Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Leading Early American Scholarship since 1943

2013 Annual Report This report highlights programs, publications, and development for 2013 (the academic, From the Director calendar, and fiscal year as appropriate).

In my first year as Director the questions I hear most frequently are versions of “what’s new at the Institute?” Having just celebrated the Institute’s 70th birthday, and with a distinguished tradition of promoting and producing excellent scholarship, we obviously embrace plenty of important continuities. But I understand the genesis of the questions. There is no doubt that we are in a period of accelerated change in academic organization, research, and publication. Figuring out how we will navigate these changes into the next decades is quite important. Most importantly, we need to ensure that we articulate and conserve our values even as we give them new application, whether in programs or publications.

When I say “we” and refer to “the Institute” I don’t just mean our staff and offices in Williamsburg. The Institute is a community of people devoted to the enduring value of excellent scholarship. As authors and manuscript reviewers and above all readers of Insti- tute publications, as Institute conference presenters, organizers, and attendees, as Council and Board members and past members, as Institute friends, supporters, and Associates this community is vigorous and rigorous.

Since 1943 our community’s commitment to supporting scholars and scholarship on the expansive history of early America has made possible the Institute’s conferences and events, our fellowship programs, and our distinguished scholarly publications, a very fine book series and the William and Mary Quarterly. That mutual commitment will remain at the heart of developing Institute programs and publications.

Karin Wulf Executive Board and Council Members, FY2012-2013

The Executive Board Members of the Omohundro Institute’s Executive Board determine matters of policy and have responsibility for the financial and general management and for resource development of the Institute. The Executive Board consists of six members: three elected by the Board and three ex officio members (the chief education officer of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the chief academic officer of the College of William & Mary, and the chair of the Institute Council).

• Michael R. Halleran, College of William & Mary • Barbara B. Oberg, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University • James Horn, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Robert C. Ritchie, Huntington Library (Chair) • Philip M. Jelley (July 2012-May 2013) • Paul S. Sperry (elected May 2013) • Sidney Lapidus

The Council of the Institute Members of the Council are typically drawn from the academic community. Councilors advise the Institute director and the Executive Board on policy, programmatic, and professional matters of concern to the Institute and serve on one of the Council’s three standing committees: the William and Mary Quarterly Editorial Board, the Book Publications Committee, or the Programs Committee.

• Holly Brewer, University of Maryland • Jennifer L. Morgan, New York University • Nicholas P. Canny, National University of Ireland, Galway • Barbara B. Oberg, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University (Chair) • John P. Evans (ex-officio), University of North Carolina Press • Susan Scott Parrish, University of Michigan • Alison F. Games, Georgetown University • Daniel K. Richter, McNeil Center for Early American Studies, • Margaretta Markle Lovell, University of California, Berkeley University of Pennsylvania • Peter C. Mancall, University of Southern California • Brett Rushforth, College of William & Mary • Cathy D. Matson, University of Delaware • Stuart B. Schwartz, Yale University • Roderick A. McDonald, Rider University • Lorena S. Walsh, Independent Scholar • Joseph C. Miller, University of Virginia

1 The William and Mary Quarterly Volume 70

January 2013 April 2013

The Raw and the Cold: Five English Sailors in Introduction: Centering Families in Atlantic Histories Gold Coast Merchant Families, Pawning, and the Sixeenth-Century Nunavut by Julie Hardwick, Sarah M. S. Pearsall, and Karin Wulf Eighteenth- Century British Slave Trade by Peter C. Mancall by Randy J. Sparks Marriage, Family, and Ethnicity in the Early Spanish Toussaint before Louverture: New Archival Findings Caribbean “He is the master of his house”: Families and Political on the Early Life of Toussaint Louverture by Ida Altman Authority in Counterrevolutionary Montreal by Philippe R. Girard and Jean-Louis Donnadieu by Nancy Christie Defying Social Death: The Multiple Configurations The Absentee Planter and the Key Slave: Privilege, of African Slave Family in the Atlantic World “The Christened Mulatresses”: Euro-African Families Patriarchalism, and Exploitation in the Early by James H. Sweet in a Slave-Trading Town Eighteenth-Century Caribbean by Pernille Ipsen by Keith Mason Moving Mestizos in Sixteenth-Century Peru: Spanish Fa- thers, Indigenous Mothers, and the Children In Between Generational Conflict in Revolutionary France: Widows, Kaskaskia Social Network: Kinship and Assimilation by Jane E. Mangan Inheritance Practices, and the “Victory” of Sons in the French-Illinois Borderlands, 1695-1735 by Denise Z. Davidson and Anne Verjus by Robert Michael Morrissey Familiar: Thinking beyond Lineage and across Race in Spanish Atlantic Family History Sources and Interpretations by Bianca Premo

The “framing of a new world”: Sir Balthazar Gerbier’s “Project for Establishing a New State in America,” ca. 1649 by Vera Keller

2 The William and Mary Quarterly Volume 70

July 2013 October 2013 Sources and Interpretations The Development of Mastery and Race in the Compre- Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, Banqueting Houses and the “Need of Society” among hensive Slave Codes of the Greater Caribbean during and the British Slave Trade Slave-Owning Planters in the Chesapeake Colonies the Seventeenth Century by Kathleen S. Murphy Appendix: Method and Historic Structures Reports by Edward B. Rugemer by Cary Carson Indian Storytelling, Scientific Knowledge, and Power in Sinning Property and the Legal Transformation of the Florida Borderlands Hebraism and the Republican Turn of 1776: A Abominable Sex in Early Bermuda by Cameron B. Strang Contemporary Account of the Debate over Common Sense by Heather Miyano Kopelson by Eric Nelson Geomythology on the Colonial Frontier: Edward Taylor, Massacre, Mardi Gras, and Torture in Early New Cotton Mather, and the Claverack Giant Orleans by Amy Morris by Sophie White

Sources and Interpretations

Child Labor and Schooling in Late Eighteenth-Century New England: One Boy’s Account by Carole Shammas

The Testimony of Thomás de la Torre, a Spanish Slave by Alejandra Dubcovsky

3 Books published in 2013

Freedom’s Debt The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672–1752 William A. Pettigrew

Ireland in the Virginian Sea Colonialism in the British Atlantic Omohundro Institute Audrey Horning

Love in the Time of Revolution BOOKS Transatlantic Literary Radicalism and Historical Change, 1793–1818 published in 2013 Andrew Cayton

The Dividing Line Histories of William Byrd II of Westover Kevin Joel Berland

The History and Present State of Virginia A New Edition with an Introduction by Susan Scott Parrish Robert Beverley

4 Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 Conferences

September 6–9, 2012 May 24–25, 2013 British Group in Early American History Annual Conference WMQ–EMSI Workshop: “Before 1607” University of St. Andrews and University of Dundee The Huntington Library Emma Hart and Matthew Ward, Program Chairs Karen Ordahl Kupperman, New York University, Convener Attendees: 52 Papers Submitted: 24 Attendees: 58 Papers Submitted: 17

March 14–16, 2013 June 13–15, 2013 Africans in the Americas: Making Lives in a New World, 1675–1825 19th Annual Institute Conference University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland Laurent Dubois, Program Chair Philip D. Morgan, Program Chair Attendees: 107 Papers Submitted: 123 Number of institutions represented: 54 Attendees: 162 Papers Submitted: 89 Number of institutions represented: 160

Travel Scholarships for Faculty and Graduate Students from Developing Countries

The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Travel The Omohundro Institute is pleased to have awarded funding to the following Scholarship Fund for Faculty and Graduate Students from Developing participants in 2012–2013 Institute conferences: Countries offers an annual travel scholarship award to support participation “Africans in the Americas: Making Lives in a New World, 1675–1825” at the in an Institute conference. The fund was established in 2010 through the University of the West Indies (March 14–16, 2013) generous support of Paul S. Sperry and Beatrice H. Mitchell. • Professor Adebayo Lawal, University of Lagos This scholarship fund enables the Institute to strengthen its connections with • Professor Cyriaque Akomo Zoghe, University of Mar Bongo, Gabon outstanding faculty and graduate students in developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas.

5 Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 Colloquia

September 11, 2012 February 19, 2013 Catherine Molineux, Vanderbilt University Elena Schneider, Omohundro Institute NEH Fellow “Tall Tales from Timbuktu: The African Bootstraps of a Renegade English “Cuba and the Imperial Imaginary in the Eighteenth Century” Servant” March 26, 2013 October 2, 2012 Carolyn Eastman, Virginia Commonwealth University Guillaume Aubert, College of William & Mary “‘The Case of Designers’: Toward a Social History of Engravers and the Popular- “Beyond the Codes NOIRS? Religion and the Making of Slave Law(s) in ization of Visual Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Anglo-Atlantic World” the Early Modern French Atlantic” October 23, 2012 Predoctoral Fellowships Nicholas Popper, College of William & Mary Lapidus–OIEAHC Fellowship for Graduate Research in Early American “Scholar, Sailor, Courtier, Spy?: The Intellectual Context for Elizabethan Print Culture Expansion” With the commitment of an individual donor, the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture offered four $500 fellowships to support advanced November 13, 2012 graduate student research related to “Slavery and Print Culture” in the Early Alejandra Dubcovsky, Yale University American and transatlantic world. The initial group of fellowships was awarded “The Carolina Connection, English Networks in the Southeast, 1670-1711” in Spring 2013 to the following individuals: January 22, 2013 • Myron Gray, “The Music of Franco-Philadelphian Politics, 1778–1801,” Peter Thompson, St. Cross College, University of Oxford University of Pennsylvania “Social Death and Slavery: The Logic of Political Association and the Logic of Chattel Slavery in Revolutionary America” • Ryan Hanley, “Black Writing in Britain, 1770–1830,” University of Hull February 5, 2013 • Alyssa Zuercher Reichardt, “A New War: French, British, and Iroquois Ernesto Bassi, Cornell University Imperial Communication Networks and the Contest for the Ohio “Popular Geopolitics in an Age of Change: Contemporary Interpretations Valley,” Yale University of Atlantic Revolutionary Transformations in the Southwestern Caribbean” • Asheesh Siddique, “Daring to Ask: The Questionnaire and the Problem of Knowledge in the Late Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic Enlighten- ment,” Columbia University

6 Postdoctoral Fellows 2013 The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture offers a two-year postdoctoral fellowship in any area of early American studies. A principal criterion for selection is that the candidate’s dissertation or other manuscript have significant potential as a distinguished, book-length contribution to scholarship. A substantial portion of the work must be submitted with the application. Applicants may not have previously published or have under contract a scholarly monograph, and they must have met all requirements for the doctorate before commencing the fellowship. Those who have earned the Ph.D. and begun careers are also encouraged to apply. The Institute holds first claim on publishing the appointed fellow’s completed manuscript.

During the two year-appointment, Fellows devote most of their time to research and writing, work closely with the editorial staff, and participate in colloquia and other scholarly activities of the Institute. In addition to a stipend, the fellowship provides office and research facilities as well as some travel funds for conferences and research. Fellows have access to all research facilities, lectures, and events at the College of William & Mary and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Fellows hold concurrent appointment as visiting assistant professor in the appropriate department at the College of William & Mary and teach a total of six semester hours during the two-year term.

Paul Polgar, 2013–2015 • Omohundro Postdoctoral Fellow “Standard Bearers of Liberty and Equality: Reinterpreting the Origins of American Abolitionism”

Allison Bigelow, 2012–2014 • NEH Postdoctoral Fellow “Mining Empire, Planting Empire: The Colonial Scientific Literatures of the Americas”

Laura Keenan Spero, 2012–2013 • Omohundro Institute Postdoctoral Fellow “‘Stout, Bold, Cunning and the greatest Travellers in America’: The Colonial Shawnee Diaspora”

Elena Schneider, 2011–2013 • NEH Postdoctoral Fellow The Occupation of Havana: Slavery, War, and Empire in the Eighteenth Century – publication pending

7 Development Report July 1, 2012–June 30, 2013

The Omohundro Institute appreciates the generosity and dedication of its supporters to its mission of leading early American scholarship since its 1943 founding. The Institute has distinguished traditions as well as a terrific record of innovation over its seven decades, and the support of Institute Associates as well as gifts directed to fund specific projects help the Institute continue its tradition of both supporting excellence in early American scholarship and exploring new initiatives to enhance this mission.

Annual Giving by Associates Annual gifts from Associates play a key role in supporting the Institute and its contributions to the field of early American studies through our programs of publications, fellowships, and conferences. Associates’ contributions provide unrestricted support for the Institute’s programs, and these contributions account for 8 percent of the Institute’s budget. From July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2013, 881 individuals joined the Associates, including 85 new members and 796 renewing members, and made gifts totaling $158,424.

We are deeply grateful to the individuals listed for your support in 2013.

Thank you

8 Associates Christian Belena Jeff Broadwater Douglas B. Chambers Joseph Daragan J. L. Bell Charles E. Brodine, Jr. Thomas A. Chambers Cornelius P. Darcy Joseph M. Adelman Mathias D. Bergmann John L. Brooke Abby Chandler Richard R. Davis Ian J. Aebel Edmund Berkeley, Jr. Richard D. Brown Joyce E. Chaplin Cornelia Hughes Dayton Christopher M. Agnew Ira and Martha Berlin Stanford Brown Philander D. Chase Jonathan DeCoster Joseph Aieta, III Virginia Bernhard Scott M. Browne Robert L. Cheever, Jr. Jonathan Den Hartog Elizabeth Urban Alexander Winfred E. A. Bernhard Robert Brugger Megan L. Cherry Andrew Detch John K. Alexander John Bezís-Selfa Thomas E. Buckley Guy Chet Christine Styrna Devine Robert J. Allison Warren M. Billings Richard Buel, Jr. Keith Kyongyup Chu David P. and Carol H. Dewar David Amiot Christopher Bilodeau Kyle T. Bulthuis Ronald H. Clark Helen Dewar Chad L. Anderson Margaret and Bob Birney Brian Burke Paul G. E. Clemens Steven Deyle Robert Anderson Ryan M. Bishop Rand Burnette John Coakley Stephen Diamond Virginia and Fred Anderson Michael Blaakman Edwin Burrows Luca Codignola-Bo Robert J. Dinkin Dee E. Andrews Leland Blair Anna Lankford Burwash Cheryll Ann Cody Angela DiPaolo Edward E. Andrews Daniel D. Blinka Richard Bushman Stephen H. Coe Toby L. Ditz Zara Anishanslin Robert M. Bliss Amy Turner Bushnell Charles L. Cohen Heriberto Dixon David Armitage Ruth Bloch Jon and Ronnie Butler Daniel A. Cohen John M. Dixon Thomas F. Armstrong Olwyn Blouet Kevin C. Butterfield Kenneth Cohen Walter Dixon Douglas M. Arnold Rory Boatright James B. Byers Esther Coke Thomas M. Doerflinger Kathryn A. Askins Wayne Bodle W. Patrick Cady Tony Connors Alexsana Donne James Axtell Heidi Bohaker David Caldwell Edward M. Cook, Jr. Rhoda M. Dorsey Matthew R. Bahar Richard J. Boles Robert Calhoon Louise Cornell James D. Drake Royanne Chipps Bailey Patricia U. Bonomi Nicholas Canny Christopher M. Cortright Sandra Ryan Dresbeck Bernard Bailyn Douglas K. Bosley Alan Capps Seth Cotlar Gerald R. Dreslinski Thomas L. Baker Philip P. Boucher Céline Carayon Elizabeth M. Covart Kathleen Duca-Sandberg Shelby M. Balik Alexander O. Boulton Jesse Cardillo Caroline Cox Ron Dufour James M. Banner, Jr. Stephen S. Bowen Andrew J. Cardinal Annette M. Cramer van Mary and Richard Dunn Paul E. Baran Suzanne Geissler Bowles Kathleen Carey-Kroll den Bogaart Tracy Dunstan William D. Barber James C. Bradford William Cario Elaine Forman Crane Kathleen DuVal Juliana Barr José António Brandâo Paula Wheeler Carlo Michael J. Crawford Jonathan Eacott Gary A. Barranger Kathryn H. Braund Benjamin L. Carp Robert E. Cray Steven C. Eames M. Kathleen Bartoloni-Tuazon Earl P. Breen Roger M. Carpenter Daniel W. Crofts Carolyn Eastman Michael Batinski Timothy H. Breen Vincent Carretta Jason A. Crotty S. Max Edelson Deborah L. Bauer Amy Breimaier Amy Carson Matthew Crow Max M. Edling Frederick M. Beatty William Breitenbach Cary Carson John E. Crowley Gail Edwards Willis L. Beck Francis J. Bremer William Carter George Curley Marc Egnal Justin P. Bednarz Elaine G. Breslaw John Catanzariti Christopher M. Curtis A. Roger Ekirch Richard Beeman Megan R. Brett Andrew Cayton Nick Daffern Ruth B. Ekstrom Rosalind J. Beiler Holly Brewer Ava Chamberlain Sara T. Damiano Carol J. Eliason

9 Brenda Ellinghouse George W. Franz John Grigg Adele Hast Marjorie and Jack Holl John Elliott Sylvia Frey Mac Griswold April Lee Hatfield Shawn A. Holl Joseph J. Ellis Donald R. Friary Sara Sidstone Gronim Michael D. Hattem Timothy K. Holliday Carter Eltzroth Jerry Frost Ann and Robert Gross R. L. Hatzenbuehler Woody Holton Yasuo Taisei Endo Darcy R. Fryer Don R. Groth Gregory J. Hawkins Travis Holtzclaw Victor Enthoven Niklas Frykman Ira D. Gruber Robert Haynes Adrienne D. Hood Meghan Essington Mary Babson Fuhrer Charles Grymes Tetsugen Eric Heintz Daniel Hopkins Robbie Ethridge Joseph Gagné Michael Guasco K. S. Hele James Horn Winifred Evans Robert Galgano Michael Gunther Jordan Helin Audrey Horning Andrew Fagal Mary A. Y. Gallagher Sandra M. Gustafson Suzette Hemberger Thomas A. Horrocks Jordan A. P. Fansler Alan Gallay Matthew Rainbow Hale C. Dallett Hemphill J. F. Houseright Larry C. Farley Marcus Gallo David D. Hall Christopher E. Hendricks Donald G. Housley, Jr. Lenore Farmer Alison Games C. Jason Hall Anthony S. Henits R. Peyton Howard Roger J. Fechner Jane N. Garrett Timothy D. Hall James Henretta Daniel W. Howe Clyde R. Ferguson David Barry Gaspar Van Beck Hall Amanda E. Herbert Michael E. Hower Melissa Coy Ferguson Erika Gasser Michael R. Halleran Holly Herbster David Hsiung John E. Ferling Christopher D. Geist Joseph W. Halpern Ruth Wallis Herndon Carter L. Hudgins Mary Ferrari Nancy and Henry George Sean Halverson Rodney Hessinger Marion Huibrechts Thomas C. Fey Don R. Gerlach David J. Hancock Christine Leigh Heyrman Daniel J. Hulsebosch Ben Fiedler Alexander Gigante Harold Hancock and Elizabeth Ed Hilferty Carol Sue Humphrey Norman Fiering Richard P. Gildrie L. Maurer Eric Hinderaker Deborah J. Hurst Sharon Tevis Finch Paul A. Gilje Mark G. Hanna Paul K. Hines John W. Ifkovic Robert Fippinger Jay L. Gitlin Jared Ross Hardesty Peter P. Hinks Robert J. Imholt Caitlin Fitz Travis Glasson H. DeForest Hardinge Michael Hittleman Raymond Irwin David T. Flaherty Lorri Glover John B. Hardman Courtney C. Hobson Thomas Isaac Mark S. Fliegelman Joyce D. Goodfriend Stephen G. and Beatriz B. Hardy Daphne Degazon Hobson Nancy Isenberg Brian Focarino John D. Gordan, III Brett Harper Steven H. Hochman David Jaffee Robert M. Fockler Robert Gottke Steven Harris-Scott David Errette Hodgson Eric Jarvis Aaron Spencer Fogleman Philip Gould Tim Harris Christopher Hodson Michael J. Jarvis Stephen Foster Rosa Pinea Grant Jo Collier Hart Henry B. Hoff J. Edward Jay Teresa Bass Foster Edward G. Gray John F. Hart Alisha Hoffman-Mirilovich Patricia and Philip Jelley Thomas A. Foster Daniel A. Greenbaum Devon Frederick Harvey Warren R. Hofstra Louis G. Jenis Charles R. Foy Kristen Griffin Sean P. Harvey Marianne Holdzkom Matthew Jennings

10 Raymond J. Jirran Martha J. King Timothy Leech Pauline R. Maier Robert McFadden Mary Carroll Johansen Peter J. King William P. Leeman Dennis J. Maika Richard McGuinness Richard R. John Jeffrey E. Klee Richard Leffler Gloria Main Sheila McIntyre Walter Johns Susan E. Klepp Michelle LeMaster Micahel Maloney James McLachlan Donald F. Johnson Michael Klimas Csaba Levai Peter C. Mancall Donald B. McLellan Herbert A. Johnson Sean P. Klimek Jed Levin Elizabeth Mancke Lucia McMahon Lloyd Johnson Fred D. Klug Gene Lewis Daniel R. Mandell Andrew McMichael Richard R. Johnson Thomas Daniel Knight William D. Liddle Bruce H. Mann Robyn Davis McMillin Elwood Jones Andrea Knutson Robert Liftig Douglas F. Mann Paul McNaull Robert F. Jones Richard H. Kohn Susan Lim Paul W. Mapp Robert B. McOsker Sondra Jones John G. Kolp Janet Moore Lindman John M. Marchetti Mary M. Meese T. Cole Jones Alfred S. Konefsky James A. Lindner Maeva Marcus Thomas B. Mega Anthony M. Joseph David Thomas Konig Barbara J. Lindsay Ted Maris-Wolf James H. Merrell Carla M. Joy Kathleen Kook Daniel Livesay Thomas A. Marks Jane T. Merritt Jacob Judd Zachary Kopin Susan M. Llewellyn P. J. Marshall Donna Merwick-Dening Lawrence S. Kaplan Mark Kopper Lisa M. Logan Andrew Martin Peter Messer Marjoleine Kars Gary J. Kornblith Anne Lombard Bonnie Martin John J. Meyer John and Joy Kasson Thomas W. Krise Stephen C. Lonek James Kirby Martin Maureen S. Meyers Stanley Katz John D. Krugler Creston Long Keith Mason Priscilla J. Mick Yasuhide Kawashima Karen Ordahl Kupperman Rupert Chas. Loucks Cathy Matson Robert Middlekauff Mary Kelley Julia Kuykendall Tessa and Al Louer Suzanne C. Matson Ellen G. Miles Sean Kelley Susan La Serna Richard Loutzenheiser William B. Maxwell, III Charles Miller Kevin P. Kelly Michael A. LaCombe John M. Lovejoy Holly A. Mayer David W. Miller Paul Kelton Robert S. Lambert Margaretta Markle Lovell S. Elaine McChesney Don Miller Neil Kennedy Ned C. Landsman Jessica K. Lowe Michael N. McConnell Joseph C. Miller Scott Kennedy Andrew Lannen Jean-François Lozier T. B. McCord, Jr. George Edward Milne Linda K. Kerber Sid Lapidus Wendy Lucas John G. McCurdy Kenneth P. Minkema Ralph Ketcham Patrick Laurin Maxine N. Lurie John J. McCusker Diane Minor John F. Kettner Priscilla Lawrence Hank D. Lutton Marie Basile McDaniel Amanda B. Moniz Thomas S. Kidd Michael R. Lazerwitz James G. Lydon Edd McDevitt Stacey L. Moore Cynthia A. Kierner Philip LeDuc James C. Mackay, III Roderick A. McDonald Joseph R. Morel Mark Killenbeck Jacob F. Lee Christopher P. Magra Michael A. McDonnell Edmund S. Morgan Sung Bok Kim Wayne E. Lee Gaston Magrinat Jeanne E. McDougall Gwenda Morgan

11 Jennifer L. Morgan Thomas P. O’Dea Richard W. Pointer Donna J. Rilling Douglas W. Sanford Philip D. Morgan Izumi Ogura Erik Poland Liam Riordan Steve Sarson Richard J. Morris Howard A. Ohline Angeline Polites Norman K. Risjord Jonathan D. Sassi Bart Morrison Yuhtaro Ohmori Richard D. Pougher Robert C. Ritchie Daniel Sauerwein Robert Michael Morrissey Greg O’Malley Paul M. Pressly Strother E. Roberts Bunji Sawanobori George T. Morrow, II Peter Onuf Daniel Preston Tom Robertson John R. Sawicki Mike Mortimer Andrew J. O’Shaughnessy Benjamin Price W. Stitt Robinson Ian Saxine Dirk Mouw Julia Osman Jenny Hale Pulsipher David W. Robson Gordon Sayre Matthew Mulcahy Dennis A. O’Toole Louis N. Pyster Seth Rockman Leslie Scarlett Carla Mulford Philip Otterness JoAnne McCormick Quatannens Thomas Rodgers James Schaefer Steven M. Mullin Paul Otto James B. Quigley Scott Rohrer Patricia M. Schaefer Daniel S. Murphree Kenneth Owen Bruce A. Ragsdale Susanah Shaw Romney Richard Schlichting Kathleen Murphy Keith Pacholl Jack Rakove Donald M. Roper Dale J. Schmitt John Murrin Aaron J. Palmer Jean W. Raleigh Lou Roper Elena Andrea Schneider Gary B. Nash Edward C. Papenfuse Philip Ranlet Amanda Rose Douglas Schoppert John K. Nelson Anthony Parent Robert Ratliff Richard J. Ross Constance B. Schulz Marion C. Nelson Jon William Parmenter Robin and James W. Rawles, Jr. Elizabeth Carnes Rowland Philip J. Schwarz W. Christopher Nelson Susan Scott Parrish Kristofer Ray James A. Roy Stuart B. Schwartz Daniel C. Newcomb Christopher M. Parsons Paul C. Reber Bill Rozar Brian J. Scott Simon Newman Christopher L. Pastore Marcus Rediker Jane Gregory Rubin Anthony J. Scotti, Jr. Michael L. Nicholls Christine Sternberg Patrick Stephen A. Reed Edward B. Rugemer James F. Sefcik David A. Nichols Micah Pawling Alyssa Zuercher Reichardt Francois-Joseph Ruggiu Jason Sellers Stephen Nissenbaum Thomas Peace John G. Reid Brett Rushforth Jon Sensbach Gregory Nobles Sarah M. S. Pearsall Elizabeth Reis and Matthew Dennis Jean B. Russo Gloria Sesso Evelyn Thomas Nolen William Pencak Frank Reischerl J. Elliott Russo Tom Shachtman Mark A. Noll John L. Pensinger James Rice Paul W. Rutherford Carole Shammas David Nord Edwin J. Perkins Myra L. Rich Dennis P. and Joanne Wood Ryan Timothy J. Shannon Mary Beth Norton Nathan Perl-Rosenthal Daniel K. Richter David Harris Sacks Jason T. Sharples Dael Norwood Carla Gardina Pestana Julie Richter John Saillant Jack Shaw Barbara B. Oberg Thomas R. Pickles Whit Ridgway Gaspare Saladino Jenny Shaw Michael Leroy Oberg Jim Piecuch Janet A. Riesman Sharon V. Salinger Harlow W. Sheidley Greg O’Brien G. Kurt Piehler Thomas Rightmyer Neal Salisbury Charles E. Shields, III Jean M. O’Brien Joshua Piker Charles Riley Linda K. Salvucci David Shields

12 Crandall Shifflett J. Court Stevenson John W. Tyler Camille Wells Gordon S. Wood David J. Silverman David Stewart-Smith Bee McLeod and Goody Tyler Robert V. Wells Peter H. Wood David L. Simpson, Jr. James M. Stine, Jr. Robert Tyszkowski Charles Warner Wendell Stephen B. Wood Diana C. Simpson William K. B. Stoever Daniel H. Usner Thomas Wermuth Conrad E. Wright David C. Skaggs Gaynell Stone Mark Valeri Vincent C. West Anita Jones and Bill Wulf Sheila Skemp John R. Struck John and Andrea Van de Kamp Jonathan R. Wheeler Andros Z. Xiourouppa Richard S. Sliwoski Nancy L. Struna Joanne van der Woude Gwendolyn K. White Lynda Yankaskas Herbert Sloan Karen Stuart David E. Van Deventer Jack Hutchins White Mel Yazawa Stephanie E. Smallwood William Sullivan John C. Van Horne Michael J. White Kevin Yeager Barbara Clark Smith Carolyn H. Sung Roy Brien Varnado Shane White Neil York Billy G. Smith Eric A. Swanson Alden T. Vaughan William E. White J. William T. Youngs F. Todd Smith Nick D. Swanstrom Anne Verplanck Susan T. Wiard Serena R. Zabin Gregory A. Smith C. Jan Swearingen John W. Via, III Edward L. Widmer Natalie A. Zacek Paul H. Smith Kevin M. Sweeney James Viator Gareth Williams Rosemarie Zagarri Robert F. Smith Rosamaria Tanghetti Danny Vickers Glenn F. Williams Kyle F. Zelner Wilson Smith Jordan E. Taylor Monty Vierra James H. Williams Martha A. Zierden Carroll Smith-Rosenberg Sean Taylor Christian Vieweg Matthew Williams Michael Zuckerman John Smolenski Clark D. Tew John Vlad William Willingham Anonymous Holly Snyder Robert E. Thomas David William Voorhees David W. Wills Terri L. Snyder Mark L. Thompson Joseph Robert Wachtel Kathleen Wilson Jean R. Soderlund Robert Polk Thomson David Waldstreicher Lisa Wilson Matthew J. Sparacio Tamara Plakins Thornton Lorena S. Walsh T.E. Wilson Randy J. Sparks Daniel B. Thorp Shuichi Wanibuchi Julie Winch Amy Speckart Peter J. Thuesen Bryan H. Ward John Wing Eric Spector Kari Thyne Hays T. Watkins Barbara C. Wingo Laura Keenan Spero Al Tillson Alan D. Watson Douglas L. Winiarski Paul S. Sperry Larry E. Tise Donald E. Watts Michael Winship Linda Sponenburgh Christopher Tomlins Stephen Saunders Webb Calhoun Winton Robert B. Starke, Jr. Len Travers David A. Weir Marianne S. Wokeck Ryan Staude Rosemarie Tsubaki-Roeren Robert M. Weir Eva Sheppard Wolf Ian Steele Damon Turner John C. R. Welch Thomas A. Wolf Stephen J. Stein James Turner John Welch, II Stanley D. Wolfersberger

13 Thank you Gifts to Specific Projects

In FY2013, fund raising for specific projects included expendable and endowment gifts and pledges in support of the Institute’s one-year postdoctoral fellowship, predoctoral fellowships, and funding for historical editing fellowships for Institute apprentices.

OIEAHC Postdoctoral Fellowship Fund

To recognize the retirement of Institute Director Ronald Hoffman on June 30, 2013, the Institute’s Executive Board decided to honor his two decades of leadership by seeking permanent funding support for the Institute’s one-year postdoctoral fellowship. As of June 30, 2013, the Institute had received gifts and pledges (expendable and endowed) totaling $192,330 from donors. Of that total, $130,800 in gifts/commitments is expendable bridge funding for the one-year postdoctoral fellowship. The additional $61,530 in gifts and pledges created the Ronald Hoffman Fund for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture One-Year Postdoctoral Re- search Fellowship at the College of William & Mary Foundation. The establishment of the fund was announced at the May 4, 2013, Executive Board and Council Dinner as a surprise to honor Director Hoffman upon his retirement. We gratefully acknowledge below the donors who made gifts in support of this initiative between July 1, 2012–June 30, 2013.

Virginia and Fred Anderson John Elliott Martha J. King Daniel K. Richter Dee E. Andrews Winifred Evans Richard H. Kohn Whit Ridgway James Axtell Alison Games Gary J. Kornblith Robert C. Ritchie and Louise N. Ritchie Virginia Bernhard The Gilder Foundation Sid and Ruth Lapidus Jean B. Russo Warren M. Billings Allan Greer Helena Hoas and Ken Lockridge Neal Salisbury Robert M. Bliss Ira D. Gruber Margaretta Markle Lovell Carole Shammas Ruth Bloch Sandra M. Gustafson Gloria Main David C. Skaggs Elaine G. Breslaw Michael R. Halleran Bruce H. Mann Sheila Skemp Rand Burnette Ann and Charles Hobson Mary M. Meese Beverly A. Smith Anna Lankford Burwash Shawn A. Holl Robert and Beverly Middlekauff Jean R. Soderlund Jon and Ronnie Butler Adrienne D. Hood Ellen G. Miles Beatrice H. Mitchell and Paul S. Sperry Richard R. Davis Lawrence S. Kaplan John Murrin Alden T. Vaughan Toby L. Ditz Marjoleine Kars Linda J. Nicholls and Michael Hays T. Watkins Thomas M. Doerflinger John and Joy Kasson L. Nicholls James H. Williams Mary and Richard Dunn Mary Kelley Barbara B. Oberg and Perry Leavell Anonymous Kathleen DuVal Linda K. Kerber Greg O’Malley

14 Fellowships in Historical Editing

The Fellowship in Historical Editing program offers talented young history graduate students the opportunity to build upon the skills acquired as Institute editorial apprentices during the academic year. The fellowships support continued editorial work throughout the summer following the apprenticeship and make a significant contribution to the Institute’s ability to maintain the high standards for which all of its publications are known.

The Colonial Dames of America renewed its annual support for the Institute’s Fellowship in Historical Editing for 2013 with a gift of $5,000. Gifts from the Colonial Dames have supported the fellowship program since 1996. A gift of $3,000 from the College of William & Mary’s Christopher Wren Association funded a second Fellowship in Historical Editing in 2013. This gift was the Wren Association’s seventh in support of the editing fellowship. The Order of Americans of Armorial Ancestry (OAAA) renewed its support for a sixth year and provided two $1,000 OAAA Grace DeuPree Fellowships.

The recipients of the 2013 Fellowships in Historical Editing were:

• Colonial Dames of America Fellow Amelia Butler • Christopher Wren Association Fellow Ian Tonat • OAAA Fellow Kristen Beales • OAAA Fellow Lynch Bennett

15 Omohundro Institute Conference Fund

The Omohundro Institute does not charge registration fees for its conferences, including its annual meeting, and thus invites conference participants to consider making a voluntary contribution to help support the costs associated with these annual scholarly meetings. In FY2013, 57 individuals contributed $3,471 to the OIEAHC Conference Fund. We thank the individuals listed below for their contributions to this fund.

Peter J. Albert C. Dallett Hemphill Kristofer Ray Jennifer Anderson Michael Hittleman Alex Roland Douglas M. Arnold Daniel Hopkins Marty Ross Juliana Barr Mary Carroll Johansen Jean B. Russo Alain Beaulieu Marjoleine Kars J. Elliott Russo Elaine G. Breslaw Daniel Krebs David Ryden James F. Brooks Patrick Leonard Timothy J. Shannon Amy Turner Bushnell Gloria Main David J. Silverman Scott E. Casper Elizabeth Mancke Sara Sonet Matthew Crawford Holly A. Mayer Matthew J. Sparacio Eleanor S. Darcy Turk McCleskey Karen Stuart Thomas M. Doerflinger Matthew Mulcahy Giovanni Venegoni Kathleen DuVal Barbara B. Oberg Sophie White S. Max Edelson Greg O’Malley Adam Wiater Carla Gerona Paul Otto John Wing Annette Gordon-Reed Eileen Perkins Elizabeth S. Wolf Jack P. Greene Carla Gardina Pestana Thomas A. Wolf Emma Hart Paul J. Polgar Anonymous April Lee Hatfield Paul M. Pressly

16 Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Staff Transitions During 2012–2013, the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture saw a number of staff retirements and transitions. Ronald Hoffman retired as Institute Director on June 30, after twenty-one years leading the Institute. Sally D. Mason, Assistant to the Director also retired on June 30 after two decades at the Institute. Gil Kelly retired in January 2013 after thirty years at the Institute as Managing Editor of Publications. With the publication of St. George Tucker’s Law Reports and Selected Papers, 1782–1825 in Fall 2012, Charles F. Hobson and Joan S. Lovelace have also retired from the Institute.

In addition to the retirements, William and Mary Quarterly Editor Christopher D. Grasso completed thirteen years with the Institute and returned to full-time teaching in the William & Mary History Department on June 30, and the Quarterly welcomed Visiting Editor Eric Slauter for 2013–2014. With Karin Wulf’s appointment as the new Institute Director, Brett Rushforth took over as Quarterly Book Review Editor. The Quarterly also welcomed two new staff members: Assistant Editor Carol Arnette and Office Assistant Tracy Hess. In Book Publications, Virginia Montijo Chew was promoted to Managing Editor, and Kathy Burdette was promoted to Senior Project Editor. A new Manuscript Editor, Kaylan Stevenson, also joined Book Publications.

Staff Listing

Karin Wulf, Director ([email protected]) Fredrika J. Teute, Editor of Publications ([email protected]) Nadine Zimmerli, Assistant Editor ([email protected]) Beverly A. Smith, Manager, Institute Administration ([email protected]) Virginia Montijo Chew, Managing Editor ([email protected]) Kimberly Foley, Webmaster ([email protected]) M. Kathryn Burdette, Senior Project Editor ([email protected]) Martha Howard, Assistant to the Director & Digital Editor ([email protected]) Kaylan M. Stevenson, Manuscript Editor ([email protected]) John Saillant, Electronic Editor, H-OIEAHC ([email protected]) Adam Zimmerli, Librarian and Archivist ([email protected]) Editorial Assistants 2012-2013 Kristen Beales Shawn A. Holl, Director of Development ([email protected]) Lynch Bennett Melody L. Smith, Donor Relations Coordinator ([email protected]) Amelia M. Butler Bill Leon Smith Eric Slauter, Visiting Editor, WMQ ([email protected]) Ian Tonat Brett Rushforth, Book Review Editor ([email protected]) Margaret T. Musselwhite, Managing Editor ([email protected]) Carol Arnette, Assistant Editor ([email protected]) Kelly Crawford, Office Manager ([email protected]) Tracy S. Hess, Administrative Assistant ([email protected]) P.O. Box 8781 757.221.1114 www.oieahc.wm.edu Williamsburg, Virginia 23187–8781

Leading Early American Images On the cover: “Jamaica Negroes Cutting Canes in their Working (1943) • Sir William Johnson, Major General of the English forces in Scholarship since 1943 Dresses.” Frontispiece, Henry T. De La Beche, Notes on the Present America, engraved by Charles Spooner after a portrait by T. Adams. The Omohundro Institute of Early American History Condition of the Negroes in Jamaica. (London, 1825) Courtesy, the John (London, 1756) • “[Battleships performing naval maneuvers].” Carter Brown Library at Brown University • Histoire Naturelle des In- From Naval Evolutions: or a system of sea discipline. (London, 1762) • and Culture is the oldest organization in the United des, also known as the Drake Manuscript. (ca. 1586) Courtesy, the Mor- “[Woman beating cassava, Jamaica],” Sugar estate—Negroes cutting States exclusively dedicated to advancing the study, gan Library & Museum • Queen and her Suite by Carlos Julião. (18th cane, “[View of Negro Village, Jamaica],” by William Berryman. research, and publication of scholarship bearing on century) Courtesy, Biblioteca Nacional, Brazil. This image also appears (1808–1816) • A Grand Jamaica Ball! Or the Creolean hop a la muftee; on www.slaveryimages.org, compiled by Jerome Handler and Michael as exhibited in Spanish Town, published by William Holland. the history and culture of early America, broadly Tuite, and sponsored by the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (London, 1802) • Virtual Representation, 1775. (London, 1775) • “The construed, from circa 1450 to 1820. Our scope includes and the University of Virginia Library. • Finish’d Horses. Matchem and British Colonies in North America engraved by William Faden.” North America and related histories of the Caribbean, Tray in Running at New-Market, by W. Elliott and T. Smith. Print. • From William Faden, The North American Atlas . . . (London, 1777) Latin America, Europe, and Africa. Since 1943 the In- (London, 1758) Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Details • Unus Americanus ex Virginia, by Wenceslaus Hollar. (Antwerp, from the following pieces were used throughout this report • From the 1645) • “Le Captaine Stedman fait écorcher le Serpent Aboma après stitute has published The William and Mary Quarterly Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Spring Fishing, by an unknown l’avoir blesse” (skinning a snake to extract oil). From John Gabriel and books, and sponsored conferences and fellowships. artist. (ca. 1825) • Tasting, after work by John Nixon. (London, 1784) Stedman, Voyage à Surinam dans l’interieur de la Guiane… (Paris, • Inset detail depicting beavers from A New and Exact Map of the Do- 1798) • Created especially for the WMQ, October 2013 • Routes The College of William & Mary and the Colonial minions of the King of Great Britain on the Continent of North America, of the British transatlantic slave trade ca. 1563–1810 (arrows) and by Herman Moll. (London, 1715) • [Enslaved Girl], by Mary Anna provenance of Petiver’s natural history specimens (place names of Williamsburg Foundation founded the Institute of Randolph Custis. (1830) • “Chasseur nègre armé” (armed manumitted colonies or towns). Drawn by Rebecca Wrenn. • Reconstructed view Early American History and Culture and continue to slave) and “Bateau couvert, ou Barge d’une Plantation.” From John Ga- looking east toward entry porch to Sir William Berkeley’s residence jointly sponsor its work. In 1996 the College and Colo- briel Stedman, Voyage à Surinam dans l’interieur de la Guiane… (Paris, (background), James City County, Virginia. Drawing by Roger nial Williamsburg added Omohundro to the Institute’s 1798) • “A Man and Woman of the Ottigaumies.” From Jonathan Guernsey, architect, after Cary Carson. • Plan and reconstructed Carter, Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the Years east (front) and south elevations, Lewis Burwell’s Fairfield plan- name in recognition of a generous gift from the late 1766, 1767, and 1768. (London, 1781) • Representation du Fer terrible a tation, 1694, enlarged by his son before 1721, Gloucester County, Mr. and Mrs. Malvern H. Omohundro, Jr. Nouvelle Yorck, by François Xavier Habermann. (Augsburg, ca. 1778) • Virginia. Drawings by Jeffrey Klee after Richard Anderson, Willie America in Flames. (London, 1774). • Detail, “The Principall Islands in Graham, and Cary Carson. • From The Huntington Library • “An America Belonging to the English Empire…,” by Philip Lea. (London, Account of the Contrayerva, by Mr. William Houstoun, Surgeon in ca. 1698) • From the Library of Congress • “An Indian Warrior, the Service of the Honourable South-Sea Company,” Philosophical Entering his Wigwam with a Scalp.” From Thomas Anburey, Travels Transactions 37 (October–December 1731). Courtesy of the Hun- through the Interior Parts of America. (London, 1789) • Photograph of tington Library, San Marino, California. the Governor’s Palace, Williamsburg, Virginia by Howard R. Hollem