DOCSLIB.ORG

Language and Culture Maintenance Among Bangladeshi Migrants in Southeast Queensland, Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Language and Culture Maintenance Among Bangladeshi Migrants in Southeast Queensland, Australia View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Queensland eSpace Language and culture maintenance among Bangladeshi migrants in Southeast Queensland, Australia Farzana Yesmen Chowdhury Master of Applied Linguistics (TESOL Studies) - University of Queensland, Australia A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 School of Languages and Cultures Abstract Australia’s linguistic and cultural diversity has provided scope for the study of language and culture maintenance among its immigrant communities since the late 1970s (Clyne, 1979, 1982, 1991, 2003; Clyne & Kipp, 1999, 2006; Hatoss, 2013; Smolicz, 1991; Pauwels, 2016; Rubino, 2010). Among the immigrant groups in Australia, Bangladeshi-born migrants are a relatively new but fast-growing community who have come from a recently formed nation in which Bangla, the national language, is very strongly associated with national identity. This community has, however, attracted comparatively little research to date. This study is the first in-depth exploration of language and culture maintenance among Bangladeshi migrants in Australia. It examines the extent of the practice of Bangla language and Bangladeshi culture in South-East Queensland and focuses on the attitudes of this group of immigrants towards language and culture maintenance. Two rounds of individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 Bangladeshi-born migrants who had lived in Australia for at least five years. Participants were asked to describe their language use and cultural practices and their strategies for their children’s language use, proficiency in Bangla and cultural affiliation in Australia. They were also asked about their views on intergenerational ethnic language and culture transmission and their identity in the host society. Thematic analysis of the interview data was framed by three approaches: domains (Fishman, 1965; Clyne, 1991; Pauwels, 2016) and core values (Smolicz, 1981, 1999) in the field of sociolinguistics; and dimensionality (Berry, 1974, 2005, 2010) in the fields of sociolinguistic and cross-cultural studies. The interviews show that this group of Bangladeshi migrants maintain their ethnic language and culture to a great extent and adopt some Australian behaviours that do not contradict their core values. Bangla-based nationalistic sentiment, the determination of parents and the wider Bangladeshi community, along with the socio-political atmosphere of multicultural Australia are found to be the most significant factors contributing to their language and culture maintenance. The interviewees demonstrated strong positive attitudes towards maintenance of Bangla language, extended family relationships, and cultural practices associated with religion and food. They showed awareness of the need to make deliberate efforts to maintain their language and culture in i their host society. This suggests that Bangla language and Bangladeshi culture will continue to thrive in this community because its participants consider them integral parts of their social and cultural identity. Of the four acculturation strategies identified by Berry (1974, 2005, 2010), integration best describes the views expressed by the interviewees. They believe that they are well integrated in Australia due to their English proficiency and employment, while they have limited contact with Australians outside work, and do not encourage close friendships between their children and their mainstream peers. Although their social bonds are largely confined to the Bangladeshi community, the participants expressed respect towards Australians and Australian institutions and a sense of gratitude for being able to be a member of Australian society without feeling pressured to exchange their ethnic language for English or to discard their ethnic identity. This suggests a complex cultural identity and an “ideological dilemma” (Billig et al.,1988) whereby the participants feel a sense of belonging and happiness in Australia, but such feelings do not lead them to discard their ethnic identity and exchange it for mainstream identity. A significant implication of this study is that multicultural policies are effective to help migrants develop a sense of belonging, loyalty and feelings of attachment to Australia, not because they advocate integration (maintaining both ethnic and host cultural practices and identifying with both cultures) or assimilation (identifying with the host culture discarding ethnic cultural practices), but because they advocate respect for migrants who maintain their ethnic languages and cultural practices and values in the host society. The study contributes to building a more complete picture of language and culture maintenance among immigrant communities in Australia, pointing to the similarities and differences between the Bangladeshi community, post-war migrants from Europe, and more recently arrived immigrant and refugee migrant communities from Asia, Latin America and Africa. This comparison reveals distinctive characteristics of this ethnolinguistic community, including the strength of their emotional attachment to Bangla language and Bangladeshi culture. Their desire to sustain these is facilitated by the multicultural policies of the host society, and realised through strong family language policies, culturally vibrant ethnic community associations, and the determination of the community to transmit their language and culture to the next generation. ii Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, financial support and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my higher degree by research candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis and have sought permission from co-authors for any jointly authored works included in the thesis. iii Publications included in this thesis No publications Submitted manuscripts included in this thesis. No publication included Submitted manuscripts included in this thesis No manuscripts submitted for publication Other publications during candidature 1. Chowdhury, F. Y., & Hamid, M. O. (2016). Language, migration and social wellbeing. A narrative inquiry into the lives of low English proficiency Bangladeshi migrants in Australia. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 8-30. 2. Chowdhury, F. Y. (2017). Using narrative inquiry for educational research in the Asia Pacific. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 40(5), 554-555. Contributions by others to the thesis No contributions by others Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree No works submitted towards another degree have been included in this thesis iv Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects Human Ethics Unit Ethical Clearance Application Number: 16-04 Name of approving committees: SLC Ethics Committee Ethics approval letter: See the appendix 1 v Acknowledgements The successful completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the love and support of many fantastic people. I would like to take this opportunity to extend my appreciation to them. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my principal supervisor Dr Juliana De Nooy for her relentless support, cooperation and depth of knowledge to guide me throughout my candidature. I will always remember her contributions of time, consistent efforts and patience in correcting my thesis and giving feedback till the last date of submission. I would like to thank my associate supervisor Dr Sol Rojas-Lizana for her insightful comments and encouragement to complete my thesis successfully. I am very much fortunate to have the support from my two supervisors who never lost their faith in me and inspired me through the ups and down of this journey. Besides my advisor, my sincere thanks go to Dr Barbara Hanna, Director of Research Training, Dr Ilana Muhsin, Reader of my thesis review milestone, Dr Jeewon Shin, Dr Obaid Hamid and Dr Kayoko Hashimoto. I am also indebted to Dr Celia Thompson and Dr Janne Moreton who gave me the foundation of doing research when I studied at the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Regulatory Approaches to Ensure the Safety of Pet Food
    The Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee Regulatory approaches to ensure the safety of pet food October 2018 © Commonwealth of Australia 2017 ISBN 978-1-76010-854-0 This document was prepared by the Senate Standing Committee on Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport and printed by the Senate Printing Unit, Department of the Senate, Parliament House, Canberra. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. Membership of the committee Members Senator Glenn Sterle, Chair Western Australia, ALP Senator Barry O'Sullivan, Deputy Chair Queensland, NATS Senator Slade Brockman Western Australia, LP Senator Anthony Chisholm Queensland, ALP Senator Malarndirri McCarthy Northern Territory, ALP Senator Janet Rice Victoria, AG Other Senators participating in this inquiry Senator Stirling Griff South Australia, CA iii Secretariat Dr Jane Thomson, Secretary Ms Sarah Redden, Principal Research Officer Ms Trish Carling, Senior Research Officer Ms Lillian Tern, Senior Research Officer (to 14 September 2018) Ms Helen Ulcoq, Research Officer (to 27 July 2018) Mr Michael Fisher, Research Officer Mr Max Stenstrom, Administrative Officer PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Ph: 02 6277 3511 Fax: 02 6277 5811 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.aph.gov.au/senate_rrat iv Table of contents Membership of the committee ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety Research Report
    Performance Benchmarking of Australian and New Zealand Business Regulation: Productivity Commission Food Safety Research Report December 2009 © COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 2009 ISBN 978-1-74037-298-5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General's Department, 3-5 National Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600 or posted at www.ag.gov.au/cca. This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: (03) 9653 2244 Fax: (03) 9653 2303 Email: [email protected] General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2009, Performance Benchmarking of Australian and New Zealand Business Regulation: Food Safety, Research Report, Canberra. JEL code: A, B, C, D, H. The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range of economic, social and environmental issues affecting the welfare of Australians. Its role, expressed most simply, is to help governments make better policies, in the long term interest of the Australian community.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 117 S
    AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD A gricultural A N D F O O D S ci ence Vol. 20, No. 1, 2011 Contents Hyvönen, T. 1 Preface Agricultural anD food science Hakala, K., Hannukkala, A., Huusela-Veistola, E., Jalli, M. and Peltonen-Sainio, P. 3 Pests and diseases in a changing climate: a major challenge for Finnish crop production Heikkilä, J. 15 A review of risk prioritisation schemes of pathogens, pests and weeds: principles and practices Lemmetty, A., Laamanen J., Soukainen, M. and Tegel, J. 29 SC Emerging virus and viroid pathogen species identified for the first time in horticultural plants in Finland in IENCE 1997–2010 V o l . 2 0 , N o . 1 , 2 0 1 1 Hannukkala, A.O. 42 Examples of alien pathogens in Finnish potato production – their introduction, establishment and conse- quences Special Issue Jalli, M., Laitinen, P. and Latvala, S. 62 The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland Alien pest species in agriculture and Lilja, A., Rytkönen, A., Hantula, J., Müller, M., Parikka, P. and Kurkela, T. 74 horticulture in Finland Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years Hyvönen, T. and Jalli, H. 86 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Vänninen, I., Worner, S., Huusela-Veistola, E., Tuovinen, T., Nissinen, A. and Saikkonen, K. 96 Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture Saxe, A. 115 Letter to Editor. Third sector organizations in rural development: – A Comment. Valentinov, V. 117 Letter to Editor. Third sector organizations in rural development: – Reply.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of a Musical to Implement the Food
    UTILISATION OF TRADITIONAL AND INDIGENOUS FOODS IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA SARAH T.P. MATENGE (M. Consumer Sciences) Thesis submitted for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Consumer Sciences at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Promoter: Prof. A. Kruger Co-promoter: Prof. M. van der Merwe Co-promoter: Dr. H. de Beer POTCHEFSTROOM 2011 DEDICATIONS This thesis is dedicated to: My beloved parents, Johnson Matenge and Tsholofelo Matenge who taught me how to persevere and always have hope for better outcomes in the unpredictable future. Thanks again for your guidance and patience. I love you so much. To my children, Tapiwa and Tawanda, leaving you at a time when you needed me the most was the hardest thing that I had to do in my life, but I thank the omnipresent God who is watching over you and because of him you coped reasonably well. My son Panashe, has given me sincere love and support, has endured well the tough life in Potchefstroom and has been doing a good job at school. Just one look in his eyes gave me hope. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is evident that this thesis is a product of joint efforts from many people. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following people who have contributed to make this study possible: Prof. A. Kruger, my promoter for her profound knowledge and her ability to see things in a bigger picture. Thanks for the hard work you have done as a supervisor. Prof. M. van der Merwe, co-promoter for her excellent guidance, expertise and selfless dedication.
    [Show full text]
  • Foodborne Disease
    Foodborne disease Towards reducing foodborne illness in Australia December 1997 Technical Report Series No. 2 From the Foodborne Disease Working Party for the Communicable Diseases Network Australia and New Zealand © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 36743 4 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be repoduced by any process without written permission from AusInfo. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Manager, Legislative Services, AusInfo, GPO Box 84, Canberra, ACT 2601 Publications and Design (Public Affairs, Parliamentary and Access Branch) Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services Publication Identification number: 2338 iii Contents List of illustrations v Preface vii Membership of the working party ix Acknowledgments xi Terms of reference of the working party xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Context 1 1.2 The incidence of foodborne disease 2 1.3 Costs of foodborne disease 2 1.3.1 United States of America 3 1.3.2 Australia and New Zealand 3 1.4 Causes of the rising incidence of foodborne disease 3 1.4.1 Changing patterns of food consumption 3 1.4.2 Changes in food manufacturing, retail, food distribution and storage 4 1.4.3 Heightened susceptibility in some population groups 4 1.5 Surveillance 5 2 Trends in epidemiology 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Recent overseas experiences in foodborne disease 8 2.2.1 Laboratory reports of foodborne infections 8 2.2.2 Reports of foodborne disease outbreaks 10 2.3 Australian data and
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety in Pregnancy: an Exploration of Lay and Professional Perspectives
    University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year 2008 Food safety in pregnancy: an exploration of lay and professional perspectives Dolly Bondarianzadeh University of Wollongong Bondarianzadeh, Dolly, Food safety in pregnancy: an exploration of lay and profes- sional perspectives, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3083 This paper is posted at Research Online. Food Safety in Pregnancy: An Exploration of Lay and Professional Perspectives A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy From University of Wollongong By Dolly Bondarianzadeh, BSc., MSc. School of Health Sciences 2008 Certification I, Dolly Bondarianzadeh, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Dolly Bondarianzadeh ii Publications The research documented in this thesis has been presented and published as following: Bondarianzadeh D., H. Yeatman and D. Condon-Paoloni (2006) Listeriosis in pregnancy: better safe than sorry. Proceedings of the First World Congress of Public Health Nutrition, 28-30 September 2006, Barcelona, Spain. Bondarianzadeh D., H. Yeatman and D. Condon-Paoloni (2007) Listeria education in pregnancy: lost opportunity for health professionals. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31, 468-474. iii Acknowledgements It is difficult to overstate my gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Heather Yeatman, for adopting me, for sharing her expertise and insight, and for providing constant encouragement, intellectual guidance, invaluable comments and good company throughout my journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributing Editors Carol Vandenhoek and Wendy Baker QC Miller Thomson LLP
    GETTING THROUGH THE DEAL Agribusiness Agribusiness Contributing editors Carol VandenHoek and Wendy Baker QC 2018 Law Business Research 2018 © Law Business Research 2017 Agribusiness Contributing editors Carol VandenHoek and Wendy Baker QC Miller Thomson LLP Publisher Law The information provided in this publication is Gideon Roberton general and may not apply in a specific situation. [email protected] Business Legal advice should always be sought before taking Research any legal action based on the information provided. Subscriptions This information is not intended to create, nor does Sophie Pallier Published by receipt of it constitute, a lawyer–client relationship. [email protected] Law Business Research Ltd The publishers and authors accept no responsibility 87 Lancaster Road for any acts or omissions contained herein. The Senior business development managers London, W11 1QQ, UK information provided was verified between August Alan Lee Tel: +44 20 3708 4199 and September 2017. Be advised that this is a [email protected] Fax: +44 20 7229 6910 developing area. Adam Sargent © Law Business Research Ltd 2017 [email protected] No photocopying without a CLA licence. Printed and distributed by First published 2017 Encompass Print Solutions Dan White Second edition Tel: 0844 2480 112 [email protected] ISSN 2398-5895 © Law Business Research 2017 CONTENTS Introduction 5 Malaysia 57 Carol VandenHoek and Wendy Baker QC Azman bin Othman Luk, Pauline Khor,
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Moratorium on Genetically Modified Canola
    DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES Issues Paper: Review of the Moratorium on Genetically Modified Canola July 2007 Published by the Victorian Government Department of Primary Industries, Melbourne, July 2007 Also published on www.dpi.vic.gov.au © The State of Victoria Department of Primary Industries 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in- house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: the copyright owner is acknowledged no official connection is claimed the material is made available without charge or at cost the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 ) should be directed to the Customer Service Centre on 136 186 or email [email protected] . ISBN 978-1-74199-673-9 (Print) ISBN 978-1-74199-674-6 (Online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Produced by: GM Canola Review Panel Secretariat Department of Primary Industries Level 19, 1 Spring Street GPO Box 4440 Melbourne VIC 3001 Telephone: (03) 9658 4872
    [Show full text]
  • Copy of Fact Sheet
    EATING INTERNATIONALLY: AUSTRALIA Associate Professor Helen O’Connor: Accredited Practicing and Sports Dietitian, Fellow of Sports Dietitians Australia, The University of Sydney, Australia Culinary Landscape in Australia Australia has significant culinary diversity, reflecting the multicultural nature of its people. In major capital cities, it is easy to find restaurants from almost all corners of the globe. Cuisines most easy to access include Chinese, Thai, Japanese, Indian, Italian, Greek and Mexican. There are many western favourites such as sandwiches, wraps, roasts and burgers. There is a strong Asian influence in restaurant food given our geographical location. Although there are many superb celebrity chefs and high end dining restaurants, the laid back Australian lifestyle makes casual dining popular and there are a Eating Out wide range of lower to mid-range price cafés and Opening Hours of Cafés and Restaurants restaurants. Restaurants and cafés generally open for most of the day (breakfast to dinner). In capital cities, they The warm weather almost year round in most tend to be open early (usually by 9 am, some locations provides plenty of opportunity for al fresco earlier) until late (until 10 pm and some past dining. Take the opportunity to experience some of midnight). Opening hours are usually shorter in our fantastic fresh produce, tropical fruits, diverse regional areas. Fast food restaurants like range of seafood and you may even want to try McDonalds™, KFC™ and pizza chains may have kangaroo or crocodile! If you have a sweet tooth, longer opening hours; some McDonalds™ are open why not try some of our famous sweet treats such as 24 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • RS 94 GE 30 PHL Eng.Pdf
    (WP)NUT IICP/NUTIOOl-E Repon series number: RS/94/GE/30(PHL) English only REPORT WORKSHOP ON NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICIES Convened by: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Regional Office for the Western Pacific with FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific and UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Manila, Philippines 7-11 November 1994 Not for sale Printed and distributed by: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila, Philippines January 1995 ",HWWPRO LlB'RAB") ManiiG PiI-'". 13 JUL 1995 NOTE The views expressed in this report are those of the participants in the Workshop on National Food and Nutrition Policies and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the World Health Organization. This report has been prepared by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region for governments of Member States in the Region and for those who participated in the Workshop on National Food and Nutrition Policies, on behalf of the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) which was held in Manila, Philippines, from 7 to 11 November 1994. CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................ L INTRODUCTION............................................................................... ..... 3 1.1 Objectives .. .. 3 1. 2 Participan~s and resource persons .. .. .. ... ... 3 1.3 Orgamzallon . .. 3 1.4 Opening ceremony ........................................................................... 3 2. PROCEEDINGS .................................. .............................. .................... 4 2.1 Presentations ....... .. .... .. .... .. 4 2.2 Overview of country reports . .. .. ... .. .. ... 7 2.3 Summary of discussions .
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Systems Recognition Review of Australia by the Us
    REPORT OF THE SYSTEMS RECOGNITION REVIEW OF AUSTRALIA BY THE U.S. FDA Executive Summary The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA or the Agency) uses the Systems Recognition process to evaluate and compare foreign countries’ domestic food safety systems and assess the effectiveness of their food safety controls. Australia meets the criteria for Systems Recognition as it has, over time, demonstrated that it takes a proactive, preventive approach to food safety management and works to minimize adverse events when they occur. Once Systems Recognition is implemented through a mutual agreement, both the U.S. FDA and the government of Australia will be able to more appropriately target inspectional resources to higher risk country-commodity combinations and leverage resources to address common food safety concerns. The U.S. FDA’s review of Australia’s food safety program started in 2014 and consisted of several steps. First, the U.S. FDA reviewed the country’s history of trade with the U.S. and related compliance data. Second, the U.S. FDA used its International Comparability Assessment Tool (ICAT) to examine key elements of Australia’s food safety system. Finally, once the ICAT document review was complete, the U.S. FDA conducted an in-country audit to verify that the implementation of the food safety program was consistent with the information submitted for review. This report describes the review of the Australian food safety system and supports a finding of comparability and a recommendation that we recognize the Australian food safety system as providing at least the same level of public health protection as the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety FOOD SAFETY
    Volume | 397 Justin Healey Edited by Food Safety Food VOLUME 397 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES IN SOCIETY Volume | Volume 397 Food Safety Edited by Justin Healey This e-book is subject to the terms and conditions of a non-exclusive and non-transferable SITE LICENCE AGREEMENT between THE SPINNEY PRESS and: St Peter's Collegiate Girls School, Stonyfell, [email protected] First published by PO Box 438 Thirroul NSW 2515 Australia www.spinneypress.com.au © The Spinney Press 2016. COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. Other than for purposes of and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior permission. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. REPRODUCTION AND COMMUNICATION FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited, Level 11, 66 Goulburn Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Fax: (02) 9394 7601 Email: [email protected] REPRODUCTION AND COMMUNICATION FOR OTHER PURPOSES Except as permitted under the Act (for example a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission.
    [Show full text]