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2014 Revue De L’Académie REVUE de L’ACADÉMIE DU VAR REVUE DE L’ACADÉMIE DU VAR 2014 REVUE DE L’ACADÉMIE 15e 2014 Revue de l’académie du Var Année 2014 Nouvelle série Tome XV La Revue de l’académie du Var paraît depuis 1833 grâce à une importante participation financière du Conseil général du Var Toulon, académie du Var, 2014 La Revue de l’académie du Var est publié par : ACADÉMIE DU VAR (association loi 1901) Passage de la Corderie 83000 Toulon - France Téléphone 04 94 92 62 67 Site Internet : http ://www.academieduvar.fr Mél. : [email protected] Directeur de la publication : Jacques KERIGUY Rédacteur en chef : Georges GIRARD Secrétaire de rédaction : Annie BOFFA Comité de rédaction : Jean PERREAU (commission des beaux-arts), Gilbert BUTI (commission d’histoire et d’archéologie), Bernard CROS (commission des sciences), Yves STALLONI (commission de littérature), Anne SOHIER-MEYRUEIS, Bernard BRISOU, Jacques KERIGUY, Yves ARTRU, Philippe DEVERRE, Gérard GARCIA, André BÉRUTTI Imprimeur : Imprimerie SIRA - 960 route de Bandol - 83110 Sanary-sur-Mer Parution : janvier 2016. Dépôt légal : 1er trimestre 2016. ISSN : 1148-7852 Les opinions émises dans cette revue n’engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs. Droits de traduction et d’adaptation réservés pour tous pays. Le Code de la propriété intellectuelle, dans l’article L122-5, alinéa 2, autorise « les copies ou reproductions réalisées à partir d’une source licite et strictement réservées à l’usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, dans l’alinéa 3a, « les analyses et courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d’information de l’œuvre à laquelle elles sont incorporées ». L’article L122-4 du même Code prévoit que « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause est illicite. Il en est de même pour la traduction, l’adaptation ou la transformation, l’arrangement ou la reproduction par un art ou un procédé quelconque. » En une de couverture : Manœuvre porte-à-porte entre CTM L-Cat et la Foudre, gouache 46 cm x 61 cm de Louis Imbert, membre titulaire de l'Académie du Var. © Académie du Var, 2016. ISSN : 1148-7852 2 SOMMAIRE PREMIÈRE PARTIE LES HEURES DE L’ACADÉMIE DU VAR L’histoire tumultueuse du pétrole, Jean RENAUD .................................................................................................................. 9 Max Jacob et les créateurs de son temps, Jean PERREAU ....................................................................................................19 Le Ranz des vaches et l’expression de la nostalgie, Dominique AMANN .............................................................................31 Naissance et évolution de la sculpture romane, Jean-Paul MEYRUEIS .............................................................................. 35 La Mésopotamie et la Bible, Michèle-Anne PILLET ............................................................................................................. 47 Giraudoux écrivain-diplomate, Roland BILLAULT ..............................................................................................................57 Les Incas, conquérants des Andes, François GOUDARD ...................................................................................................... 65 Les vitraux du souvenir de la guerre 1914-1918, Pierre BRUN ........................................................................................... 73 Le rôle monétaire de l’or, Jacques CUNIN ............................................................................................................................ 83 SÉANCES MENSUELLES COMMUNICATIONS Les grands incendies de 1919, Gabriel JAUFFRET ................................................................................................................ 93 Portalis et Le Beausset, Gérard DELAFORGE ........................................................................................................................96 Élisabeth Ire, l’émergence de l’Angleterre au XVIe siècle, Geneviève NIHOUL ................................................................. 100 Hominescence et communication ou l’esprit en progrès, Bernard BRISOU ...................................................................... 104 Stéphane Hessel, de la déportation à l’indignation, Yves STALLONI .................................................................................107 L’esprit physicien en mutation, Geneviève NIHOUL ............................................................................................................111 Les géants de Flandres, Alain DUMORTIER ......................................................................................................................... 114 Henri-Edmond Cross, néo-impressionniste installé sur la côte varoise, Jean-Pierre MALASPINA ..................................119 L’odyssée de l’Alabama, frégate corsaire des États confédérés américains, Gérard GACHOT ..........................................123 La Croix-Rouge et la Grande Guerre, Georges GIRARD .....................................................................................................127 Kipling chantre de lʼempire britannique ? Gérard GARCIA ................................................................................................131 L’énergie nucléaire, Jean RENAUD ......................................................................................................................................135 Le transport maritime de conteneurs, Robert DEVAINON .................................................................................................139 Préférer, Philippe GRANAROLO ............................................................................................................................................143 Roger Toulouse (1918-1994), artiste témoin de son temps, Jean PERREAU ......................................................................145 POÈMES ET CONTES Un certain Monsieur Blot, Patrick BUFFE ........................................................................................................................... 151 Remuement, Daniel GISSEROT ............................................................................................................................................152 La valse des saisons, J.-Éléonore Marot de LASSAUZAIE ....................................................................................................152 Cheminement, Daniel GISSEROT ..........................................................................................................................................152 Souviens-toi !, Josette Sanchez PANSART ............................................................................................................................153 Un rêve sans gravité, Michel HEGER ..................................................................................................................................154 Résurrection ? Le jour de mai, une jupe… Michel REBECQ ................................................................................................154 3 DEUXIÈME PARTIE COMMISSION DES BEAUX-ARTS Des mots et de la musique Les mots et la musique, une diffraction des sens, Jean-Michel BOSSINI ...........................................................................157 Un musicien d’écriture : Pierre Boulez, Ingrid TEDESCHI ..................................................................................................161 Du rôle de la langue anglaise dans la naissance du jazz, Gérard GARCIA ........................................................................165 Les grands polyptyques flamands du XVe siècle, Jean PERREAU ......................................................................................169 COMMISSION D’HISTOIRE Fortunes de mer Introduction générale, Gilbert BUTI ...................................................................................................................................176 Naufrage et fortune de mer, Philippe DEVERRE .................................................................................................................177 La fièvre jaune et les chirurgiens de la marine au XIXe siècle, Bernard BRISOU ..............................................................181 Le saturnisme ou « coliques des navigateurs », Gilbert BUTI ...........................................................................................185 L’Amérique du Nord aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : Europe outre-mer ou anti-Europe ? Introduction générale, Gilbert BUTI .................................................................................................................................. 190 La Nouvelle-France : espérances et fragilités (1534-1763), Gilbert BUTI ........................................................................ 190 Les treize colonies britanniques d’Amérique (1607-1763), Geneviève NIHOUL.................................................................196 Les pères fondateurs et la crise de la dette publique (1776-1800), Pierre GENSSE ..........................................................202 Conclusion générale : L’Amérique du Nord aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : Europe outre-mer ou anti-Europe ? Gilbert BUTI .............................................................................................................207 COMMISSION DE LITTÉRATURE L’innovation théâtrale au XXe siècle Bertolt Brecht, une écriture
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