III. THREE CROSSE E SOUTH-WESTH N I S SCOTLANDF TO . By REV. R. S. G. ANDERSON, B.D., F.S.A.Scox.

1. Carleton.—At the farm of Carleton, about two miles south-west of Grlasserton House, Wigtownshire, there has been preserven a d ancient slab with a cross carved on it (fig. 1). Many years ago it was brought from the neigh- bouring farm of Craiglemine. Craiglemine is alread ye discover th note r fo d y thera f o e portio cross-shafa f o n f greeo t n a slate d an , fragmen cross-heaa f o t d with bos circulad san r depression—both mentioned in the Inventory of Ancient Monuments in Wigtownshire, and e Nationath n i botlw Museuno - h An f mo tiquities in Edinburgh. There is no record r traditioo ancieny an f o nt chape r graveo l - yar t Craiglemineda probabilite Th . thas i y t the crosses were carried there from Grlasserton Churchyard, which is little over a mile away. This was no uncommon act of vandalism in the districts round, down to comparatively recent times. The cross-slab at Carleton is a rectangular piece of Silurian sandstone, carefully shaped, Fig . Cross-sla1 . t Carletonba , smoothed back and front, 1 foot 2 inches Wigtownshire. long f inche7 , s broad d Ifan , inch thick. Originally the slab was longer; the lower end bein brokew gno n off, taking cross e shafe wit th para th f t hf i .o t o t reliefw lo Th n ,e i sla abouth cross i b n o st £ inche highTh . drawing is very rude; no two of the arms are of the same shap r length—tho e e length varying from 1-J inc o 3t hf inches from the point of intersection. The full length of the vertical arm of the e horizontath f o 8 inchescros s d 7 i inchesls an , . Whilst the THREE CROSSES IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF SCOTLAND. 267

drawin s rudegi e sculpturth , e work show o mean s n abilite th n yi handling of tools. The desigcrose th evidentls f i sno Northumbriae th f yo n s typei t I . very similar to one found in St Ninian's Cave, illustrated in fig. 8 in the Inventory of Ancient Monuments. The latter cross is much the better in s drawingit s probabli d an , f slightlyo y earliere datedate th f Th eo . Carleton cross may be tenth century, or a little later. From its slimness, and also its present condition, it may be concluded t mean headstona no tha r s slae fo t tth bstandinwa a r eo g monument. l likelihooal usegrave-covera s n I s dwa a t di . 2. Glasserton. e crossTh s a — , show s bee ha n fign, i n 2 . known for many years, having been dis- covered during the renovation e interio oe churcth f th f f o rho Glasserton over thirty years ago. It is recorded in the Inventory of Ancient Monuments in Wigtown- shire on p. 1. So far as I know, t beeye nt illustratedno s ha t i . When I first saw it, the cross- slab, broke twon neglectei y ,la d on the stair-head outside the door of the " loft." It is now preserved in a temporary box in the vesti- churche bulth f eo . e cross-hea e wellTh th f -o s di known Whithorn type f whicO , h Fig Cross-sla. .2 Glassertont ba . so many have been found in the district. In this case the arms of the cross are defined by a cord, formed by two grooves roughly parallel. This cord may have extended down- wards, enclosing a panel. The head has been marked off from the panel beneath by a single incised line. Flat discs fill the hollows between e armsth , whils e concentrio centreth tw t s markey i b t c ou drings . The panel beneath, save for the merest fragment, has disappeared. The greatest breadth of the cross-slab is 17f inches, and the depth from the top of the stone to the incised line above the panel is 14 inches diametee Th largee . th f o r centre circlth n s 4ei ei i inches. The drawing and the workmanship of this monument are considerably below the level attained in the best examples of this type. In all prob- abilit t ybelongi latea o t sr date, e wheskil e th e geniuf th n th o l d an s craftsmen were in decline. A date suggested is the late tenth century. 268 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 192612 L . 3. Fardenreoch, Colmonell, Ayrshire.—When motoring from Glasgow into Wigtownshire last summer (1925), I had occasion to visit a farm near Pin wherry. In the course of conversation with a friend I inquired as to the known antiquities in the neighbourhood. By dint of questioning I learnt that stona ther s eewa e wit e walth th hf o ln carvini t i n go stable at Fardenreoch Farm. This name was familiar, for here Dr Joseph Anderson records tha vera t y fin s founden wa O ston e . ax e my way I stopped at this farm, and found that the carved stone was the fragment of the shaft of a cross (fig. 3). Many year o d thibeeag ha ss n found a hil f lo behinp to e farmnea e dth th r - house, and had been built for preserva- tion into the stable wall. Another fragmen s noticewa t d abou e samth t e t salveds thoughi no d s an , wa tim tt ebu to be still hidden in the dyke of the same high field. The fragment in the stable wall is 1 foot in breadth, scarcely 1 foot in lengts longest, it inches6 t d a h an Fig . Fragmen3 . Crosa f o tt Fardensa - thick. reoch, Ayrshire. The design consists of a rope border t eaca he shaft th edg f ,o ewithi e th n border on each side a loose three-cord plait, and filling the centre, vertically, a twist ornament. The style is a very rare one in Scot- land, but is not uncommon on the other side of the Border. The rope and the plait and the twist are a combination familiar in Cumberland late inth e tenth century. Accordin farmee th o t gFardenreocht a r cross-shafe bace th th f , ko t was plain, but on each edge of the stone there was a similar twist ornament to that carved on the face. greatlm a CollingwoodI . G y . indebteW r M o dt , F.S.A. suggestionr ,fo s as to dates, and for information as to the affinities of the Fardenreoch stone with certain of the Cumberland crosses.