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SDSU Extension Fact Sheets SDSU Extension

1975

Living Bicentennial Floral Designs

Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

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Recommended Citation South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension, "Living Bicentennial Floral Designs" (1975). SDSU Extension Fact Sheets. 422. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_fact/422

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SDSU ® Extension

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SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. L iving B □ @®m:i~®m:im:i □ @~ -4- F Ioral D esigns

South Dakota 1976

MT. RUSHMORE-SHRINE OF DEMOCRACY JUSA BICENTENNIAL FOCAL POINT

Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University U.S. Department of Agriculture are to be grown. When growing annuals in ground beds, the soil should be prepared to a depth of 6-8 inches. Ma­ terials such as sphagnum peat moss, leaf mold compost L iving and rotted manure can be spaded or for.kea into the existing soil bed before planting to improve aeration and drainage. Application rates vary with the type of soil you have, but in general you_ can work 2 to 4 inches BD©@ITult@o=uo=uD@~ of organic matter into the top 6 to 8 inches of the plant­ ing area and get good results. Also as the soil is being prepared be certain to work some fer ilizer into the soil and use a complete fe1tilizer such as 5-10-5, or 10-6-4 FIoral D esigns and apply at the rate of 1 to 2 pounds per 100 square feet of floral bed area. By Dean Martin, Extension horticulturist, and James Klett, assista:_t J professor, H orticulture-Forestry Department, South Dakota State University. Formal Flower Beds Formal flower beds may be designed in any size, G1:owing floral emblem displays offer a unique, col­ sJ1ape or form inc.luding squares, rectangles, strips, cir­ orful and meaningful way for you to participate in the cles or stars. The easiest way is to design the bed on Bicentennial celebration of our nation's 200th birthday graph p~per using a scalP of 1 inch on the paper to equal during 1975 and 1976. 12 inches ( 1 foot) on the actual design. This size scale Red, white and blue flowers may be used in many makes it easier to calculate the number of red, white ways as special Bicentennial displays. Yellow or gold and blue and possibly yellow flowers you would need to flowers make excellent borders for plant beds. complete the project. Perhaps the idea of spelling out Individuals, groups, clubs or public and private of­ "HAPPY BIRTHDAY AMERICA" or "SPIRIT OF '76" ficials may want to develop local participation in the may appeal to you. You can estimate the approximate Bicentennial observance through the use of flowers. number of plants needed by making a plot plan for the Suggestions and guidelines for planting designs as size of floral emblem you wish to plant and figuring the well as types of flowers best for use in South Dakota are number of square inches one plant would occupy in the described in this publication. Growing flowers can be floral display. used in many ways for dis_plays other than those dis­ Container Plantings cussed here. Individuals or organizations are urged to In small containers, you '----- might want to use the three~ use imagination and ingenuity. And once you have color idea in a group arrangement. In larger pots you those colorful beds growing in full bloom, remember to could have three plants of the three different colors. record them with your camera! Sizes and measurements For hanging baskets, which are becoming quite provided here are guidelines only. These may be alter­ popular again, you could use a combination of red, ed by scaling for larger or smaller plantings. white and blue flowers. Perhaps a "Bice tennial Hang­ Types of Plants To Use ing Flower Basket" could become a major display theme In most cases, low growing plants such as red, white for your community. or blue ultiflora or grandiflora petunias are good for Larger flower boxes allow for the use of more plants. floral ground beds. Multiflora petunias have smaller Many interesting combinations of red, white and blue flowers than grandiflora petunias but the flowers are flowers can be worked out. more abundant and give nice mass color; therefore, they American F!~g Floral Design / are recommended over the grandiflora petunias for Dimensions of the flag are roughly twice as long as floral emblem displays. Red and white geraniums as wide. The width can be determined by the width of the well as petunias are good annual plants for pots, hang- I 13 red and white stripes. The union or star field is the ing baskets, patio containers and flower boxes for depth of 7 stripes and three-fourths as long as the flag splashes of color. Other low-growing plants which is wide. could possibly be used for floral emblem displays in­ A flag with 1-foot-wide stripes ( rows of red and clude: blue-ageratum and sweet alyssum; white-an­ white petunias, for instance) would be 13 feet wide by nual phlox and sweet alyssum; and red-china pinks 26 feet long. The field would be 7 ~ 10 feet. Make 9 rows and annual phlox. These plants should be used in com­ for stars horizontally ( five rows with 6 stars and four bination to carry out the three-color theme. rows of 5 stars) and 11 rows fbr stars vertically ( six Annual flowers that have been started in the green­ rows of 5 stars and five rows of 4 stars). The individual house and are near the blooming stage are ideal for use spaces for the stars and background in the field would in floral displays. You should make arrangements early '----- be approximately 9}fxll inches in size. w ith your local greenhouse operator for the transplants A flag of this size would take 142 red petunias, 126 you will need to carry out your floral emblem plans. white petunias, 49 blue petunias and 50 white alyssum Soil Preparation for the stars. Yellow dwarf marigolds could be used for Good results in growing annuals depends greatly a border (or gold fringe!) if desired. This border would on thorough preparation of the soil where the plants take 132 flowers at 8-inch spacing. ~

lU ~ 1776-1976 Floral Design X X X XI X --1 This could be made by using block or squared nu­ X I X X I X merals. The number l's could be 1 foot wide and 5 feet X I high. The 6' s and the 9 could be 3 feet wide .and 5 feet X X X XI X I high, leaving a 1-foot square opening. The Ts could be .X X : X X I X I 3 feet wide and 5 feet high. Numerals could be cut out X X X X1 X of sod and planted to white petunias. The design could XtT X X I x--~--1 also be made in bare soil. In this case open spaces could be filled in with red or blue petunias. For just the nu­ X X X XI X I merals for this size design it would take 68 white X X I X X I X I petunias. X X )( X XI X I I I Liberty Bell Floral Design L ____ L ____ _1_ ____J The dimensions for a Liberty Bell emblem could be 6 feet high. The top part could be 3 feet wide (start Flag Star Field 1 Ox7 feet {120x84 inches) with a 3-foot diameter circle), and then flared or belled Each square approximately 11 x9 inches. out to a 7-foot width at the bottom. The flaring should start about 2 feet below the top of the bell. A circle 1 Each broken-line square represents 4 feet or foot in diameter should be made on top of the bell to 48 inches. represent the support. This should be filled with t~e same color flower as the rest of the bell. Bronze colored dwarf marigolds could be used for the bell. The crack should be about 3 feet long and could be made with For best display of the emblems it would be good yellow dwarf marigolds. This would take about 112 to plant them on a sloping site. This could be the back­ plants (6 to 8 for the crack). It would be easiest to slope of a road or highway, some naturally sloping ter­ plant the outline of the bell and the crack first and then rain, or a man-made sloping mound in some prominent fill in the remainder of the area. area of your community.

I I I '----+--- - -, 1 I I I I I I I I - _,_ _J COVER: This is the official I I logo used in the South Da­ kota Bicentennial observ­ ance. I I I r- ---T I I

Each broken-line square represents 12 inches. 13 feet

blue petunias and Suggested plantings: a white alyssum for star field. D white petunias - red petunias

Each broken-line square represents 20 inches. 26 feet

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I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I ._. - I I - - - -, - - - 7 - - - - ,_ ------+-,---•- I I t J I I I I I •* •• * * • -~------r -~------t~t------"---□I r __ _ ••• •• ------___ l ____l____ ------1 ·------I --- [ I I I 1 l I I l I I I i f _...,____--- ~ -- -!- - - __ ___.,_-- -! - - --1-- - - t,----t----·-+----1t----1'---~-

I j l I j I l I l j I l I - I ------□ ------I I I I I ----- I I I I I I _...... , ...... ______,.....,.,.,.., - ...... --- +------I - - I 1 1 l I t I ( I I I I I I ------1- - --:------□--- 1 I I I ------.- ____ ...... _____..,a.;.,. _ -+---+------I --- - Each broken-line square 1 I I I I I I l I : I I I I represents 12 inches. F I -.Jt----....•·--~---,- - - !- - - -+ - - - ➔----+- - : I /. How to Outline a. Large Star /\ l. Mark out a circle about the size of the star desired. I 2. Divide the outline of the circle into five equal parts by trial and error. The distance will be a few inches longer than the radius (half the diameter) of the circle. For a 4-foot diameter circle it would be 28 inches (straight line from one point on the circle to another). For an 8-foot diameter circle it would be 56 inches (straight line from one point to another on the circle). 3. Join every other division point and the resulting fig­ ure shQuld be a 5-pointed star. I 4. The five points co,uld also be located by using a com­ L __ pass to measure five angles of 72 de_grees from the center of the circle. / Star diameter 4 feet. Each square on drawing represents 2 feet. Distance r - - ---vL ~-----~ -7 between points equals 28 in,ches straight line I I from one point to another on the circle. I I I Each broken-line square represents 2 feet or I 24 inches on the star diagrams.

Star diameter 8 feet. Each square on drawing represents 2 feet. Distance between points equals 56 inches straight line from one point to another on the circle. I I / I Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of,.May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperatiion with the l- United States Department of Agriculture. Holli D. Hall, Director of Extension Service, South Dakota State niver­ 1 sity, Brookings. The South Dakota Cooperative Extension I Service offers educational programs and materials to all people without regard to race, color, religion, sex or na- I tional origin, and is an Equal Opportunity Employer. I Reprint 4-75-SM-4394 L - - - - _J -- ~.-...... ~~

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