0 20 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , MARC , 188911 H .

VI.

PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, WEAPONS, ORNAMENTS UTENSILD AN , S FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. BY SIR HERBERT EUSTACE MAXWELL, " BART., M.P., F.S.A. SCOT.

e additio e Society'Th th o nt s Museu a considerabl f mo e numbef o r objects varioun i , s materials, collecte recenn di t year n Wigtownshirei s , seems a fitting opportunity to review the character of the more remark- able specimens from that count t hithertyno o describe Proceed-e th n di ings of the Society. The result of an increasing interest in archaeology on the part of persons resident in Galloway (due in great measure to the formation in 1878 of the Ayrshire and Wigtownshire, now the Ayrshire and Galloway, Archaeological Association s alreadha ) y resultee recoverth a n i df o y vast numbe f remaino r s scattere n out-of-the-wai d y corners d sucan ,h persons, by directing the attention of field-workers to similar remains, have already effected the recovery of many more, and there is good reason to hope that much more remains to be secured.1 In Mr Evans' work on the Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain (published in 1878) e enumerateh , s many specimens frol mal parts of the British Isles, and gives figures of 385 objects of the neo- lithic mentionperiode h t bu , havins sa onlo ygtw been foun Wigtownn di - shire. Three years later (in 1881), his work on Ancient Bronze Imple- ments of Great Britain was published, containing 540 figures and descriptions of many more. Either metal objects had attracted more notic n Wigtownshiri e e than e interesstoneth r o n ancien,i t t imple- ments was increasing, for we find notice given of 16 objects from that county. In the following remarks notice only will be made of some of the finer specimens lately obtained :—

1 Withi fena w day penninf so g these lines I picke,returnin n i , dup g from church, in a ploughed field, a polished stone celt, finely formed, and two days later a good specimen of a grinding-stone. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 201

STONE.

1. Celts.—The largest stone celt recorded from the county of Wigtown was foun t Kirklauchlinea d d presente an e ,Nationa th o t d l Museum Eighe 187th n i y t 7b Hon Eare th f . o l Stair. It is of felstone (fig. 1), and measures 13 inches in length, 3f inches wide at one end and 2f inches at the other e cros th s ovai , sn i lsection d an , 2 inche thicknesn i s s abou middle th t e s lengths flattenei oit f t I . d towards both ends, whic e similarlar h y shaped, an t expanddi s slightly from aboue th t middle of its length towards the wider sharpeneds e i broa endd Th en d. e th , butt end rounded off. Another, nearly s largea , from Kirkcolm s alsha ,o been Museue senth Eare o th t f Stairt o ly m b . f porphyryo s i d measuret I an , s 12 J inches in length, 4 inches wide, and is finely polished. The third largest celt was found in FiS- L ™\ found at Kirklauchline KirkmaideIT- i -J n parish.- °v,t f polisheI io s inche 3 l1 * (1 i --nsd • .Vm length)1 . graywacke, and measures 11^ inches in length, 3 inches broad, and If inches thick. Fig. 2 is a very fine specimen (9 inches by 3j by 1J), made of fine and hard graywacke. It was found at Falhar,2 near Whithorn, and is remarkable from showing distinctly a transverse band of light colour, where the wooden haft protected it from the discoloration of soil and -water. Fig. 3 shows a celt of weathered greenstone,3 from Leswalt parish (5^ by 2-^ by 1 j3^). It is hardly distinguishable in shape and substance from one found in the Himalayas, now in Mr

1 In the possession of J. M'Douall, Esq. of Logan. possessioe inth w No 2 Df no r Douglas, Whithorn. 3 Now in the S. A. Museum. Fig. 2. Polished Stone Celt from Falhar, Whithoru (9 inches in length). PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 203

Evans's collection. A very pretty weapon,1 obtained by Dr Trotter in Kirkmaiden parish gree,of seemnbe porphyritesto 6| inche, lengtsin h and 2f inches in greatest width near the cutting edge, which joins the side edges with an oval curve. The greatest thickness, If inches, is in

Fig . Polishe3 . d Stone Celt from Leswalt (5j inche length)n si . the middle of the implement, the cross section there being an elongated oval, becoming more flattened towards the cutting face. The butt end is almost conical, and tapering to the bluntly-pointed extremity.

. MuseumA . S e .th n i w No 1 204 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARCH 11, 1889.

e largesTh t piec f manufactureo e d flint I 1hav e see n Wigtowni n - shir shows ei t appear I cuttina e fign . nb i 4 .o gst rather tha nhewina g implement havy ma e served an ,purpos e dth flayina f eo s g knifewa t I . foun thn di e sandhill f Genochso , near Glenluce (Gaelic gaineach, sandy), whence many hundreds of worked flint implements of smaller size have already e founMuseumth do t n thi I theiy .s wa rcountr e onlth y y suppl f flinyo t e water-rolleexistth n i s d nodule s e raisefounth n di d beaches, having originally been washed out of the denuded chalk of Antrim. Another object of flint of unusual size for this district was found in 1886 near Whithorn. It is a small celt with rectangular sectiod nan finely ground edge, forme f ruddo d y flint. 2. Perforated Axe - Heads.—Many stone axe-heads of unusual size and weight have been found. With the exception of one found at Cruggleton, in Sorby parish, lOf inches long, brokea 2 n one found at Orchardton, in Sorby parish,3 an y e a pickedportiob on p f u do n myself in the adjacent parish of Glasser- Fig. 4. Oval Knife of Flint from ton,8 which are of fine-grained granite, Torrs (3J inches in length). all tha I havt ee numbeseenth o t , r of more than 50, are made of the prevailing stone in the district,' viz., Lower Silurian sandstone. The largest recorded* measures 11J inche n lengthi s 5y n breadt ^i b inche3 d an hs throug e perforath h - tion. ]STexe foun on n sizt i Barnsallieta d s i e d Luce,Ol , 5 measuring 11J , weighininche3 y 4y b fb s 9 Ibsg 3 ounces. d havinan , g promi- nent lateral bulges opposite the perforation. Fig. 5 came from Barr,

1 Now in S. A. Museum. e possessioth n r Andrei Si w f no No 2w Agnew, Bart., Lochnavv. 3 Now in S. A. Museum. possessioe th Cowanr n I 4M f no , draper, Hanover Street, Bradford. possessioe th n i w Df no r No 5Douglas , Whithorn. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE5 20 .

l 7 Penningliame; it weighs 8 Ib. 14 oz., and measures 10T ^ by 5 by 3 inches.

Fig . Ston5 . e Hammer from Barr, Penningliame (10J inche length)n si . a beautifu s i Fig 6 . l specimenl from Barnkirk e nexth , t faro mt . MuseumA . S n i . w No 1 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAKCH 11, 1889. that last mentioned. It is flawless; the curves are very delicate, it 7 retains a fine polish, measures 10T g inches by 5 by 2J, and weighs 1\

Fig. 6. Stone Hammer from Barnkirk, Penninghame (10J inches in length). Ibs. Callintenante th r Pickenn go M , eve e daye h f on rI ,i aske m dhi noticed any " wrought stones." He reflected for a little, and then said PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 207 e thoughh e remembereh t e dth seeinf o e lyinge lowe th d on g t en ra , garden d therean , , among rubhish t lengta e w h, found this specimen, whic vere hh y kindly gav. eme

Fig. 7. Stone Hammer from West Mains of Baldoon (10J inches in length). The axe shown in fig. 7,1 found on the farm of West Mains of 1 In the possession of Mr Broadfoot, West Mains. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAECH 11, 1889.

Baldoon, is remarkably broad and shallow. It measures lOf by

Fig . Ston8 . e Hammer from Dowalton, Sorbi inche7 e( length)n si . by 21 inches. Fig. 8 is a noble specimen1 of neolithic art, having possessioe th Douglasr n 1I D f no , Whithorn. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 209 e farfouns th f almosm o wa n f iron o do t e proportion I e th t. ax n a f so Dowalton Sorbin i , e parish.

Fig. 9. Unfinished Stone Hammer from Physgil, Glasserton (11 inches in length). Three incomplete specimens have been brought to my notice, onf whicho e s foun wa t s showPhysgili a 1d t I n figi n . 9 ., parish 1 Now in S. A. Museum. O VOL. XXIII, 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1889. of Glasserton 2y b |, inchesmeasure4 y d b weigh an ,1 1 s s onl y5 Ib . 2 oz. Other e founar s d which have been a mer woro t e ne dowus y b n stump, 1 s showi suc s a hn fig ni . Thi.10 s axe, whic s originallha h y

Fig. 10. Stone Hammer from Balcraig, Glasserton (11 inches in length). been a very large one, now weighs only 4 Ib. 6 oz., and measures 1\ by 5 by 3 J inches. Axe f thiso s kinl sort .pue al f usedo ar st o r whic sfo hheava y weight and perforation is adapted. A perfect specimen,2 bearing a high polish and

1 Now in S. A. Museum. 2 In the possession of Mr Nicholson, Kidsdale. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 211 effective cutting edge, was found in the farm stable of Clone, Mochrum, attache cora s counterpoiso dt da swingina o t e g lamp; another, equally perfect, s rescuewa 1 coal-hammea ds a fro e mus e far th f Garheugh mo n ri .

Figs. 11, 12. From Machermore and Baleraig. Scale J.

. FigFro13 . m Gillespio. Scale -J-. Fig . Fro14 . m Leswalt. Scale . Stones3 with Circular Depressions e Sides.—th n o These forma numerous and well-defined class in this as in other districts where neolithic implements abound; but the use for which they were intended s extremeli y obscure. Specimen f theso se showar e fign ni . 11, from Machermore, Old Luce, made of granite ;2 in fig. 12, from Baleraig, in Glasserton, of silurian sandstone ;2 in fig. 13, from Gillespie, Old Luce ; 2 in fig. 14, also made of siluriau sandstone,2 from Leswalt parish. possessioe th Marquie n 1I th f no Butef . sMuseumo A . . S n i . w 3No 212 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1889.

4. Stone Balls.—Half a stone ball1 (fig. 15), which when perfect had convex si x facets founs farwa ,e 188 n di th Stellochf m o n 6 i Glasserton ,i n parish. Though frequently recorded in the northern parts of Scotland, I know s a r , firste fa whic thith o occurre s s ,s si h ha n Gallowaydi .

. FigSton15 . e Ball from Stelloch Glassertoy b , u (2j inche diameter)n si .

. Sinkers5 r Weights.—o These have continue untie presene us th l n di t n Kirkcowai n ma d nol inform n s seedayA ha e than . e m sh the t m made, and fig. 17 represents one from Kirkcowau1 that was actually in use on the bottom of a net in the river Eladenock. A comparison of the,, Kirkcowan specimen with fig. 16,1 from Balcraig, will show than i t the modern example the sides of the perforation are vertical, having been bored wit hsmala l metal jumper, wherea anciene th n si t specimen holbeethe ehas n chippe rubbe metaldand of withou dout aid . the t Sinker weightd san e founar sf variouo d sn considerabli sizes d an , e numbers; possibly some may have served as weapons of offence.

1 Now in S. A. Museum.

PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FBOM WIGTOWNSHIKE. 213 . Pundler6 Weights.—When I foun granite th d e ball, depicte1 fign di . 18, it was used as a weight to secure an animal in the stable of Barhullion

Fig. 16. From Balcraig. Scale J. Fig. 17. From Kirkcowan (modern). Scale J. farm. I imagined at first that it was one of the implements described r EvanM y beins b a 2 g principally, thoug t absolutelyhno , confineo t d

Fig. 18. Stone Weight from Barhullion. Scale |. e ancienth t mining districts throughou e habitablth t e- globein d an ;

1 Now in S. A. Museum. 2 Ancient Stone Implements, p. 208. 214 PROCEEDINGS E OFSOCIETYTH . , MARC , 188911 H .

tended for use as a maul, by means of a withe twisted round the groove, muc a blacksmith' s ha s chise e presen s th usei l m t a a d tI day.t Bu . inclined to think now that it is merely a mediaeval weight, such as

Fig. 19. Hammer Stone from Crannog in Black Loch of Myrton (full size).

severa f variouo l s sizes which have since com o handt e . Thie on s a pundle e weighb t i r6 Ibs sf weightI . . 11 oz Jt i bear, singulaa s r PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 215

resemblance to two undoubted maulsJ which came from the ancient copper mine f Arizonao s , U.S.; which shows that analogy, thougn ha indispensable guide, must not be followed blindly. . Bruisers7 Pounders.—d an A very large numbe f theso r e have been

Fig. 20. Hammer Stone from Cranuog in Black Loch of Myrton (full size). collected, not only from crannogs (where they invariably are found in profusion) opee t th als nn bu o,i fields . t easilTheno e y yar detecte d till becomee ey e th s accustome e dise o theloob d t r them ar o -t k nfo t bu , tinguished by the fact that they are generally water-worn pebbles from

1 Sent with it to the S. A. Mnseum. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1889. the sea-shore, and different from the ordinary fractured land-stones. The bruisers show a cranno 1e I picke0 n figsn i th ni 2 .d n p i gu 1d an 9

Fig. 21. Implement from Baldoon. Scale J. Black Loch of Myrton, Mochrum; and another is a pounder of pure white quartz,1 which I also found in one of the crannogs in Dowalton Loch.

. DisFig 22 Stonf .co e from Kirkmaiden. Scale \. In the first two the double action of the hand is traced in the facetted end of the stones, in the last a bumping or pounding motion has left the end roug shatteredd han . . MuseumA 1 . 'SowS n i . PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 217

. Saddle-Querns.—8 s worthi It , notin f thesgo thao e tw tprimitiv e utensils have been found in Mochrum parish. Antecedent probably to the circular quern, and more primitive in design, they have not previously been recorded from Galloway, though doubtless numbers of them only await recognition. These two specimens are each of granite, and were carte roadsida o t d e wit quantita h f otheyo r stonee brokeb r o t sfo n metal werd surfacemane an th ;e y laib knede o m asid wwh r , fo thae I t valued " laboured stanes."

Polishef O Fig. 23 .d Stone fro mCrannoa Dowaltonn gi . Scale f. objecn a s f doubtfui Figo t 2 2 . l use,1 from Kirkmaiden parishs i t I . a dis harf co d stone, measurin g5 inche s across e thickes th § inc, t a h t partwroughd an , bluna o t t t edge roun circumferencee dth . s Figi 3 .2 a rectangular piece of stone,1 3J by 4 inches and half an inch thick. It was found in one of the crannogs in Dowalton; the corners are rounded off, and both surfaces showed traces of having been polished. . 9 Various , represen28 , Objects27 , tf 26 Stone.—o , 25 , 24 Figs. , 21 a collection of implements ? found lying together in the soil of a field in Baldoon, Kirkinner parish. The possiblymay y have bee toola n the sof worker in stone, and show considerable signs of use. 1 Now in S. A. Museum. 2 In the possession of Mr Broadfoot, West Mains.

PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 219

. Whetstones.—10 The neatly formed object f ruddso y quartz, like that from Knockneen (fig. 29), severaf o l which have since been collected and presente Museume th o dt , have been classified doubtfully as whetstones or burnishers. I am inclined to Fig. 29. From Knockneen. think that thee smalar y l slick- stones, as I am informed that they have been used in this district within living memor smooto yt h seam needleworkn si .

. ShalFigs31 , e 30 .Ring s fro Crannoe mth Barhappln gi e Looh (full size).

. KingFig32 . Shalf so e from Dowalton Crannog (full size). . r Shale.—Ornamentso 11 t Je f Nearlyo every crannog hitherto 0 22 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , MARC , 188911 H .

examined has yielded rings and ornaments of jet, cannel coal, or shale. The latter mineral occurs in bands in the northern part of the shire, e object t mosth bu f o tf smateria o appeae b o t lr that must have been imported from Ayrshire or elsewhere. A portion of a very large and finely finished ring,1 from Kirkmaiden parish, gives a diameter of 4J inches for the ornament when complete. d 31 e froe largar an 2Figsmth 0 e3 . cranno n Barhappli g e Loch, explored in 1880 and 1884;'while fig. 32 shows two smaller and rougher specimens, from the crannog in Dowalton. BRONZE. Bronze.—A very fine palstave,2 foun n ploughini d e farth f m o n o g

Figs . Bronz33 . e Palstave from Barr, Penninghame. Scale J. Barr, Penninghame e subjecth s i f ,fig. o t 33 Severa. f similao l r design 1 In the possession of Dr Trotter, Perth. 2 Now in S. A. Museum. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE1 22 .

have been e countryfounth n i d portioa ; s a figi loope f 4 n.o 3 d pal- stave,1 found in Culnoag, Sorbie. smale Th l bronze celt1 (fig. 35), from Stelloch Glassertonn i , vera s ,i y delicate little article I hav s a ,e r and seenfa o ,s , ther nons ei e similao t r it in any collection in Great Britain or on the Continent. Mr Evans assigns it to a late period of bronze manufacture, but it is difficult to say whethe s bee ha smala n t i s r a intende le ornamenn us a r r fo dfo r o t glyptic tool or chisel.

Fig. 34. Looped Palstave from . FigSmal35 . l Looped Celt from Sorbie. Scale \. Stelloch (full size). I nrepresentes i fig 6 commoa 3 . f o e ndon typ f loopeeo socketed dan d celt, almost identical with an Irish one figured by Mr Evans at page 138 s Ancientohi f Bronze, Implements. A fine leaf-shaped sword,1 found in a moss at Dowies, Glasserton, is shown in fig. 37 ; and a similar one,2 from the neighbourhood of Whit- hom fign i , . 38. e speaTh r founs heawa dfign 9 i J3 jamme. d betwee rocko ntw n so the Fell of Barhullion.

1 Now in S. A. Museum. possessioe th n I Df no r Douglas, Whithorn.

224 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1889.

Fig. 40 is a portion of a bronze side-blast trumpet,1 showing part of the mouthpiece, from Innermessan (anciently Kerigoninm ?), parish of Inch. No similar one has yet been recorded from Scotland, but several

Fig. 39. Spear-Head from Fig . Portio40 . Trumpef no t from Barhullion. Scale J. Innermessan(full size). have been foun n Irelandi d e Britisth n i , h somw f whicno o e e ar h Museum. 1 Now in S. A. Museum. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FEOM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 225

A handsome bronze armlet,1 from Barhullion, is the subject of fig. ribbes i t I d . transversel41 y throughou circumferencee th t , save where e freth e end wroughe sar t int e likenesoth f snake-headsso .

. FigArmle41 . t from Barhullion (full size). Fig. 42 is a small button-like object,1 found in Airieolland crannog;

Fig. 42. From Airieolland Crannog. ^. Fig. 43. Bronze Buckle from Genoch. f. and fig. 43 is a plain bronze buckle J or brooch, from the sandhills of Genoch, near Glenluce. 1 Now in S. A, Museum. p VOL. XXIII. 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1889.

Fig. 44, though appertaining to mediaeval rather than prehistoric times, is given as showing a fine specimen 1 of a well-known type of c.ooking-pot. It was found in the drained bed of Dowalton Loch, by a boy who said that it was full of tow, which he threw away.

Fig . Bras 44 .t frosPo m Dowalton. Scale J-. Fig. 45, from Innermessan, is also mediaeval. Two similar vessels2 were foun tura n fdi dik Skeon eo g farm, Whithorn.

POTTER GLASSD YAN . Nothing is more remarkable in this district than the rareness with which pottery (other than sepulchral s beet witha )me nh amone th g remain e primitivth f so e inhabitants numeroue th n I . s crannogs which have been excavated nothing of the kind, except a few crucibles like . MuseumA . S n i . w No J 2 Latelpossessioe th n yi nr Dinnel oM f , Skeog, Whithorn. PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FEOM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 227

that shown in fig. 46,1 and a fragment of Samian ware,1 fig. 47, have been secured.

Fig. 45. Water Ewer of Brass, from Innermessan. Scale -J. Sepulchral urns and " food vessels " (such as fig. 48, from Cairngaan, Kirkmaiden) f commoo e 1ar n occurrence evidenco n t bu , e exists thae th t

Fig. 46. Crucible of Clay, from the Crannog Fig. 47. Fragment of Samian of Airrieolland (full size). Ware, from Dowalton Crannog. e peopllake-dwellingth f o e sf makino possesse t ar ge utensilth d f o s

1 In the possession of Mr M'Cosh, Cairngaan. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAECH 11, 1889. harder pottery, thoug remaine hth s of. vitreous slacrucibled gan s show that they practised the art of making ornaments of coarse glass, and wrought bronzn i r otheeo r metals.

. FigPendan49 . r Sinked o t Re f o r Earthenware from Dunora (actual . FigSepulchra48 . fron mUr l Cairngaan. size). Fig. 49 is a baked globe of red earthenware1 from Dunora, Kirk- maiden, perforate r suspensiondfo .

. FigBead50 . Scarlef so t Glass. -}. Fig. 51. Melon-shaped Bead from Kirkmaiden. J. Fig. 50 represents some delicate beads2 of . scarlet vitreous paste foun Airrieollann i d d crannog figd , froan .51 ; m Kirkmaidenf o e on s i , 1 In the possession of Dr Trotter, Perth . .MuseumA . S n i .w No 2 PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE9 22 .

e ordinarth y " melon" beads,1 whic e foun ar l hove al d r Western Europe, and also in Egypt, Italy, and Greece. They were glazed green, f Komao t anno n f di manufacture , l werevental t ea s co-extensive with Koman occupation.

WOOD. r obviouFo s reasons, wooden objects, excepe structurth n i t f lakeeo - dwellings, rarely survive from prehistoric times d thosan ; e whice ar h

Fig. 52. Beams of Wood from Barhapple Crannog (7 feet 10 inches in length).

found in crannogs or mosses usually go to pieces when exposed to the air. skilfulle Th y worked oaken beam fign si . 52 formed importann para f to t

Fig. Portio53 . Woodef no n Implement from Barhapple Crannog (full size). structure on Barhapple crannog. They had been partially charred by a conflagration, which seems to have destroyed the habitation. The largest of them measured 7 feet 10 inches in length and 19 inches in circumference. possessioe th n Trotterr I 1D f no , Perth. 230 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 188911 H .

Fig. 53 shows an object1 from the same crannog, which has also been charred, and appears to be part of a spoon-like utensil. fros i Fig m4 drawina 5 . g e spoweighta mad th f o tn eo y oaken trough, foun crannoa n o d Dowaltonn gi , whic sincs hha e gon pieceso et ; while fig.

Fig. 54. Vessel or Trough of Oak, from a Crannog in Dowalton Loch (21 inches in length). 55 is a large bowll cut out of a solid block of willow, which was taken out of a moss on Kirkchrist, Penninghame, at a depth of 4 feet, in 1884.

Fig. Larg55 . e Quaich-Iike Vesse Woodf o l , from Kirkchrist (22 inche length)n si . It is, exclusive of handles, 22 inches long, 10 high, and 14 wide. Several other wooden objects have been taken out of the same moss lately. The oaken effigy represented in fig. 56 was dug out of a moss near . Museum1A . NoS wn i . PRIMITIVE IMPLEMENTS, ETC., FROM WIGTOWNSHIRE. 231

Whithorn evidentld an , interioe relia th ys f i c o r decoratio Priorye th f no . It measures 2 feet 8 inches long, and retains traces of a high e possessioth r n qualiti M s i f nf t o artI y o . Johnston Stewart of Physgil.

BONE OE HOBN. Not many articles in this material have hitherto been recovered. A well-formed spindle whorl (?) from the crannog in Arrieolland is shown in fig. 57 ;l a portion of another article2 made of deer's horn, was found during the excavation of St Ninian's Cave, Glasserton, wher mano es y early Christian remains were discovered.3 t resembleI classa f objecto s f whico s h several speci- mens were foun n Bornesi d s Cave, Kirkcudbright, figuree Society'th n i d s Proceedings, vol . platx . e xxi. and vol. xii. plate xxxi., and which it has been sur- mised have been " bone links for fastening dress." It is hardly within the scope of this paper to take notdiscovera f eo f coinsyo t allusiomade b ye , y e nma to an interesting find in a peat moss at Barwinnock, . OakeFig56 . n Effigy. A- paris f Glassertonho , where n 1886 i ,a dept 4 t a f , o h or 5 feet, a leather purse l was exhumed, containing two silver farthings of Alexander III. and a spindle whorl of steatite. The purse unfortunately was torn open by the finder. One of the coinunpublishen a s si d varietr y M ; Cochrane Patrick writes as follows about it in the Numismatic Chronicle* —" The farthings of Alexander III. are very rare, and up to the present

time only one variety has been noticed, _. _ whofl of Bone Qr from e bearinreversth n o ge four mullets Arrieolland- Crannog. £. . Museum1A . NoS wn i . 2 Journal of Anthropological Institute, vol. i. p. 64, and plate ii. fig. 2. (Ne7 13 w . papere p Seriesvole Proceedingsd . Se 3th ix an .voln sf i , o ). 82 vii . p . of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries. 4 Vol. vi., Third Series . 38-40pp , . 2 23 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , MARCH 11, 1889.

of six points. The variety now to be recorded bears one star of seven point thred san e mullet pointsx si f t verI o s . y often happens that e opeth n e centre mullespacth th n f ei eo t gets close accidentallyp du ; but in the present case the coin is in perfect preservation, and the star is quite different in appearance and size from the mullets."