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Pembredelan Pers Di Masa Orde Baru (1966-1998)

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Pembredelan Pers Di Masa Orde Baru (1966-1998) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PEMBREDELAN PERS DI MASA ORDE BARU (1966-1998) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Oleh : Olyvie Bintang Haritajaya NIM: 121314020 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2017 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Sebagai ungkapan kasih, skripsi ini saya persembahkan kepada: 1. Kepada orangtua tercinta, kedua saudara saya, Fernandus Lucky dan Bastianus Zaevie dan motivasi saya Vinsen dan Fabian. 2. Teman-teman angkatan 2012 yang telah berjuang bersama selama kuliah di Sanata Dharma. 3. Teman-teman asrama putri II Pemda Kutai Barat. 4. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MOTTO Kebanggaan kita yang terbesar adalah bukan tidak pernah gagal, tetapi bangkit kembali setiap kali kita jatuh. (Confusius) Learn from yesterday Life for today Hope for tomorrow (Albert Einstein) Ada resiko dan harga yang dibayar untuk bertindak tapi semuanya jauh lebih sedikit dibanding resiko jangka panjang jika hanya berdiam. (Jhon F. Kennedy) v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK PEMBREDELAN PERS DI MASA ORDE BARU (1966-1998) Oleh: Olyvie Bintang Haritajaya Universitas Sanata Dharma 2017 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tiga permasalahan pokok, yaitu: (1) latar belakang pembredelan pers di masa Orde Baru, (2) bentuk dan alasan pembredelan pers di masa Orde Baru, (3) dampak pembredelan pers di masa Orde Baru. Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan metode penelitian historis faktual dengan tahapan: pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan multidimensional yaitu politik, sosial dan ekonomi dengan model penulisan deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) lahirnya Orde Baru memberikan perubahan sikap pemerintah terhadap kehidupan pers, dan munculnya berbagai kebijakan terhadap pers (2) kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pers sekaligus bentuk alat pemerintah untuk membredel pers dengan alasan demi menjaga kestabilan politik dan keamanan nasional (3) dampak dari pembredelan pers memberikan berbagai pengaruh dalam perkembangan pers Indonesia seperti bidang industri pers, profesi wartawan, tenaga kerja pers, pers mahasiswa, dan euforia kebebasan pers. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT THE PROHIBITION OF PRESS DURING NEW ORDER (1966-1998) By: Olyvie Bintang Haritajaya Sanata Dharma University 2017 The purposes of this research are to describe and to analyze three main problems, such as: (1) The background of the prohibition of press during New Order; (2) The form and reason of the prohibition of press during New Order; (3) The impact of the prohibition of press during New Order. This research was organized based on historically factual research method using the following steps: selection of a topic, gathering resources, verification, interpretation and historiography. The approach used in the research is a multidimensional approach which is politic, social and economic with descriptive analytic writing model. The research‟s results show that (1) The inception of New Order changes the government attitude toward press life, and shows many policies for the press. (2) The government‟s policies toward press is a tool for the government to prohibit press with a reason to protect the stability of politic and national security. (3) The impact of the prohibition of press has given many influences to Indonesia press development such as in press Industry sector, journalist profession, labor press, student press, and euphoria of press freedom. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis haturkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberi berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “ Pembredelan Pers di Masa Orde Baru (1966-1998)”. Skripsi ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat meraih gelar Sarjana Pendidikan di Universitas Sanata Dharma, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jurusan Ilmu Pendidikan Sosial, Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Maka pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Rohandi, Ph.D. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. 2. Bapak Ignatius Bondan Suratno, S.Pd.,M.Si. Selaku Ketua Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Universitas Sanata Dharma. 3. Dra. Theresia Sumini, M.Pd. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma yang memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 4. Drs. Sutarjo Adisusilo J.R.,S.Th., M.Pd selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah sabar membimbing, membantu, dan memberikan banyak pengarahan, saran serta masukan selama penyusunan skripsi ini. x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING .......................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................... iv HALAMAN MOTTO .................................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ...................................... vi LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ..................................... vii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... ix KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... x DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 9 C. Tujuan Penulisan ................................................................................ 9 D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................. 9 E. Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................ 10 F. Landasan Teori................................................................................... 13 G. Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................ 41 H. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 45 BAB II LATAR BELAKANG PEMBREDELAN PERS ........................... 46 A. Lahirnya Orde Baru ........................................................................... 46 B. Sikap Pemerintah Orde Baru terhadap Pers ....................................... 48 C. Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Pers ................................................. 55 BAB III BENTUK DAN ALASAN PEMBREDELAN PERS ................... 65 A. Bentuk Pembredelan Pers selama berlakunya UU PP No.11/1966 ... 65 B. Alasan Pembredelan Pers selama berlakunya UU PP No.11/1966.... 67 C. Cara Pembredelan Pers selama berlakunya UU PP No.21/1982 ....... 76 D. Alasan Pembredelan Pers selama berlakunya UU PP No.21/1982.... 77 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BAB IV DAMPAK PEMBREDELAN PERS .............................................. 86 A. Industri Pers ....................................................................................... 86 B. Profesi Wartawan ............................................................................... 89 C. Tenaga Kerja Pers .............................................................................. 95 D. Kehidupan Pers Mahasiswa ............................................................... 97 E. Euforia Kebebasan Pers ..................................................................... 101 BAB V KESIMPULAN ................................................................................. 106 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 109 LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 112 xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Istilah press (Inggris) atau pers (Belanda) yang sebenarnya berarti menekan (pressing) karena mesin cetak menekan kertas untuk memunculkan tulisan. Secara harafiah pers berarti mencetak dan penyiaran yang tercetak atau publikasi yang dicetak (printed publication). Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, pers memiliki dua pengertian yakni pers dalam arti luas dan pers dalam arti sempit. Pers dalam arti luas meliputi segala penerbitan, sedangkan
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