Ted Nelson and the Citation Analysis of His Concept of Hypertext
Ted Nelson ..&.~,t!x#,-.~~~I Jij ~*'f Ted Nelson and the Citation Analysis of His Concept of Hypertext
.a~ )=J Ming-yueh Tsay .~*.~ ...... ~~ffl.~ Professor, Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies National Chengchi University
~~JIk~ Chu-yuan Cheng i~~L* ••1fl..~ .~. ~,{;~±!!. Graduate Student, Department of Information and Library Science Tamkang University
231
Ted Nelson AJt.;t!x.{4.$.:.t..;) m~*'T Ted Nelson and the Citation Analysis of His Concept of Hypertext
4aMA Ming-yueh Tsay a~A*~ ••~A••*~~M.a Professor, Graduate Institute of Library, Infonnation and Archival Studies National Chengchi University
I~*!& Chu-yuan Cheng j~~.r..A* jf~AIi ••* ~"Ji ±!!. Graduate Student, Department of Infonnation and Library Science Tamkang University
[..-I- Abstract1 Ted Nelson ~-t Vannevar Bush.:t.. Memex 1t1tJI$fj¥ . ~ 1963 ~"t:#JT tk_;t[x.{t-.$ • jt~ 1965 ~it~1 "hypertext" -til· ;t[x.{t--.$.t.ti4tr¥
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I Lauren Wedeles, "Vassar Miscellany News February 3, 1965: Pro f. Nelson Talk Analyzes P.R.I.D.E.," Retrieved November.2,2002, from: http://faculty.vassar.edu/mijoyce/MiscNews_Feb65.html. 2 Theodor H. Nelson, "As We Will Think," in James M. Nyce and Paul Kahn ed. From MEMEX to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine. (San Diego: Academic Press, 1991) ,p.261. 3 Linda C. Smith, "MEMEX as an Image of Potentiality in Information Retrieval Research and Development," in R. N. Oddy et al. ed., In/ormation Retrieval Research (London: Butterworth,. 1981) , pp.261-286. 4 *~ #:f- ' Of 1ft.§. A. Vannevar Bush (I890-1974» ( ~t. ill : x.. III .. ' 2000), 1i 18 0
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5 Linda C. Smith and Paul Kahn, "MEMEX as an Image of Potentiality Revisited," in lames M. Nyce and Paul Kahn ed., From MEMEX to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine ( San Diego: Academic Press, 1991 ), pp.345-369. 6 Hsui-ling Lin, " Theodor H. Nelson," Retrieved May 26, 2003, from: http://www.sis.pitt.eduJ-mbsciass/haIl_oCfame/nelson.htm. 7 Bill Stewart, "Ted Nelson," Retrieved November 2, 2002, from http://www.livinginternet.comlw!wi_nelson.htm.
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P. Wallace, The Relationship Between Journal Productivity and Obsolescence in a Subject Literature, Ph. D Thesis, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, 1985, pp.19-20. 18 "Ted Nelson Bibliography," some excerpts from Computer Lib/Dream Machines( Washington: Microsoft Press, 1987), Retrieved September 6,2002, from : http://www.mprove.de/diplom/referencesNelson.html. -240 Conference) 0 Nelson .:tt. ~ 1f ~ .if-1.l(.1! 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Sweetland, "Humanists, Libraries, Electronic Publishing, and the Future," Library Trends 40 : 4 (Spring 1992) , p. 789. 35 M. B. Gilmore and D. O. Case, "Historians, Books, Computers, and the Library," Library Trends 40 : 4 (Spring 1992) ,p.678. 36 Douglas Engelbart It. ~ -111: 1'" JJl, Bush Memex .,~~ A DEngelbart tft,~ A .~.h-ar~.~ •• ·.f1~· •••*-~~'.~.h-i-A.~* ;j;jj~A.3t#'f;pj.~.f1~' ~.iiJ-i-AT-*"$~ r~.l:.~~J (OnLine System, AA #j. NLS) ~. ~ ,tt ••~ , ~ T • i: i't 1t m j~ *" ~ ~ , ~ 1968 ~-i-I1JI~~.l:.~~-~~~DNLS~-i-Jl~1tT{t*-~.T~%~'.T ~#lit.~~~4f..:t~A~'~~~~.~~Jl~rT~.~l£$~~D 37 J. P. McDonough, "Designer Selves: Construction of Technologically Mediated Identity within Graphical, Multiuser Virtual Environments," Journal ofthe American Society for Information Science 50 : 10 (Auguest 1999) ,p.857. 38 C. Jayawardana, K. P. Hewagamage and M. Hirakawa, "A Personalized Information Environment for Digital Libraries," Information Technology and Llibraries 20 : 4 (December 2001) ,p.188. 39 D. Bawden and L. Robinson, "A Distant Mirror?; the Internet and the Printing press," ASLIB Proceeding 52 : 2 (February 2000) ,p.53. 40 E. T. Dresang, "Influence of the Digital Environment on Literature for Youth: -249 #- I!.. ' ~ J!t. *i!Y III :f...:t *1 ( ownership )-t*t!41; PIT *- *- 111 ... j library of the future) IIp III :f.;tJt~ it1t!:. ~ :x. {fJ 1-::if .I.. ~~; I!.. 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M *' ~t 'i I 111 J, 0 ~ J!t.-t >'1' ' iJ)' -it JJt ~ 'il 111 ~ :x.14=- ~ ~ iX.M*, {fJ:x.!V;.' *-.g~ ~ iJ)':tJI;fij 'il 111 Bush {fJ Memex 1£:t ' hypertext ~ Memex -t M{fJ ~Jl fUl ~ , d:l J!t. iJ)' ar a ~11-":::'" 0 A.Y.g~~ , Mit4d:l1t~:x.{4=--t1l-~' -ffi-M*,~AlB fUl-tA~m:t{fJ h}f it iX.;tJt *" lil fUl h}f '}t Mil!' 1~J ~ : hypermedia' shallow copying' universal library • m:t-tl1it 1t 0 Radical Change in the Handheld book," Library Trends 45 : 4 ( Spring 1997) • p.546. 41 C. Martell, B. Moran and L. Saunders, "The Disembodied Librarian in the Digital age, Part II," College & Research Libraries 61 : 2( March 2000 ), p.1 03. 42 R. A. Amsler, "Machine - Readable Dictionaries," Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 19 ( 1984) , p.161. 43 P. M. Irish and R. H. Trigg" "Supporting Collaboration in Hypermedia - Issues and Experiences," Journal ofthe American Society for Information Science 40 : 3 (March 1989) , p.l92. 44 E. Davenport and G. Mckim, "Groupware," Annual Review ofInformation Science and Technology 30 ( 1995) , p.1l7-118. 45 f5] 1.1 33, p.789 • 46 M. Mhashi, R. Rada, E. Beck and et. al., "Computer - supported Discussion and Annotation," Information Processing & Management 28: 5( 1992 ), p.591. 47 D. Shaw, "Libraries of the Future - Glimpses of a Networked, Distributed, Collaborative, Hyper, Virtual World," Libri44 : 3 (1994) ,p.211. 48 L. C. Smith, "Citation Analysis," Library Trends (Summer 1981) , p.100. -250 (-=-) fF:i'"~ 51 Jfl:ok. ~#t.1t..~fj51 Jfl :>c.Jtt't~1 J*4,lf..:t.PIT:it1ltio ' 465,. 51 Jfl :>c.Jtt~51 Jfl 70 ,. (1Ilt) Nelson ~;f 11' ' Jit. ~t 51 Jfl ::.xit a PIT {5 a 7i- M:. ' #t-f1l-Z :f! -Lt }l1JiJf. ?Ht m- NHt...:::. • JIIHf.: - JW ?11.:t. Nelson ;f fF 11. 54 ,. , ~t. ra1 ~ jE~ »" it :!i .!tl/tiii;.:t. ~Jt~PlTa 0 M:. 70,. (1Ilt) :>c.JttJit.tf~51 Jfl:il~:i'"»" Nelsonm-1981 if-llifd ~ Literary Machines ' ~~t ~I Jfl 151 ::'X ' {5 PIT:Ii ~ ~I Jfl :>c.Jtt ~ 25% 0 ~t."'.1:. .:f. t~ 1it ;f :i'" f.t hypertext PIT 1;It ~ 'M fJ • ~ ... tJ., ;f :i'" ~ ;fa IUllt t - Xanadu ~ #t..:t. 11- ~ »" ~'H4 ' :ltt1it hypertext ~ 1lt -t- lli fd a ~ If J:. ~ ~ Jfl • ;f:i'" 1tlHt. ~ !It. l-:J. ., JJl,:it:! :>c.{t-.:t. :>c.1t- 5t ~( docuverse):fI!t ~. M:. .-1t:it:! :>c.1t-, .{j[ III ... itC digital libraries) a~*J-m~~ (World Wide Web) ~:fI!t~:Ii~~~A.ifii"t' ~'i »" - ~ fl .:t.'- 0 ~Il Jfl ~ I Jfl :>c. Jtt pq ~ 7i- :fit i'! i!- 1fr ~ ;tl!* :>c. Jlt ~ 51 Jfl fi ~ , t.HIUt JJl, 51 Jflit ... :il *- fi ~ -ti :M Nelson f.t:it:! :>c.1t- ~ ;t A a Wf-'" :.It iAif Jit. hJf 11:: 4;faM*&,~~:a:it:!:>c.*:fI!t~~~Jfl~~~~.:t.:it:!.ft~*&aJit.-ti~ If49 'III ~ Jlrt f! ' tt1j[ III .-it50, lli fd 51 a 'it :>c.1t- (1J!j ~ : 1lt -t- ~I'Jfll ' 1lt :f) ~ J.i Jfl 0 52 ~ I Jflit :f Ii - -j: .:f. fi ~ -ti 5i W!l:it:! :>c.1t- ~ ~ ... 'ti. a ~/J nut53 • 3t.i1!.-1frtJtlli~I~H~~;t"Jlijtr' "link" a "hyper" ~~.:f.'ttaJllif!~~· ;it 'ti. 54 , 1~1 ~ : *- *- ~ III .-it ~ ~~ 1I::.:it:! *-" ft 7i 3\ 1. JJl, ~ III .-~ (hypermedia library) 55 ~ , f(. M:. fifi$ 11::. 51 Jfl1! :>c. Jtt.:t. EI ~ *- JJl, • 49 G. Di Girolamo, "Multimedia Methods for the Teaching of Pharmacology," Medicina - Buenos Aires (2001) . 50 M. P. D'Alessandro, J. R. Galvin, S. I. Colbert and et. aI., "Solutions to challenges facing a university digital library and press," Journal ofthe American Medical Informatics Association (2000) . 51 C. Beebe, E. Nedell, M. Song and et. aI., "New Technology and Publishing - 6 Case - studies in Search of a Theory," ASLlB Proceedings ( 1994) , 52 C. Watters, "Information Retrieval and the Virtual Document," Journal ofthe American for Information Science ( 1999 ) 53 J. Plaice, P. Swoboda and A. Alammar, "Building Intensional Communities Using Shared Contexts," Distributed Communities on the Web, Proceedings (2000) . 54 H. Weinreich and B. Lamersdorf" Concepts for Improved Visualization of Web Link Attributes, Computer Networks - the International Journal ofComputer and Telecommunications Networkin (2000) . 55 C. Franklin, "The Hypermedia Library," Database the Magazine of Database Reference and Review 11 : 3 ( 1988) ,pp.43-48. -251 Nelson l-1"f 'f:fIt ~J lfl ::x $- {(.J ~ Computer Library/Dream Machine - .. ' :tHIt~llfl 107::x' 16 17.7%0 Jtl:."~ 1974 m~' pq$.$-~ 1970 1f-1.l(.a1-99 'Ii: ~ if&.&...tJ:. ItJ.i lfl ' 19'J ~ : of a1- f!p fft :liJl1!§l A. 'Ii: ~ (personal computer) .&..1: Jii Ii.fb 'Ii..f 1- (universal interactive screens) #.f!& fi ~ *- *- 4f 0 ~~ .. pq $..:.t.~ ~+'Ii:~.~,~.~ ••*0.~~.*'4~_~0~"~-.~M~ Jt l-::i- 99 tLt- Xanadu ~!It. ' ha tJ.ft ~ Itt1t ElJl ' It t.r.l M X.1t ~ ~ ~ 10r tr $.1t !It.A.M.~~.99.~o.~Mx.*~~99.~~ ••M~.M~$-1.14 Ji ' ~l!.lltIit Jtl:." ~" Mit::i- ~ ~ It T M J!. $- Mx.1t;;f!l ~ ~ ~ 0 Microsoft ~ ~.3t~ 19871f- m~~.::..~ 0 ~ 9~ , 72. Nelosn 99l-1"f 'f I. 41 ••:fIt~1 lflll§ 1 ::x 0 ~ -t: ltdI lfl ::x tt $- J.It7'1 :#~ ~ J!tr +~ .:.t.l-1"f 0 ~ -t: : Ted Nelson l-1"f:fIt ~Ilfl ::XttltM16 a ~ ~I:. J!tr +~ .:.t.l-1f .Jl~ -t; ;fIt ~ I Ifl 5r. it ::x.tt % I Literary Machine 1987 151 25.04 2 Computer Lib / Dream Machines 1974 107 17.74 3 Information Retrieval: A Critical Review 1967 56 9.29 4 Computer Lib / Dream Machines 1987 38 6.30 Information Processing: Proceedings of the 1980 5 35 5.80 IFIP World Computer Congress 1980 6 ACM 20th National Conference 1965 26 4.31 7 BYTE Magazine 1988 25 4.15 The Art of Human Computer Interface Design 8 19 3.15 1990 9 Creative Computing Magazine 1980 12 1.99 10 LIT ONLINE 1992 8 1.33 11 ~ -It. 477 79.10 Ji tt 602 100 l?9"Jt. Nelson ~ 1965 1f-~ mhypertext -ta] 1!.f.. 1999 1f- Fa' I # tHf ~ 54 .;tEl -252 ~~xltt, Jli~1tt.HjtBjj1--~X1!f~;t 0 $.-'f ' 1980 if-1~M~;j~~ ,tc.~'t a;} 1--1t. jf ~ft. tf. B Jli ~ 1t& ' ~ ~ J.V.t rot' ~ ~ ~~:f: ~ ~~ ~ , 1-- "The Hypertext" - x1t *-~ 1965 if-*'¥h¥.:.t.. t!t$xltt ~ ~tl ' ~ Nelson ~f "hypertext" -~ii] Jt tt' .iE A. X Itt1:. S!J ~ .t. *~ Bjj 0 4i*hJf1Ut;~UlIi;r- , 1980 if-~ 2002 if-M ~I Jfl Nelson ;jfl'.:.t..~1 Jflxltt ' A~~.x •• ;Kjf#~~.'A ••~ • .:.t..hJf~~X~~.~X*~~o Nelson .:.t..;j11~ 1988 if-.:.t..{l:fJtJl ~ ~I Jfl ' tI:"tt ,*.iE "iif~Bjj , ~X1!f~;t.:.t..~ 1980 if-f<.*JJJ~~~~jI!.~tAa 1990 if-1~~1t.:.t..it1ftlll-tts~~lMtJJS!J~~ 1~ 0 Ji 91- ' *hJf ~ ~$. ~I Jfl x Itt pq Z. ~# )k~;f1j-~. #~ JJBI Jfl.:.t..·tK~ , ,tt '* 1t J.Jt ' ~I Jfl Nelson ;j fI' S!J. # ~Ji JJ.J ~ :+1<. ~;$ , ~ Jt Nelson ~ tI:: S!J ~ X1!f~;t l1A S!J{if~ Jt tiJ + ~ Jl ~ 0 1-- 'f ~I Jfl xlttit~ ~ S!J 7t. 1: ~ #. tA a jf ~ft.#. ~ III -t ts. ' $.-.:~ ~.:jt 1" ~ x. 0 Nelson S!J ~ X1!f ~;t 7t. Bush Memex JY;t S!J~#'filll-ttsjf#.#A~*S!J.;t·it&lIl-ttsS!J1t&a.*~.S!J 1Ht ~ l1A )*-4 S!J{if~ , - ~ ~11t 1Il-t jf ~ft.~ $~.N ~t~ 0 1: ~#;fi a MJ3 -1-- ' 1: ~#~ ~Ji ~1 Jfl Nelson ;j11 ~ ~ :f: Jj.JYJW. ' ifiJ jf ~ft. ~ III -t ts.!tJi ~I Jfl Nelson X it S!J § S!J ' ~ A ~ it~ ~ Nelson 1t~ X1!f?IT~.:.t.. ;t ~ 7i $!J hJf ~ S!J ;t ~ a;/-EI ~~ ~;t , 1--1t. J% ~ ~ : ~ Bush S!J Memex ~;t.tm!I/J ~Bjj~X1!f~$ , 7i$!J Bush A Nelson.:.t..M S!J7"R.~1~ • ~~X1!f~;t~Ilif£ jf~ft.#.;fi1#S!JJ.tJfl ~i!~~X1!fS!J1t& ' 1.:).a~;j1t Nelson.:.t.. Xanadu ~ ~ft. S!J 1r !.!e 1.:). j JW. ~ X1!f ~ ;t tt-J J.t Jfl ~ 0 Ji 91- ' ~ ~ .:jt 1" a X • ~ S!J ~ I Jfl ' ~ ~.:jt.~.~'~~~ff~x#a1--~#~;t~tf.BS!J.Jfl~ti~,~~* .:jt. a. ~ S!J 0"'0 t a~,* ; ifiJ X. ~.£ -t-~ ff~ Nelson S!J~X1!f~;t1t X. S!J ti ~ , ~ X1!f 7t. ~~ ~..t1. S!J X1!f x. ~a i!,tt.;t , ~/Ju 1:. 1: -rtf. Ba ~ ~~ ~x.K§~~~S!J/JuA'~~ti~~~.~~tI::~~A.'~~.*S!J~.1t ~o Nelson S!J ;j11~&: ~I Jfl ~ ~ * ~ Literary Machines ' ~-t pq Z.tA~X1!fa Xanadu ~dft..:.t..1r!.!e ~ ~ Bjj ~ ~$. i!t ' ::l tA ~t ~ 1: -r tI:: ~ a 1: ~ fili !I/J.:jt ~ 0 $.- ~&: ~I Jfl § S!J:f: 91- ~ Nelson 1t ~ X1!f S!J JW.~ a;t ~ tA i.A;};j * S!J;/-EI ~~ hJf ~ ~ 1t &'~~A~~Bjj~x#S!J.Jfl'7i~~i!M~;tS!J#~~a~.~o -253 Hypertext 8 1945 ~ Vannevar Bush ~ j\:.~:f:l ;fI1t $ , JiJl M~& Engelbart a Ted Nelson:Q'l- 1965 ~ SIJ Ia -:tV ii~~a:M:it "hypertext" iiUiJ ' ~f- AL~~ e. 60~'A •••SIJ_#· ••SIJ .a••SIJ~t'ft.SIJ •• '_•• #.·~ ••• · •••• · ••#.aA~~.· •• '~·~.'~' tj~1~JlSIJJi.~ 0 ~a SlJ1:lj<..~It~ (World Wide Web) ;'k~:g~%e.*itJT !t!?J!.ft 1t.. 1 Bush SIJ Memex .!ta • ~ 1 Nelson SIJ ~~1t-lt:!' ' ~ mJ llEli! Bush JlITii)f SIJ tlh!lJJ A •.$~ a Nelson SlJr ilt"$:f:l m,.£ SIJ *_ i World Publishing Repository) ;fI1t $56 i/;1 ;fij - .&llEli! • *~!:V jllJ A~ t' • ;t.J iIfIf ft. SIJ i'1i Ia SIJ ~(.1i- a ~ 1f#. SIJ JR. Jt rp'R! . Memex a hypertext '~SIJ.!t ' i!;fij 19'- } :f~ ~ lit SIJ ~ M 11; -t- t61' ' 171 ~4~~ ~ iIfIf!t!?~1 ~A1l"l~' Jl RJTSIJ ft. a~Jl m fu1 0 ff.ttl- Ted Nelson :t1f ~ ... 1965 "The Hypertext", in Proceeding. World Documentation Federation Conference. 1965 "Computer-Indexed Film Handling", SMPTE conference preprint autumn, 1965. 1965 "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing and the Indeterminate " ACM 20th National Conference, pages 84-100, 1965 1965 "Suggestion for an On-Line Braille Display", Proceedings of the Society for Information Display autumn, 1965 1966 "New Media and Creativity Systems", graphical brochure intended to expound computer graphics and related concepts circa, 1966. 1966 "Hypertext Notes", ten brief essays on hypertext forms circulated in manuscript circa, 1966. 1967 "Getting It Out of Our System", in George Schlechter (ed), Information Retrieval: A Critical Review. (Washington D.C.: Thompson Books, 1967) ,p.19l-210 1969 "Nelson's the Name, and What He Proposes Could Outdo Engelbart", 56 Theodor Holm Nelson, "The Xanadu Ideal,"Retrieved January 10, 2002, from http://www.xanadu.com.au/xanadu/ideal.html. -254 Electronics Magazine, 24 November, 1969, p.79. 1969 Ted Nelson, Steven Carmody et ai., "A Hypertext Editing System for the 360", in Faiman and Nievergelt (editors), Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics (University of Illinois Press, 1969) 1970 "No More Teacher's Dirty Looks", Computer Decisions, September 1970, Fully reprinted in Ted Nelson, Computer Library, 1974. 1970 "Barnum-Tronics", Swarthmore College Alumni Bulletin December, 1970. 1971 "Computopia and Cypercrud", in Roger Levien (editor), Computers in Introduction. (Rand Corporation, 1971 ) 1971 "Las Vegas Confrontation Sit-Out: A CAl Radical's View from Solitary", SIGCUE Newsletter, 1971. 1973 "As We Will Think", proceedings of the Online '72 International Conference on Online Interactive Computing (Uxbridge England: Brunei University, 1973) Reprinted in Nyce, James/Kahn, Paul (eds): From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and Mind's Machine (Boston, MA: Academic Press, 1991) p.245. 1973 "A Conceptual Framework for Man-Machine Everything", proceedings of the AFIPS National Joint Computer Conference, 1973. 1974 computer Lib I Dream Machines (Mindful Press, 1974) 1974 Ted Nelson, Tom DeFanti and Dan Sandim, "Computer Graphics as a Way of Life", proceedings ofthe first SIGGRAPH conference, 1974. 1974 "Computopia and Cybercrud" in Levien (editor), Computers in Instruction (The Rand Corporation, 1974) 1975 "Data Realms and Magic Windows", proceedings of ACPA-5 Association of Computer Programmers and Analysts, 1975. 1977 The Home Computer Revolution 1977 "A Dream for Irving Snerd", Creative Computing Magazine, 3(3): p.79-81, 1977.5-6. 1978 "Electronic Publishing and Electronic Literature", in Edward DeLand (editor), Information Technology in Health Science Education ( Plenum Press, 1978) -255 1980 "Replacing the Printed Word: A Complete Literary System", in Simon H. Lavington (editor), Information Processing: Proceedings of the 1980 IFIP World Computer Congress, 8, North-Holland, Amserdam, p.1013-1023. 1980 "Interactive Systems and the Design of Virtuality", Creative Computer Magazine, 6 ( 1980.11-12) 1981 Literary Machines" (Swarthmore, PA., 1981) 1981 "The Magicians, the Snark and the Camel", Creative Computing Magazine, 7(11), 1981.11. 1982 "A New Home for the Mind", Datamation Magazine( 1982.3), p.168-180. 1984 "Computopia Now!", in Steve Ditlea( editor), Digital Delie San Francisco: Workman Publishing, 1984) 1986 "The Tyranny of the File", Datamation Magazine, 15 ( 1986.12) 1986 "A Vision ofthe Future", Publishers Weekly, 23 (1986.8) 1987 Computer Lib / Dream Machines, second edition (Washington: Microsoft Press, 1987) 1987 Literary Machines, volume Version 87.1. (self-published, 1987) 1987 Literary Machines, electronic edition (Bellevue Washington: OWL international, Inc., 1987) 1987 "All for One and One for All", proceedings of the Hypertext '87 conference November 1987. 1988 "Managing Immense Storage", BYTE Magazine, 13(1):225-233, 1988.1. 1988 "To Strike the Lightning", HyperAge February-March 1988. 1988 "The Call of the Ocean: Hypertext Universal and Open", HyperAge May-June, 1988. 1988 Literary Machines, volume Version 88.1. (self-published, 1988) 1990 "The Right Way to Think about Software Design". in Brenda Laurel (editor), The Art ofHuman-Computer Interface Design ( Reading, MA.: Addison-Wesley, 1990) ,p.235-243. 1990 "On the Xanadu Project", BYTE Magazine, 15(9), 1990.9. 1991 Literary Machines, volume Version 91.1. (self-published, 1991 ) 1993 Literary Machines, volume Version 93.1. (Sausalito, CA.: Mindful Press, -256 1993 ) 1993 Xanadu Space 1993 (Sausalito, CA.: Mindful Press, 1993.10.25) 1993 "Above and Beyond Hypertext: The Inexorable Logic of Metamedia Publishing", proceedings of the Hypertext '93 conference. 1994 "Publishing in the Point-and-Click Universe", proceedings of the First Australian National Convergence Symposium, 13-15 April 1994. 1994 "Xanadu: Document Interconnection Enabling Re-Use with Automatic Author Credit and Royalty Accounting", In/ormation Services & Use, 14(1994). 1994 "The Xanadu Express Royalty Server and Payment System", brochure distributed at ONE BBSCON, Denver August 1994. 1995 Transcopyright unpublished. 1995 "The Heart of Connection: Hypermedia Unified by transclusion", in Communications o/the ACM., 38(8):p.31-33, 1995. 1997 "Literature to Last: Design for a Universal Digital Medium", in Labile Ordnungen, ans-Bredow-Institut (Hamburt) 1997, proceedings of the Interface 3 conference. 1997 Computer Lib / Dream Machines, facsimile reproduction of the first edition (Tokyo: ASCII Corporation, 1997.7) 1997 The Future 0/ In/ormation: Ideas, Connections and the Gods 0/ Electronic Literature (Tokyo: ASCII Corporation, 1997.8) 1998 Ted Nelson and Andrew Pam: ZigZag(lm) Hyperstruclure Kit: The ZigZag Commands. Project Xanadu, version 0.49 edition, 1998. 1999 "Xanalogical Structure, Needed Now More than Ever: Parallel Documents, Deep Links to Content, Deep Versioning and Deep Re-Use.", in ACM Computing Serveys, 31(4es), 1999. -257 Nt.-=- Ted Nelson ;f-tfltjl Jij =ktUlffl-f6 a.tit f;b.tit* Jt ~t 51 m::iC.Jit :k.. % 1 Literary Machine 1987 151 25.04 2 Computer Lib / Dream Machines 1974 107 17.74 3 Information Retrieval: A Critical Review 1967 56 9.29 4 Computer Lib / Dream Machines 1987 38 6.30 Information Processing: Proceedings ofthe 1980 IFIP World 5 35 5.80 Computer Congress 1980 6 ACM 10th National Conference 1965 26 4.31 7 BYTE Magazine 1988 25 4.15 8 The Art ofHuman Computer Intetface Design 1990 19 3.15 9 Creative Computing Magazine 1980 12 1.99 10 LIT ONLINE 1991 10 1.66 11 The Home Computer Revolution 1978 7 1.16 Proceedings ofthe Online '71 International Conference on 12 Online Interactive Computing 1971 7 1.16 13 COMMUN ACM 1995 6 0.90 14 Datamation Magazine 1981 6 1.00 15 Datamation Magazine 1986 6 1.00 Proceedings ofthe Hypertext '87 Conference P HYPERTEXT 87 16 1987 6 1.00 17 COMPUTER LIB YOU CAN 1974 5 0.83 18 Information Technology in Health Science Education 1978 5 0.83 19 ACM Computing Surveys 1999 4 0.66 20 BYTE Magazine 1990 4 0.66 21 HyperAge 1988 4 0.66 22 J INFORM SCI 1990 4 0.66 23 INFORMATSIONNYI POlS 1970 3 0.50 24 World Documentation Federation Conference 1965 3 0.50 25 XML PRINCIPLES TOOLS 1977 3 0.50 L __ ·258· Jf :f&: 11 ffl 3{ it ;xtt % 26 COMMUNICATION 1985 2 0.33 27 Computer Decisions 1970 2 0.33 28 FUTURE INFORMATION 1997 2 0.33 29 INT J INFORM MANAGE11989 2 0.33 30 MEMES HYPERTEXT V BU 1991 2 0.33 31 12TH PINT ONL INF M 1988 1 0.17 32 14TH AMENDMENT POLIT 1988 1 0.17 33 3RD ANN C INF RETR P 1966 1 0.17 34 C INT FED DOC FID OC 1965 1 0.17 35 CITED INDIRECTLY 1 0.17 36 COMPUTER LIB YOU CAN 1987 1 0.17 1 37 COMPUTERS INSTRUCTIO 1971 1 0.17 38 CRITIQUE INFORMATION 1967 1 0.17 39 EDGE WILDERNESS 1 0.17 40 ELECTRONIC REVOLUTIO 1993 1 0.17 41 HYPERMEDIA 1989 1 0.17 42 HYPERTEXT HYPERMEDIA 1990 1 0.17 43 In/ormation Services & Use 1994 1 0.17 44 INT C ONLINE INTERAC 1973 1 0.17 i 45 INT C WORLDW COMP IT 1997 1 0.17 46 J EC SOCIAL INTELIGE 1993 1 0.17 47 LEADERSHIP ORG DEV J 1998 1 0.17 48 LIT MACHINES VARIOUS 1994 1 0.17 49 MANAGING IMMENSE STO 1988 1 0.17 50 MAPS ED 1992 1 0.17 51 NEW MEDIA 1994 1 0.17 1 52 NOV P ACM WORKSH HYP 1987 I 0.17 I 53 OCT S HON V BUSH 1995 1 0.17 54 ONLINE CATALOGUE DEV 1989 1 0.17 - -259 Jf ~,t ,I Jfl )t ~ ;xtt % 55 OSMIC OPEN STANDARD 1998 I 0.17 56 PC FDN ASP SOFTWEN 2000 I 0.17 57 P CHI 90 NY 1990 I 0.17 58 PINTDOCUMENTATION 1965 I 0.17 59 P ONLINE INFORMATION 1988 I 0.17 1 i 60 P VIDEOTEX 1973 I 0.17 61 S HON V BUSH 50 ANN 1995 1 0.17 62 SOFTWARE-INFORMATION 1970 1 0.17 63 UNPBU TRANSCOPYRIGHT 1995 1 0.17 64 UNPUB ONLINE CD ROM 1991 1 0.17 65 WORLD WIDE WEB J 1997 I 0.17 66 WORLDW COMP ITS APPL 1997 1 0.17 67 XANADU AUSTR I 0.17 68 XANADU HYPERMEDIA SE 1992 I 0.17 69 XANADU PARADIGM 1987 1 0.17 ZigZag(tm) Hyperstructure Kit: The ZigZag Commands. Project 70 Xanadu 1998 1 0.17 -260