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Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality a Survey from Scania’S Perspective

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EXAMENSARBETE INOM MASKINTEKNIK, AVANCERAD NIVÅ, 30 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2019 Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality A Survey from Scania’s Perspective KARL INGERSTAM KTH SKOLAN FÖR INDUSTRIELL TEKNIK OCH MANAGEMENT Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality A Survey from Scania’s Perspective Karl Ingerstam 2019 Master of Science Thesis TPRMM 2019 KTH – Industrial Engineering and Management Production Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm Abstract Virtual reality and augmented reality are technological fields that have developed and expanded at a great pace the last few years. A virtual reality is a digitally created environment where computer- generated elements are displayed to a user via different interfaces for the respective senses. Video is used for displaying images, creating a realistic environment, while audio is played to stimulate hearing and other sorts of feedback is used to stimulate the sense of touch in particular. Augmented reality is a sub-category of virtual reality where the user sees the real surroundings, but computer-generated imagery is displayed on top of objects in the environment. This type of technology brings a lot of new possibilities and potential use cases in all sorts of areas, ranging from personal entertainment, communication and education to medicine and heavy industry. Scania is a global manufacturer of heavy trucks and buses, and provider of related services, based in Sweden. By studying Scania’s different departments and surveying the fields of virtual reality and augmented reality, the aim of this thesis is to identify situations and use cases where there is potential for Scania to implement virtual reality and augmented reality technology. This thesis also studies what obstacles implementation of these technologies bring. This thesis does not conduct any new research in the topic, but presents a summary of the state- of-the-art technology and research of virtual reality and augmented reality. It also presents a thorough description of Scania’s departments, with focus on production and logistics, and research and development, along with an analysis of where virtual reality and augmented can be implemented. The greatest potential use for virtual reality is within research and development, where it provides new possibilities for communication and presenting products and parts in life- like situations in different Scania settings early in the development process. For augmented reality, the best potential is within production and logistics, with emphasis on the latter. Here it can provide new ways of working, with shorter times from picking to delivery and quality verification done by machine instead of manually. Lastly, this thesis discusses which areas are best suited for virtual reality and augmented reality, what obstacles exist and how to handle them, along with presenting a road map with a recommendation for how Scania should proceed. Among other things, this road map suggests to standardize what equipment and software to use, to build and maintain an internal network for employees working with these technologies, and to build automated processes for providing 3D models of Scania’s parts and products in formats that are suitable for use in virtual reality and augmented reality. Sammanfattning Virtual reality (”virtuell verklighet”) och augmented reality (”förstärkt verklighet”) är teknikområden som har utvecklats och expanderat i rask takt de senaste åren. En virtuell verklighet är en digitalt skapad miljö där datorgenererade inslag presenteras för användaren genom olika gränssnitt för de respektive sinnena. Video används för att visa bilder som skapar en realistisk miljö, medan ljud spelas för att stimulera hörseln och andra typer av feedback används för att stimulera i synnerhet känseln. Augmented reality är en underkategori till virtual reality där användaren ser den riktiga miljön runt omkring, men datorgenerade bilder visas ovanpå föremål i omgivningen. Den här typen av teknik medför en uppsjö av nya möjligheter och potentiella användningsområden i olika branscher; alltifrån personlig underhållning, kommunikation och utbildning till medicin och tung industri. Scania är en global tillverkare av tunga lastbilar och bussar med tillhörande tjänster, baserad i Sverige. Genom att studera Scanias olika avdelningar och kartlägga teknikområdena virtual reality och augmented reality, är avsikten att identifiera situationer och användningsområden där det finns potential att implementera virtual reality och augmented reality på Scania. Arbetet undersöker också vilka hinder som står i vägen för implementation av dessa två teknikområden. Det här arbetet genomför ingen ny forskning inom ämnet, utan presenterar istället en summering av spjutspetsteknologi och forskning inom virtual reality och augmented reality. En gedigen beskrivning av Scanias olika avdelningar presenteras, med fokus på produktion och logistik samt forskning och utveckling, tillsammans med en analys av var virtual reality och augmented reality kan implementeras. Den största potentialen för virtual reality finns inom forskning och utveckling, där det medför nya möjligheter för kommunikation och presentation av produkter och artiklar i verklighetstrogna Scaniamiljöer och -situationer i ett tidigt skede i produktutvecklingsprocessen. För augmented reality finns den största potentialen inom produktion och logistik, med tonvikt på den sistnämnda. Här finns möjlighet till nya arbetssätt, med kortare ledtider från plock till leverans och kvalitetssäkring som sker maskinellt istället för manuellt. Slutligen diskuteras vilka områden som är bäst lämpade för virtual reality och augmented reality, vilka hinder som finns vid implementation, samt en ”road map” med rekommendationer för hur Scania bör gå vidare. Bland annat föreslår denna ”road map” att Scania ska standardisera vilken utrustning och mjukvara som ska användas inom företaget, att skapa och upprätthålla ett internt nätverk för medarbetar som arbetar med virtual reality och augmented reality, samt att bygga automatiska processer för att tillhandahålla 3D-modeller av Scanias produkter och artiklar i format som är lämpade för virtual reality och augmented reality. Acknowledgements I want to thank my amazing fiancée Sanna for always providing support, being understanding and patient, and bringing the joy and positive spirit I much needed to come to this point in life. And I am also thankful for my daughter Elsa, who make me happy whenever I get home and make me know I have something else waiting for me, and thereby giving me the extra push I needed to finish this project. Anna Holm and Lars Wejde, my Scania supervisors, have been a great support and encouragement during this project. Their open minds and loose reins allowed me freedom to form this project how I wanted to, while it also inspired me to keep working. Thank you for believing in me and my work from the start. I want to thank Mimmi Rigler, my manager, for her great leadership, supporting me and giving me the freedom to carry out this project at my own pace, while also allowing me to travel and purchase equipment for testing, giving the project an extra edge. Additionally, I also want to thank YMSC as a whole, my new group at Scania, for welcoming me into the group, and being inquisitive and showing interest in my work along the way. Lastly, I want to thank my supervisor and examiner from KTH, Per Johansson and Lasse Wingård, for providing academic feedback on my work and showing support in both this project and during my master’s degree education. Abbreviations AR Augmented Reality AV Augmented Virtuality BOM Bill of Material CAD Computer Aided Design CAE Computer Aided Engineering DR Diminished Reality ERP Enterprise Resource Planning FLP Factory Layout Planning HMD Head Mounted Display/Device MR Mixed Reality P&L Production and Logistics PDM Product Data Management PoC Proof of Concept R&D Research and Development vPDM Virtual Product Data Management VR Virtual Reality Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Goal/Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Limitations..................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Background research.................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Development ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.4 Evaluation and future activities .................................................................................................. 6 3 Terminology and background descriptions ....................................................................................
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