Burundi Food Security Monitoring Early Warning System SAP/SSA Bulletin n° 100/February 2011 Publication : March 2011 Cadre Intégré de Classification de la Sécurité Alimentaire au Burundi ►The UNHCR notes that it has facilitated the repatriation of 771 P ériode de janvier à juin 2011 people, taking the total to 511 244 people repatriated since N UNHCRs repatriation programme began in Burundi (in 2002); Giteranyi ►The La Niña phenomenon, which has seriously affected the Bugabira Busoni North-Eastern and Eastern regions of the country through delays Kirundo Bwambarangwe Ntega and deficits in rainfall throughout season 2011A is set to continue Kirundo until May, but with diminishing effects in Burundi; Rwanda Gitobe Mugina Butihinda Mabayi Vumbi ►The final report published by the Joint Crop and Food Security Marangara Muyinga Cibitoke Nyamurenza Gashoho Rugombo Mwumba Muyinga Assessment Mission (CFSAM) for season 2011A points to a 3% Busiga Kiremba Gasorwe Murwi Kabarore Ngozi Bukinanyana Gashikanwa drop in production compared with season 2010A, mainly due to Kayanza Tangara Muruta Ngozi Gahombo Gitaramuka Buhinyuza the La Niña phenomenon; Buganda Gatara Ruhororo Musigati Kayanza Kigamba Bubanza Muhanga ►The food deficit which emanates from the first semester of the Matongo Buhiga Mwakiro Mishiha Bubanza Mutaho Bugenyuzi Gihogazi year is of 498 884 tons of CE, thus a 10% drop in food availability Mpanda Rango Karuzi Cankuzo Gihanga Bukeye Mutumba Rugazi Cankuzo compared with the same period of the previous year ; Mbuye Gisagara Muramvya Bugendana Nyabikere MutimbuziMubimbiMura mvya Shombo Bweru Cendajuru Rutegama Giheta ►The mapping and analysis of food security established Buja Kiganda Isale Mairie Ndava Butezi following the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification KaBnyuosjhaM ugongomanga Gitega Ruyigi Gisuru Nyabiraba Rusaka Nyabihanga Ruyigi framework (IPC) and the Joint Crop and Food Security R RMutarmablu Mwaro Gitega Kabezi Kayokwe D Butaganzwa Assessment Missions (CFSAM) of 2011A indicate that around Gisozi Nyanrusange Makebuko C Mukike Itaba Bisoro Kinyinya Muhuta Gishubi Nyabitsinda 227 092 vulnerable households are in phases of humanitarian Mug amba Ryansoro Bugarama Bukirasazi emergency: the Northern and Eastern depressions, areas highly ie Matana Buraza Musongati Giharo n a affected by hail during season 2011A and in rural integrated Burambi z Buyengero Mpinga-Kayove x{ n villages (VRIs) in the southern provinces; Songa Rutovu Rutanax{ a Bururi Rutana T ►Assistance in emergency agricultural inputs for season 2011B Bururi Rumonge L Gitanga has reached 167 109 of the most vulnerable households; a c x{ Bukemba T x{ Vyanda a ► The WFP office of Burundi has distributed 1 601 tons of food to n x{ g Makamba Kayogoro a Vugizo n 265 929 beneficiaries throughout February 2011 and is y i k Makamba a experiencing an overall deficit of 4365 tons, for the period of April Nyanza_Lac Kibago x{ Mabanda x{ to September 2011; x{ According to UNICEF, an increase in recorded cases of Phase Actuelle ou Imminente ► Généralement en malnutrition has been observed since the end of 2010, most 30 0 30 Km sécurité alimentaire Insécurité alimentaire significant in those provinces most vulnerable to food insecurity. modérée/limite Risque de détérioration de la phase Crise alimentaire aiguë avec crise des moyens d'existence Veille To read in the bulletin … Urgence Humanitaire Risque modéré Famine/Catastrophe Risque élevé humanitaire Evolution of price trends of basic foods on the national markets (2002-2010) 1000 800 600 400 200 Prce(Fbu/kg) 0 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 Jan-05 Jul-05 Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 P.douce Ngozi P.douce Gitega Haricot Ngozi Haricot Bujumbura This monthly bulletin aims to prevent serious nutritional crises and is used to distribute information regarding food security in Burundi. It emanates from the collaboration of FAO, OCHA, WFP, UNICEF, MINAGRIE and [Type text]NGOs operating in the field, with support from donors and notably the EU delegation. Contacts SAP/SSA : [email protected]; [email protected] FAO/CAUR Communications Translation 1. Security and population movements East of the country. This delay in seeding has also affected the harvest period, which is the basis on which the Throughout February 2011, UNHCR facilitated the return prolongation of the hunger gap is based (typical food of 771 people returning from Tanzania; 289 people who shortage between two harvests) on the one hand, and the had fled in 1972, 480 in 1993 and 2 spontaneous. From overlap of seasons 2011A and 2011 B on the other. 2002 until the 28th February 2011, UNHCR has recorded a Subsequently, farmers who typically use seeds produced in total of 511 244 repatriated people. season A for the planting of crops for season B have At the end of the same month, UNHCR registered a total difficulty finding seeds for season 2011B which normally of 1 330 Congolese refugees who are in the process of begins in February. voluntary repatriation which began in October 2010 (in the Bean crop, which had experienced significant drops in context of voluntary repatriation of fleeing Congolese who production in recent seasons, has been the most affected are in Burundi). by these water deficits. Hailstorms, which accompanied the torrential rains of December 2010 and January 2011 have 2. Rainfall Situation systematically shaken all crops of the affected areas, located mainly at high and medium altitudes. February marked the ending of season A and the Moreover, the report published by the Joint Crop and beginning of season B, the latter being the most important Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) for season in Burundi. The rainfall situation which prevailed 2011A, carried out in partnership with MINAGRIE, FAO, throughout season 2011A was very irregular. The La Niña WFP, UNICEF and other national and international weather phenomenon has continued since September 2010 partners, has established that production for season 2011A and has resulted in significant water deficits or delays or is at 255 000 tons of CE (Cereal Equivalent), thus an significant breaks in rainfall observed from September to overall drop of 3% compared to the same season of the December 2010. The regions of Bugesera, Moso, previous year (2010A), which in itself had a low Buyugoma and Bweu; in the North-East, Central-East and production outcome. The below curve displaying the East of the country were the most affected by these water evolution of the overall production for A season displays a deficits at the end of 2010. stabilization beginning in 2007, following significant drops In addition, stormy rainfall and hailstorms were witnessed experienced since the 1990s. from January 2011, leading to severe damage to crops and infrastructures (houses and schools), mostly in the Evolution of total food production for A season regions at high and medium altitudes. The analysts of the from 1993 to 2010 (in thousand tons of CE) Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) 600 point to three levels of hail severity (determined by the 500 crop losses). Level 1 corresponds to losses of less than 400 40%, level 2 corresponds to losses of between 40% and 75%, while level 3 corresponds to losses of 75% and 300 above. Data collected by the SAP/SSA resource point to 200 more than 50 000 households; more than 300 000 100 people, which have been affected by a hail severity of 0 level three and who therefore need urgent agricultural assistance. For the period covered by the beginning of season 2011B, the La Niña phenomenon is set to continue until May 2011, but forecasts for Burundi class normal to excessive rainfall between March and May 2011 as Given that throughout this period the population has probable, according to the Geographic Institute of grown by 3% each year, the per capita production has Burundi (IGEBU). Only the regions of Mugamba and experienced a significant decline. This drop in production Kirimiro could experience slightly below average rainfall is estimated at 44% between season 1993A and 2011A, according to IGEBU. The repercussions of La Niña in and at 12% and 6% respectively for seasons 2007A and Burundi are in effect felt due to rainfall which comes from 2010A. the highly humid air mass of the Congo basin. In addition to the relative drop in production (overall per capita production), the quality of the production has also 3. Agricultural situation been compromised by the continued drop in production of pulses; a crop which is the most sensitive to climate The water deficit characterized by the delay and breaks in related hazards. The ratio of production of pulses rainfall due to the La Niña phenomenon as well as the compared with other groups of crops for season A is of stormy rainfall and hailstorms have constituted some 0.43 in 1993, 0,17 in 2007 and 0.12 in 2011. major hurdles for production from season 2011 A. In effect, the delay in rainfall has displaced, by more than two months, the establishment of the season, most significantly in the regions of the North, North-East and 4. Food access and availability most fragile populations are in phase III having been in phase II in previous seasons. The drop in production for season 2011A affects the level The affected population is estimated to around 227 092 of national food availability during the first semester of households (that is 1 135 460 persons), of whom 25% this year. The final report of the Joint Crop and Food were victims of hail. The risk of a deterioration of the food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) for season 2011A security situation is also aggravated by the banana crop showed that the food balance for the first semester of disease BXW, confirmed by technical services in the 2011 has experienced a food deficit of 498 884 tons of CE.