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Download Download II. CROSSES AND ROCK SCULPTURES RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN WIGTOWNSHIRE. BY REV. R. S. G. ANDERSON, B.D., F.S.A.ScoT. CROSSES. 1. Boghouse, Mochrum. — In the end of September 1926, I was told ocrosa f s having bee e far th ne a f byrwalm o th f t see a o eln i n Boghouse, in Mochrum parish, Wigtownshire. The farm steading is at the entrance to the village of Mochrum as one comes from Portwilliam, and on the opposite side of the road from the Parish Church grounds. The cross-slab had been first noted as such by Mr Borthwick, a visitor from London, who was staying with friende districtth n i s . Froe mon of thes I egaine y firsm dt knowledg. it f o e The sculpture was so exposed and so distinct thae wondeth t t beerno nisd notethaha t i td and recorded long ago. Whilst crossing from e farm-housth e caugh o examiney et y tm , eit sigh f anotheo t r stone whicn o ,s carvinhwa f go a running design, built inte sidth oe walf o l e byret neithee th stoneBu th . f o sr coule b d examined satisfactoril thes ya y wery eand; m t ,a request, Mr Goodwill, the proprietor, very kindly consented to allow them to be removed and place Whithorn di n Museum. This donswa ea few weeks late y H.Mb r . Offic f Workso e . On being exposed the stones were found e eveb o nt more interesting than anticipated. Fi£-, ,}• Front of Cross-slab e byre wald th r en ,o l e iy nth is befor la ta aton£-, ,, e A removale HA.H •, i ,1 1 11 ,. ,1 i A at Boghouse, Mochrum, d exposeha a dfac e wito incisetw h d crosses (fig. 1). The cross-slab was of whinstone, 3 feet 2 inches long, by 8 inches wide at its broadest part, by 5 inches thick. It had been cut a,bout by the masons to give it a firmer seat in the byre wall, but happily not to such an extent as to injure the crosses or obscure the 6 11 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1927Y10 . original proportions of the slab. On the front face there were incised the two crosses mentioned, the one above the other—the upper of Latin form and the lower of Maltese. The Latin cross is 1 foot 1 inch in length to the closed end of the shaft; but the side lines are continued below this, an inch on one side, and half an inch on the other. Similar lengthenin e closeth f dgo shaf e observet b endn ca s d on other crossee districtth n i se roc, th e.g., kn o wal l outside St Ninian's Cave. The shaft measures 8 inches below the arms, expanding but slightly from 1 inch in breadte offsetth t a .h Abov e arms th e shaf th , t extends for 3£ inches, and expands to a breadth of 2 J e cros horizontae inchee topth th Th f s .o t a s m ar l measures, over all, 5£ inchest eac expanda d d hen an , o st 2^ inches. The Maltese cross is placed below the Latin cross so close as practically to be touched by the longer side e shaftverticae oth f Th measurem . ar l s 7| inchen i s length, expanding fro e intersectionmth inche3 o t s s at each end. The horizontal arm is 5J inches in length, expanding fro intersectione mth 2o s£t inche breadtn si h at the ends. When the cross-slab was taken out of the wall, it was found tha a Latit n crosincises bace th wa s k n do (tig. 2). This cross is almost 11 inches long and 6| inches over the cross-arm. The shaft is 6£ inches below the Fig . Bac2 . k of Cross- arms, expanding fro e offse th minc1 o 1t t ha t| inch house, Mochrum.°S e end at th textendI . s abov inches3 e arm r th e fo s , expanding to 2 inches at the top. The arms of the cross are each 2| inches to the point of intersection, and expand to 2 inches at the ends. The incised lines definin e threth g e crosse e hackear s d deeply with a chisel, and are almost as sharp and clear to-day as when they were cut. Al linterna e "th l evidence" point lata o est a desigdatee f o Th .s ni style that is characteristic of the eleventh century; and the careless settin rudd gan e workmanship poinperioa o t t d whe e sculptor'th n s e bess th declinit t d n i traditionan er fa s swa forgottent ar e Th . cross may date as late as the beginning of the twelfth century. 2. Boghouse, Mochrum.— Stone " B" , whe(fie 3) gth n f o take t ou n wall e mos, -th prove e t b interestino dt e variouth f go s crosses thaI t have been privilege bringo dt , from tim e e notictimeo eth t th f o t o e, Society. It is a fine example of " the rude stone monuments" that CROSSES AND ROCK SCULFJTURES IN WIGTOWNSHIRE. 117 mark in this district the period of the decadence of the sculptor's art before its revival under Norman influence. The stone is 2 feet 10 inches long, 7 inches broad at the top, and is wedge-shaped, narrowing gradually to 1£ inch at the foot. The thickness varies from 3£ inches to 5£ inches. Like the former cross- slab it is of whinstone, and like it, too, was evidently intended for a headstone. Under a broad border at the top, the front face of the stone shows Fig . Front3 . , Back Sided an , s of Cross-slab t ""a B Boghouse, Mochrum. hammer-headea d cross, wite e centrintersectio th th a hbos f t o a es n e armsfooe o th f thi o Th t .s cros s V-shapedsi fitd san , int oa desig n of cross-broaching that extends for 4| inches further down. The back- ground of the cross is punched, evidently by the same tool that was use woro e othedt t mosth ou kf r o t ornamen e generath f o t l design. On eac he cross th sid|-ince stona f th s ,eo eha h borde hign i r h relief; and on the right-hand side this is continued down past the cross- broachin d soman g e weathered markings that sugges e dragoth t n symbol. This latter ornamen bees wor ha o tdifficul ns w nno thas i t t i t o restort a edefinit e outline detailse cros th th e shaf o f st Th eo .t belo e arm ws beeth ha s n decorated wit angulan ha r twist ornament in at least two of the loops of which are Maltese crosses. Owing 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 10, 1927. o tht e conditio e stonth t presentf a eo n s impossiblf i i t i y , sa o t e there has been further decoration on the arms of the cross, but it has been suggested that ther s somethinei g e uppelik th facea n ro e arm, and that a crucifix may have been intended, the hands being extended laterae onth l arms. The shaft of the cross is 10 inches in length over all; and the cross-arm which merges into the border on each side is 6 inches. On the back of the stone is carved a cross of the Whithorn type. The four bosses that separat e arm th e complete ar e scentr th t ebu ; boss, though it has been marked out, has not been cut down. The e puncmarkth f ho s use o excavatt d e ring th e sharpl ar s y visible. Below the cross-head there has evidently been a panel containing ornament, now badly defaced. The ornament has probably been a four- strand plai reliefn i t . On the right-hand side of the stone there is a twist ornament, outlined by a double strand, doubly interlaced, forming a series of loops arranged vertically. Only the two lowest are now fairly well defined. e lefO th ne stonet th sid f o e, ther s beeha e n carve a drunnin g design, forme a stra y b dp twiste mako dt seriea e f triangleso s e Th . origin of this design is debatable, but the best solution seems to be carelessla s thai t i t y executed attemp produco t t eseriea f Stafforo s d Knots (cf. Early Christian• Monuments, fig. 597 . 232.)p , . Thiy ma s well be, for these knots were used in Cumberland in the Viking period. e serieAlsoth thin f e doubl so o ston e s th , p th sid to f e e o e figurth t a e is almost certainl ya Staffor d Knot. Probabl ya careles d incoman s - petent carver proved unequa copyino t l master's ghi s design correctly, and failed to observe that at b, b, he ought to have gone over and under, and should not have disjoined his straps as at a, a. The work is eleventh century, and probably late in the century.
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