Jazyk a Jazykoveda V Interpretácii

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Jazyk a Jazykoveda V Interpretácii UNIVERZITA KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA, KATEDRA SLOVENSKÉHO JAZYKA Občianske združenie slOvenčina jazyk a jazykoveda v interpretácii EDITORKY Oľga OrgOňOvá KATARÍNA MUZIKOVÁ zuzana pOpOvičOvá sedláčkOvá UNIVERZITA KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE | 2014 OBSAH Predslov 7 I. INTERPRETÁCIA A JAZYKOVEDA Lingwistyka wobec zwrotu interpretacyjnego w humanistyce 11 Stanisław Gajda (Opole) Interpretace řeči a interpretace řečí 17 Recenzentky: Doc. PhDr. Ada Böhmerová, M. A., PhD. Jan Kořenský (Olomouc) Mgr. Jana Kišová, PhD. Interpretácia a autonomizácia 21 Juraj Dolník (Bratislava) Editorky: Prof. PhDr. Oľga Orgoňová, CSc. Mgr. Katarína Muziková, PhD. II. INTERPRETÁCIA A SOCIÁLNO-KULTÚRNE Mgr. Zuzana Popovičová Sedláčková, PhD. KONTAKTY Česko-slovenské jazykově kulturní vztahy: nová situace 33 Redakčné spracovanie: Mgr. Alena Bohunická, PhD. Mgr. Katarína Muziková, PhD. Ivo Pospíšil (Brno) Mgr. Zuzana Popovičová Sedláčková, PhD. K interpretácii inakosti sociálnej menšiny telesne postihnutých Grafická úprava: Mgr. Marek Mikušiak v diskurznoanalytickej perspektíve 43 Oľga Orgoňová – Paula Postihačová (Bratislava) Obálka: Milan Pagáč K interpretaci jinakosti v českém jazykovém prostředí 57 Korektúry résumé: Doc. PhDr. Ada Böhmerová, M. A., PhD. Jana Svobodová (Ostrava) Prestíž ako motivačný faktor pri preberaní cudzích jednotiek Publikácia vychádza s finančnou podporou grantu Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity a špecifiká nárečovej adaptácie (na príklade historických Komenského v Bratislave FG 10/2014 a grantu VEGA 2/0085/12 Cudzosť v sloven- germanizmov) 68 skom jazykovo -kultúrnom prostredí. Gabriela Múcsková (Bratislava) Specifika různojazyčné lexikální synonymie 81 © Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra slovenského jazyka Diana Svobodová (Ostrava) © Občianske združenie Slovenčina Prejavy dominancie v genderovom diskurze 91 Kristína Piatková (Bratislava) ISBN 978-80-223-3695-6 Diskurz ohrozovanej rodiny (Postoje k cudzosti v neverejnom IV. INTERPRETÁCIA A POUŽÍVATELIA JAZYKA diskurze) 100 Interpretace indexikálních výrazů v českém dialogu 195 Alena Faragulová (Bratislava) Jana Hoffmannová (Praha) Sociologické a kultúrne špecifiká interkultúrnej komunikácie 107 Syntax mluvené češtiny 203 Jana Lauková (Banská Bystrica) Jiří Zeman (Hradec Králové) Francúzske osobné neurčité zámeno ON ako výzva pre III. INTERPRETÁCIA A METODOLÓGIA interpretačnú kompetenciu recipienta v rámci jazykovo Gramatika (posuvnej) hranice 117 heterogénnej komunikácie 209 Miroslav Dudok (Bratislava) Zuzana Puchovská (Bratislava) Celostnost jako metodologický princip lingvistické analýzy 126 Oldřich Uličný (Olomouc) V. INTERPRETÁCIA A JAZYKOVÝ SYSTÉM Z novších interpretácií hraníc frazeológie 131 Aspektuálno-temporálno-modálne korelácie 223 Jozef Mlacek (Ružomberok) Pavol Žigo (Bratislava) O některých základních problémech jazykové struktury 140 Substantiva tvořená sekundární kompozicí a jejich status ve slovotvorném systému češtiny 234 Ivo Vasiljev (Praha) Patrik Mitter (Ústí nad Labem) Ako niečo robiť slovami... a zarobiť (poznámky k lingvistickému inštrumentalizmu) 146 Sémantika a pragmatika gramatického čísla; aspekt slovotvorný 244 Alena Bohunická (Bratislava) Miloslav Vondráček (Praha) Jazyk ako inštitúcia 155 Nominalizacje w języku i w tekście – konfrontacja polsko- -słowacka. Zarys problematyki 254 Marek Mikušiak (Bratislava) Maryla Papierz (Krakow) Interpretačná perspektíva sociolektov v rámci stratifikácie národného jazyka 161 Variantnosť a kodifikácia (na príklade Czambelovej kodifikácie) 260 Zuzana Popovičová Sedláčková (Bratislava) Katarína Muziková (Bratislava) Archaizmus či „kváziarchaizmus“? (Na margo archaizmov Interpretace deminuce v češtině 270 v slovenských nárečiach) 171 Jana Bílková (Hradec Králové) Viera Kováčová (Ružomberok) Podstatné mená pomenúvajúce osobu ženského pohlavia Využití prozodické transkripce v interpretaci prozodické roviny vzhľadom na vek v slovenčine a srbčine 277 komunikace ze sociolingvistického hlediska 181 Stefana Paunović Rodić (Belehrad) Zuzana Pospěchová (Olomouc) Slovenské predložkové konštrukcie s adverbiálnym významom PREDSLOV vo vyučovaní cudzincov 284 Ľudmila Žigová (Bratislava) Súčasná jazykoveda sa vyznačuje otvorenou diverzifikovanosťou. Roztvá- ra sa tematicky aj metodologicky, hľadá kontakty s najrozličnejšími vednými disciplínami, preberá fundamentálne idey a nové prístupy, inšpiruje sa duchov- VI. INTERPRETÁCIA A TEXT ným svetom odborov, využíva ich pojmoslovie, a tak neustále rozširuje svoj obzor Muka obraznosti – hra se slovy, jejich formou i významem jako a obohacuje svoju pojmovo-terminologickú bázu. Toto jazykovedné „bujnenie“ sa prostředek atrakce cílové skupiny 295 začalo povestným komunikačno-pragmatickým obratom pred takmer polstoročím, keď sa pozornosť lingvistov začala čoraz koncentrovanejšie presúvať na jazyk ne- Hana Srpová (Ostrava) zbavený jeho životného prostredia a životodarnej miazgy, ako aj na jeho interakciu Diskurzné stratégie a kolektívna pamäť v politickom s rozmanitými stránkami jeho nositeľov. Lingvistika inovovala vlastnú dynamiku, a masmediálnom diskurze o súčasnom konflikte na Ukrajine 305 ktorá sa azda najvýraznejšie prejavuje v prudkosti jej obratov, čo je aj demonštrá- ciou jej paralelnosti s dynamikou humánnych a sociálnych vied. Aj ona vstúpila Zdenko Dobrík (Banská Bystrica) do éry obratov, do obdobia obracania pozornosti a myslenia na nové východiská, K jazykové interpretaci proměn etnické identity 312 perspektívy s novými zámermi, cieľmi. Na jednej strane lingvista jednotlivec strá- ca prehľad o svojom odbore, nedokáže ani len orientačne sledovať celé rozpätie Alena Jaklová (České Budějovice) diania v ňom, ale na druhej strane stojí pred nesmierne bohatou empirickou aj te- Argumentace a manipulace v novoročních projevech oreticko-metodologickou ponukou, z ktorej môže ťažiť vo vlastných výskumoch. československých prezidentů 322 V období suverénnej vlády štrukturalistickej, systémovej lingvistiky časť ja- zykovedcov prežívala a aj si uvedomovala pragmatickú krízu vlastného odboru. Jindřiška Svobodová (Olomouc) Paradigmu, v ktorej boli lingvisti uviaznutí, nepociťovali len ako epistemologickú Jazykový obraz smrti Gustáva Husáka a Václava Havla v českém reštrikciu, ktorá sa ďalej nedá udržiavať, ale aj ako izolovanosť vlastného po- znávania od reálneho životného diania, a teda ako deficit v zmysle opisovania tisku 332 a vysvetľovania jazyka. Stimulom tohto pocitu bola určite čoraz agresívnejšia Lukáš Zábranský (Hradec Králové) pragmatizácia sociálneho života – presadzovanie hesla „Naprogramovať sa na bezprostrednú užitočnosť a úspešnosť v spoločnosti“ –, ale aj aktualizácia potreby Kognitívna frazeológia a synergetická povaha frazémy ako nachádzať „poľudštený“ zmysel vo vlastnej práci, priame spojenie s reálnym živo- antropocentrická sféra jazyka 341 tom človeka a society. Malo to znamenať radikálne odstúpenie od obmedzujúcej Zuzana Kováčová (Nitra) paradigmy, od skúmania zákonitostí jazykových štruktúr a jazykového systému. Lingvistická prax ukazuje, že na čoraz rozsiahlejšom jazykovednom poli spo- Učebnice slovenského jazyka na základných školách lunažívajú systémovo orientované bádateľské aktivity s výskumami založenými s vyučovacím jazykom maďarským 352 na skôr pragmatickom chápaní náuky o jazyku. Koexistenciu takto poznačených Ľudmila Benčatová (Bratislava) jazykovedných výskumov demonštruje aj táto publikácia, vrátane spomínanej ide- ovej a metodologickej diverzifikovanosti. Reklamní komunikát jako předmět interpretace 360 Predkladaná kolektívna publikácia je založená na interpretácii jazyka v naj- Kamila Mrázková (Praha) širšom zmysle, teda „jazykovosti“ vykladanej ako „jazyk v rozmanitých preja- voch“. Pravda, výraz interpretácia sám podlieha rozličným interpretáciám, čo sa premietlo aj do tejto publikácie, ktorá tak nedemonštruje len spomínanú diverzifi- kovanosť, ale aj pestrosť výkladu jazyka v rozmanitých prejavoch, a to bez ohľadu na to, či sa interpretácia explicitne vyskytuje v texte. Pre čitateľskú orientáciu 7 ucelené texty sú usporiadané naznačením, čoho sa interpretácia týka: interpretácia a ... Úvodná kapitola označená ako „Interpretácia a jazykoveda“ osvetľuje túto ak- tivitu v spätosti s jazykovedou z troch pohľadov a po nej nasledujú kapitoly, ktoré ponúkajú výklady prejavov jazyka aj s viac alebo menej výrazným upriamovaním pozornosti na metodológiu skúmania danej oblasti jazyka. Globálny text je ukáž- kovým obrazom rozmanitosti súčasných lingvistických výskumov a výkladov a ilustráciou istého výseku súčasného stredoeurópskeho jazykovedného výskumu. editorky I. INTERPRETÁCIA A JAZYKOVEDA 8 Lingwistyka wobec zwrotu interpretacyjnego w humanistyce Stanisław Gajda (Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Opolskiego) Współczesną humanistykę z dużą mocą zdominowała wielka idea interpre- 1. tacji. Wręcz mówi się, iż po epoce wiary i epoce rozumu następuje epoka in- terpretacji (zob. Vattimo, 2010). Przywołuje się sądy F.W. Nietzschego i S. Fisha: „nie ma faktów, są tylko interpretacje” i „niczego poza interpretacją nie ma”. Z dziejów ludzkiej myśli wiemy, iż wielkie idee do pewnego momentu potrafią zawładnąć umysłami, wydając się uniwersalnym kluczem do rozwiązania wielu/ wszystkich niejasnych i trudnych kwestii. Zwykle jednak z biegiem czasu zyskują bardziej realny wymiar. Proponuję tu „chłodne” rozważenie idei interpretacji i paninterpretacjonizmu na tle szerszego kontekstu naukowego i metanaukowego, który stanowią różne dyscypliny nauk humanistycznych. Przywołuję przy tym kategorię zwrotu. Wśród różnych zwrotów w humanistyce
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