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(WP)NUT IICP/NUTIOOl-E Repon series number: RS/94/GE/30(PHL) English only REPORT WORKSHOP ON NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICIES Convened by: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Regional Office for the Western Pacific with FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific and UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Manila, Philippines 7-11 November 1994 Not for sale Printed and distributed by: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila, Philippines January 1995 ",HWWPRO LlB'RAB") ManiiG PiI-'". 13 JUL 1995 NOTE The views expressed in this report are those of the participants in the Workshop on National Food and Nutrition Policies and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the World Health Organization. This report has been prepared by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region for governments of Member States in the Region and for those who participated in the Workshop on National Food and Nutrition Policies, on behalf of the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) which was held in Manila, Philippines, from 7 to 11 November 1994. CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................ L INTRODUCTION............................................................................... ..... 3 1.1 Objectives .. .. 3 1. 2 Participan~s and resource persons .. .. .. ... ... 3 1.3 Orgamzallon . .. 3 1.4 Opening ceremony ........................................................................... 3 2. PROCEEDINGS .................................. .............................. .................... 4 2.1 Presentations ....... .. .... .. .... .. 4 2.2 Overview of country reports . .. .. ... .. .. ... 7 2.3 Summary of discussions . ... ... .... .. ...... .. ... ... .. .. 9 2.4 Three case-studies ............................................................................ 12 3.. CONCLUSIONS ............................... ... ............................... ......... ..... .. .. 19 ANNEXES: ANNEX 1 - LIST OF PARTICIPANTS .................................................... 21 ANNEX 2 - AGENDA ......................................................................... 27 ANNEX 3 - ABSTRACTS OF COUNTRY REPORTS ................................. 29 ANNEX 4 - CONSTRAINTS AND NEEDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICIES AND PLANS OF ACTION ..................................................................... 57 Key words: Food policy I Nutrition policy I Nutrition surveys I Nutritional status I Nutrition disorders I Western Pacific f Philippines .SUMMARY A Workshop on National Food and Nutrition Policies was organized by the WHO ~ional Office for the Western Pacific, in collaboration with the Regional Offices of the FAO and UNICEF, in Manila, Philippines from 7 to 11 November 1994. It was allend~ by T.! participants and resource persons representing 14 countries. In addition, repres~ntallVes dhhe international agencies FAO and UNICEF and members of the WHO Secretariat, as well III various observers took active part in the deliberations. Nutrition is increasingly recognized as an essential component of health and development of.populations. Following the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) held in Rome in December 1992, all countries have initiated steps to formulate or strengthen national policies ad plans of action for nutrition. This workshop was organized with the following objectives: (I) to review the status of national food and nutrition policies in the Region; (2) to assess the progress of countries in developing national plans of action in the implementation of such policies; and (3) to develop a systematic approach to identify and overcome constraints in the formulation and implementation of national food and nutrition policies. It was noted that problems of undernutrition such as protein energy malnutrition, iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders are still a major amcern in many countries of the Region. In addition, with developmental transition and growing affluence, chronic diet-related diseases are emerging as major causes of adult mortality. Food safety is also becoming an important issue in countries of the Region. Food aod nutrition policies have to tackle all these problems to attain optimal health and nutritional we'll-being of all. Many countries have constituted national committees to review their food and nutrition PI"Iicies and develop national plans of action. There is a clear shift in policy, moving away from vertical programmes to an integrated approach involving several sectors including agriculture, health, education and community development. Attempts are being made to etltablish linkages between nutrition policies and national development plans. The workshop identified lack of manpower and resources and poor intersectoral cmordination as the major constraints in the implementation of food and nutrition policies. The aUocation of sufficient financial and technical resources,training of nutritionists with opportunities for career development are emphasized to support nutrition policies and their iDBJlementation. In countries where nutrition is of low priority, advocacy of nutrition issues is suggested to obtain political commitment and financial support. It was also felt that United Nations agencies, as well as bilateral cooperation, can have a significant input in this process. It was pointed out that in the formulation of national plans of action for nutrition, each country has to establish' priorities, including achievable goals and measurable targets. Imersectoral cooperation is imperative for successful implementation of the plans. The ellistence of a high level multisectoral committee with a decision-making role would be helpful to coordinate the sectoral plans of action and their implementation. It is also important to identify which individuals or sectors will be responsible for the implementation of the planned aclivities . - 2 - Periodical national surveys and appropriate analysis of data are needed for assessment of nutritional status and time trends. Nutrition surveillance systems have to be established for continuous monitoring, evaluation and appropriate action at the local and national levels. The workshop provided an opportunity to review the status of national food and nutrition policies and share country experiences. It also helped in the preparation and finalization of the national plans of action. The participants urged WHO and other UN agencies to organize meetings like this more often to facilitate exchange of information and to promote Regional collaboration. - 3 - I. INTRODUCTION l.l Objectives The objectives of the workshop were: (1) to review the status of national food and nutrition policies in the Region; (2) to assess the progress of countries in developing national plans of action in the implementation of such policies; and (3) to develop a systematic approach to identify and overcome constraints in the formulation and implementation of national food and nutrition policies. 1.2 Participants and resource persons The workshop was attended by 14 participants and resource persons representing 12 countries. Including ohservers, representatives of nongovernmental organizations and the secretariat, a total of 30 people took active part in the deliberations. The full list is in AODeX I. The participant from New Zealand, Ms Jenny Reid, was Chairperson, supported by Professor Ha Huy Khoi from Viet Nam as Vice-Chairman, with Dr Mabel Yap Mei Poh of Sinppore as Rapporteur. I. 3 Organization The workshop included plenary sessions and small group discussions to address specific issues. During the plenary sessions, background papers were presented, followed by country reports reviewing the current situation and the steps already taken to develop nutrition policy and national plans of action. In two separate sessions, three working groups discussed the comtraints to the implementation of food and nutrition policy and how to overcome these. In the third session, the groups examined three models of National Plans of Action for Nutrition (NPAN) as adopted by Philippines, Thailand and New Zealand to compare the different approaches and discuss their relevance to other countries. The outcome of group discussions were presented in the plenary session for further comments and suggestions. The conclusions were discussed and finalized in the last session. Participants were asked to evaluate the workshop. The results show that all were generally satisfied with. the organization of the workshop and found the discussions likely to be useful in the finalization of their country plans. 1.4 Opening ceremony The workshop was opened on behalf of the Regional Director by Dr Liu Xirong, Director, Progranune Management. He welcomed the participants and said that nutrition is increasingly recognized as an essential component of health and development of populations. He reminded the workshop participants that while diet-related noncommunicable diseases are major causes of adult mortality, problems associated with undernutrition such as protein energy mahtutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are still preventing millions of children from achieving their physical and intellectual potential. He added that all of these