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Download Full Publication in English WE WANT OUR COMMUNITIES BACK, NO MORE FIGHTING AND VIOLENCE Voices of Communities from Myanmar’s Ceasefire Areas from 2017 - 2018 WE WANT OUR COMMUNITIES BACK, NO MORE FIGHTING AND VIOLENCE Voices of Communities from Myanmar’s Ceasefire Areas from 2017 -2018 1 We Want our Communities Back, No More Fighting and Violence Voices of Communities from Myanmar’s ceasefre areas from 2017 - 2018 Listening Methodology Development: Soth Plai Ngarm Listening Project Implementation (Training, Processing, Writing) Coordinator and Editor: Tengku Shahpur Team: Laurens Visser and Harshadeva Amarathunga Myanmar Partner Organisations Karuna Myanmar Social Services (Kachin) Ta’ang Student and Youth Union (Northern Shan) Pyi Nyein Thu Kha (Southern Shan) Karen Development Network (Kayin) Kayah State Peace Monitoring Network (Kayah) Mon Women Network (Mon) Cover photo: Shutterstock Inside photographs: Shutterstock Copy-editing: Sue Williams Lay-out: Boonruang Song-ngam Publisher: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies Funding: Paung Sie Facility 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies (CPCS) would like to thank our partner organisations in Myanmar that have provided invaluable assistance since the inception of the ceasefire monitoring and throughout the course of the project. We could not have done this without you. We would also like to extend our appreciation to the people who volunteered to be listeners. The time, effort, enthusiasm and personal sacrifice for the success of this publication demonstrate your hard work and commitment to raising community voices. We would also like to say thank you to the communities that took part in this project, who were willing to take the time out of their busy lives to share their thoughts, opinions, hopes, and challenges. Thank you for your openness and for entrusting us with your voices. Finally, we would like to thank Paung Sie Facility, without whose support this publication would not have been possible. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ..............................................................................3 List of Tables........................................................................................6 Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .............. 11 RECURRING MAIN THEMES IN ALL AREAS: 2018 RESULTS ...................... 15 Reoccurring Themes Based on Gender Across all States ....................... 22 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - MAIN THEMES OVER FOUR YEARS (2015-2018).. 25 CHAPTER 2: MAIN FINDINGS IN EACH AREA ...................................... 33 KACHIN STATE ........................................................................... 33 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS .................. 34 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 36 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ....................... 39 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 42 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 44 KAREN STATE ............................................................................. 46 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS ......................... 47 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 48 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ..................... 50 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 51 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 52 KAYAH STATE ............................................................................. 54 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS .................. 55 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 56 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ..................... 60 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 60 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 63 MON STATE ............................................................................... 64 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS .................. 65 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 66 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ....................... 68 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 70 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 71 4 NORTHERN SHAN STATE .............................................................. 73 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS .................. 74 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 77 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ..................... 81 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 82 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 84 SOUTHERN SHAN STATE ............................................................... 87 OPINIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE PEACE PROCESS .................. 88 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY COMMUNITIES .......................... 89 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ..................... 94 Similarities from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 95 Differences from 2016 until 2018 ................................................. 97 CHAPTER 3: Recommendations ......................................................... 99 To the Myanmar Government.....................................................100 To the Tatmadaw and the ethnic armed groups .................................103 To civil society actors (national civil society organisations, non-governmental organisations, and international non-governmental organisations) .......................................................................104 CHAPTER 4: Listening Methodology ................................................105 Challenges and Limitations ........................................................119 APPENDICES ......................................................................................122 Demographics from Kachin State ................................................122 Demographics from Karen State .................................................125 Demographics from Kayah State ..................................................128 Demographics from Mon State ...................................................131 Demographics from Northern Shan State .......................................134 Demographics from Southern Shan State .......................................137 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Ceasefire Groups ........................................................... 12 Table 2. Most Heard Themes Based on Gender – Men .......................... 22 Table 3. Most Heard Themes Based on Gender – Women ..................... 23 Table 4. Total Number of Conversations and Participants ..................... 25 Table 5. List of Partner Organisations ........................................... 108 Table 6. Gender of Listeners ...................................................... 109 Table 7. Guide Questions ......................................................... 110 Table 8. Total Conversations and Participants Over Three Years ............. 113 Table 9. Locations Covered and Number of Participants .................... 114 Table 10. Gender of Participants ................................................. 115 Table 11. Ethnicity of Participants ............................................... 115 Table 12. Age Range of Participants ............................................. 116 Table 13. Educational Background of Participants ............................ 116 Table 14. Livelihood of Participants ............................................. 117 Table 15. Religion of Participants ................................................ 118 Table 16. Kachin State Demographics: Age ..................................... 122 Table 17. Kachin State Demographics: Gender ................................ 122 Table 18. Kachin State Demographics: Education ............................. 122 Table 19. Kachin State Demographics: Ethnicity ............................... 123 Table 20. Kachin State Demographics: Occupation ........................... 123 Table 21. Kachin State Demographics: Marital Status ......................... 123 Table 22. Kachin State Demographics: Religion ............................... 124 Table 23. Karen State Demographics: Age ...................................... 125 Table 24. Karen State Demographics: Gender .................................. 125 Table 25. Karen State Demographics: Education ............................... 125 Table 26. Karen State Demographics: Ethnicity ............................... 126 Table 27. Karen State Demographics: Occupation............................. 126 Table 28: Karen State Demographics: Marital Status .......................... 127 Table 29. Karen State Demographics: Religion ................................ 127 6 Table 30. Kayah State Demographics: Age ...................................... 128 Table 31. Kayah State Demographics: Gender .................................. 128 Table 32. Kayah State Demographics: Education ............................... 128 Table 33. Kayah State Demographics: Ethnicity ................................ 129 Table 34. Kayah State Demographics: Occupation ............................. 129 Table 35. Kayah State Demographics: Marital
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