Socialist lnternational lnformation No.1/81

SOC IA1I ST I ]IIE R]IAI IO]IA1 coltGRESS re80

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Alightin the gloom- T The congress that the held in could perhaps be compared to a beacon at a moment when threatening sfrades of darkness werc closing in on the world. when there was little clear sign that the two sup€r-po,wers were willing to come to a rapid and concrete arrangement to halt ihe nuclear arms racefthe congress put detailed and realistic measures to halt the suicidal course of rearmament before the world was enveloped in a cataclysm. More than one speaker at the congress made the siniple point, which appears to have escaped the attention of many of the world's strategists, that the stockpiling of hydrogen bombs can scarcely be called a race. A race is supposed to haye a winner and there will be no winners if the world sfumbles into a nuclear war. IVhen many of the richest developed countries were meeting in Madrid at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in to register the results of the Helsinki declarations, the representatives of powerful political forces from every part of the globe gathered at the Socialist International congress in session a mile away were reaffirming economic and social rights of universal validity. When the blind forces of the market, backed up b5' the sterile ideologies of misguided monetarists, were keeping the developing countries in penury and millions of working people in the developed countries in hopeless unemployment, our congress declared that economics must always haye a human face.

Willy Brandt,

E

q Socialist lnternational Congress 1980

MADRID

It was amid wars and rumours of war indeed the overfulfilment of the Organisation without politics was point- that the members of the Socialist Inter- hopes- of a decade ago. - Iess, he suggested, and politics without national and their friends from round the But the gathering was less positively the organisation seldom led to results. Lastly world met in Madrid in the middle of Nov- expression of hope deferred. Less than a he warned that unless the International ember under the banner of Peace, Freedom year had gone by since the cooperated with the new forces ernerging and Solidarity. Hope fulfilled, one might had taken the unconscionable step, which from difFerent backgrounds round the world, say, and hope deferred. the Socialist International had condemned it would lose its credibility and its influence. Hope fulfilled in that not even the rnost in unambiguous terms, of sending its troops Brandt's speech was followed by Bert perspicacious of observers could have fore- into Afghanistan. The Soviet action at Carlsson's resume of the work of the cast a decade ago that Felipe Gonzrilez and Christmas 1979 was the beginning of a year International since the last congress. his richly hospitable comrades fn the Partido which was to bring little cheer to socialists The first session ended with the adoption Socialista Obrero Espaflol would be having and which was with the Polish crisis to of six new full members of the Inter- the opportunity to welcome socialists from provide the background to the sombre national. all over the globe to a congress in the opening speech of the International's Presi- That the congress was seen by the capital of their country which had for dent , which followed Felipe Spanish media as one of the foremost hap- many decades been the undisputed play- Gonziilez's speech of welcome as the penings of the moment in their country was ground of the right. congress opened. made clear by the Iarge amounts of space Who would have thought a decade ago 'I do not know what will become of devoted to it by press and television. News- that the rightful king of would be humanity in the I980s', he said, 'how papers of all political persuasions put the SI welcoming a German socialist and former should I then be able to say what will on their front page, the monarchist ABC federal chancellor, the Austrian chan- become of the Socialist International!' featuring a photograph of King Juan cellor, the Swedish general secretary of the From such a sombre opening Brandt de- Carlos' audience with the SI leaders on Socialist International and other notables veloped the argument that the International the eve of the opening. in audience as they with others represented had an increasingly important duty to be- The media saw our gathering as a much our organisation on the eve of its world- come the 'worldwide party of peace'. needed moment of optimism after days wide gathering? He was at the same time realistic about during which they had been underlining the The venue in Madrid was evidence that what the International was and what it difficulties and dissensions which were the hope and steadfastness of the Inter- was not. It was not a superparty and the evident at the Helsinki review conference national's Spanish comrades was amply individual members must decide their own which had been debating at the Palace of rewarded. The symbol of a in a fist courses of action. SI resolutions musl be Congresses, a short distance away from the which was seen throughout the city during seen as no more than recommendations. At SI's deliberations. the eongress made it plain that Spain, which the same time he added that there was Meanwhile behind the scenes eommittees at one time seemed Iocked in the glaciers scope for much more consultation and and working parties were drafting budgets of an outworn politicat ideology, had coordination among parties. and planning resolutions which would be achieved the full political rnaturity that He also pointed out that we were tabled and approved before the congress allows the existence of a sophisticated a poor organisation endowed with a minimal broke up. Robin Sears of and pluralistic way of life. In that sense the capacity which must be ofrset by imagina- Maarten van Traa of the had holding of the congress was the fulfilmeat tion and dedication, particular responsibilities here.

Farine, . Maarten van Traa Mitluo Tanaka, Tamio Kawakami, Masaru Yoshida, Shozo Sugiyama t

llugh O'shoughnesry

The Madrid congress set the tone for the ryorld of &re Sociatist Internatisnal 'lor lhe next two years. Itrerc Hugh O'Saughnesy ol{ers a personal assessment of the mood oI the delegates.

Behind the scenes too, work was going fnternational was reflected in the persons standing ovation at the beginning and at on Io try to find new ways forward on the of the speakers who took the podiurn. It ttre end of his speech was accorded fo Jaime Arab-lsraeli que$ion. Brandt, Eruno Kreis*y was intercsting too see the immediate Paz, the right{ul vice-presideai of Solivia, and Shimoa Peres, the Israeli Labour leader, effect the .vords of the majority of speakers rictim with his runningrnate Heraan .Siles took advantage of the pres€nce ia Madrid had on their listeners. Zsazo ol the military coup in July. Io a of Boulros BouirssGhali, the Egyptian The name of Kirn Dae Jung u/as very simple and direct message he called {or dcpuly foreign minister, 10 agree and an- .often quoted from the rostrurn as from raof,€ corcrete help for third-wodd liber- Boune to delegaies a stateraeat which Brandt to Asukata speaker af,ter speaker atioa moveraentr. The skia grafts ,oa tris applauded the oo peatr made so took hi: fate at tfie hands ol the South face and hands performed oa ilim after an fa: by anil Egyg and which called lor Korean regirne as a t€st case for attern$ on his life showed how much he mor€ progress, wiih.due respect for ?alestin- in Easi Asia. had had to sacrifice for his oryn cause. iaa dghts, The attenlion .which rvery rnenlioa of T&at the Socialist International did not Kim was given by the North l(orean rn€ao lo be passive in the face of lhreats Later in the congress a difierent rmpha- journalists each wi{h their lapel badge against ihose progressive regirnes in ttre sis on lhe sutject was pu1 by a group of of Kirn I,l Sung- a demoastration of, lvest€rn hemisphere which had achieved signaiories led by thc Spanish Socialisis how seriously maay of the regimer of that porper was showa by the action laken after themselves who called for the specific in- region took the attitudes of SI members. 'the intervention on the platlorm of Com- volvemrnt of the ?alestine Liberaiion To say this is aot of course to pret€nd andant Bayardo Arce, of the leadership of Organisation in the peace-making process. thai Kim's views of democracy have rnuch, the Sandinista rnovement. Fifteen SI per- There was no gainsaying the fact that or indeed anything, to do with the tolally sonalities, headed by Brandt, have, it was the membership of the Socialist Inter- persoaalised form of practked by announced ai Madrid, formed an inter- national is not yet at one on lhe whole the Pyongyang regime. national committee for the defence of lhe issue of Arab-Israeli relations, a fact nhich The sarne imrnediate reaction was to be Nicaraguan revolution. clearly gives the opportunity for a great found to speakers frorn . As the fiaa! resolution was approved oa deal of useful inlercirange arnong fraternal Guillerrno Ungo of the Movirniento Sunday 16 Novernber and delegates started parties. Delegates were conscious o{ the Nacional Revolucionario, who reported oa dispersing in the cool autumn air of a special circurnstances of the lsraeli party the turbulence in his country melancholy Madrid, they took away an al a :morrenl when general eieclions seerned as lhe extremists of the right tried to roll unequivocal messag€ from lhe congress to be on the horizon ia Israel. Nevertheless back the tide of change, was given a warm despite the shadows which surrounded it. it is ualikely that Madrid will be the last welcome. Sirnilar warmth was extended to Fclipe Gonziilez summed up {he rnood as occasion on which lhe role aad status of Carlos Gallardo of , who faces he commented: 'We must show the strength the PLO will be tableil. the sarne thr€ats to his life from right- of the position of socialists from all over As the debate proceeded on arms control wing terror squads in his counlry as Ungo {he rporlcl . . . A timid, lukewarm a{titude and disarmament, North-Ssuth relations, the does from extremists in El Salvador. by the Socialist lnternational woulil only principles of the SI, human rights, em- The third brave rnan from Latin America prcduce the efect of a feeling of abandoa- polyment, and equality, it was had to be accornmodated on the podiurn ment for rnany polilical forces who are fascinating for the observer lo see how ilh€n the rnedical,treatrnent he was under- fighting for the freedoa of their couatries the new extra-Europeaa world role of the going in his hote:l room would allow it. A aad for democracy',

Alfsnso Gl*rs

I r Socialist International Congres 1 980

II. The Socialist International is holding its fifteenth congress in Madrid, a great city TESIITGTffiES with a great past. And what hopes and fears and fresh expectations are conjured up when we hear the name 'Madrid,! I salute the citizens of Madrid, the Spanish nation and the peoples of Spain! AHEAD I give my thanks to Felipe Gonzrilez r and to all his friends for the kindness and hospitality shown to us here. What we are experiencing today, with gratification and emotion, is the shaping of a democratic system, the struggle to bring about a decentralisation of power and participation, the political modernisation Willy Brondt of a society long forced to lie on the pro- crustean bed of dictatorshipl Only after the antiquated and authori- 1t j1,",y"9,.id.co3s1ess. witty-B-randt, pre-sident of the Sociarist rnternationar, tarian regime had retreated was the Spanish pointed to the tasks facing socialists at a time of world crisis. Here follows the nation able to demonstrate just how much keynote speech he delivered. maturity and sense of political responsibility it really possesses. And although this new L Spanish international arms rac€ and, by that, to help democracy did not spring to life in I do not know what will become of in overcoming world hunger. an age of economic prosperity and soon humanity found itself in the 1980s. How should I then There are many things to add to this shouldering many of the mort- be able say gages of past decades, proved to what will become of the elementary demand: not only demands on it has capable Socialist International! others, but also on ourselves. within a few years of winning the confidence Yet that does not free us from the obli- Of one thing there can of neighbouring countries and indeed of the gation be no doubt. to think about our goals and about When the issue at stake lies in mankind's whole world. It has gained their confidence the opportunities which we as a future and welcome partner in Western have - as very survival, it will not suffice for the individuals, as political parties and as an Socialist International to adopt resolutions Europe: as a partner bearing European and international international responsibilities. community of democratic however good these r.ray be. What we socialists - to face up to the uncertainties need to disseminate is the will to reverse Ample proof of this rnay be seen in the threatening- mankind and to avert the lethal the march of events. Those who do not choice of Madrid as the venue lor the dangers ahead. second want to see nations being armed to death followup conference to the Con- _We are, above all, the worldwide party must do much more than hitherto ference on Security and Cooperation in peace. to of And for that reason, our lore- unmask the pretences made about security. Europe. That meeting in our immediafe most object must be to use our influence And. they must prevent technology vicinity deals, under painful starting con- gtop from to the major powers from pursuing the winning the race against politics. ditions, with a subject very close to the hearts of all of us, whether we come from Europe or from elsewhere. The Partido Socialista Obrero Epaflol ranks among the oldest members of our family of parties: its founder, pablo Iglesias, was one of the founding fathers of the International of 1889. The fine traditions of this party, its contributions to the political culture of the nation, its forti- tude even in defeat and its sacrifices !X*g[*.rlntenw,ffi for freedom- represent -a commitment for all of us. And our confidence in the further expansion of the free system in this country I rests in particular on the role which falls to democratic socialists. A great deal depends on their sense of responsibility for the whole of Spain. In this geographical venue, our thoughts never stray far from the other part of the Iberian peninsula. It has long since been nobody's secret that we took a close interest in the developments in at a time when others seemed to have written off the cause of democracy there. Portugal has had a dimcult time since its revolution, and it will certainly still face considerable difficulties in the future. For this reason our friends there should bear in mind now more ttran ever - that we haye no -intention of leaving them to their own devices. III. Almost exactly four years have gone by since we gathered for our congress in to deliberate upon a new start for the Socialist International. Since then our community has gained in significance. All continents and many countries in the i; world are represented here today by dis.

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J", 6 Irl lr-.- tinguished delegations, who have a historic We are passing through a period of time jristice and solidarity. And we shall have to legacy to contribute to our proceedings. in which people in many parts of the world demonstrate as convincingly as possible that And they want to play their specific role in look with apprehension into a future ap- socialism for us is synonymous with a wide oraler to cope with the urgent problems of parently filled with uncertainty and menace. measure of vital democracy. the world. That does not inevitably imply that the con- The social-freedom movements, of which Influential political groups, particularly servatives will make gains. Nevertheless, we we form a part, have no doubt played their from the Third World -- who, unlike our- ought not simply to thrust aside the altered role in bringing about innumerable changes, selves, did not originate in the workers' circumstances, but to consider with each not only since the last century but also movement of the last century have come other how to tackle them. since the last generation. But, unless problems- I am along to tell us of their and In certain situations and societies, it very much mistaken, the mandate for demo- hopes, to describe how they see things and costs a great deal of effort to safeguard cratic socialism has always remained: to to ask for our support. I bid them welcome what has been achieved without losing our strain every muscle in the fight to make here in Madrid and offer them our partner- credibility. Moreover, the struggle to bring sure that man will never more be ground ship. about reforms is not confined to material into the dust by his fellow men; that man Governments and organisations from all gains, will never more be abused and exploited; over the globe have sent representatives or Thirdly, we do not really know whether that man will never more face the threat observers maintain contact to with us. I to laugh or to cry about how some high- of annihilation. extend a cordial welcome to them. We look minded speakers assume we have an In our Declaration of l95l we forward to meeting them, as we do to said that journalists enormous capacity for active material sup 'socialists would struggle to achieve from all countries. port, even in arms, while others imagine a world of peace in freedom, a world which naturally gives reason for All of this us wealthy enough to distribute subsidies outlawed the exploitation and the oppres- gratification. long Yet I must not dwell too around the world. In reality, we are a poor sion of people by people and nations by greetings, pass on an exchange of but on organisation endowed with a minimal nations'. This challenge has remained very to my theme: our Socialist International as capacity. Moreover, that capacity may not much a matter of topical concern. the worldwide party of peace. It must allow put even always have been to its best use. IV. this claim to serve as the yardstick of its Our task, then, must be to ofrset material achievenrents. weakness by imagination and dedication. At our congress in Geneva in November opinions Needless to say, an exchange of Coordinated initiatives by parties, group's 1976 we pointed out in the resolution on parties has and experience between our and individuals can provide an effective the political situation that we did not dispute greater con- assumed even importance. It means supplementing the efforts made the. significance of the superpowers for the parties of stitutes an exchange between either by the conferences of the International. progress of detente. But we refused to related to each other or linked by firm Even so, I feel I must recall to mind acc.€pt a division of the world into two bonds of friendship. In many cases, this the old experience which so many of us immovable and opposing blocs and, with has taken place with the intention and have already made: organisation without them, the risk of dangerous confrontation. opportunity of conducting a dialogue design- politics is pointless, politics without organ- The dangers have become even more ed to help the search for common solutions. isation seldom leads to results. What we obvious now than a year ago. The negative But that raises questions which not only need is more solid foundations and that atmosphere hanging over North-South prob- others put to us, but which we should also means also improved finances. The vice- Iems has made itself felt with partiiular be asking ourselves in a spirit of genuine presidents and the party chairmen must sharpness. gap self-criticism. How wide may the become bear in rnind that they have an additional In the , the elections have between expectation and achievpment? What duty between this congress and the next come and gone. So even that is no longer decisions? stance do we adopt on our oirvn one. That should not be construed as a a reason for the two superpowers to remain get And what backing do we in our own sombre threat, but rather as a friendly wrapped in silence towards each other. countries and in our parties for what we invitation. Some people see detente as finished. They condemn deem deliberate upon or or That brings me to my fourth point. We point to Afghanistan, the victim of an correct in our capacity as an international have undertaken greater efforts to spread intervention we emphatically condemned community? our influence beyond Europe and beyond just as the United Nations did. They point- This brings me to four observations which the industrialised states. I realise that these to the virtual deadlock in the efforts to Socialist I would like to make on what the efforts have only met with success. In some control armaments. And they point to the Internatronal is and what it is not. And regions, we have accomplished more than in paralysing problems facing the Conference perhaps I should add: what it might become others. Yet we all remain aware of one on Security and Cooperation. greater if we made a effort. hard fact: without more profound co- Yet let us take a closer look. The CSCE Firstly, the Socialist International is not operation with the new forces emerging became a milestone in the postwar history a superparty. Any attempt to make it into from a thoroughly different background to of Europe. Naturally, it could not trans- one would be suicidal. Every party should, our own in many parts of the world, the form everything for the better at the wave and indeed must, decide on its own course International will lose its credibility as well of a magic wand. There has policies. been a great of action and its And it must do as its capacity to help in shaping the deal of disappointment. so in the light of the different conditions, future in any way at all. And we accom- The excessive terminological zeal, from the legacy of the which, after all, flow plish these efforts as a partner and not as a verbal maximalism followed by verbal com- the past. rival of the nonaligned. promises with which the Final of parties' independent policies Act The various European socialism is not an export item. Helsinki is burdened may have created cannot be called into question by any reso- And the regional cooperation on which so itlusions which were bound to be disap- lutions adopted by the International. When much hinges can, rule, look pointed. Moreover, justifiable .parties, as a only and realistic applied to these resolutions can forward to a promising future if it rests expectations have not been fulfilled. yet serve as recommendations. But it is only on the firm will to tap and concentrate nobody could seriously have expected a deliberations held of course welcome if the one's own resources. handful of peace documents, however noble International within the framework of the In my opinion, we must make a fresh their intentions, to brush away once and parallel the are matched by attitudes on endeavour and attain clarity in our own for all deep-rooted ideological differences. part participating parties. of the minds as to what links us together across The balance sheet is, in fact, not as bad. point exists a My second is this: there our different continents and cultural tradi- Peace in Europe was strengthened during great need for consultation and for exchange tions by way of common values and con- the 1970s. As a result of theirgarticipation in and, in many areas, a coordination victions. We must attempt this, however in the Helsinki process, the responiibility - Moreover, this need is expanding. substance. much we may rely on our established of the United States and Canada for the After all, we find out time and again customs and however different the back- future of this continent has taken on a how difficult it becomes to sever domestic grounds of our efforts are. new dimension. policy from foreign policy. If that is so, At this congiess. we shall also have to I come from a country where we know then experience govern this must our co- talk about the work to be done on a what the alleviation of human hardships operation more than ever. This may be programme and on a new fundamental negotiated in the early 1970s has come io reflected in special discussions such as we declaration of principles, I believe that a mean. With that in mind, it was all the have conducted policy on emplpyment and major role in this must be assigned to the more bitter recently to experience measures policy. which we shall conduct on energy basic values in life: peace and freedom, objectively discriminating poor people. The I $ocialirt lnternational Congres 1980

common interest shown by the two German Let me, at this point, make something output in the poorest countries now states in detente and stability an interest perfectly clear. Wherever we bear the re- so desperately- short of food and- even which survived the fust half- of this year sponsibility of governmental office, we ad- enable them to achieve self-sufficiency.- almost intact - seems to have suffered here within the framework of responsibility Those who censure the states of the from the impact of the Polish workers' to the rule of strict noninterferenee in the Third World because of their growing role movement. affairs of other states. Similarly, the Social- in the arms race should remember that the It is, however, equally tru€ to say that ist International does not poke its nose into Iargest concentration of weapons, the core the CSCE process cannot be viewed inde- matters which do not concern it. Moreover, of the arms race, is to be found on the pendently of the strains of the international the International will not allow anyone to European continent. Moreover, the big r political scene. In the light of the experience tempt it on to thin ice by means of pro- business in weapons (including those sold to gathered in Belgrade three years ago, in vocations. Having said that, I must hasten the developing countries) is transacted by spite of all an attempt should now be to add that vr'e would be acting like the the two superpowers and other industralised undertaken here in Madrid to concentrate eunuchs in a harem if we permitted anyone states of the North. as much as possible on the concrete details to entertain any doubts about our sym- In the Middle East, and are of the improvement of human relations and pathies! locked in battle. This war could turn into the alleviation of individual hardships. But As democratic socialists, we cannot re- a major conflagration and threaten to certainly progress will not be possible main indifferent when workers speak up destroy the whole fabric of the entire region. against the will of certain states. about their interests; when people put for- This conflict is supposed to have started It would seem advisable to promote more ward a claim to their rights; and when they without any string-pulling from outside. active cooperation in the fields of energy wish to express their opinions without That may well be, but let us not forget the and the environment, this to include the hindrance and engage in a dialogue with weapons. Those who line their pockets with convening of special conferences. Such a others. No, that cannot be a matter of the proceeds of selling such weapons turn a method may also be suitable for improving indifference to us! blind eye to the destruction wrought by the quality of what is known as confidence- v. their use. building measures. This method could also The causes and inspiration for the arms help to bring about a European disarma- When we turn to the subject of arma- race in the Third World must be largely ment conference in line with the ideas of ments, then our concrete and urgent expec- sought in the industrial states both in several governments. tations lie above all in the direction of the East and West. Deliveries of- weapons Europe will still have a role to play if it Soviet Union and the United States. They present a distorted picture of the necessary recognises its responsibility and seizes its must negotiate and conclude suitable agree- transfer of technology between North and chances. I am no neutralist: I do not argue ments. South, and they run in the completely in my part of the world for detachment If the powers with the largest, most opposite direction to the goal of setting up from the United States. But I, together sophisticated and dangerous arsenals do not a new international economic order. with many others, have been advocating provide an example, then the worldwide The link between disarmament and European unification for a long time now arms race at present costing over a development is becoming a cardinal point in and thus also a wider measure of responsi- billion dollars- a day will speed up even international politics. In the sphere of East- bility of our own for the affairs of the more. We have already- made the simple West relations, it may turn out that the world. but disquieting point elsewhere that weapons policy of detente will not survive the 1980s I also happen to believe that a successful do not make mankind safer, only poorer. if the various protagonists behave according- meeting here in Madrid, which does not get And we have drawn attention to the blatant ly. Yet the alternative would very probably deadlocked over recriminations but makes contrast between the huge scale of spending be a catastrophe in some form or other. a clear step forward, could assume great on armaments and the pitifully small For a relapse into would signify importance for political developments amounts of money available for conquering much more than merely a return to the during the next few years. I call upon all hunger and distress throughout the world. ominous situation in the 1950s. Since then, those in positions of responsibility to wield International expenditure on arms at the arms race has led to a series of poten- their influence still to make such a de- present amounts to 500 billion dollars a tial war situations, and these in themselves velopment possible. year: the allocations for public development pose an immense and additional threat to The Conference on Security and Co- aid make up less than 5 per cent of that security in an age of heightened tension. In operation in Europe might also develop as sum. A mere f per cent of the yearly spend- such circumstances, the machinery of war an exemplary model for the safeguarding ing on arms would be enough to purchase, involves the danger of an armed conflict of peace and for cooperation in the world. until the end of the decade, the farming being triggered by the technocrats if a The creation of similar instruments in other machinery needed to improve agricultural general lack of trust prevails. And what is regions could furnish an important con- tribution towards avoiding or limiting crises Saburo Tsukamoto, and conflicts. Hanako Watanabe I Perhaps it will be possible via the long * route of detente ensure, by their adop- il! to tion of a more liberal approach in domestic tr policies, that East European states are no r= longer in jeopardy regarding their external .l! rJll mobility. From the standpoint of the leaders in those countries, inner controls and stabil- ity or what they deern to be such form- the prior condition for external co-- operation. Their foremost interests are different to those set out in 'basket three' in Helsinki. Yet certain processes might have created much more difficulties if the incipient moves towards an all-European peace settlement had not taken place. We have been watching with much emotion the developments in and noting with respect the broadly speak- ing moderate but consistent- manner in which- workers have asserted their demands. Both sides have so far succeeded in pre- venting a national misfortune. It is our hope tha,t others who feel concerned about this development'will continue to resist the t temptation to be guided by dangerous ideas. #ii. I ffi 6- the cold rvar if not a condition of ffourish- To Jhis must be added the crises under- But we have not been able to bring about iag distrust? goae by the world's economy. In rnany lheir release. But we have an additioaal Any of the numerous political storm indusirial societies unemploymenl, inflation legitirnation ia reminding the {Jnited States eeflircs outdde Europe could plunge the and a fight for a bigger slice of the econ, of its aluiy for example, in helping to *orld into a global war if East-West rivalry omic cake are threat€ning social equilibriurn preveat judicial- murder in (orea. were to mount. lUith that in rnind, we on a scale ilol seen since long ago. The I would now like to tBrn to some regional should not be led astray on points of sub- developing countries are zuffering even problems where we can perhaps assist in stance. However painful setbacks may SIeat€r distress. The crisis is adding to their reaching a solution. prove, they do not coastitute a reason for misery, They are now less able than ever To begin ryith, we should encourage all retreating. What we must make sure of is io help themselves. Many of thern lack those, such as our friends in and that we are on our guard against wishful food, energy indeed the very necessities elsewhere, who are untiring in their efforts thinking. A matter of equal importance is of life. - to find a peace settlement for Afghanistan not to lose sight of the goal of maintaining Regional crises are also proliferating. As based on keeping that country intact and peace. these involve the major powers, that creates nonaligned. If we are to safeguard world peace and a further threat to world peace. The list is And then there is Africa with its simmer- also to find the str€ngth for a balance of too long for me to recite in full. The ing leftovers of a colonial past in the interests between the industrialised and the political forces united within the Socialist southern part of the continent, upheld by developing countries, then there will have International have been able to provide reactionaries who are even prepared to shed to be a reduction in tension and as much their good offiees on more than one oc- blood. If the right lessons are not quickly practical cooperation as possible. casion in the past, and there will be no drawn from th€ success attained in Zim- We need arms limitation in order to lack of such goodwill in future, either. babwe, everything can still remain at risk. prevent the world from literally arming We are committed to helping the victims The issue at stake is no longer merely itself to death and also to be able, in the of arbitrary rule. We have undertaken to freedom for , even though that is not too distant future, to use the resources alleviate the misery of the waves of refugees now long overdue. To my way of thinking, thereby released for development purposes. set in motion by the genocide committed we in the Socialist International ought to The leaders of the two superpowers must in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. We have agree on embarking on a new initiative for cornprehend the enormous sweep of their undertaken to help the victims of racialists 1981. responsibilities and act accordingly. At any in Africa or of insolent generals and As for the Middle East, we have long rate, they must do what has to be done if despotic bureaucrats in other parts of the stood side by side with those keen to bring their actions are to become mutually more world- about a durable peace settlement. We are predictable and more credible. In our struggle for humanity and for also willing at the right point of time to To our way of thinking, detente is persecuted individuals we do not first ask make a fresh effort to bring about a secure rational: it turns upon joint interests. about the label of those who infringe human existence for Israel, to realise the rights Detente is not the outcome of a process, rights or trample them underfoot. Experi- of the Palestinian people and to promote but in fact an ongoing and contradictory ence has taught us that help is sometimes the conclusion of peace treaiies within and process in itself. The issue at stake is not only possible if we forgo publicity. The with this region. the settlement of technical questions, how- essential thing is th€ matter in hand, and In the East€rn Mediterranean, both ever important that may be in individual in this case that means individual human and belong to NATO. cases. The issue at stake is that of asserting beings. We surely also agree that our parties Yet this is no guarantee that the enough political will to bring about a in countries concerned endeavour forcefully renunciation of the use of force will persist. Iimitation of arms and, if possible, dis- to couateract manifestations of exlremism" Such an agreement ought to be possible and armament. be it xenophobia, antisemitism or any other this would have to include the We should leave no-one in any doubt form of inhumanity. issue. We send cordial greetings to our as to where we in the Socialist International Let us give no-one a chance to say we friends in both countries. We send them stand on these rnatters. And I do hope that are blind in one e1e. No-one will convince in particular to our friends in the Republi- lhis congress will make that eveq clearer. rne of the need to have a certain number can Peoplers Party unable to corne to of victims before we take vtr. action. In Iran, Madrid. My wish is that they will soon be where nothing can be done about the head- in a position to play an active role in help- The deteri,oration in international relations on clash between two civilisations and ing to set up a democralic system in iheir during recenl months has brought the world cultures however much armameRt may country. And my hope is that the generals to the brink of a catastrophe on rnore have been- made available fiave done will be wise €nough to make that possible. than one occasion. our best to help the Arnerican-!we hostages. And last, but by no means least, let me say a few ryords about Latin America. We Whchnewski, Chista Ranzio-Plath, Karsten D, Voigt have made many good friends over the years in South Arnerica, Central America and the frieads and also part- ners, who expect something- of us and who must noi be disappointed. Nonetheless, our Latin American friends themselves must decide on the form and substance of their regional coopexation. We sthers must remember that there are not just in Latin America but also military dictatorships which, together with financially powerful corporations from abroad, tend to regard entire states as their private domain. The true significance of the events in has apparently not yet been understood everywhere. Otherwise it is ilifficult to comprehend the sad de- velopments taking place in , Guate- mala and El Salvador. All those in , , and elsewhere willing to stand up for and make sacrifices for democracy and freedom can continue to count on our sincere and sympathetic under- standing as well as our willingness to pro- vide active solidarity. We appreciate what is al stake in Latin America. We shall never reconcile our- selves to the tule of cynicism and lawless- Socialist lnternational Gongres I gB0

ness. Nor shall we reconcile ourselves to a hand. Let us plunge into the heart of the American friends in Washington unilateral imposition of influence. We seek in early problems and do what can be done. That December when the subject will be thl no quarrel with Washington nor with the would accord with the christian democrats best of socialist experience gathered by social democracv in in Etrrope. But be that traditions. Europe. as it may, we cannot abandon Similarly, friends of ours fiom our support If we are to safeguard peace or even Asia for the forces of freedom. to and the.Pacific plan to hold an im_ avoid serious economic setbacks. we shall portant regional meeting. require not only a willingness, but also a One of our main tasks in future will be capacity to overcome ' As have acute crises through_ the attempt- to bring together the experi_ I already pointed out, North- out the world. What the people South relations have in Noith ence gained from industrialisation in de- worsened still further. and South, East and West practical nied are veloped states and that gained from de_ Too many decision makers still think in confidence-building terms power measures which produce velopment in Third World countries. As of and state or economic concrete results, defuse superiority. the political climate we have known for some time, democratic and promote international understanding socialism What we need in the light of the is no longer confined to certain manifest through cooperation. countries origin. dangers is a serious attempt to distill such of l,Ioreover, what was The 1980s will confront us with a clear_ good for one set of nations common interests as challenge us to act cut choice need not between two alternatives. One necessarily be good for another. The together and to forge fair compromises of these task without will be marked by uncurbed rivalry is one, of translating into practice pluralism simply sweeping the existing con- between the major poweri, prior flicts under the carpet. the rights and civic freedoms, rights of co-determina_ of the stronger, the ruthless puriuit of 6wn tion and claims For two years, I acted as Chairman to self-realisation under the of an interests, a short-sighted egoism, a lack of given economic, independent commission set up, inter alia, cultural and political cir- understanding for the positlon of others. It cumstances prevailing to work oul a fair pr,rgra.me reforms. in different states and of will also be marked by rigidity of thought regrons. We did not involve the Socialist Inter- and repression and ideological blindness. Let me illustrate national. But I arn pleased to see that our that with a single ex- The choice of such an avenue of approach ample. We Europeans cannot parties have drawn substantially on the would elevale the mean continuing the armi- race. pluralism customary in our parliamentary report of the Brandt Commission in both stepping _ up the East-West conflict and democracies to the status being national and international contexts. And I bringing of the soll relations between North and South valid model of . yet assume the congress will also do so. to boiling point. The end could not fail to naturally, there can be no socialism Priority should be given to four central be chaos. in freedom unless there is also pluralism. objectives for the next five years: firstly, a And The other path and one which we however important large-scale transfer of resources to deveiop- and fundamental the must take in the -interest of the young principle industrial ing countries; secondly, a reliable supply of generation of democracy' may be, is the one which leads to i it will have a different appeu.an". energy at reasonable prices; thirdly, a global world of rational- in a food programme -mass balance, a world of help- state like or the Federal Republic for overcoming ing ea.ch other through sound cooperation hunger; of to that in a countrv whose fourthly, major structural reforms as well as through a recognition of the international andpercep. industrialisation only dates back- a few and tion of common interests. years. the institutions concerned with questions of What can we do as the Socialist Inter- I hope we can learn more development finance; we must ihrust aside national from each to contribute our part to this goal? other and work out new perspectives any erroneous belief in the omnipotence of We set ourselves three goals to- market in Geneva gether. In that way, the Socialist Inter- forces, and we reaffirmed them in : At the beginning year, .global national s.ill also renew its vitality as an of next serving peace by developing cooperation intellectual negotiations' are due to take place within force. And that would certainly between East and West; helping io over- be a good thing. the framework of the United Nations. We come the North-South conflict; promoting hope agreement can be reached soon on a human rights and reembodying this in oui IX. reasonable procedure. And we hope that the programme. I would like to conclude by voicing expectations of the developing countries That is the course my of action we wish to thanks. Great confidence has been piaced will not be dashed, that coherent negotia- continue. This, in turn, has several impli- tions place in me over the years and I have experi_ will take on the most important cations. It means influencing public opinion economic enced much friendship and help. Oui co- and financial issues where pro- in our countries and helping those whom gress is possible. operation has been a source of great satis- we represent to make their views and inter- faction to At the world economic summit confer- me. I feel it has taken us all a ests known. It means endeavouring to step forward. ence to be held in Canada next year, the My sincere thanks then to all obtain a regular flow of information and who have played a part. leading industrial nations including guidance, remaining open-minded towards As I have already mentioned, will be able to demonstrate their constiuc- fresh ideas the initia- and capable of developing those tive undertaken by our community tive approach to the justifiable and under- we inherited. has also It means mobilsing the young created a fresh set of problems. And standable expectations of the developing generation on all continents there I countries. with theii is more th_an one possibility for improve_ Prior to that, however, a number dreams for a more peaceful and equitable !rtl!! ment. At the same time, we must heed the of concrete measures will be necessarv in world. Finally, means endeavouring it more advice to remain level-headed. The situation order, for example, to counteract the alarm- than hitherto to take coordinated iniiiatives ing payment difficulties experienced is by no means such that the democratic *l: by a wherever opportunities arise. The frame- socialist parties growing number of developing countries. are all buoyant and success_ work of our organisation remains modest, ful at the polls. It is also to. be hoped that early FJ in even when we have to embark upon reason- B.ut my final summer 1981 a consultative summit meet- wish today is this: may the able progress. But we still have our greatest spirit of ing will take place between heads of govern- _solidarity continue to stamp our 6ll( assets, our wealth of ideas and our utter rnent from work and our life. In a world bursting with North and South in an attempt dedication and these are what we must .1,*N problems, new and arduous tasks to bring a positive influence to bear on put to use! - ar6 sure negotiations conducted to lie ahead of us. The last two decades of within the frame- This congress will carry out some the s$ of this century will demand of all who bear work of the United Nations. I attach great important preliminary work to establish importance the political responsibility decisions whose im_ to this initiative on the part of basis for a common programme. Substantive and prove mense sweep is hard to assess. f$ . It may to be and we_ll formulated papers have already of importance Yet there seems no need for us to lose to find out in this way, with- been submitted on the key subjects of peaci f$l out the ballast of mammoth conferences, in our courage. Through the long corridors of 'D;$ keeping, North-South relations and human what spheres practical their history, social democrati and demo_ $rs of cooperation con- rights. Further substantiye work is in pro- Kd..( crete progress can achieved relatively cratic socialists have achieved manv out_ li$I be gress in various parties. What also fast. I have standing successes. On the basis of a firm in mind in this context is the pre- strategy and common approach, we can step forward nii. selted bV our Dutch friends on employment t+lr vIIr. -probably and meet the fresh challenges treaO o". (+-* policy. Regional cooperation will Is there any prospect Testing times lie ahead of us. at all of a future also produce significant findings. Anothei -s4 in which life will be worth living? My reply This will need all our forces. But what "fi$ item though outside the framework i$ to that is as follows. of could be. more rewarding than the struggle Let us not wallow in the Socialist- International may prove sorrow as of for freedom- and justice and solidarity if the end of the world were at great interest: a conference- fJr- a U to be held with world not of barbarity, but of peace! ffi, ;it BE -E

I

i gress defined the continuation of detente, the peaceful solution of conflicts, the en- largement of arms control and new attempts for general and complete disarmament as IHT TXRIilDING the major aims in this field. Additionally, the congress called for political measures 4gainst the militarisation of the Third World. Willy Braodt pledged in Yancouver: 'In the years .ahead, we shall go on making l]tTIRiltTloilil1 every efrort to consolidatc the groundwork of detente. We shall harmonise aew initia- tives and use oux influence 10 make the voice of reason and cornmofl soase heard throughout the world'. The Socialis* Intel- naliooal aad iis members have used the last l*o years both to develop new ideas aad to explore {rew ways of prornoting a-rms coatr.ol and disarmament. ThF initial step takrn by the Study Group was to elatorate a preliminary set of state- m€nts on the fundameatal and imrnediate Bernl torlsson problerns of detente and disarmament. The Study Group then informed itself concern- ing the points of view held by important poiitical forces in the world and discussed The Socialbt International General Secrelary Bernt gives Carlscon his detailed with them its rbcommendatioas in a series report of the organisation's record at a time of great activity a-nd expansion. of visits. In May 1979 the Study Group held pression in Latin America and the meetings in Washington with US ?resident system in . and Vice President Walter The themes currently most debated at the Mondale and US government experts and international level the international arms representatives of the Democratic and Re- race and the growing- North-South division publican parties. took the - reveal the present high state of inter- opportunity to stress the Socialist Inter- national tension. Those problems demand national call for ratification of SALT II. original thinking and tough action from In Colombo in August 1979 a meeting democratic socialists. They require us to took place with Junius Jayawardene, the offer more than humane and progressive chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement, answers to the pressing questions. We must and A. C. Shahul Hameed, the chairman devise strategies that will attack the causes of its foreign ministers' conference. of poverty, ignorance, inequality, oppres- This led to a positive evaluation of the sion and fear. The background to some of other's work for military detente. In Sep- the present tension lies in failures, including tember 1979 the Study Group met UN from time to time our own, to find ways of Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim and UN resolving conflicts in the past and to meet disarmament experts in New york. This the challenges of the future. The responsi- underlined the special attention the Socialist bilities are great. The Socialist International International gives to the work of the should tackle those responsibilities, whether United Nations. It strengthened the role of as initiator, intermediary or last-stage nego- the Socialist International in increasing the tiator, This report looks at how far we political will to control the arms race and have come but also at how far we have to to disarm, and to increase efforts to raise go. popular consciousness about lhese matters. From its beginning, the democratic social- In October 1979 the Study Group met re- ist movement has held peace to be one of presentatives of the Sovi€t government. the its major aims. Peace has been regarded Communist Party of the Soviet Union. and both as an aim in itself and as a condition other institutions in . The group for social and political progress within and was able to hold discussions with, and between nations and states. present its views. to, President Leonid Peace and development are indissolubly Brezhnev. The visit was accorded the high- linked, as our last congress in Vancouver est attention in the USSR. It gave both pointed out. A solution to the North-South sides new and important information about division as well as the East-West conflict is possibilities and limitations in future This report is not intended to cover a necessary condition for the transition to negotiations. general political developments in the world peace. This does not imply that a peaceful These activities of the Study Group led during the period 1979 to 1980 but to solution to internal political problems is to the following conclusions. First, it served highlight aspects of the activities of the the only legitimate method. Where re- as a necessary and effective channel of pressive Socialist International. governments are denying demo- direct information for the respective sides. The last congress in Vancouver provided cratic forces any possibility of working The future detente and disarmament acti- the first occasion on which a collective through peaceful methods, these forces may vities of the Socialist International will assessment could be made of the new course well have no choice but to resort to armed profit from this. Second, both in the quality set by the 1976 congress in Geneva. The resistance. This should be seen as an ex- and variety of the discussions we have found assessment was positive in its outcome. A pression of self-defence. a new, valid and successful way for the mood of cautious optimism in the possi- It was in this framework, synthesising the Socialist International to influence inter- bilities of the Socialist International was standpoints of the member parties, that the national politics. carried into our discussion on peace and the 1978 Bureau meeting in Dakar followed They laid the basis for work undertaken need for new initiatives in disarmament, the recommendation of the Socialist Inter- by democratic socialists to restore the and how the multi- national Disarmament Conference and est- superpoweq.dialogue and to engage in bridge national corporations might be controlled, ablished the Study Group on Disarmament building following the recent deterioration the new international economic order and under the chairmanship of Kalevi Sorsa of detente. The future importance of these the obstacles of existing trade, aid and in- (SDP, ) and Walter Hacker (SpOe, visits also lies in the international rele- stitutional arrangements, terror and re- Austria) as secretary. The Vancouver con- vance of the Socialist International and the

11 Sociatist lnternational Congres 1980

possibilities open to its activities for pro- of the Socialist International to transfer call omic arrangements. The defeat of the moting concrete initiatives as regards arms for disarmament into action. People's of reveals control and disarmament. However, in assuming a stronger potitical once again the extent of the power possessed The Bureau meeting in Lisbon in October profile on these questions and in our lining by the international financial institutions. 1979 endorsed the work of the Study the first steps towards a concrete and stimu- At the Vancouver congress, the Inter- Group. It called for the continuation of the Iating policy of real military detente, the nalional extensively analysed the deep- policy in support of detente, progress in Socialist International can inffuence the seated structural problem of the world arms control and especially new initiatives political will and widen the freedom of economy and committed itself to the goal during the CSCE Followup Conference in action for detente not only of the USA of a new international order. The eight Madrid 1980. It appealed to all govern- and USSR but of all other responsible policy steps towards the new international I ments in East and West to avoid countries. The report of the Study Group order advocated in Vancouver remain to measures that could aggravate tension and on Disarmament, together with its recom- be achieved. Effecting those changes will render future negotiations more difficult. mendations, provides a common basis for first require and then encourage funda- The work of the Study Group took place action that has been worked out by repre- mental political changes. If our resolutions against a background of the deterioration of sentatives of our member parties from are not to be simple declarations of intent, detente and superpower cooperation. This NATO and neutral European countries, the member parties must be in the fore- started in the wake of the so-called Cuban from developing countries and Japan. This front of implementing those changes. This brigade crisis of late August 1979. It was has a special importance not simply for the lies at the heart of strengthening the co- furthered by the United States reluctance future of military detente but for develop- operation of democratic socialists in North to ratify SALT II, and was reinforced by ing and strengthening the role of the and South. the NATO decision on eurostrategic mis- Socialist International as an international In the report of the Independent Com- siles. On the other hand, the Soviet decision force. However, if it succeeds in promoting mission on International Development to proceed with the deployment of the detente in concrete terms, either by arms Issues, written under the chairmanship of SS-20 and the occupation of Afghanistan control and disarmament initiatives, by its Willy Brandt, a unique group of prominent further exacerbated the situation. AU this member parties in or out of government political leaders from North and South emphasises the importance of Soviet and and by creating the necessary improved have, Iike the International, attempted to US foreign policy for the international com- climate and political will, it will have acted go beyond analysis to seek prescriptions. munity. in the best tradition of democratic socialism. They present a of In the case of the NATO decision, the The International is confident that the reform, based on growing mutual interest Socialist International member parties in Independent Commission on Disarmament between North and South. government and opposition were able to and Security Issues under the chairmanship Their conclusions in A Programme for further detente by taking steps such as visits of OIof Palme will be able to follow and Survival bear a relationship to those of the by Helmut Schmidt, and Kalevi build on the work of the Socialist Inter- Socialist International. At the Oslo Bureau Sorsa to Moscow. national. meeting Olof Palme (SAP, Sweden) stress- The member parties were not able to The aim of the work on disarmament by ed that the conclusion of the report was find a common platform for pursuing mili- the International is to influence the policies based on a new understanding of inter- tary detente. In line with the policy of of national governments, internatibnal dependence and common interest. He illu- peaceful conflict resolution in international organisations and defence alliances in the strated this interdependence with the prob- relations, of preserving national sovereignty direction of concrete military detente. There lems of major US banks as they are related and independence and of supporting self- is much work to do for the member parties to the deterioration of the economics of determination as being fundamental for in promoting and developing the present the Third World. international progress, the party leaders' forms and ways of peace education, peace The report is strategic in conception and conference in in February 1980 research information and various forms of clear in distinguishing short- and long-term condemned the Soviet occupation of international nongovernmental cooperation goals. Special attention should be focused Afghanistan. It called for a political solu- and communication for disarmament. In all on the report's emergency programme for tion that would take into account the these areas there is critical work for our the next five years. In addition to an inter- interests of the Afghan people and their time, capable of mobilising broad sections national energy strategy, the report calls neighbours. This must include the with- of the population but still waiting to be for a large-scale transfer of resources to drawal of all Soviet armed forces from taken up by many member parties. In this developing countries, a global food pro- Afghanistan. field the Socialist International Women have gramme and a start on major reforms in The Oslo Bureau meeting in June 1980 taken a very active line. the international economic system. Its call surveyed the recent international develop- The contribution IUSY has made to the for a world summit to discuss these pro- ments and welcomed all concrete initiatives development of all-European youth co- posals is an imperative one. In their work to to promote detente, including military operation should also be noted. develop the concept of a new international detente, Our parties and other progressive groups, order, and in the remarkable consensus I Since the Oslo meeting, there have been concerned with promoting arms control and reached, the commissioners have given their further developments complicating moves disarmament everywhere, have the possi- recommendations on outstanding legitimacy to ease this international tension. Changes bility through fresh detente initiatives to and authority. The international negoti- in nuclear weapons strategy led to a further combat the right-wing call for new weapons. ations on development have too frequently escalation. The International must under- Socialist and trade-union movements, the dwindled to a dialogue of the deaf, as Willy line the importance of a positive result from youth and women's organisations, all have Brandt points out in the introduction to the Madrid CSCE Followup Conference for to carry the common platform for arms the report. The UN Special Session on promoting peace and security in Europe. control and disarmament, to be adopted by Development did not fulfill expectations and Democratic developments in Poland have this congress, into concrete initiatives and showed that there are still major gaps aroused great international concern. While sustained activity. Inaction or half-hearted between the members of the Group of 77 recognising that interference from the out' gestures can only mean that we do not and the Non-Aligned Movement on the one side will not be helpful, we cannot, as meet our responsibilities, hand and the most developed industrialised Willy Brandt declared in his statement on The statement made by the International countries on the other. 22 August 1980, be unmoved when workers on the fifth anniversary of the signing of Those of the member parties which are in another European country stand up for the Final Act the CSCE asserted that in government who get govern- !::l of or will into rights and their interests and for free made :.: their dramatic events of recent months had ment in the near future will have the oppor- ]:: speech in order to defend their rights. it very clear that the balance between North tunity trying carry the proposals lr of to out q One has to be realistic about what the and South, between industrial and develop- of the Independent Commission. This should :9.! International can do. Acting by itself, the ing nations, must become a second dimen- be seen as a first step towards a new inter- d Socialist International cannot overcome the peace policy. pi sion of national order. q present grave international situation. The That second dimension must be as actively The Socialist International Working Group sj fact that the NATO decision on euro- pursued as the first, for the 1980s already on Employment Policies led by Eskild strategic weapons was, by and large, sup- prove that they will be a decade of major Jensen and (DNA, ) was .sl! govern- 5 ported by our member parties in economic upheaval. set up in view of the growing unemploy- ment in the concerned countries is an un- It is no longer possible to paper over the ment in the industrialised world and the I fortunate illustration of the lack of capacity cracks in the existing international econ- mass of underemployment and unemploy- "!it 6l 6\l s$); 12 $d m€nt in the developing countries. It paid maintained the Somoza regime in power, to in the new government by our member special attention to the impact of new end their support. At the Bureau meeting party the Natiorral Revolutionary Movement industrial technologies in the economy of in , we heard Ernesto Cardenal (MNR). The International declared that as the industrialised countries, Many jobs in and Miguel d'Escoto from the Sandinistas the junta moved towards its stated aims for theie countries will be eliminated as a result. describe their progressive objectives of socioeconomic changes such as an agrarian Democratic socialism does not stand against reconstruction, national unity and non- reform and an egalitarian distribution of the principle of technological advance. But . The Socialist International in- wealth, it could count on the prompt and democratic socialists are concerned with the tensified its efforts to offer financial and effective support of those who desire the economic, social and political implications political solidarity to the Sandinistas. The emergence of a new and democratic El of this new technology. International denounced any form of foreign Salvador. Progressive forces including the The Working Group states in its report intervention designed to subvert the will MNR left the junta in January this year. that technological progress is harnessed to of the Nicaraguan people. The International Following Guillermo Ungo's (MNR, El Sal- provide greater leisure and higher incomes called for the recognition of the Provisional vador) detailed report to the Bureau meeting for all. This must not lead to growing Government of National Reconstruction as in Oslo, it was decided to give the Inter- udemployment and a privileged sector of the legitimate representatives of the Nicar- national's support to the Democratic Revo- higher-paid workers. aguan people. The Party Leaders' meeting lutionary Front and call on the United States Within the industrialised countries, we in on 20-21 July 1979 greeted to cease its policy of aiding the present must ensure that desirable consequenl mea- the Sandinistas on their triumph and called junta which has led the country to a state sures like early retirement, a reduced work- on member parties to give political and of civil war. Ungo further underlined that ing week, longer holidays and extended material support for the process of recon- the tense international atmosphere was opportunities for educational leave are not struction. benefiting dictatorships in Latin America. viewed as a solution to short-term unem- Responding to an invitation from the Recent developments in the United States ployment. In considering the report, the Sandinistas, a mission was sent to Nicar- could further aggravate such a situation. Lisbon Bureau meeting felt that special agua in August 1979 led by Miirio Soares. In Guatemala, we mourn the deaths of attention should be given to the position They were able to study at first hand the Albelto Fuentes Mohr and Manuel Colom of women and youth. They constitute parti- degree of exploitation and destruction of Argueta, both present in Vancouver and cularly vulnerable sections of the labour Nicaragua that Somoza's dictatorship and assassinated in early 1979.'fhe Oslo Bureau force when faced with an unbalanced intro- the war had brought. They acquainted meeting gave the International's backing to duction of new technology. In the develop- themselves with the progressive and plural- the Frente Democr6tico Contra la ing countries, the consequences could be ist character of the new government. Represi6n. even more drastic either by creating islands The delegation stressed the need for In Latin America, the dictatorships and of advanced technology in underdeveloped international and political solidarity and reactionary forces have demonstrated their economies, with massive resulting economic, economic assistance to the Nicaraguan bitter hostility to the International. At the social and political strain, or by under- revolution. The presence of Eden Pastora Luxembourg Bureau meeting an agreement mining the whole process of establishing a at the Bureau meeting in Lisbon gave the was made to send a mission to Argentina, competitive labour-intensive industry. International a further opportunity to affirm Chile, and Uruguay. It was can- Socialist and trade-union movements support for the Frente Sandinista. At the celled when the International learned that must be prepared to play an active part in Santo Domingo conference in March 1979 the mission would be refused entry into shaping the terms in which this new tech- the parties present denounced the reaction- Uruguay and Chile. The International nology is introduced in the 1980s. There ary campaign of slander against the instead decided to send a mission to Fara- is a great need to draw together the results Nicaraguan revolution. The International's guay. It attended the congress of the of the research made independently by our support must be steadfast. The Sandinistas Partido Revolucionario Febrerista in members. face the tasks of reconstruction and the Asunci6n on 24-25 November 1979. The The report on employment policies is in achievement of social and economic justice. mission was able to observe the true nature itself an example of the growing coopera- Therefore we have to maintain our active of the Stroessner regime and the growing tion between the International and the solidarity with Nicaragua. unity of opposition forces represented in International Confederation of Free Trade The developments in Nicaragua have had the Acuerdo Nacional. Unions. a profound effect on progressive and revo- In the case of Uruguay, the International In the past two years, there have been lutionary forces throughout Latin America, protested against the arrest of the veteran many occasions to recall the need not just particularly Central America. socialist leader Jos6 Pedro Cardozo and for social and economic justice between The special conditions in Nicaragua en- applauded the efforts of Convergencia countries but also within countries, and the sure that its revolution will be a sollrce Democriitica to unify the opposition. The role of the Socialist International in support of inspiration rather than a blueprint for Chilean dictatorship's sham referendum held of such policies. The preeminent case has other struggles against dictatorship. in totally undemocratic conditions has met been that of Nicaragua. In Vancouver, the In El Salvador, the International initially with our strongest condemnation. International called on all governments welcomed the coming to power of lhe new The International condemned the coup in particularly those who had for so long junta. We noted the important role placed Bolivia which violated the democratic wishes

Francisco Lopez Real, Alfonso Guerra, Luis Y5fiez Jose Federico de Carvajal Alfonso Zegbe Sanen, Alma Delia Garcia Ramirez

13 Socialist International Congres 1980

of the people and which led to the murder ments can best be achieved by imposing The liberal, the christian democrat and of many active soeialists and trade unionists. economic sanctions against the regime. The now also the conservative parties are inten- Socialists throughout the u'orld recognise present situation in Namibia requires that sifying their internal cooperation through Herniin Siles Zuazo and Jaime Paz the as the International and its member parties their internationals. This reflects a growing elected victors of the Bolivian general elec- should work speedily to see that the econ- realisation that political parties today can- tion and therefore as the persons most omic and strategic interests of South Africa not function exclusively in a national frame- fitted to express the will of the Bolivian and an apparent lack of will on the part work. The internationalisation political people. of of the group cf five western powers do not and economic problems makes it imperative In addition to the request of the Partido delay the end of South Africa's illegal occu- to internationalise the work political Revolucionario Febrerista (Paraguay) to of pation and the achievement of genuine parties regardless of their ideological posi- transfer of status from consultative to full independence. tions. Because of their traditions, member party there has been considerable their (PvdA, Netherlands) solidarity and their will to cooperate, the interest in membership from this region. proposed at the Oslo Bnreau meeting that democratic socialists are here in the fore- The reorientation of the International the International should give serious con- front. decided upon in 1976 has now taken definite sideration to how an oil embargo could be The right now presents socialists with a organisational form in Latin America and carried into effect. There is still a wide gap reinforced challenge internationally, elec- the Caribbean. Following extensive con- between what the International and iti torally and ideologically. The has sultations, the Lisbon Bureau meeting right member parties are currently doing for the attacked the position of the organisations of agreed to establish a Socialist International liberation of South Africa and what thev Latin American working people, notably the trade unions. Committee, with Jos6 committed themselves to with the agree'- The right attempts to exploit the frustrations Francisco Pefla Gdmez as chairman and ment of the Madrid Bureau meeting in of the more vulnerable sections of society Hector Oqueli as secretary. 1977. The South African government's and plays on the oppression and alienation The first Regional Conference of the development of nuclear weapons demands these sections experience in their daily Socialist International for Latin America that the question assumes even higher lives. and the Caribbean held Santo in Domingo importance and urgency. There is a massive financing from cor- on 26-28 March 1980, hosted by the PRD In Luxembourg, the Bureau discussed porate interests and an organisational (), facilitated the launch at length the position it should take on strength in this offensive of the right. There Committee. of the Participation in the the Western Sahara. Representatives of appears to be a new-found self-confidence, Regional Conference was broad its scope. in POLISARIO and USFP () and a feeling that the democratic left can be was attended by representatives It of the FLN () all presented their view- directly confronted on the level ideas major socialist, Iabour of and anti-imperialist points in the discussion. The Bureau con- and arguments which our movement parties of the region and also included cluded that a politically just parties and final solu- assumed were settled many years ago. We and Iiberation movements from tion had to be found that guaranteed the hear the cry that freedom is incompatible Africa and representatives number of a of right of the Saharan people to self-deter- with socialism. We hold the opposite to be European parties. The conference covered mination. true, As the Geneva congress expressed considerable ground, evaluating the inter- The International has increased its activi- our standpoint that without democracy national situation and its significance for ties in the Asia-Pacific region. On 1 March there is no socialism and without socialism Latin America, electoral popular and strat- 1979 a regional secretariat of the Inter- there is no democracy. The party leaders' egies, the role of the multinational corpor- national was established in Tokvo. It is conference in Bommersvik in July 1979 ations and their close ties with some of operated jointly by the of took therefore freedom and socialism as repressive the most regimes in the region. Japan and the Japan Democratic Socialist its theme. It was critical of certain aspects of United Party. Democratic socialism's fight human policy, for States foreign notably over El Sal- A meeting of the parties in the Asia- rights is distinct from the limited conception vador, Nicaragua and Ptrerto Rico. Pacific region was held in Wellington in and sometimes inconsistent approach Advancing such criticism and taking up September this year. It decided to call for adopted by the Carter administration. The the responsibility of developing alternatives a large-scale regional conference in the aim is to extend all areas of freedom, in- present superpower policies to in what has Asia-Pacific area to take place in Sydney dividual and collective, and to link demo- been regarded as a traditional sphere of next February. cratic rights with their material precon- influence is growing evidence of the inter- The International is deeply concerned ditions. This has becn at the heart of the continental development of the Socialist over the repression now evident in South work of the Socialist International Study International. Korea. The opposition leader Kim Dae Group on Human Rights led by David The International supports the attempts Jung has been sentenced to death. The Mayer (PS, ) and Robert Krieps mobilise democratic to forces in Latin International has pressed for the com- (LSAP, Luxembourg). It is a vision deeply America in the framework of COPPPAL. muting of his sentence and for his release committed to economic as well as political During the last inter-congress period, from prison. democracy. I there were encouraging developments in The application of the Progressive Social- The importance of economic democracy ! Africa. The victory of the Patriotic Front ist Party ::: of the for full member- is at the centre of innovative thinking in in is a moment of great import- !! ship of the International is an important many democratic socialist parties. Its lj ance for southern Africa. It heralds a new development. humanistic outlook is not selective. Olof ::: era for the liberation struggles there. With The Lisbon Bureau meeting confirmed Palme said at Bommersr.ik, of the persecu- representatives =ll the aid of of SWAPO of that the views of member parties on the tion of signatories of Charter 77 Czecho- s! it Namibia and the ANC of South Africa the specific question of the PLO remain divided. , that the struggle for freedom in Lisbon Bureau meeting was able to study The mission to Iran by the socialist leaders Czechoslovakia cannot be silenced. It is latest developments taken :: the that had (SPOe, Austria) Felipe important that we as democratic socialists ::: place. A message of congratulations was Gonzdlez (PSOE, Spain) Palme protest t:: and Olof against the excesses of the regime :.1 sent to Robert Mugabe on the announce- (SAP, Sweden) represented a major break- and declare our solidarity with the forces !l ment of the results of the first democratic through in establishing dialogue with the of democracy and . ! elections in Zimbabwe. The Oslo Bureau postrevolutionary regime. The subsequent We should note that the so-called rise l:: meeting followed this by calling on member !: meeting ivith Iran's Foreign Minister Sadegh of the right is not what is appears to be. !a parties to respond actively to the new Ghotbzadeh in Oslo continued dia- rii this There was a decline in the strength of con- government's requirements in rebuilding logue. It showed the key role of the Inter- servative forces in countries such as Austria, .!: Zimbabwe seven years war. :.:: after of national as a provider of initiatives in , Canada, , the Dominican .!:l The bastion of apartheid remains in South difficult situations. $.i Republic and the Federal Republic of \\ Africa, pursuing its exploitative and racist The consequences of the Soviet occupa- Germany. Complacency is, however, far L: policies. The Inteinational tried to prevent tion of Afghanistan emphasises the need of from justified as the results in the European = the execution of Solomon Mahlangu. We the International to give more attention to Parliament elections show. t have repeatedly called for the release of the this region. Joop den the new president !l Uyl, as of leaders of ANC and Toivo The past two years have brought to the the Confederation of the Socialist Parties r-!= Ja Toivo of SWAPO. fore how the pattern of international co- of the European Communities, informed Joan Lestor (British ) has operation by democratic socialist parties is the Oslo Bureau about the Confederation's said that support for liberation move- ; the followed by others. major tasks. The enlargement of the Com- 1\ I 14 munity to include Greece, Spain, and but their foundations are fragile. this presented to the next congress. Such Portugal will have important implications The expectations which people have of an endeavour is linked to the elaboration for the future. The International hopes that the International are enormous, but the of a new declaration of principles on which the growing contact among socialist leaders resources are strictly limited. work has already begun. in southern Europe will be able to The remarkable expansion in terms of If we are to reach full effectiveness, there strengthen collective work in the Con- membership and activities has led to an must be a clear process of establishing federation. increase in work. Study and working priorities, and regularly reassessing them. The male-dominated character of our groups (on disarmament, employment, It must be assured that the organisational member parties and of the International human rights, a new declaration of work of the Socialist International has the itself is a weakness. The discussions now principles) have been coordinated. Missions possibility to be of the same level as its taking place within the Socialist Inter- and visits require proper preparation expanding political activities. A considerable national Women and many member parties (mission to South America, Study Group distance still remains before universal re- on a dialogue between socialism and on Disarmament). Round-table meetings and cognition is secured as to how and indeed feminism must strengthen women's involve- committee meetings need organisation. why the approach and activities of the Inter- ment in the socialist movements and enrich Solidarity actions have been harmonised national have been updated and transformed democratic socialism. (Chile, Nicaragua, Jamaica). Two party since the Geneva congress in 1976. The It would be too easy to overestimate the leaders' conferences and four Bureau strength of the International is dependent role of the Socialist International. As has meetings have been arranged. New and old upon the extent to which the member been pointed out by Maarten van Traa applications for membership to the Socialist parties and organisations are prepared to (PvdA, Netherlands) at the Santo Domingo International have been checked. Regional commit thernselves in practice to the conference, there is a danger of the Social- activities (Committee for Latin America decisions reached by the Socialist Inter- ist International developing the ambitions and the Caribbean, CSPEC, APSO) have national. and traits of some form of a mini United been coordinated with the general work. Democratic socialism has strategies to Nations. Our ambition has not been to give Effort has gone into making socrAlrsr tackle the grim threats to humanity vi7ar, priority to a policy aimed at growth in AFFAIRS a platform for the exchange of poverty, unemployment, and oppression- in size at the cost of ideological cohesion. ideas among an increasing readership. The all its forms. We have new ideas, and with We fully support and share the goals of decisions made prior to Vancouver are also those, new goals to be achieved in the peace, development and liberation with the kept under consideration to see how they 1980s. We will be resilient in the face of United Nations. Our role however is one might be further implemented (Middle East, the counterattack we will receive, but of an association of political parties and Western Sahara, South Africa, Cyprus). never dogmatic. Let us be clear that to over- organisations, sharing the basic ideology of The increased activity within the Socialist come cynicism and alienation from the democratic socialism. International since the Geneva congress has democratic parties, and their ability to solve The resolution adopted at Vancouver added demands for service from the sec- the fundamental problems of our time, is an outlined that the work of the Socialist retariat in . However, the working enormous responsibility. The International International is based upon the open co- structure, technical facilities and financial has made real progress forward since the operation of those forces which seek to basis of the work are largely unchanged Geneva congress. It has demonstrated that tackle the great problems of the day by since the time when the Socialist Inter- it can get and offer solidarity. the application of the progressive principles national was rnuch more limited both in That solidarity is the basis of the Inter- of democratic socialism through the free activities and membership. national, consent of the people. The ?residium agreed in the Oslo Bureau Never have the challenges been greater. The gains in the work of the International meeting that present needs and conditions Yet never have the possibilities for demo- during the last four years are considerable should be reyiewed and ideas arising on cratic socialism been more exciting.

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15 Soeialist Internati onal Congres

of the internal dialogue is to be oriented in the future. Third, the had to be studied, singling out the components UPDATITG which still have validity today as well as the problems which it does not deal with. Fourth, an analysis of the current situ- ation had to be made from a democratic socialist perspective. During the meeting in Luxembourg I raised the fundamental question which affected the method of work and its very content. Our work could be oriented to the creation of a corpus of doctriles for the Socialist International, which would reffect the opinions of the Socialist International with respect to the basic problems of today's world, followed by some general eonclusions. Or it could be oriented to the creation of a text in the tradition of a Ielipe Gonzrilez declaration of principles, which would en- the ever-increasing diversity of the documents that inspire the forces comprising The host of the Madrid congress was Felipe Ganzilez. Here he sets out his our organisation. This problem is still not resolved. Later thoughts about the task of reformulating the principles of the Socialist Inter- I will return to this point. national which he and others wiII be engaged in over t-he next few years. We considered that an in-dopth reffection on the relations of the Socialist International Working guide The subject with which the buting some notes as a type of for with the international workers' movement Group on New Declaration Principles future tasks Working Group. a of of the was fundamental to increase cooperation Socialist International has been First, was matter compiling all for the it a of and convergencc of aetioas at world level. coneerning itself is one that is always diffi. the previously prepared documents on the We also suggested that there was a need cult to approach, but particularly so in view different topies such as those elaborated by to study and detne the position of the the new world Therefore Study Study of situation I will the Group on Disarmament, the Socialist International on olher key prob- begin by asking you be patient. We must Group Human Working to on Rights, and the lems in the present world, such as North- not act hastily in performing this task. Group on Employment Policies: relations, you South the role of women in I would like to. explain to what has Second, a ccmparison had to be made today's world and struggle for problems principal programmes their been done and also the confront- of the of the SI equality, and new technology. ing as we carry task. member parties organisations, us out the and fraternal When the Working Group met again in During our first meeting Luxembourg since is these growth in it toward that the of Lisbon in October 1979, several tasks 1979, contri- were in April I took the liberty of the Socialist International or a widening assigned. The was to make a study of the Frankfurt and Oslo declara- tions of principles, take note of the still serviceable aspects, and formulate some ideas on a new declaration. The Norwegian Labour Party was assign- ed the analysis of the current situation from the point of view of democratic socialist basic principles. To the PSOE went the task of summaris- ing the programmes of several socialist parties, members of Socialist International.

I am going to take the liberty of briefly summarising the documents prepared by each of the parties. I will then state what I feel ought to be the future tasks of the Working Group. In the document submitted by Karel van Miert of the Belgian Socialist Party, a study is made of the antecedents of the Frankfurt and Oslo declarations and of their subse- quent evolvement. It states that 'At the time of the Frankfurt Declaration (July I95l) the cold war ( blockade 1948 and Korean war 1950) and the fear of totalitarian stalinist expansionism were casting their shadows over the world's outlook. Decolonisation had already started in Asia . . But, ten years later, the Oslo Declaration could already claim that "by 1960, most countries of Asia and Africa had won their independence and joined the concert of free nations Nevertheless, colonialism still survives. It is significantly entrenched in countries where no socialist movement has been allowed to exist and I where democracy itself has been suppressed. l.l! {l !)i $l 16

.!] 1-r . At the same time, the gap in the living conditions for future generations; dis- In a socialist concept, freedom, power standard of living between rich and poor crimination on the grounds of sex, age and and equality are closely connected. Claims nations has widened still further"'. race; and the use of technology to repress in favour of more equitable distribution of What in retrospect has been called the dissident behaviour and thought. power and of democracy are their natural 'golden sixties' opened a prolonged period The document concludes that socialism consequence. of rapid economic growth for the industrial cannot be reduced to a particular or Democracy means the participation of world. The accomplishments of a country, - partial focus but rather, in its constant all, on the basis of equality, in the decisions whether capitalist or communist, were search for what is of most general referring to the use and distribution of the measured exclusively by GNP growth rat€s. interest to the whole, must be perfectly resources which affect options. It seemed as if the race for world super- aware of the relative importance of each Socialists give three reasons for their iority was taking place exclusively in terms special problem within the overall defence of democracy. In the first place, it of quantitative economic expansion. Ulti- problem of human social order and in deals with an objective per se: participation mate distribution of rapidly accumulating its ultimate organisation; has a value in itself, as an alternative which wealth among the different population is fully aware of the rapidly changing widens freedom. In the second place, it is groups and social classes within the nations' - nature of a living society and desires a means in itself: the use of this freedom borders was considered to be of secondary the gradual extension of control over affects options and participation in other importance. these changes rather than being con- important spheres of life. In the third place, To the extent that fetishism of high GNP demned to enduring them passively; the point of view of democracy is related growth rates was accepted as the only has faith in the ability of human beings to the socialist point of view of the people religion, the answer to all problems had - to determine by themselves the best as individuals: democratic institutions and to be looked for in a wild growth race, path to self-realisation and their ability participation €ncourage the development of common to the communist and capitalist to participate in defining the objectives democratic techniques, so that they sustain worlds alike. of the human community; and reinforce their own reason d'6tre. The After all, on the list of most rapidly does not try to impose any closed political essence of democratic socialism growing economies were Japan and - system of preconceived ideas on a pas- thus consists in achieving a majority in Rumania: the first on the basis of a peculiar sive and resigned people incapable of order to carry out reforms which enlarge form of paternalistic private , and knowing what is most in its common the range of options and which, at the the second with a rigid centrally planned interest; rather, socialism should be same time, increase the capacity to defend economy. The example of the two German the result of free and active participation present interests. was cited frequently: the Federal Republic, of everyone interested in shaping the A socialist policy aims to attain a new climbing rapidly to a leading economic future; socialism aspires to the continu- balance between the intrinsic value of position in the western world thanks to free- ous expansion of democracy; human life common to all and the individ- market liberal mechanisms, and the Demo- - is open, as a consequence, to the widest ual differences which enrich human co- cratic Republic, guided by compulsory variety of opinions, representative of existence and the social structure. central and with similar different circumstances everywhere, pro- The difference between the socialist and results in the eastern camp. vided that the fundamental common the nonsocialist point of view is that, for The basic document adopted in Frankfurt values constituting the directives for its socialists, the greatest priority is the demand in 1951, which defined the objectives and overall action are recognised and the for fundamental equality of resources and tasks of democratic socialism, was ratified final adoption of decisions is based on power, while liberals have traditionally again in Oslo in 1962. The second declara- the most extensive majority possible. made use of the demand for variety, in tion was not limited to a simple study of *** order to justify an inherited social inequality the first but was rather an endeavour to and a system which causes this inequality. The comrade of discover the consequences of its application document by While we seek equality regarding funda- Norwegian Party begins by to an international context undergoing the Labour mental resources, the aims of socialist policy socialist change. It was a product of the optimism affirming that the objective of a wish enlarge the scope individual policy consists the oppor- to of of that period, as the following quotations of broadening diversity. Once equal fundamental norms tunities open the community for the demonstrate: 'History has not confirmed the to in living conditions have been reached, we development self-expression, creativity, doctrine of increasing misery of the pro- of propose through the institutions that we perception, letariat'; 'The worst excesses of capitalism abilities of mutual understanding will create- to increase the potential and solidarity. have been corrected'; 'Mass unemployment diversity of -individual self-expression and has been eliminated'; 'A task facing social- It stresses that the workers' movement is the variety of individual qualities. ism is to make this group new class of one of freedom and the socialist conception [the Up to the last decade, the workers' move- managers of large-scale undertakings] aware of freedom is comprised of three elements: ment emphasised growth and equality rather its social responsibilities';'State action is the absence of coercion and obstacles, the of than the organisation working conditions. provide rapid rate of ability to meet objectives and carry out of essential to for a Increasing production, abolishing poverty economic expansion'. intentions, and the opportunity to choose The Frankfurt 1951 document remains objectives in life worthy of being defended and creating fundamental equality in living basically valid. Socialist doctrine was mainly and to develop special skills. conditions have constituted an important, presented as a permanent human liberation Democratic socialists disagree, on the one adequate and necessary aspect of the way movement, aiming at a fully democratic hand, with the point of view that social followed, opening up the range of options organisation of society, spreading from the evolution should ideally be coordinated by for many. It has been and will be priority- provide- political to the economic, social, cultural an invisible hand, as is justified by the a task of maximum to material oppress- and international fields. Democracy is seen liberal theory of the market; on the other decent conditions for the ed and for the working population. this as the synthesis of freedom and equality hand, we do not agree that power should To whereby economic and social exploitation be concentrated in one hand as justified in end, there still exist certain outstanding tasks national level, the bulk of as well as political and cultural enslavement leninist theories of absolutism. One solution at a but what has done the inter- of men by men and people by people is divests the people of power; the other estab- still to be is in rendered impossible. The preamble (point lishes power over the people. According to national field. 2) explains on historical grounds why one theory, power is decentralised and left As a salaried worker, the employee depends on the company his subsistence. socialism, born in Europe, first developed as at the doors of the market; according to for qonsequences a movement of wage earners and maintain- the other it is completely concentrated in There are two of this. In the first place, ed a traditional class concept conceived the central committee. In one, the perfect work becomes for many simply society is identified with the perfect market; a way to satisfy their needs away from primarily in economic terms related to job ownership of the means of production. in the other, with the perfect leaders. In the work, while the itself fails to satisfy However, it did not explicity question one, the freely competitive market, no-one any need. In the second place, the worker's the kind of economic growth socialism holds power; in the other, the dictatorship liberty is reduced to the point where he aspires to, nor, for obvious reasons, did it of the proletariat degenerates into a dictator- possesses no control over his working situ- devote adequate consideration, in light of ship over the proletariat. In the one, people ation or'over production methods, but is present circumstances, to problems such as are made impotent by the economy; in the subordinated to the will of others. This is the quality of life; pollution; the human other, by the police. Democratic socialists what has led to government by one class and environment and ecology; conservation of reject both. to exploitation.

17 Soeialist International Congres I 980

The workers' movement's first claim, party limits its thinking exclusively to the out their activities and projects, and with therefore, was for lhe right to work: firstly manual _worker; all put on the same level the problematic surrounding the profound because it provides the means to live, and of equality 'intellectual' workers office reasons which lead to ceitain fiberation secondly because it creates a basis for the and administrative employees and- tech- movements. identity of the individual. When this nicians. For example, can the Socialist Inter- identity is lost - for example through (iv) Regarding the content of the socialis, national remiin impassive in the light of unemployment, illness, accidents at work, programmes, and referring to political decisive role being played by christians redundancy the due to changes carried out in democracy, the common denominator is to for the liberation of the peopleJ of Central work procedures the individual loses be found in democracy understood as free- and South America? control - of his own life. dom, plurality, universal suffrage, and so We should, all of us, be able to receive Work and cooperation provide shared on. the message which a certain interpretation experiences which extend the range of in- Economic democracy is reflected in of Islam contributes to the struggle for dividual experience and increase effective- numerous different economic models. There liberation of many muslim countriei. ness. are parties which insist on participation, Democratic socialism is fundamentally Unemployment, on the contrary, isolates cooperation and co-management, while the secular, and respects each individual's free- and demoralises. parties of southern Europe favour self- dom of conscienie. But a phenomenon Work provides such social roots and establish- management. as the Iranian revolution, for example, goes es standards in relation to others. Someone is presented with a far beyond this concept. may be discontented with his own status, variety proposals _ of for social policies, The element of national identity, of or with the present system of employment from which two themes can be emphasised: national revolution in the most poiitive and status. But this is different from being the need for the social organisation of meaning the word, has been, without of in all the roots, which leads to loss of health services (nationalisation is demanded nations which from a century or more identity. in many cases), and the need for a more ago to the present day have been fighting These are the circumstances which sup- egalitarian housing policy so as to eliminate for decolonisation and against all forms oi port the socialist argument in favour of the unjust situations. neocolonialism, more important in the right to work. With regard to culture and education, the struggle for freedom and The plea for an economic democracy majority of the parties insists that socialism than the confrontation of social classes. arises in the first place from a plea for means a culture different from that already However, we Europeans feel a certain freedom. The development of industrial existing, and a change in set cultural reserve when faced with such national- democracy is particularly important. If the patterns. ist fervour, because we have not had to put worker has influence in his place of work, This means the necessity for equal up with the experience of colonialism; not only is his capacity for participation in opportunities, and for each and every rather, we have been the cause of it. democracy increased, but also his capacity citizen to be given the possibility to develop Just yesterday, Willy Brandt recognised for making decisions in other spheres away his or her creative capacities. that the European concept of democracy from work. All parties speak out in favour of secular, cannot be exported to other regions on !i** plural and participating education, respecting earth. the freedom of teaching. So as not to make these conclusions too For our part, we have examined the pro- Under the heading of various, some long, I should like to point out to you grammes of some socialist parties, concen- parties recognise the importance of religi- that the risk of a new declaration of prin- trating on the following points: (i) ideo- ous beliefs and emphasise the significant ciples, which is a letter of introduction of logical sources; (ii) objectives; (iii) repre- changes in the christian churches in recent our identity, in which present and future sentation of interests; (iv) content of the years. members of the Socialist International must socialist programmes, dividing this section (v) With regard to the transition to social- be able to recognise themselves, is great. into political democracy, economic demo- ism, only the parties of southern Europe We could fall into the temptation of pre- cracy, social democracy, culture and edu- deal with this theme, emphasising their com- serving the principles of identity of Euro- cation, various (socialism, religion, workers' mon defence of the democratic approach pean socialism, excluding the others, thereby control); (v) transition to socialism; and and their rejection of . The other not giving an answer to the new problems (vi) concepts of the party. parties do not deal directly with this pointed out by our friend Karel van Miert. (i) With regard to ideological sources, matter, with the exception of one of the Alternatively, we could be guilty of the there is a certain reticence to identify with Japanese parties, which refers to social- fault of making a declaration so vague that, any particular historical-political point of democratisation. while including everybody, would satisfy view. There is greater agreement among a large no-one, even minimally, and which in con- Different positions are adopted against the number of parties on the matter of cen- sequence would not differentiate us from existing socioeconomic system. Whereas tralisation/regionalisation/federalism as a liberals or christian democrats, or from the some parties only show marginal displea- democratic question to be developed. defining characteristics of the communist or sure with the status quo and fail to subject Many parties refer to the Socialist Inter- capitalist system. the present situation to a rigorous critical national, in particular in formulas of co- Precisely for this reason I proposed the analysis, others do make a serious criticism operation (primarily regional) and in help creation of a corpus of doctrines sum- of capitalism. to developing countries. Certain parties (the marising the position of the Socialist Inter- (iD With regard to ob jectives, greatest French, the Irish, the Australian) make national regarding the fundamental prob- agreement is reached regarding, firstly, the specific declarations of independence and lems of the world today, and its discussion creation of equal opportunities as a correct- national sovereignty. among all of us in the Socialist Inter- ing mechanism of the socioeconomic differ- (vi) Referring to the concepts of the party, national and among those whom we consider ences between the various social groups, statements have only been made by the to have similar ideas. its maximum expression being the creation majority of the southern European and by In other words, we should present the of a society without classes; and secondly, the Germanic parties, all of which agree resolutions of the different working groups the socialisation of the means of produc- in their definition of a . with conclusions expressing the ideological tion, although the meaning of and the Some of them mention the meaning of foundations of our attitudes. approach towards this socialisation differs internal democracy, and freedom of In this way we would make our identity substantially from party to party. criticism. plain with concrete statements about the (iii) Referring to the representation of interests, the social bases whose representa- 'r * . ;i:HH,3;"TiT',;: 'l;J"Tl'#x?;"","?il; tion the different parties endeavour to Allow me to finish by taking up again the speakers. Our labours as the Socialist achieve are invariably defined in terms of question posed earlier. The growth of the International would thus become more working people. There are those parties Socialist International, with its ever less worthwhile. which limit their bases of representation European-centred and more worldwide You will now understand why I began (with regard lo interests, not lo votes, character, presents us now and will do by asking you to be patient. I now propose naturally) to the workers, while it is under- so even more in the future - with prob- that this point be included in the minutes stood that other' minority social sectors lems of its operational structure,- with con- of the next meeting of the Bureau, together exist whose interests should not be repre- tradictions inherent in the North-South with this report, so that a definitive course sented with the same intensity. However, no situations in which the parties will carry of action in this task may be decided upon.

18 ist International, today more than ever before, bears the responsibility and the obligation to make its importance felt as a factor of multipolarity, We must prevent INilG]DY our rvorld from turning towards a new bipolarity. The role of the Internaiional is that of rnaintaining multipolarity in the iirternational field as a realistic basis for detente, and of guaranteeing a more ade- ril B0llurA quate framework for the solution Gf the problems of the poor and dependent coun- tries. It is much easier for peoples like the Bolivian, Nicaraguan or Salvadorean to fight Poz for their just democratic cause and for Ioime their liberation from within a political framework which is multipolar at inter- speaker an No at the Madrid congress received a warmer reception than Jaime national level. I believe, then, that this is Paz, vicepresidential candidate of the Popular Democratic union of Bolivia, one of the important missions of the Social- who with his runningmate Hernan Siles Zruazo was robbed of the rewards of ist International: no to bipolarity, yes to victory at the polls by last year's brutal military coup. Still bearing on his detente on the basis of multipolarity. hands and face the physical rayages of an attempt on his life carried out by In Latin America the Socialist Inter- Bolivia's right-wing extremists, he receiyed a standing ovation at the start and national has received a baptism which I positive. at the end of his speech. This is what he said. consider to be In Nicaragua, El Salvador and Bolivia, and previously in the After four months, these are the Dominican Republic and Chile, it is being circumstances in my country today. My demonstrated that the Socialist International party, Democratic and Popular Unity, and is making a start in our continent along the Government of National Unity are the right road. I want to mention that letting it be known everywhere that we behind the action of the Socialist Inter- believe that the optimal solution to the national in these countries there is a real Bolivian problem lies in giving the power political choice, there is a true definition, to the legitimate representatives. We also and that this sort of presence of the wish to say, however, that life and struggle Socialist International is what we need in have taught us to be realists and that the future. I do not believe that this means accordingly we are willing to accept, if the'socialdemocratisation' of our continent, advisable, a transition regime as long as it in the sense that this term has historically would in earnest guarantee the return of in Europe. It seems to me that to attempt democratic power to the people. this would be a mistake, as it would perhaps I wish also to caution that the military constitute a new attempt to colonise our junta, in the face of its complete internal nations ideologically, which would not be and international isolation, is attempting to profitable either for Europe or for Latin effect a 'change in image', for which we America. What it means is the fulfilment must be prepared. It is attempting to give of the Socialist International's important the impression of liberalisation so as to gain mission, which is to generate a worldwide more acceptance abroad. Political prisoners movement with one foot firmly anchored in are freed at the same time as others are socialism and the other in democracy. It taken in secret, and the death penalty is m€aRs generating a movement far- applied for so-called political crimes. This reaching and pluralist giving -nations is what the current struggle in my country complete liberty to organise- and find in- is about. dependent political forms for their own I would first like to salute and thank you There must be awareness that democracies movements, on the basis of these two for the concern and solidarity that the in our continent cannot be left unprotected. principles of socialism and democracy. Socialist International has extended to our Socialist parties and governments cannot From this perspective, I congratulate the people during such a serious time in our take refuge in the formalism typical of Socialist International in its efforts to history. I wish to do so on behalf of my conservative governments when making abandon its European-centred existence. It own people; on behalf of their leader Dr certain legal distinctions in the international is to the merit of all, and particularly of Siles Zuazo; on behalf of our two parties field by pointing out that their relations our comrade Willy Brandt, who knew how attending this Socialist International con- are with states and not with governmeflts, to inspire the International in this direction. gress; and on behalf of our Government of which is nothing more than the equivalent But, comrades, let us not forget that by National Unity in resistance. of recognising dictatorships. I am speaking moving out of Europe we have not stopped Very rapidly, since we are working of such nineteenth-century notions such as being centred in Europe. Colonialism, on against time in this meeting, I must inform the one that the criterion for recognising moving out of Europe, did not stop being you that four months after the fascist coup a government is its effective occupation centred in Europe; on the contrary, its in my country the dictatorship can only of a territory a criterion of ignorance centre in Europe was reinforced. rely on an initial military victory that has when seen in -the light of the twentieth What is important is to insure that the not been consolidated politically. The century, for with modern technology a rich experience of the International in political victory continues to belong to territory can be occupied by wiping out Europe is not used as a factor for dis- the people and their representatives. I point the last of its inhabitants. I believe the crimination among peoples and states, but this out because it is fundamental and Socialist International should reflect on this. rather as a one of mutual r€spect. That it differentiates between what is happening Comrades, the problem is not one of legal not be a factor used to distort the liberal- in Bolivia today and what unfortunately is formalism; it is one of adopting a political isation processes in other parts of the going on in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. position. We are either for democracy, as world. Then we would indeed be able to In my country the dictatorship is not stated in the International's basic pro- say that the Socialist International, by politically consolidated. The situation gramme, or we are not for it let us going beyond its European-centred position, brought about by the 17 July coup has say so honestly and without hesitation.- Per- has truly enriched the international scene. still not been resolved. The Garcfa Meza haps I am being repetitive. But I feel that Finally, I must confess that being here regime is attempting to consolidate a poli- with the passing of time all this weighs with you has established even more firmty tical victory based on its military victory. upon the attitude of certain governments my conviction that at the hour of the And we, the popular democratic movement, and of certain parties, and I believe we struggle for freedom and democracy we are trying to gain a military victory on the should be forewarned. are all one, we are all united, and none of basis of our political victory, We should also point out that the Social- us is separated from the rest.

19 $ocialist lnternational Congres 1980 THE SOCIAI.IST IilTERTATIOMI ffID THE ffiIDDIE EASI

Reealling the meeting that has taken place in Vienna at the There is great concern on the part of the Socialist International irxitation of Bruno Kreisky and Witly Brandt on 10 truty with partie! regarding the lack of clear perspe.ctives for achieving President Anwar EI-Sadat and , overall peaee in which - and in the Middle East. This peace must be based oi Israel were urged to maintain the of the Sadat !\ security of Israel and of all states in the region and on a initiative until the realisation of a comprehensive and lasting definitive solution to the Palestinan problem, founded on the peace in the Middle East; recognition of the Palestinian people's Iegitimate rights. taking note of the newly established relations hetween the Israeli Negotiations must be initiated among aII directly interested Labour Alignment and the Egyptian NDP, which were further parties. AII peace initiatives that have attained important results enhanced during the Cairo meeting in November 1980; for the future of the region, as well as any that might be under- recalling also our meetings that took place in Madrid on 12 and taken, warrant support. The problem, however, continues to be 13 November during the congress of the Socialist International; the establishment of direct and positive relations between the bearing in mind the dangerous developments recently taking place Israelis and Palestinians, between fsrael, a state whose sovereignty in the Middle East area, which endanger peace and stabitity in and integrity must be respected, and the pLO, an organisalion the whole area; representing the Palestinian people and widely recognised as such We call upon on an internatonal level. - all the Arab states and Israel to consider their responsibilities, Socialists enthusiastically support the end to hostilities, the to follow the courageous approach of President Sadat, and to surmounting of differences, the continuation of the negotiation enter immediately into negotiations to reach a speedy solution process and th€ building of a peaceful future for the region. in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions 242 and 338; all neighbouring countries, and especially , to shoulder Socialist Party, Austria -their responsibilities and enter into constructive negotiations with Radical Party, Chile Israel that would turn the long-existing conflict into fruitful Socialist Workers' Party, Spain cooperation and coexistence and would contribute to the resolution National Revolutionary Movement, El Salvador of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects; Socialist Party, the Israeli government to contribute to confidence-building Labour Party, -measures in the West Bank and Gaza in order to introduce a new Dominican Revolutionary Party, Dominican Republic understanding betwcen the Israelis and the Palestinians and Socialist Party, normalise the relations between them; Democratic Action, - the Socialist International and all the socialist parties of the world to exert all efrorts and play an active role in bringing about a just, comprehensive and Iasting peace in the Middle East, peace which guarantees the security of all parties to the conflict and also realises the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali, National Democratic Party of Egypt Willy Brandt, President of the Socialist International and Chairman of the of Germany Bruno Kreisky, Vice-president of the Socialist International and Chairman of the Socialist Party of Austria Shimon Peres, Yice-president of the Socialist International and Chairman of the Israel Labour Party

20 is also of continuing imPort- this challenge as we overcame ance in the peace-keeping pro- some of the destructive ten- cess, and the furthering of dencies of capitalism in the detente in Europe. The terms past. c0n0Rrss of the Helsinki Final Act have We propose democratically been insfficiently implemented. planned structural change But it is unacceptable that pro- which will help to eliminate the cedural di$erences shoutd lead basic causes of the crisis. An to a destruction of this import- attack oo the twin problems of RTSO1uilOil ant instrument of dialogue, Wt economic stagnatioa, and un- recognise ihe frustrations and employment and inflation can difficulties the process entails. only be successful both with The Socialist Interaational Democratic socialists were But a simple 'ilo' or '[yet' increased productivity and pur- today renews its commitrnent to among the authors of detente. could plunge us into another chasing power, as a result of peace, freedom and solidarity. And we remain convinced that cold war with all the awe- job creation through economic As we begin the new decade, there is no'alternative to the some risks- which that implies planning. democratic socialists face the process of detente as the path for the 1980s. We thqefore 'We need as well a significant challenge of a worsening inter- to peace, security and inter- welcome the agreement on an redistribution of resources and national situation, an economic national cooperation. agenda for discussion reached income, nationally and between crisis and unemployment. We We regard the Iran-Iraq war as at Madrid. North and South. confront heightened inter- a s€rious blow to stability in We believe that aII of the ele- Unemployment and inflation are national tension, an accelera- the Middle East and a threat to ments of the Helsinki Final not cures for one another, they tion of the arms race, and a security internationally. It could Act, including security issues, are linked problems. The crea- widening gap between the in- damage prospects for peace economic and cultural coopera- tioa of unemployment, in a mis- dustrialised nations of the North among all the peoples of the tion and human rights must be guided effort to combat infla- and the developing nations of region. We appeal to both fully implemented. We must tion, will never be acceptable the South. We are also witness- parties to end hostilities and to break the stalemate and seek to democratic sacialists. ing a rapid growth in the vio- participate in all mediation to guarantee the continuation It is important to stress again lation of human rights. efforts. of the CSCE process. and again the concrete prob- But we are convinced that We especially plead that the It is particularly irnPortant to lems facing the poorest regions democratic socialism can bring new initiative to be conducted start the preparation of a of the world, especially in view new prospects for peace, social by Olof Palme on behalf of the European disarmament con- of conservative arguments that justice, economic democracy United Nations be greeted ference. There is a clear need a free market economy will and human rights. A just distri- with openness and cooperation. for an all-European conference provide the answer for them bution of wealth between North The Socialist International on energy coopefation as an- in time. and South is an essential con- notes with pleasure that our other important steP forward In the North-South relationship dition in achieving these goals. Swedish comrade, a vice-presi- in this process. two changes are essential to The Socialist International, dent of this organisation, has In the field of human rights help solve the even greater since its inception, has fought been chosen to lead this new new practical steps must be problems of poverty and un- for the protection of human effort. taken to complete the Helsinki employment: (a) a reform of rights, which for us includes Success in this initiative will process, the existing international econ- both the traditional civil liber- require a commitment to non- omic order; and (b) the achieve- Economic Crisis ties and economic and social intervention, not only by the The ment of development aid of rights. superpowers but also by the These events have taken place 0.7 per cent of GNP of the nations of the region. in the context of a deepening industrialised nations as set by As the democratic socialists world economic crisis. This on- the UN. The International Situation committed to the right of work- going crisis is evidence of ihe The crisis facing the Third It is clear that in the current ers to organise free and inde- incapacity of the existing econ- World poverty and hunger, situation peace is more serious- pendent trade unions, we wel- omic order to provide both sharply- higher unemployment, ly threatened than at any time come the recognition of these jobs and a just distribution of massive debt burdens and the in recent years. Relations be- rights in Poland. We regard wealth. In addition, it is ob- inequity of international tween the superpowers have this as an important advance vious that-this economic order monetary institutions, the in- deteriorated badly. New points for economic and civil rights. favours production which bene- capacity to control the develoP- of tension and conflict have We salute the courage shown fits neither the real needs of ment and practices of multi- emerged in many regions of the by the leadership of Solidarity. people in the rich countries national corporations, increased world. We welcome the pragmatic and nor the basic human neetls of protectionism on the part of There is a risk of a new realistic approach taken by the the Third World. industrialised nations must escalation of the arms race be- government so far. The reason for this crisis can- be addressed now. - tween the United States and Our solidarity with the struggle not be found only in dramatic- The situation of crisis has the Soviet Union. Incredibly, for trade-union rights is clear. ally higher energy costs. Higher accelerated attacks on the conviction that a 'limited' We recognise these advances oil prices have hit third-world human rights, the liquidation nuclear war is winnable is as achievements of the Polish countries harder than the in- of democratic freedoms, the gaining currency on both sides. workers and believe that any dustrialised countries, but have trade in armaments, and acts of The outcome of the recent further progress will be made been given far too much atten- military intervention and war. American elections has further only by them. tion as the root of this problem. The Socialist International re- jeopardised SALT II. Nonethe- We regret the absence of re- Simultaneous inflation and un- jects both the prophecies of less, the Socialist International presentatives of the Turkish employment have undermined doom and the promiSes of false renews its appeal for the rati- Republican People's Party at policies which relied upon in- hope. The problems are clear. fication of the treaty and an our congress due to the military equitable and disorderly growth We accept their challenge. early beginning to serious nego- takeover in Turkey. The re- rather than planning and re- tiations on SALT III. Failure placemdnt of a democratic distribution to solve the internal ET.]ROPE to do so will have a rregative system by a military dictator- problems of advanced capital- The crisis in today's world has impact on peace and secufity, ship must always be condemn- istic societies. The conserva- weakened the process of detente and on negotiations to limit ed by democratic socialists. We tives' answer to this crisis is in Europe, but fortunately it theatre nuclear weapons in stress the necessity that the to impose austerity on the great has not yet blocked it. Europe, and could lead to a Turkish generals restore. demo- mass of people, to induce de- The importance of the contri- further buildup of new missiles cracy to that country. liberately even more unemploy- bution of the CSCE process has by the Soviet Union. We call The Conference on Security and ment and to dismantle parts of been set out in the introduction. on both parties to start on a Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) the state. The Vienna MBFR talks need new round of negotiations to is not only a milestone in post- Democratic socialists reject this a political breakthrough in limit nuclear weapons. war European history; it cruel response. We will meet order to pave the way to de-

21 $ocialist lnternational Gongres 1980

creasing military potential while European countries to play a will have to stress its own in- neighbouring countries and the keeping a mutual balance in progressive role on the inter- terests and responsibilities over- Palestinians to negotiate peace. an area which has the largest national scene. all, and especially in the field The Socialistist International military concentration of forces The efforts undertaken by of peace and security. will continue to play an active in the world. Europe in improving the North- role in bringing about a just The Socialist International wel- Souttr relationship should be MIDDLE EAST and comprehensive peace which comes aII steps which will con- extended by the use of its We note the important state- guarantees the security of all tribute to the removal of enorrnous resources in a spirit ment by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the parties to the conflict and medium-range missiles in East- of solidarity. As the Brandt of the National Democratic also realises the legitimate ern and Western Europe and Commission documented, north- Party of Egypt, Willy Brandt, rights of the Palestinian people. which will prevent any new ern measures to rneet the iust Bruno Kreisky and Shimon Taking into account the Middle installations. economie clair,ns of the South Peres of 14 November 1980. East conflict, and the need to Under these circumstances it can provide an important boost We consider the Israeli Labour develop peaceful relationships is more important than ever to employment in the North Alignment, Ied by Shimon between South European that the EEC should control itself. Peres, the only viable force for and North African countries, its internal problems. The Com- In its relationship with the peace for and with Israel. we note with interest the new munity join should with other United States, Western Europe We call upon the Israelis, the status of neutrality of Malta and consider this status as a factor contributing to detente. ASIA A continent where more than half of mankind lives, where famine is still a plague without solution, Asia is stil1 torn by great-power struggle and re- [f;|rrGmTffi mains an area of conflict, while with all the wealth of its tradi- tions and human potential its ffilt+*i;:xil's*"n* ! countries are trying to assert themselves. I I Recent developments in Asia GaG^ll give cause for both concern and hope. We note with interest that China has begun to bring its policies closer to those of I international dialogue. This new orientation goes hand in hand with internal change, which we are following closely and with I ;,Il**',il;"ol."* *on*,*,.* o*0",on,",*"n"n I great interest. I Sozialismus in Deutschland. Theoretisch bedeutet hier nicht, daB sie politischen India is taking its place within = the international community, R:"ffi,:?tr H'ixH3; particularly as a result of the I [3id:.fl#tryiint,.#;#ffiia:d*r role it plays within the Non- I aligned Movement. We express our great concern and deep sorrow at the tragedy I iffi ffilj t[tr3fi?:Ei[:]fHtril,x.'-",..",;TiH'"flrr&il$;",.€:t'#: I of the people of Cambodia. The - Socialist International reminds I $i":-8f;:"h",,Hi#li"?f[[?:t"il""tJ3!1?,'J;j?tH.:"J]",5.'V3l],3fr3,H.f31i all governments of their respon- sibility to help heal the effects "fl: of this terrible genocide. :::i,:"#;"r::::":":""J'::1ffi:,:r:,* aus den The unity and integrity of Cam- ! - I bodia must be respected. We !'.:li"x$T,3,::li3i#l"v,,hlsiil,?'';Hffi 3it"Ei5"fl::,[T;x,1:?o"nou.l support any initiatives towards a solution which will secure a lffi reconciliation of the Cambodian people and its neutrality status. We are also concerned about the tragedy in . We I ffi,,ffi*;;.:--,#**#*"01.j*,,ji"1"#3" support that people's right to scheinigung 30,- DM. Atle Preise zuzuglichzuzugtich Vershndkosten.V",shndkosm ) self-determination, and there- I ) ^7 fore call for the withdrawal of all Indonesian troops. I We again express our deep distress at the recent develop- Neue Geserrschaft ments in South Korea and I Hlffi pledge our continued support for democratic forces in that country in their struggle to B::i1'J"3"t? lf".n" , o. 53oo Bonn 2 create a free and democratic society. We strongly urge the i authorities in South Korea to overrule the death sentence im- NG posed on Kim Dae Jung. We support B. P. Koirala and the forces attempting to bring LIII/ about of democracv in . I The Socialist International is

22 -i I

shocked and disappointed that other political prisoners. We recent elections. We join with the people of the Soviet Union has failed to appeal to our member parties We will always stand by the Chile in their ongoing resistance respond to calls for the with- to commit themselves to a PNP. to the military junta. We sup- drawal of its occupation systematic programme of econ- The Socialist International ex- port the people's rejection of forces from Afghanistan, and omic withdrawal from South presses solidarity with the an oppressive 'constitution' im- respect of that country's inde- Africa to join the efforts to people of Grenada and our posed following the false re- pendence and nonalignment. achieve an oil embargo and to new member party, the New ferendum, Democratic socialists the world abide by the UN arms embargo. Jewel Movement. The Inter- In the same terms we denounce over reaffirm their support for We urgently seek from all national will not accept foreign the'constitutional referendum' the Vienna stalement of the parties and governments their intervention, military or econ- scheduled for l3 November Party Leaders' Conference of assistance for all the African omic, in Grenada's affairs. l98O in Uruguay as a fraud. We the Socialist International, in countries fighting racism and The Socialist International, support the Uruguayan people's particular its call for the with- apartheid, especially the front- concerned about the human rejection of this false demo- drawal of Soviet forces, and its line states, rights situation in Guyana, ex- cratisation programme ('crono- call lor support of the Afghan presses its solidarity with the grama). We behind the AMERICA ANI) stand people, LATIN people of that country and Convergencia Democrdtica de THE CARIBBEAN calls upon the government to Uruguay. AFT.ICA The Socialist International re- ensure that the coming elec- Equally, we support the struggle In Africa millions of people are affirrns its solidarity with the tions, unlike the last, are free of the Paraguayan people under constant threat of people of Latin America and and fair. We salute the Work- against dictatorship through the famine, drought, apartheid and the Caribbean in their struggle ing People's Alliance and its instrument of the Acuerdo armed conflict. for freedom, democracy and presence at our congress. Nacional, whose socialist com- Indeed, the prospects of mas- social justice. The Socialist International suP- ponent is the Partido Revolu- sive famine in the Sahel are The 1980s will be a crucial de- ports the people of in cionario Febrerista. increasing. The international cade in proving the viability their struggle against the re- We offer our solidarity to the community has a responsibility of democratic socialist develop- pressive Duvalier dictatorshiP. democratic forces in Argentina to assist the African nations in ment in third-world nations as The Socialist International asks fighting again repression. We covercoming these problems. an alternative to military dic- the United States government confirm our wholehearted solid- The Socialist International will tatorships or traditional oli- to end its political and military arity with the 'Madres de Plaza continue to work towards solu- garchic regimes. support for the present junta de Mayo' and demand that the tions to these problems on econ- For the Socialist International in El Salvador and to recognise Argentine regime be held to omic, political and humanitar- this is especially true in Latin that this has failed to prevent account for the fate of the ian grounds, In this context we America and the Caribbean. further bloodshed. We reject missing people, with particular ask member parties and govern- We express our satisfaction with the thesis that the Salvadorean reference to the missing child- ments to work for assistance the process of democratisation problem is one of a junta fight- ren. and cooperation with all the that is taking place in some ing the extreme right or left. We welcome the statement of democratic and progressive countries of the region, and we It is rather a despotic regime the September 1980 Caracas states of Africa. maintain our commitment to whose activities have led to a meeting of our fraternal parties On the basis of self-determina- defend their achievements gain- state of civil war. in Latin America and the tion, we support the resolution ed through the hard struggles Our deepest hopes and active Caribbean. of the conflicts in the Horn of of their people. This is the case solidarity are with the Frente We were disturbed by some of Africa through the decisions of in the Dominican Republic and Democr;itico Revolucionario in the comments on Latin the OAU and the UN. . El Salvador, of which our America made by the then We call for the withdrawal of We believe that the victory and member party MNR is a Part. Republican candidate for the all foreign troops involved in the achievement of the Nicar- In Guatemala, we are behind presidency of the United States those and other conflicts. aguan revolution reflect the the Frente Democr6tico Contra especially his expressions of The Socialist International sup- hopes for social change in the la Represidn as representatives -support for the dictatorial re- ports the Saharan people's whole region. We reiterate our of its people's democratic gimes in El Salvador and right to self-determination as support for the Sandinista Front struggle to end murder, blood- Guatemala and his attacks well, in accordance with the for National Liberation. shed and repression. on Grenada and Nicaragua. decisions of the OAU and the In the Southern Cone and must be granted its in- We hope that our fears will not UN. Therefore, we call on the several Central American dependence from colonial rule, be realised. We will await and Morocco to countries, however, violations secure within its present policies of the new administra- negotiate a peaceful and poli- of human rights and political borders, as it wishes. tion before making our judg- tical solution to the conflict, as repression have heightened. We We declare once again our sup- ments. But we will regard the has been achieved with pledge our support to the pro- port for the Canal new administration's attitude Mauretania. gressive forces in these coun- treaties which are the best towards Latin America and the In southern Africa we welcome tries fighting for democracy and proof that in Latin America a Caribbean as a signal of its the recent independence of freedom. The Socialist Inter- negotiated settlement is possible posture in the whole world. In Zimbabwe and support its call national warns in the strongest between big countries and the 1980s, the growth of further for economic assistance. We terms against any attempt by small ones to fight wrongs and dictatorship, or of democracy, will work for the acceleration foreign powers to intervene in make possible a relaxation of social justice and respect for of the process of majority rule the internal affairs of Latin tensions, to bring Peace to the human rights in the region will and independence for Namibia. American and Caribbean region. be significantly affected by the We condemn the continued countries. We express our solidaritY with United States. But the attitude aggression by South Africa In our view, the Uni6n Democrdtica Y of the United States itself will against independent . and the People's National Party Popular and the National Unity be determined to a large extent Neither with the dogma nor government of Jamaica made Government of Bolivia, led bY by the pressure of international the practice of apartheid v:ill a decisive contribution to demo- Hernan Siles Zuazo and Jaime pubfic opinion. we ever compromise. We re- cratic socialism and to the new Paz Zamora, in its struggle to At the same time we remind ject both absolutely. Equally, international economic order, restore the democratic Process our European members that we condemn all forms of not only in the Caribbean but brutally interrupted bY a vicious their countries' participation in facism wherever they may to developing nations around military dictatorship. We Plead the economic life of the region occur. We will continue to work the world. It is clear that ex- with a1l the parties concerned should not help to legitimise with all elements of the South ternal factors inherent in the to deny recognition and to military dictatorshiPs, as has African resistance, especially inequality in the existing econ- maintain the isolation of this often been the case. the ANC and SWAPO, in their omic order, and its institutions, regime. We express our horror struggle to defeat apartheid. led to the deterioration of the at the murder of socialist leader SOCIALISM IN THE 1980s We call for the immediate re- economic and social situation Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz The Socialist International plays lease of Nelson Mandela and in Jamaica and had an in- at the hands of the militarY an increasingly important role Herman Toiva ja Toivo and all fluence on the outcome of the junta. in the fight for more political

23 Socialist lnternationa[ Eongres 1980

power to achieve, step b_v step, the planning and execution We will strive for the liberation of the already fragile the goals we have set out here. stages; of women and the fulfilment of international financial While the political pendulum (ii) a guarantee of minimum our eommitment that wornen system; has swung to the right in some working conditions as de- have the right to play an equal (iii) provide significant assist- parts of the rvorld, the Social- fined by the ILO: role in all aspects of life. ance to remedy chronic ist International has continued (iii) anticipatory structural re- balance-of-payments de- to strengthen cooperation, unity adjustment programmes in 4. MULTINATIONAL ficits; and solidarity among demo- the industrialised countries; CORPORATIONS (iv) create fair commodity cratic socialists. (iv) a massive transfer of inter- pricing We believe that the power of regimes and access The presence of many pro- national income to develop- to global markets; gressive movements and parties ing countries; corporations must be sub- (v) ordinate to the interests of establish an emergency at this congress reflects our (v) emergency measures to deal production pro- people their democratic food commitment to work with other with the especially serious and gramme; governments. For the Socialist progressive movements toward problem of unemployment (vi) help production International the implementa- stimulate common goals. among women and youth, for domestic consumption This does not mean that there tion of economic democracy include in third -world countries is a single democratic socialist 3. ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY must control of the promote multinational corporations and intraregional model valid for the entire The fundamental distinction trade. world. But we wil[ struggle for between democratic socialists through international legislation and intergovernmental We welcome the commitment the right to self-determination and other democratic forees agree- goals ment, to these in the Brandt for all people. rests in our conviction that Commission report. We endorse We believe there are answers economic and social human the upcoming summit rneeting 5. THE NEW to many of the problems set out rights are as essential as the 1981 on these crucial ques- INTERNATIONAL in above. traditional human rights. tions, organised by SI Vice- The struggle for economic just- ECONOMIC ORDER President Bruno I. PEACE AND SECURITY Kreisky and ice and democracy contains the As a ffrst step to a new inter- the Mexican President Lopez We reject the thesis of global following elements: national economic order im- Portillo. We also strongly sup- dominance by the superpowers. G) wor[ing men and *o*Jn mediate action is needed to: port the thesis of mutuality of Rather cooperation and nego- have the right to control (i) implement reform of the interest and global interde- tiation on the basis of equality their lives in their places international monetary peodence so well articulated by and rnutual respect is the only of work, and thus we are system and its institutions, the Brandt Commission report. answer. partrers with the trade- especially the International New rounds of negotiations are union movement in this Monetary Fund and the 6. IN CONCLUSION the way to arms control and struggle; World Bank; the IMF must As we approach the next disarmament. ln addition, uni- (ii) human dignity rests on the end its practice of impos- century, we pledge ourselves to Iateral steps by respective ability to be masters of ing unacceptable conditions the battle to create a progres- governments can contribute to one's own fate and not of credit which frustrate sive option for humanity. That this process. solely upon material con- progress towards social is what democratic socialism The Socialist International can- sumption; justice in third - world is all about. not be a direct intermediary, (iii) the right to employment countries; It is our movement, through the but we see this issue as a key without discrimination be- (ii) bring immediate relief implementation of these ideals, priority and we will use our tween the sexes or ethnic from the massive debt which will best secure for future influence in any area and groups; problems which are crush- generations the goal of an through any avenue to press the (iv) the guarantee that the ing the nations of the international community based superpowers and the inter- work environment will be South, and which also can upon PEACE, FREEDOM and national community to achieve both healthy and safe. Iead to a chaotic collapse SOLIDARITY. a meaningful breakthrough in this process. In this respect, it is ironic that some apparently believe that disarmament can be achieved NEW MEMBER PARTTES OF'THE through increased arms pro- duction. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL This congress has adopted the report of the Sbcialist Inter- Full member parties: national Study Group on Dis- armament. Its concrete recom- Ecuador Izquierda Democrdtica mendations form a programme Grenada New Jewel Movement of action. The Socialist Inter- Guatemala Partido Socialista Democr6tico national and its member parties will fight to implernent its prin- Lebanon Parti Progressiste Socialiste ciples. Upper Volta Front Progressiste Voltaique 2. THE ECONOMIC CRISIS Consultative member parties: Employment is a central prior- ity for democratic socialists. In (Netherlands Antilles) Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo the industrialised countries, Curagao (Netherlands Antilles) Movementu Antiyas Nobo economic planning, aimed at job creation and increased pro- Israel United Workers'Party (MAPAM) ductivity is the way to combat unemployment. PARTIES OR ORGANISATIONS WIilCH HAVE CHANGED But in order to solve the even THEIR MEMBERSI{IP STATUS greater unemployment problem in the developing countries a The Partido Revolucionario Febrerista of Paraguay has become a worldwide approach is necess- full member party ary. Such a world employment plan The International Falcon Movementlsocialist Educational Inter- would encompass: (i) the participation of the national has become a fraternal organisation trade-union movgment, North and South, in both

24 FEDERAL GERMAIIY Mitsu Kaneko Social Democratic Party of Tamio Kawakami Germany Hiroshi Nukui Hans-Juergen Wischnewski Shozo Sugiyama lisI of Hans-Eberhard Dingels Eiji Yasui Horst Ehmke Takeo Amatatsu Klaus Matthiesen Mitsuo Tanaka Christa Ranzio-Plath Masaru Yoshida Wolfgang Roth REPUBLIC OF KOREA psrtiripsnls Karsten Voigt United Socialist Party GREAT BRITAIN Kim Chul The Labour Party Pil Kyun Shin Alex Kitson LUXEMBOURG Joyce Gould Socialist Workers' Parfir Ron Halward Robert Krieps Joan Lestor Robert Goebbels J€nny Little Lydie Schmit MALTA Labour Party Social Democratic Party Danny Cremona Joe Grima CHILE Kjartan Johannsson SOCIALIST Kristin Gudmundsdottir Alex Trigona INTERNATIONAL Badical Party NETIISTLANDS Sule IRELANI) President Anselmo Labour Party Ayala The Labour Party Willy Brandt Luis Joop den Uyl Nora Maluenda Frank Cluskey General Secretary Liesbeth Baarveld Carlos Morales Tony Brown Bernt Carlsson Relus ter Beek Segundo Morales Niall Greene Eveline Herfkens Ricardo Navarete ISRAEL MEMBER PARTIES Labour Party Gind van Tijn ARGENTINA DENMARK Maarten van Traa The Social Democracy Shimon Peres Popular Socialist Party Nava Arad Klaas de Vries Victor O. Garcia Costa Anker Joergensen Max van der Stoel Budtz Yossi Beilan Nestor Martinez Eraso Lasse NORWAY Inge Fischer Moller Israel Gat Carlos Alberto Perez Funes Shlomo Hillel Labour Party Carmen Moreno Knud Heinesen Ejner Hovgaard Christiansen ITALY AUSTRALIA Socialist Party Labor Party Kjeld Olesen Annelise Dorum Jytte Andersen Joan Taggart Michele Achilli Ivar Leveraas AUSTRIA Steen Christensen Aud Blegen Svindland REPUBLIC Margherita Boniver Socialist Party DOMINICAN PORTUGAL Dominican Revolutionary Giuseppe Scanni Bruno Kreisky Valdo Spini Socialist Party Anna Demuth Party M6rio Soares Jos6 Francisco Pefia Gomez Paolo Battino Vittorelli Hertha Firnberg Mario Zagari Rui Mateus Heinz Fischer Abrahan Bautista Alcdntara Espinal Felice Besostri Leopold Gratz Fulgencio Unitary Socialist Party Leonor Sdnchez Baret Polanco Enrico Boselli Walter Hacker Tiziana Gibelli Pier Paolo Gasperoni Fritz Marsch Cotubanama Dip Emilio della Balda Hugo Tolentino Francesco Gozzano Leopold Wagner Jiri Pelikan Dominique Morolli Guillermo Rivera SENEGAL Gonzalez Carlo Ripa di Meana BSP Dolores Socialist Party Alba Tevenin ITALY Karel van Miert Luz del Ldopold S6dar Senghor Sirena Garrido Social Democratic Party Oscar Debunne Giuseppe Saragat Caroline Diop Jos van Eynde EL SALVADOR Bara Diouf National Revolutionary Antonio Cariglia Marc Galle Ivanka Corti Barthelemy Faye Gerrit Kreveld Movement Djibo Ka Guillermo Ungo Pietro Longo Jos Vanelewyck Franco Nicolazzi Moustapha Niasse PSB Hector Oqueli Habib Thiam Fernando Valero Pier Luigi Romita Andrd Cools Carlo Vizzini Birahim Ba Ivon Briefnot Milton Josd Colindres Ibrahima Fall FINLAND Maria Mezza Robert Denison Gian Piero Orsello Laily N'Diaye Irine Pdtry Social Democratic PartY SPAIN Kalevi Sorsa Alicia Redel I-ucien Rodoux Angelo Scavone Socialist YYorkers' Party Emy Spelkens Marianne Laxen Felipe Gonzalez Helvi Saarinen Marcella Schiatti Philippe Dutilleul Adeline Vultaggio Josd Federico de Carvajal CANADA Ulf Sundqvist Elena Flores Pentii Viiiiniinen JAMAICA People's National Party Alfonso Guerra Edward Broadbent Raimo Vayrynen .Manley Emilio Menendez del Valle Ilpo Manninen Michael David Lewis Paul Miller Fernando Moran Dennis MacDermott FRANCE Manuel Marin Socialist PartY Robert Pickersgill Robin Sears JAPAN Josd Rodriguez de la Borbol Muriel Smith Frangois Mitterrand SWEDEN Jean-Pierre Chdvenement Democratic Socialist Party Johanna den Hertog Roo Watanabe Social Democratic Party Ron Johnson Jean-Pierre Cot Olof Palme Lionel Jospin Yutaka Kondo Terry Sargent Moriyuki Suzuki Gerd Engman Daniel Mayer Anita Gradin Vdronique Neiertz Sachiko Taguchi National Liberation Party Saburo Tsukamoto Bengt Save-Soderbergh Daniel Obuder Michel Rocard Pierre Schori Pierre Brana Hanako Watanabe Rolando Araya Socialist Party Gunnar Stenarv Roberto Mesen Vega Philippe Farine Axel Andersson Lebas Ichio Asutata Yves Evert Svensson Robert Pontillon

25 Socialist lnternational tongres 1 980

SWITZERLAND Dobrin Stamenov ASSOCIATEI) ARGENTINA Social Democratic Party ORGANISATIONS Hayde Birgin Ren6 Felber Socialist Party (SUCEE) CSPEC Eduardo Romanin Andreas Lutz Yohannes Mihkelson Joop den Uyl Diego May Zubiria Elfi Schopf Madli Kurdve Bruno Friedrich BOLIYIA Jean Ziegler Ernest Glinne Movimiento da Ia Izquierda USA Social Ilemocratic Party Friedrich Roll Revolucionaria I)emocratic Socialist (sucEE) IFMISEI laime Paz Zamora Organising Committee Andor Bolcsfoldi Jacqui Cottyn Julio Aliaga Lairana LATYIA Even Rusten Movimiento Naeionalista Jim Chapin Social Democratic Party Labour Zionist Movement Revolucionario de fzquierda Diana Chapin (sucEE) Roger Ascot Mario Belarde Nancy Lieber Dorado Bruno Kalnins Jewish Labour Bund Mult Zelmanowicz Atis Lejins Abraham Finesilver Botswana Democratic USA Party Joel Litewka Patrick Bagwasi Social Democrats USA Social Democratic Party SUCEE David Dorn BRASIL (sucEE) Vilem Bernard Partido Democratico Samuel H. Friedman Jouzas Vilcinskas Imants Gross Trabalhista Carl Gershman POLAND Bolaynva Vani Montana Cunha Socialist Party (SUCEE) OBSERVERS FROM NON. Paulo Madeiros Fanny Simon Stanislaw Wasik MEMBER PARTIES AND Vera Matthias Adrian Karatnycky L. V. Talko ORGANISATIONS Josd Carlos Mendes YUGOSLAVIA COPPPAL CZECHOSLOVAKIA CONSULTATIVE PARTIES Socialist Party (SUCEE) Alfonso Zegbe Sanen Listy Group CYPRUS Marko Milunovic International Confederation of Zdenek Hejzlar Edek Socialist Party Mirko von Gjurkovecki Free Trade Unions Charter 77 Takis Hadjidemetriou 0tto Kersten Jiri Lederer PARAGUAY FRATERNAI, AFGHANISTAN CHILE Febrerista Revolutionary Party ORGANISATIONS Social Democratic Party Ancieto Rodriguez Ricardo Lugo Rodriguez IUSY Amin Wakman EAST TIMOR Euclides Acevedo Hilary Barnard ALGERIA Arturo Acosta Luis Caceres Front de Liberation Nationale Mari Alkatini Ruben Barreiro Joseph Cap Sliman Hoffman Josd Luis Gutierrez Manuel Rivarola Rafael Castillo Abdelkader Bounekraf Rique Rodriguez VENEZUELA Walter Marossi Mohamed Oudane ECUADOR Democratic Action Jukka Oas ARGENTINA Izquierila Democrdtica Gonzalo Barrios Socialist International Women €onfederacitin Socialista Raul Baca Carlos Andres Perez Pierrette Biraud Andres Lopez Acoto Gonzalo Cordova Octavio Lepage Irmtraut Leirer Alfredo Braro Guido Zembrano Enrique Tejera Enrica Lucarelli Emilio Corbieri EGYPT Carmen Mestre Ruben Visconti National l)emocratic Party CONSI,'LTATIVE PARTIES Pim Rebel ARGENTINA EXILE Boutros Boutros-Ghali IN Jean Tansey Partido Socialista Unificado Mohamed Abdella Sim6n Liizara Saad El-Farargi Social Democratic Party Juana Charma (sucEE) Mohamed Moustafa EI-Said Mdximo Ghioldi Kahau El-Shazly Milka Kraus Mohamed Mokbel

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:i 26 Progressive National Unionist NETHERLANDS ANTILLES, USA Party Movimiento Liberal de Ia CURACAO Socialist Party Milad Hanna Izquierda Democritica Movem?ntu Antiyas Nobo Kenrick G. Kissel Socialist Labour Party Jorge Arturo Reina Ronald A. Casseres WESTERN SAHARA Leila Takla Jorge Illescas Frente POLISARIO NICARAGUA Mahmoud Benatar EL SALVADOR INDIA Frente Sandinista ile Fernandes Ben-Blal Ismail Frente l)emocrdtict George Liberaci6n Nacional Hoda Abdellaoui Revolucionario Mohamed S. Bayardo Arce Rafael Menjivar ISRAEL Joaquin Cuadra Bonzeid Ali Srinchez United Workers' Party Rutilio Miguel D Escoto (MAPAM) National Independence Luis de Sebastian Hertie Lewites Uniteil Zakin Party ERITREA Dov Silvia McEwan Eritrean Liberation Front KOREA PANAMA Henry Matipa Union Overseas Koreans ZIMBABWE Habte Tesfamariam of Partido Revolucionario Zazet Democracy anil Uniffcation (PF) Omar for Democr6tico ZANU ETHIOPIA Channing Liem S. Mubengegwi Nils Castro Choi ZAPU Me'isone K. W. Gerardo Gonzalez Gobizie Negede S. B. Chung Antonio Landero Robledo R. Mabhachi GAMBIA M. S. Lim People's Progressive Part5r Isang Yun Partido Aprista Peruano FROM Alhaji Mohammadou Lamin LEBANON APOLOGIES Armando Villanueva del Campo MEMBER ORGANISATIONS Shao Parti Progressiste Socialiste Fernando Leon de Vivero GRENADA Douried Yaghi DAP, SOUTH AFRICA Labour Party New Jewel Movement MEXICO African National Congress Zealand Labour Party Partido Revolucionario New Unison Whiteman Paul-Louis Ravelson lreland SDLP Institucional Northern Rudolph Hagley Black Consciousness Movement Partyt Alma Delia Garcfa Ramirez Republican People's GREECE of Azania Flores Turkey Party of Demoeratic Socialism Carlos Jeff Dumo Baqwa Charalambos Protopapas MOROCCO APOLOGTES FROM Union Socialiste des Forces Christoph Kourouklis CCM INVITED OBSERVERS PASOK Populaires Anna Abdalla Abdal Rahman Youssoufi CZECHOSLOVAKIA Spyros Posantzis Kapinga (Charter Alaoui Osmund H. 77) Dimitri Chryssiko Poulos Mehdi (in prison) NAMIBIA Kighoma Malirna Rudolf Baltek GUATEMALA REPUBLIC OF KOREA Partido Socialista Democr:itido SWAPO Mouvement d'Unit6 Populaire Kim Dae Jung Gallardo Flores A. Hiwanwa Shihepo Carlo Ahmed Ben Salah (in prison under sentence of Frente Democr6tico Contra S. Kaukunsua Zouari NEPAL Abdelkader death) Ia Represirin I,]PPER VOLTA Martinez B. P. Koirala NAMIBIA Mario Solozano Front Progressiste Yoltaique Toivo Ja Toivo Frente Unido de Ia Revoluci6n NETHERLANDS ANTILLES, ARUBA Joseph Ki-Zerbo (in prison life sentence) Ana de Colom SOUTH - Movimiento Electoral rli URUGUAY AFRICA GI.ITANA Convergencia Democrftica Nelson Mandela People's Alliance Pueblo Working Justino Zavala (in prison life sentence) Gilbero F. Croes Moses Bhagwan Frente Amplio - HAITI Henry Fingal URUGUAY Remy Zaandam Hugo Villar Liber Seregni MODELH (in prison) Gerard Lafontant

27 lchio Asukata