Ted Nelson ..&.~,t!x#,-.~~~I Jij ~*'f Ted Nelson and the Citation Analysis of His Concept of Hypertext .a~ )=J Ming-yueh Tsay .~*.~ ....... ~~ffl.~ Professor, Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies National Chengchi University ~~JIk~ Chu-yuan Cheng i~~L* ••1fl..~ .~. ~,{;~±!!. Graduate Student, Department of Information and Library Science Tamkang University 231 Ted Nelson AJt.;t!x.{4.$.:.t..;) m~*'T Ted Nelson and the Citation Analysis of His Concept of Hypertext 4aMA Ming-yueh Tsay a~A*~ ••~A••*~~M.a Professor, Graduate Institute of Library, Infonnation and Archival Studies National Chengchi University I~*!& Chu-yuan Cheng j~~.r..A* jf~AIi ••* ~"Ji ±!!. Graduate Student, Department of Infonnation and Library Science Tamkang University [..-I- Abstract1 Ted Nelson ~-t Vannevar Bush.:t.. Memex 1t1tJI$fj¥ . ~ 1963 ~"t:#JT tk_;t[x.{t-.$ • jt~ 1965 ~it~1 "hypertext" -til· ;t[x.{t--.$.t.ti4tr¥ T.~~#~~~ft~~~&·fl~~.m#*,~.~*a~.#*.~ ~&ltJ£i1itit~f}¥ • *bff~ i..f£.4m ~I m x.J.tHtlJTii;- • t~ Ted Nelson.:t..~ li!f.»,~~rmff~' ~mfl~lmx.~4Hi' {~J-ku: tt1;"1}>$" , .~~~, ~Im ~{~ , *#~JJ'J~~1 m x.~f%j $.~ff*~~l m"x"~~tt , ..~ T M Nelson a~;t[x#.$fi~*#MltJ£~f}¥·bff~M*M~'~f}¥~M~~. !l).t. ~'f1-A~Jl&j#*a.1R.#*~IIl.~*~lmJii~ 'x*aftlf"x.:t..' -233­ A.1t. ~ 'ta x.1~ itJtl ~ #t. (Personalized Retrieval Indexing and Documentary Evolution System' AA ~jj. PRIDE) ~ , ~ - .:.3::.:tl ill ~ x.1~ ( hyper-text) ..;t' I • jt ~~ ~ ~ tt X. !f. nidlj it T "hypertext" - til] • J Jl:t tt ' Nelson I'lp ~ lit Jl1ilT ~ x.*~ifQaIJ"*jt • jt$- 1972 ~j~A.-s}# Memex .,p.1l~JtlJJt1lh\;.~~x.M&~ ft ~ , t), a .1!l. ~ ~ 1l ~ X. 1~ ~ 4J ~ • ~ JI:t ' If£: ~ T Nelson itJtl ~ X.1~ ~ #t. ~J!;t' 0 Nelson if $-~ x. *= "As We Will Think" tf fil Vannevar Bush lb r ~ X.1~·itfdD.J 2 , i1iJ Nelson jlIJ::f!1tA.fillb r ~x.1~~~J 0 Bush aIJ~it,tt (hyper-) J!;t'. 4.4't~'i[.*tiri7*~~a'J-m~1t ... ~ aIJ Jlft. ' J; - r./l ;tIJ ,~,!! 0 Nelson jlll.t.;fi~~it,tt ..;t'~ of ~i1.tff aIJ 'J-m ~It!Aft ~ - text 1f .-!! • $-.k:tl ill T ~ x.1~ (hypertext) - til] 0 1980 ~ 1'(. ~ .'.~~'J-m.It.~itJtl'~.Cft..MM ••aIJ.~~·~itMalJfi a~~ ... x.*i1iJ~·4~#:*.· •• ·.X·iX~~~~••It'J 1ft ' I!J JI:t Nelson itX:tl ill "hypermedia" -til] 0 ~ itM..;t' aIJ :tl ill ;fiifj ¥' T 'Jlft1it#~~'tti1(tfaIJitJtl • jt.k{)t~JJt~~~~. (Internet) m~aIJ ~~ it~- 0 ~~1>~ 'Nelson aIJ~x.1~ ..;t'~$-JJt~aIJ'i[.ti-l¥fa~.JtjtAf 4J~~~aIJ~~'fi~_ 1(tf •• aIJ ••tl~!!i1iJ~· .if! ,*-;m j~ • Bush ~ 1~ .k ~ it,tt..;t' aIJ ;tlj M:f- 0 1n~ Bush aIJ. ¥}] -s} # • -k ~ 'I-m *I- ~:t: Smith 3 if $- 1981 ~ , "* jt "As We May Think" - X. fi JJt 1.lt 'i 1ft*~~.!f! ' ~JS1r;t .. ~~I mx.j;.pq z.~J!~nt ~ • ~ , -lit/-ttlt • 'J-m fat # . Ml'- ~ if:}.J f), a _ A. 'I-m ! #t. ~ li.!Aft no 1.:.1. -s} # 0 4 +~ ft ( 1991 ~) , Smith ~ Kahn ;f~ ml~ raJ aIJ "* jt~ ~ , ~ .:.3::.,,* jt 1980 .3l. 1990 ~ rs, ~ ~I m,Jt~ I Lauren Wedeles, "Vassar Miscellany News February 3, 1965: Pro f. Nelson Talk Analyzes P.R.I.D.E.," Retrieved November.2,2002, from: http://faculty.vassar.edu/mijoyce/MiscNews_Feb65.html. 2 Theodor H. Nelson, "As We Will Think," in James M. Nyce and Paul Kahn ed. From MEMEX to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine. (San Diego: Academic Press, 1991) ,p.261. 3 Linda C. Smith, "MEMEX as an Image of Potentiality in Information Retrieval Research and Development," in R. N. Oddy et al. ed., In/ormation Retrieval Research (London: Butterworth,. 1981) , pp.261-286. 4 *~ #:f- ' Of 1ft.§. A. Vannevar Bush (I890-1974» ( ~t. ill : x.. III .. ' 2000), 1i 18 0 -235­ s. ,ij..:k1lf'l"r Bush th Memex ~'it_~~Jjt!h 0 ~~.ltHi*.fi#m- 1991 1t- JE. ~ Smith :Jt Bush th "1t ~ • )f1ll "1t ~ ~ it BJl.&.,~ *- 1)- # IJt ~ m- ~ ( W111.li A. VannevarBush (1890-1974» -"'4" ~"1t~1ll1!.1tJ:11:."1t~' .i.m-;ft~1 ffl%ath'l"I~S~.l1!.-*~~1)-#'.~~I.*rM&ilith~4.~ .~~~·Jj.r~4.M.~.o&••m-_%*_~~.~~a.~~ th Nelson· ~lElm1.1'F~Jjf!"1t~· ~.~~?~r.\l.il4i1OthlEl~%a· ~ .m-~ ·*"1t ~~III f ~ ~I ffl Nelson ~ m1_%1+_~thJIIT~ .1'F~%'HHi .&.~I ffl it% . t). r M_%1+_~..(f...fJ...#~fJt!.&.:JtJJtf\;. W111.#.th:la 0 ~ ~ Nelson ~~_%1+_~' .I-:.I..&. Bush. Nelson th-mf!~1t~. ~.itm-11 0 ( =-) Ted Nelson 11- hypertext Ted Nelson ( ;fr ~ Theodor Holm Nelson • ~fi~1'- ~ ~ A.1tffl ) m- 1965 1t- tt tI:: r "hypertext" -1i] , -1ll ~ % 30] ~ J:. At;y:: *..(f.. th 1il * .At -1t ~ Ii] -1l tlt ii'l tlt ~"f.l. ~ i1iJ Jl ~ mil 0 ,p~ , Nelson 1f-~ th Xanadu 'it:t • t. k~.Jt,f­ ft.&.~.tI::~._~th*~*,.#:t.~~.J:.th.fJ.. • .Jt,f-ftwa·~~: -m 1t. *" Pi (image synthesis) , il- 111. (technoid) , 't + 111-1t. (electronic visualization) :f ~ fi6;ft~*.&.lft~f 0 6 Nelson ~~~iifr Bush JllTtt_%*_ ~~~*.~A·~a.~)f.Waft~~"1t~_%#~~thA.·~~: Hyper-G ' Microcosm it:t ' HyperCard ~ ~:f · ~ k ,lit ~ _ % 1+ _ ~ JIlT Jj f! th r A. #J J 0 .K. ~ HyperCard ~ ~ t. k ~ -1ll ;$j .,'Ii. ~ % 1+ ~ ~ , lb;j *­ ( Apple) ~ iij th Bill Atkin s 0 dIT "", * • 7 _ % -1+ _ ~ ~ lJItt*' r 'it "" W111. ~;y:: ji' ••~*& th ~Htt 0 Nelson .~..(f.. Waft.J:. ~ .~f.i1t. th:la ' -1.!!~ 'l"-k!!. 8 ~ .i.~*-lft~f 3&'it,,"~#flEl ~.-11L. • Nelson m- 19371t-!:tm-¥. ~ Breenwich Village ' ~Si:.hl 5 Linda C. Smith and Paul Kahn, "MEMEX as an Image of Potentiality Revisited," in lames M. Nyce and Paul Kahn ed., From MEMEX to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine ( San Diego: Academic Press, 1991 ), pp.345-369. 6 Hsui-ling Lin, " Theodor H. Nelson," Retrieved May 26, 2003, from: http://www.sis.pitt.eduJ-mbsciass/haIl_oCfame/nelson.htm. 7 Bill Stewart, "Ted Nelson," Retrieved November 2, 2002, from http://www.livinginternet.comlw!wi_nelson.htm. -236­ Ralph Nelson 11::. -1!l. 'It fa, ** ' f:iJ: Iil Celeste Home 11::. -1!l. 51i Jt 0 1(: ~hiJlJ:t fa,~, 1e~~.;ftllq*-, ~tJ.f'F~'It~, 't~~Jl . Nelson f..ff.p~-I::~!&' a~Jti!~ ,~ 1950 ~~l:f!A. Swarthmore ~FJt • 1959 ~.J'3.~{gf:f:±~ 1!l.; 1963 ~l:f!A.~1$.*.f:~~;fj:."~hJi±~1!l.' fijqtfHil1l::..ij1La9~±"1ftt ~ , ~tl1St+;ftI~tt A.. Jt 0 8 2002 ~1e"'.tt 8 *-,l:4.*.~ (Keio University) ~~*X<B it Jt.f:tt- ± ' -it- ~ 3t~ EI it "Philosophy of Hypertext" 0.' ~ap ~ ..ff 8 *- ' jt~ ~L Jl"ifi (Sapporo) a9:1!:.)$.- it.*. ~ (Hokkaido University) .:r:.. f'F ,~ Yuzuru Tanaka ~ #t::lt- ~ -i- J\i Xanadu dl J'ii ~ fIt.. Tanaka ~.rHl.ut Nelson 69 Jt. ~ -i- J\i 1 - *" .§.. tI; i(1¥ 1; , ,.t; it IntelligentPad' N elson )l~ ~ Jtt.1¥ 1; it generalization of NextStep • Jtt.I¥ 1; .f;t. ft- 1 Xanadu ~ fIt.~ ~ ~J:. j{f'F 69 ~ ~ 0 ..ff 8 *- ' Nelson e:.. k -1!l.lflffl i!~ 69 ~ fI.tt Bitit Ci(i 0 9 Nelson 69 ~ - 1St.:r:..f'F k..ff liM" ~ 69 - 4. 't~ 1: !tfJ::fl ~ a JfJ~ ••.:r:.. 1~ 0 ~'t~1: 69 ~ .. A..~ John Lily , -'r',t;ij-~;:1j,Jif-a9t' fJ 0 1e11"lm LINC 1ll 'ltlfH)-;#f;:1j,Jif-a91Hf ;:)..~;fJfa 1 M.lft!dr'a9t¥1; 0 Nelson .:t..{t1(:~~ Vassar ~ ~Jt~:U:.it~~~#t, {.tlt*1~'t~1:a9.:r:..1~ 0 10 Nelson ~~1~.*. j:t..a~±it~);Ji±*' ~ 1 ~~3t • 1er1tHf~#:.~jf# ' tJ.f'F~Jt.jf#a9+~'~~:~.~a9+~E1~'~~'*'.a9jf#.~~+ ~ ~ fit. ;r;: ft {t m 0 Nelson 't * .iE. :i! {of - r~ 'It III ;fJ.. i( ~ f'F (computer programming) 1l;fJ.. • ~ 11::. M:. -i--it- ~ ~ 3t14 it Jt. ~ ,tit. (document management system) 69 ~ it;- 11 , Nelson 1Fll~ ~ ~ fIt.;tf 1ft # ' •• ' ~ dl -f- ~":rJJ ~ , ;r;:.tI:. ~Jtt.,~~~;tfJ'ii*-itJt.'~.f;t.*~m*~~*~;r;:~J'ii*-~~~~~~' jt;fEl'§"!;l:.tta9j:lJ~ 0 12 Nelson .tt£.j{m~A..l&*.:r:..f'Fa9~~' ;jftlf'FJJJ~* <~3t*-ft1#-i-J\i~~)''''~: t,J ;f' ~.~ , ~.f,.~ , )ij ~* t- ,<~3t*-/~*X<Bft#f} (JI&~IfJ."ifi: I~H1.i.:r:..fdlJ'ii;f±' 1998) 0 J:.~~ 8 Jtll : 2003.9.23 0 ~::I:!t : http://www.pingsoft.net/nstllhook_cmtlhook_16.htm 0 9 ~ t:t 6 • Retrieved May 27, 2003 0 10 ~ tt 7 • 11 ~i:t7o 12 ~ t:t 8 0 -237­ ;fi. fI-J fffJ; III J:l ;fl #T ..$,li Jfl £ 51:. {4 fI-J X it(. ~ J.!. J:. 13 , ~ i1iJ 'f sf fI-J ~ litJ! it ~ ;tiJJff ~ :fL -t J:l ;fl#f iftj: ~ Jft. f:. fI-J IB M 7 090 ~ it mM J:. ' 1-:1. a if ~ l'l'J 1i6 fI-J itAt1't jHll ~~ , Jlb ~ lit* 1i:; ~ ilH(l1 $i:1t ~ , {J3. Nelson ilp /F- f!J Jlcr. i1iJ ~;t ' &. i1iJ J!.1!£:.t ~**a~-1OO5I:.*.J.!. •• ~lItfI-J •• '~k~.ilil~5I:.*"$'~. J!. ):J.. Jlcr. ~ ..;t ' /F-IIIJT J:t -~ ilfllitAt ~ 51:.14 ~ JJt( hypertext system)· M i1iJ 4 1987 .~~_5I:.*"$a~-~£~~m~~fI-J~IIt.#.,~~.5I:.* •• ~f~Ai" ~ .Ue~ll~.#fI-J"$ 0 ( E-) Vannevar Bush ~~ Ted Nelson .!if4 1945., Bush f!J:1f~~~l1~fI-J;tJit~~fAmM~c.-ItPffll' it~Atili - *" J.!!. l' ~c. -It fI-J ;;- it. - ~.#l!1t 1t. 2 (Memory Extender-Memex) J.!. $ 0 1t Jfl '* ~ JfJ Jlb.tt .I.;t1 JfJ 1itt ~ (microform) ;fl #T JtT.#1OO A fI-J Pff :1f 'jf1ft ' {;.J itu : :f ~ , .J:l·*2·n*".*wa~~uM·-114k-~.~I.~' • • fl-Jk,1tJfl,*~~-ar~.*J*.·~~J:t~t.*'jfa·~a~I AM.)t.~k*AfI-J.~~ ••:fJEJ!lit.~H.fI-J 0 #( Bush B e..fl-JM~ : Memex fI-J ~*#~~k.~-a;;-*·1t**M.a.~~ ••1.AB.J:t••~ ?rfI-J 'jf~ft 0 14J1cr.E!p.~Pff1; r ~5I:.14 J ;fl#tfI-Jt~·-:.; • Bush fI-J Memex .t;t.$.~ ~'f;f.ll~.