect objects on the floor or lean around corners because there’s no way to tell exactly where you head is 16 Parallax Positional tracking can also help improve the 3D perception of the virtual environment thanks to an effect known as ‘parallax’ Parallax is the way that objects that are closer to our eyes move faster than objects far from our eyes. This effect helps our brains to perceive distance in conjunction with stereoscopy (the difference between what our left and right eyes see) Johnny Lee uses the wiimote to shows how parallax helps us to perceive 3D https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3-eiid-Uw 17 How do common virtual reality tracking systems work? Tracking systems typically consist of a device capable of creating a signal and a sensor capable of reading it These can take on various forms including optical, electromagnetic and acoustic signals, mechanical and inertial systems 18 Tracking Systems In optical systems emitted light is captured by cameras in various formats Electromagnetic tracking can be used where small electrified coils affect other electromagnetic sensors, and how their magnetic field affects others can position them in space Acoustic systems use ultrasonic sound waves to identify the position and orientation of target objects Mechanical tracking can use articulated arms/limbs/joysticks/sensors connected to headsets or inside them, much like the inertial tracking in phones often made possible by accelerometers and gyroscopes 19 VR Tracking with Optics This method usually use cameras of one sort or another connected to a computer Usually, the person being tracked has optical markers (dots of highly reflective material) on certain known points of their body or on the equipment such as the HMD or handheld controllers When a camera installation capable of calculating depth sees a marker it can map it to 3D space. For example, two cameras at known angles that both see the same dot allow for this mathematical calculation 20 Passive and Active Markers Reflective markers are known as passive markers as they reflect light Active marker are computer controlled LEDs that allow for more accuracy and various workarounds for the weaknesses of passive marker methods. LEDs may be different colors or flash rapidly in sync with the capture system Active marker systems perform better than passive ones, but the user has to wear a power supply or be tethered to the system somehow, which is clearly an encumbrance 21 Markerless Optical Systems The principle of these markerless option is to avoid the use of extra elements in the detection of the object in motion, by means of an analysis based on image capture, segmentation and processing to extract the position of the object to be tracked It is common to use techniques based on the background subtraction and multiple learning algorithms 22 Electromagnetic Systems for Tracking These systems are based on electromagnetism theories, which describe the interaction between magnetic fields and electricity The electromagnetic tracking system can calculate accurately and in real time the object position and orientation in the environment 23 Virtual Reality Glove as EMMT Some modern version of the virtual reality glove and other haptic products also double as direct electro-mechanical motion trackers When you flex your fingers sensors in the glove are activated and convert that movement into electrical signals for motion tracking (see GloveOne and the Salto) 24 Acoustic Tracking An acoustic tracking system is copied from the nature systems of positioning and orientation. Bats or dolphins navigate in space using ultrasound. Acoustic tracking measures the time during which a particular acoustic signal reaches the receiver There are two ways to determine the position of the object: to measure time-of-flight of the sound wave from the transmitter to the receivers or the phase coherence of the sinusoidal sound wave by receiving the transfer 25 Mechanical Systems for Tracking They are based on the direct measurement of the object’s orientation with electromechanical potentiometers These systems have no external forces or occlusion problems, so results effective in some cases because any of them cannot affect the measurement of the object’s orientation. In addition to this, their operation is quick, and they are portable 26 Myo Armband for Tracking The Myo interprets electrical impulses from the muscles in the forearm allowing for gesture-based controls of computer software 27 Leap Motion as Tracking System The Leap Motion is another example of a marker-free tracking system, but rather than full body tracking the Leap Motion creates high-resolution real-time scans of objects in close proximity to it In virtual reality contexts, the device can be attached to the front of an HMD and provide precisely digitized versions of the user’s hands, which then allows for natural interaction 28 Inertial Tracking Devices Inertial tracking devices are based on accelerometers and gyroscopes The inertial sensor is placed in the object to be tracked to measure its orientation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluating Performance Benefits of Head Tracking in Modern Video
    Evaluating Performance Benefits of Head Tracking in Modern Video Games Arun Kulshreshth Joseph J. LaViola Jr. Department of EECS Department of EECS University of Central Florida University of Central Florida 4000 Central Florida Blvd 4000 Central Florida Blvd Orlando, FL 32816, USA Orlando, FL 32816, USA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT PlayStation Move, TrackIR 5) that support 3D spatial in- teraction have been implemented and made available to con- We present a study that investigates user performance ben- sumers. Head tracking is one example of an interaction tech- efits of using head tracking in modern video games. We nique, commonly used in the virtual and augmented reality explored four di↵erent carefully chosen commercial games communities [2, 7, 9], that has potential to be a useful ap- with tasks which can potentially benefit from head tracking. proach for controlling certain gaming tasks. Recent work on For each game, quantitative and qualitative measures were head tracking and video games has shown some potential taken to determine if users performed better and learned for this type of gaming interface. For example, Sko et al. faster in the experimental group (with head tracking) than [10] proposed a taxonomy of head gestures for first person in the control group (without head tracking). A game ex- shooter (FPS) games and showed that some of their tech- pertise pre-questionnaire was used to classify participants niques (peering, zooming, iron-sighting and spinning) are into casual and expert categories to analyze a possible im- useful in games. In addition, previous studies [13, 14] have pact on performance di↵erences.
    [Show full text]
  • Motion Tracking in Field Sports Using GPS And
    Motion tracking in field sports using GPS and IMU M. Roobeek Master of Science Thesis Delft Center for Systems and Control Motion tracking in field sports using GPS and IMU Master of Science Thesis For the degree of Master of Science in Systems & Control at Delft University of Technology M. Roobeek February 16, 2017 Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) · Delft University of Technology The work in this thesis was conducted on behalf of, and carried out in cooperation with JOHAN Sports. Their cooperation is hereby gratefully acknowledged. Copyright c Delft Center for Systems and Control (DCSC) All rights reserved. Abstract Injuries are a sportsman’s worst nightmare: They withhold players from playing, they weaken teams and they force clubs to buy a bench-full of substitutes. On top of that, injuries can cause an awful lot of pain. Regulating match and training intensity can drastically decrease the risk of getting injured. Furthermore, it can optimally prepare players for matchday. To enable player load regulation, accurate measurements of player positions, velocities and especially accelerations are required. To measure these quantities, JOHAN Sports develops a sports player motion tracking system. The device that is used for motion tracking contains a 9-DoF MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a GPS receiver. These low-cost MEMS sensors are combined via sensor fusion. The challenge in this filtering problem lies in the limited and low-quality sensor measurements combined with the high-dynamic player motion consisting of rapid orientation changes and sensed impacts in every step. Being able to overcome these challenges paves the way for injury prevention, saving sports clubs, teams and players a lot of misery.
    [Show full text]
  • Augmented and Virtual Reality in Operations
    Augmented and Virtual Reality in Operations A guide for investment Introduction Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) are not new, but recent advances in computational power, storage, graphics processing, and high-resolution displays have helped overcome some of the constraints that have stood in the way of the widespread use of these immersive technologies. Global spending on AR/VR is now expected to reach $17.8 billion in 2018, an increase of nearly 95% over the $9.1 billion estimate for 2017.1 Given this impetus, we wanted to understand more about the current state of play with AR/VR in the enterprise. We surveyed executives at 700+ companies, including 600 companies who are either experimenting with or implementing AR/VR; spoke with AR/VR-focused leadership at global companies, start-ups, and vendors; and analyzed over 35 use cases, with a particular focus on: • The use of AR/VR for internal industrial company operations, including, but not limited to, design, engineering, and field services • The automotive, utility, and discrete manufacturing sectors. This research focuses on organizations that have initiated their AR/VR journey, whether by experimentation or implementation, and aims to answer a number of questions: • How is AR/VR being used today? • Where should organizations invest – what are the use cases that generate the most value? • How can companies either begin or evolve their initiatives? Outside of this report, terms you will commonly find when reading about AR/VR are mixed reality, hybrid reality, or merged reality in which both the physical and the virtual or digital realities coexist or even merge.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Reality 3D Space & Tracking
    Virtual Reality 3D Space & Tracking Ján Cíger Reviatech SAS [email protected] http://janoc.rd-h.com/ 16.10.2014 Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 1 / 57 Outline Who am I? Tracking Coordinates in 3D Space Introduction Position in 3D Technologies Orientation in 3D VRPN Euler angles What is VRPN Axis/angle representation Simple Example Rotation matrices (3 × 3) Quaternions Resources Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 2 / 57 Who am I? Who am I? PhD from VRlab, EPFL, Switzerland I AI for virtual humans, how to make autonomous characters ("NPCs") smarter I Lab focused on human character animation, motion capture, interaction in VR I ≈ 20 PhD students, several post-docs, many master students. VRlab: http://vrlab.epfl.ch IIG: http://iig.epfl.ch Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 3 / 57 Who am I? Who am I? SensoramaLab, Aalborg University, Denmark I Building a new lab focusing on new media, interaction, use in rehabilitation I Large projection system, tracking, many interactive demos I Teaching bachelor & master students, project supervision. Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 4 / 57 Who am I? Who am I? Reviatech SAS I Applied research, looking for new technologies useful for our products/customers I Tracking, augmented reality, AI, building software & hardware prototypes. http://www.reviatech.com/ Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 5 / 57 Coordinates in 3D Space Position in 3D Outline Who am I? Tracking Coordinates in 3D Space Introduction Position in 3D Technologies Orientation in 3D VRPN Euler angles What is VRPN Axis/angle representation Simple Example Rotation matrices (3 × 3) Quaternions Resources Ján Cíger (Reviatech SAS) RV01 16.10.2014 6 / 57 Coordinates in 3D Space Position in 3D 3D Position Carthesian I 3 perpendicular axes I Left or right handed! I Z-up vs Y-up! I Usually same scale on all axes http://viz.aset.psu.edu/gho/sem_notes/3d_ I Common units – meters, fundamentals/html/3d_coordinates.html millimetres, inches, feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Bakalářská Práce Software Pro Rehabilitaci Paže Ve Virtuální Realitě
    Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta aplikovaných věd Katedra informatiky a výpočetní techniky Bakalářská práce Software pro rehabilitaci paže ve virtuální realitě Plzeň 2020 Jakub Kodera Místo této strany bude zadání práce. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně a výhradně s použitím citovaných pramenů. V Plzni dne 7. května 2020 Jakub Kodera Abstract Arm rehabilitation software in virtual reality. The work is a part of a larger project, that is trying to achieve rehabilitation of the upper limb, in pa- tients suffering from a neurological disorder, in virtual reality. The result of this work is an application, that allows patients to perform rehabilitation exercises. The technologies used to develop the software are discussed here, mainly the HTC Vive system and the Unity game engine. The application is designed so that it can be further expanded. The application provides patients with a vizualization of the movement, that they are to perform. The therapeut obtains data and statistics of the exercises performed by the patient. Abstrakt Práce je součástí projektu, který se zabývá rehabilitací horní končetiny, u pacientů trpících neurologickou poruchou, ve virtuální realitě. Výsledkem této práce je aplikace umožňující provádět rehabilitačních cvičení. Jsou zde probírány technologie použité při vývoji softwaru. Zejména systém HTC Vive a herní engine Unity. Aplikace je navržena tak, aby ji bylo možné dále rozšiřovat. Aplikace poskytuje pacientům vizualizaci prováděného pohybu. Terapeut aplikací získá data a statistiky o cvičeních vykonaných pacientem. Obsah 1 Úvod7 2 Roztroušená skleróza mozkomíšní8 2.1 Průběh nemoci.........................8 2.1.1 Typy roztroušené sklerózy............... 10 2.2 Symptomy............................ 11 2.3 Léčba.............................
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual & Augmented Reality
    EXCERPTED FROM THE ORIGINAL: See inside cover for details. FINANCIAL BACKING GLOBAL INTEREST SHIPPING OUT SELLING OUT INTEREST IN THE PAST READY TO BUILD A WAVE OF CONTENT ON THE WAY RETAIL VALUE HOME REDESIGN, REIMAGINED EASIER TO IMAGINE YOURSELF AT HOME Video • Jaunt The Ecosystem • NextVR Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality • VRSE • Oculus Story Studio • GoPro • IG Port Processors Games • TI Applications • Sony • Qualcomm • Ubisoft 3D Audio • STMicro Graphics • CCP Games • Nvidia • TI • Realtek • Oculus Story Studio • AMD • Wolfson • Himax • Tammeka Games • Qualcomm • Realtek • MediaTek • Pixel Titans • Intel • Capcom Augmented Reality Virtual Reality Engineering • Microsoft HoloLens • Facebook Oculus Head–mounted devices • Autodesk • Google Glass • Samsung Gear VR • Dassault Systèmes • Magic Leap • Google Cardboard • IrisVR • Atheer • HTC Vive • Visidraft • Osterhout Design • Sony PSVR • MakeVR Memory Group • Vuzix iWear (DRAM/SSD) • VR Union Claire • Micron Healthcare • Samsung • Psious • SK Hynix • zSpace • Toshiba • Conquer Mobile • 3D Systems Social • Altspace VR • High Fidelity • Podrift Commerce • Sixense {shopping} • Matterport {real estate} Display • Samsung • JDI Cameras • Himax • 360Heros • Crystal • GoPro Odyssey 3D Lenses • Nokia OZO • Wearality • Jaunt NEO • Zeiss • Matterport Pro 3D Components • Canon • Nikon Haptics • Largan • Alps Position/ Room Tracker • AAC • Hon Hai • Nidec • Pegatron • Flex • Jabil • HTC Motion Sensors • Leap Motion • InvenSense • TI • STMicro • Honeywell The Ecosystem Virtual Reality / Augmented
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality a Survey from Scania’S Perspective
    EXAMENSARBETE INOM MASKINTEKNIK, AVANCERAD NIVÅ, 30 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2019 Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality A Survey from Scania’s Perspective KARL INGERSTAM KTH SKOLAN FÖR INDUSTRIELL TEKNIK OCH MANAGEMENT Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality A Survey from Scania’s Perspective Karl Ingerstam 2019 Master of Science Thesis TPRMM 2019 KTH – Industrial Engineering and Management Production Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm Abstract Virtual reality and augmented reality are technological fields that have developed and expanded at a great pace the last few years. A virtual reality is a digitally created environment where computer- generated elements are displayed to a user via different interfaces for the respective senses. Video is used for displaying images, creating a realistic environment, while audio is played to stimulate hearing and other sorts of feedback is used to stimulate the sense of touch in particular. Augmented reality is a sub-category of virtual reality where the user sees the real surroundings, but computer-generated imagery is displayed on top of objects in the environment. This type of technology brings a lot of new possibilities and potential use cases in all sorts of areas, ranging from personal entertainment, communication and education to medicine and heavy industry. Scania is a global manufacturer of heavy trucks and buses, and provider of related services, based in Sweden. By studying Scania’s different departments and surveying the fields of virtual reality and augmented reality, the aim of this thesis is to identify situations and use cases where there is potential for Scania to implement virtual reality and augmented reality technology. This thesis also studies what obstacles implementation of these technologies bring.
    [Show full text]
  • Augmented Reality in Industry 4.0 and Future Innovation Programs
    technologies Article Augmented Reality in Industry 4.0 and Future Innovation Programs Gian Maria Santi , Alessandro Ceruti * , Alfredo Liverani and Francesco Osti Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (G.M.S.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (F.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) is worldwide recognized as one of the leading technologies of the 21st century and one of the pillars of the new industrial revolution envisaged by the Industry 4.0 international program. Several papers describe, in detail, specific applications of Augmented Reality developed to test its potentiality in a variety of fields. However, there is a lack of sources detailing the current limits of this technology in the event of its introduction in a real working environment where everyday tasks could be carried out by operators using an AR-based approach. A literature analysis to detect AR strength and weakness has been carried out, and a set of case studies has been implemented by authors to find the limits of current AR technologies in industrial applications outside the laboratory-protected environment. The outcome of this paper is that, even though Augmented Reality is a well-consolidated computer graphic technique in research applications, several improvements both from a software and hardware point of view should be introduced before its introduction in industrial operations. The originality of this paper lies in the detection of guidelines to improve the Augmented Reality potentialities in factories and industries. Keywords: augmented reality; mixed reality; Industry 4.0; factory automation; maintenance; design Citation: Santi, G.M.; Ceruti, A.; for disassembly; object tracking Liverani, A.; Osti, F.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Cost and Home-Made Immersive Systems
    The International Journal of Virtual Reality, 2012, 11(3):9-17 9 Low-cost and home-made immersive systems Sébastien Kuntz , Ján Cíger VRGeeks, Paris, France Based on our experience we have settled on the following: Abstract²A lot of professionals or hobbyists at home would x )RU DQ LPPHUVLYH ZDOO ZH QHHG WR WUDFN WKH KHDG¶V like to create their own immersive virtual reality systems for position7KHKHDG¶VRULHQWDWLRQFDQEHRPLWWHGLIZH cheap and taking little space. We offer two examples of such assume that the user keeps their head facing the screen. ³KRPH-PDGH´ V\VWHPV XVLQJ WKH FKHDSHVW KDUGZDUH SRVVLEOH x The orientation is essential for an HMD, but we also while maintaining a good level of immersion: the first system is EHOLHYH WKDW ZH VKRXOG WUDFN WKH KHDG¶V position to based on a projector (VRKit-:DOO DQGFRVWV§¼ZKLOHWKH obtain a more natural viewpoint control. Furthermore, second system is based on a head-mounted display the movement parallax provides an important cue for (VRKit-+0' DQG FRVWV EHWZHHQ ¼ DQG ¼ :H DOVR the perception of depth. propose a standardization of those systems in order to enable x Tracking of at least one hand (both position and simple application sharing. Finally, we describe a method to orientation) seems important in order to be able to calibrate the stereoscopy of a NVIDIA 3D Vision system. interact with the virtual environment in both systems. x Having a few buttons and a joystick to simplify the Index Terms²Input/output, low cost VR, immersion, interaction is interesting too (action selection, interaction. navigation in the environment, etc).
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Virtual Reality Application for Realistic Architectural Visualizations
    Soyhan Yazgan Developing a Virtual Reality Application for Realistic Architectural Visualizations Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor of Engineering Information Technology Bachelor’s Thesis 26 June 2020 Abstract Author Soyhan Yazgan Title Developing a Virtual Reality Application for Realistic Architectural Visualizations Number of Pages 30 pages Date 26 June 2020 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Information Technology Professional Major Software Engineering Instructors Janne Salonen, Supervisor The aim of this thesis is to understand how Virtual Reality works, what are its weaknesses and how to improve on them. It also tries to make use of Virtual Reality for architects. In this thesis, problems and limitations of Virtual Reality are discussed, how Virtual Reality can be used for architecture, how realistic graphics can be made and how Unreal Engine 4, a game development engine, can be used as a creation tool. As a result, an application was made to be used with both a Virtual Reality kit and with regular PC with keyboard and mouse. This application is a virtual tour of an apartment where furniture can be moved around, and their materials can be changed in real-time. Keywords virtual reality, architecture, visualization, render Contents List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 2 Background Information 3 2.1 Virtual Reality 3 2.1.1 What is VR 3 2.1.2 Stereoscopic View 3 2.1.3 HTC Vive 4 2.1.4 Future Improvements 5 2.1.5 Uses of VR 6 2.2 Architectural Visualization 6 2.2.1 3D Models 6 2.2.2 Still 3D Renders 7
    [Show full text]
  • Leveraging Augmented Reality for Highway Construction
    Leveraging Augmented Reality for Highway Construction PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-HRT-20-038 NOVEMBER 2020 Research, Development, and Technology Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296 FOREWORD Augmented reality (AR) is an immersive technology that combines computer-generated information with real-world imagery in real time. AR enhances the user’s perception of reality and enriches information content. In the context of highway construction, enriched content can help project managers and engineers deliver projects faster, safer, and with greater accuracy and efficiency. Navigating through the phases of a construction project allows managers to catch errors before construction and potentially improve design and construction details. Managers can also use AR tools for training, inspection, and stakeholder outreach. This study focused on documenting current AR technologies and applications, with an emphasis on the state of the practice for using AR technologies in design, construction, and inspection applications for highways. This study included a literature review and interviews with researchers and vendors. This report is intended for State departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, highway contractors and designers, and academic institutions involved in highway construction research. Cheryl Allen Richter, P.E., Ph.D. Director, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
    [Show full text]
  • Head Tracking Based on Accelerometer Sensors
    Head Tracking based on accelerometer sensors CarloAlberto Avizzano, Patrizio Sorace, Damaso Checcacci*, Massimo Bergamasco PERCRO, Scuola Superiore S.Anna P.zza dei Martiti 33, Pisa, 56100 (ITALY) E-mail [email protected] Abstract point of view with natural movements of the head, greatly benefit the kind of interaction in these applications. The present paper presents a novel user interface for Several devices have been developed and navigation in virtual environments and remote control of commercialized on the market: the most well known are devices. The system proposed is head-mounted allowing the Intersense products which allow for measurement of for the control of up to six degree of freedom while head position in rooms as large as 30mt. Magnetic sensors keeping hands free. were provided for use in well conditioned spaces by The device is composed of six linear accelerometers Polhemus and Ascent and allow the accurate measurement arranged on a couple of glasses and a specific embedded of several sensors at once. The Virtual Track controller that allows for the measuring of glass (http://www.vrealities.com/virtuatrack.html ) is a 3DOF acceleration information. This is then translated in motion (Roll, Pitch and Yaw) head mounted sensor which can be control information for navigation in virtual environments connected to Personal Computer (via the serial port) for and/or as other devices input. interaction with VR games and applications. The operation of the system is achieved by measuring the ambient magnetic vector fields. The application interface allows 1 Introduction the mouse emulation. TrackIR is a monitor mounted sensor which allows the detection of the head position.
    [Show full text]