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The Language of Flowers Is Almost As Ancient and Universal a One As That of Speech

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The Language of Flowers Is Almost As Ancient and Universal a One As That of Speech T H E LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS; OR, FLORA SYMBOLIC A. INCLUDING FLORAL POETRY, ORIGINAL AND SELECTED. BY JOHN INGRAM. “ Then took he up his garland, And did shew what every flower did signify.” Philaster. Beaumont and Fletcher. WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS, PRINTED IN COLOURS BY TERRY. LONDON AND NEW YORK: FREDERICK WARNE AND CO. 1887. vA^tT Q-R 7 SO XSH mi TO Eliza Coo k THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED BY HER FRIEND THE AUTHOR. o Preface. j^IIE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS has probably called forth as many treatises in explanation of its few and simple rules as has any other mode of communicating ideas; but I flatter myself that this book will be found to be the most complete work on the subject ever published—at least, in this country. I have thoroughly sifted, condensed, and augmented the productions of my many predecessors, and have endeavoured to render the present volume in every re¬ spect worthy the attention of the countless votaries which this “ science of sweet things ” attracts ; and, although I dare not boast that I have exhausted the subject, I may certainly affirm that followers will find little left to glean in the paths that I have traversed. As I have made use of the numerous anecdotes, legends, and poetical allusions herein contained, so Preface. VI have I acknowledged the sources whence they came. It there¬ fore only remains for me to take leave of my readers, with the hope that they will pardon my having detained them so long over a work of this description , but “Unheeded flew the hours, For softly falls the foot of Time That only treads on flowers.” J. H. INGRAM. Contents. Page Page Introduction. i Tuberose (Dangerous pleasures) . 134 The Rose (Love). 23 Broom (Humility) .... 136 Hawthorn (Hope). 49 PoprY (Consolation. Oblivion) 140 Myrtle (Love). 62 Pink (Pure love) .... 142 Jasmine (Amiability) . 68 Furze (Anger). 144 Vervain (You enchant me) 72 Geranium (Deceit) .... 146 Orange-blossom (Chastity) . 75 Fuchsia (Taste) .... 14? Camphire (Artifice). 79 Almond-tree (Indiscretion) . I;0 Anemone (Withered hopes. Forsaken) . 82 Flos Adonis (Painful recollections) 152 Periwinkle (Tender recollections). 86 Arbutus (Thee only do I love) 154 Weeping Willow (Mourning) 88 Snowdrop (Friend in need. Hope.) rs6 Asphodel (I will be faithful unto death) 94 Cowslip (Youthful beauty) 158 Aloe (Bitterness). 96 Celandine (Deceptive hopes). 161 Mezereon (Coquetry) .... 100 Dead Leaves (Melancholy) . 163 Sensitive Plant (Bashful love) . 102 Heart’s-ease (Think of me. Thoughts) 165 Buttercups (Riches. Memories of Child¬ Basil (Hatred). 170 hood) . 105 Forget-me-not .... 172 Crocus (Cheerfulness) .... io7 Apple-blossom (Preference) . 177 Eglantine (Poetry) .... no Acanthus (The Arts) 181 112 Heliotrope (Devoted attachment). Evening Primrose (Silent love) . 183 Lilac (Love’s first emotions) . 114 Thyme (Activity) .... 186 Magnolia (Magnificence) 116 Cypress (Mourning). 188 Judas Flower (Unbelief) 118 St. John’s Wort (Superstition) 194 Dandelion (Oracle) .... 121 Marvel of Peru (Timidity) . 197 Campanula (I will be ever constant) 123 Rosemary (Remembrance) 200 Hyacinth (Game. Play) 126 Corn (Abundance) .... 204 Marygold (Grief). 129 Tulip (A declaration of love) . 208 Aster (After-thought) 132 Sycamore (Curiosity) 211 viii Contents. Pape Page Hollyhock (Ambition) . 213 Ash (Grandeur) ..... 280 Lotus (Eloquence) . 215 Wallflower (Fidelity in misfortune) 284 Juniper (Protection) 220 The Lily of the Valley (Return of Camellia Japonic a (Supreme loveliness) 222 happiness) ...... 286 Polyanthus (Confidence) 224 Stock (Lasting beauty) .... 2S8 Holly (Foresight) . • 226 Sweet William (Finesse. Dexterity) . 290 Foxglove (Insincerity) . 231 Dahlia (Pomp). 291 Pimpernel (Change) . 233 White Poplar (Courage. Time) . 292 Clover (I promise) . 23s Black Poplar (Affliction) 294 Acacia (Friendship) - . 237 Motherwort (Concealed love) 296 Heath (Solitude) . 239 Cornflower (Delicacy) .... 293 Clematis (Artifice). 242 Aspen (Lamentation) .... 3°° Amaranth (Immortality) • 244 Lemon (Zest). 302 Mandrake (Rarity) . , . 247 Passion Flower (Faith). 3°4 Speedwell (Fidelity) . • 249 Syringa (Fraternal love). 3°6 Narcissus (Self-love) . 251 Andromeda (Will you help me?) . 307 Daffodil (Unrequited love) . • 252 Parsley (Festivity). 303 Iris (A message) - 254 Mistletoe (Give me a kiss) . 310 Violet (Modesty) . 256 Oak (Hospitality) . 313 Primrose (Youth) . 262 Convolvulus (Night) .... 3iS Daisy (Innocence) . 266 Sunflower (False riches) Thistle (Independence). 269 Laurel (Glory). Bay (Fame) . 324 The Lily (Majesty). 272 The Floral Oracle .... 33° Moonwort (Forgetfulness) . 276 Typical Bouquets. 33° The Crown Imperial (Power) 278 Emblematic Garlands . 342 Mignonette (Your qualities surpass your The Vocabulary . 353 cliarms) ..... 279 1 Flora Symbolica. ? HAKSPEARE tells as that “fairies use flowers for their charactery,” and so, he might have added, do mortals, for the language of flowers is almost as ancient and universal a one as that of speech. fThe Chinese, whose chronicles antedate the historic records of all other nations, have, and ever seem to have had, a simple but complete mode of communicating •s 0 ideas by means of florigraphic signs. The indestruct¬ ible monuments of the mighty Assyrian and Egyptian W races bear upon their venerable surfaces a code of floral © © telegraphy that Time has been powerless to efface, but whose hieroglyphical meaning is veiled, or, at the best, but dimly guessed at in our day. India, whose civilization had attained its full vigour whilst that of Greece was in its cradle, has ever been poetically ingenious in finding in her magnificent Flora significations applicable to human interest. Biblical lore abounds in comparisons between'“the golden stars that in earth’s firmament do shine,” and the feelings and passions of poor mortality. Persian poetry is replete with blossomy similes; whilst the mythology of the Greeks has been an apparently in¬ exhaustible storehouse to all authors in search of floral fancies. With the Hellenic race the symbolic language of flowers reached its culminating point of grandeur ; and with the decline of Grecian glory faded away the brightest epoch in the history 2 INTR ODUC TION. of florigrapby. In the eyes of the sterner-minded Latins this innocent study found less favour ; and although they adapted many of their Hellenic predecessors’ legends and customs, in connection with this science of sweet things, to their own my¬ thology, yet so weakened was its hold upon the minds of the people, ’that when, in the course of events, the decadence of the Roman empire arrived, the attractive art was allowed to fade into comparative oblivion. With the revival of learning in the middle ages, this symbolic mode of correspondence once more rebloomed, and, under the especial protection of chivalry, played a far from unimportant part in contemporary history. No c-allant knight or gentle dame could then aspire to good breed- fng> unless perfectly conversant with florigraphy, as then taught; and the names, at least, of many of Europe’s proudest families owe their origin to some circumstance connected with their founders’ favourite blossom. In those days, minsticls and minnesingers sang praises of their mistresses chosen bloom , the noblest knight and gayest squire broke many a lance, and emptied many a flagon, in honour of a sprig of broom, or a bunch of violets, that some fair dame had perchance adopted as her device. Even kings, not contented with their regal crowns, did not deem it derogatory to their dignity to enter the lists in order to do battle for the floral wreaths that beauty proffered as a guerdon for the victor. Thus every age and every clime promulgated its own pecu¬ liar system of floral signs; and although now-a-days, as regards the larger portion of Europe, the language is in many respects a dead one, yet still, amongst several Oriental races, this em¬ blematic style of communication flourishes with much of its pristine importance. “ In Eastern lands they talk in flowers, And they tell in a garland their loves and cares; Each blossom that blooms in their garden bowers On its leaves a mystical language wears.” It has been said that the language of flowers is as old as the days of Adam, and that the antiquity of floral emblems dates from the first throbbing of love in the human breast; and, indeed, to gain a glimpse of florigraphic symbolism, as it ap¬ peared’ in its earliest and freshest vigour, we should have to journey backwards far into the shadowy obscurity which en- I NTR OD UC TION. 3 velopes the antediluvian history of mankind. Phillips, and other painstaking investigators, have, it is true, not contented themselves with general allusions to the unfathomable antiquity of the typical uses which were made of “ Flowers, the sole luxury that Nature knew In Eden's pure and guiltless garden,” but have endeavoured to resuscitate from their long sleep of thousands of years, the irretrievably lost floral systems with which the mighty Indian, Egyptian, Chaldean, and ancient Chinese nations “ wiled away the hours.” Of all peoples, however, of whom we appear to possess any reliable records, the Greeks may be accounted the earliest florigraphists, and they do seem not only to have entertained the most passionate love for flowers, but to have adapted them as typical of every interesting occurrence, public or private. Loudon, speaking of the continual symbolic use made by the Hellenic race of flowers, says, “ not only were they then, as now, the ornament of beauty, and of the altars of the gods, but the youths crowned themselves with them in the fetes’ the priests in religious ceremonies, and the guests in convivial meetings. Garlands of flowers were suspended from the gates of the city in times of rejoicing. the philosophers wore crowns of flowers, and the warriors orna¬ mented their foreheads with them in times of triumph.” We read in Aristophanes that a market for flowers was held in Athens, where vendors rapidly disposed of the baskets of blooms which they proffered to the admiring bystanders. With the natives of ancient Greece, birth, marriage, burial, and every ceiemony of any importance whatever was marked and dis¬ tinctly comprehended by means of its floral accompaniment.
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