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Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Classification of Some Olive Cultivars in Zanjan Province

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Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Classification of Some Olive Cultivars in Zanjan Province ”ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر” ﺟﻠﺪ 1-28، ﺷﻤﺎره 1، ﺳﺎل 1391ت ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر ﺟﻠﺪ 1-29 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، ﺳﺎل 1392 ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ارﻗﺎم زﻳﺘﻮن در اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Classification of some Olive Cultivars in Zanjan Province اﻟﻬﺎم ﭘﻮراﺳﻜﻨﺪري1، ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ2، ﺟﻼل ﺻﺒﺎ3 و ﻣﻬﺪي ﻃﺎﻫﺮي4 1، 2 و 3- ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ، اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر و داﻧﺸﻴﺎر، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن 4- ﻣﺮﺑﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ زﻧﺠﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 6/6/1391 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 1391/12/10 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﭘﻮراﺳﻜﻨﺪري، ا .، ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ع .، ﺻﺒﺎ، ج . و ﻃﺎﻫﺮي، م. 1392. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ارﻗـﺎم زﻳﺘـﻮن در اﺳـﺘﺎن زﻧﺠـﺎن . ﻣﺠﻠـﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر 29-1: 636 - 623. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻴﻮه و ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻨﺪي ارﻗﺎم زﻳﺘﻮن، آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﻲ روي ﺑﻴـﺴﺖ رﻗـﻢ زﻳﺘـﻮن ﻃـﻲ دو ﺳـﺎ ل (1390-1389) در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت زﻳﺘﻮن ﮔﻴﻠﻮان (زﻧﺠﺎن) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃـﺮح اﺳـﭙﻠﻴﺖ ﭘـﻼت در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ . ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻـﻔﺎت وزن ﺗـﺮ و ﺧـﺸﻚ ﻣﻴـﻮه، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ و درﺻﺪ روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﻣﻴﺎن رﻗﻢ، ﺳﺎل و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮاي اﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد . ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ، ارﻗﺎم از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ از ﻳﻚ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑـﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ارﻗ ﺎم ﻛﺎرﻳﺪوﻟﻴﺎ، ﭘﻴﻜﻮآل، وﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻜﻲ و ﻛﺎﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ وزن ﻣﻴﻮه و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ را داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻨﺴﺮوي وSID ارﻗﺎم ﻛﺎﻳﻠﺘﻪ، of ﻛﺮوﻧﺎﺋﻴﻜﻲ، آرﺑﻜﻴﻦ، ﻟﭽﻴﻨﻮ، ﺑﻠﻴﺪي و ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ Archiveدرﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي روﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ارﻗﺎم روﻏﻨﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي را از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ دورگ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ، ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰان وراﺛـﺖ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮي اﻳـﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ. واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: زﻳﺘﻮن، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ، درﺻﺪ روﻏﻦ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ. ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: 02412283202 623 www.SID.ir ”ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر” ﺟﻠﺪ 1-29، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، ﺳﺎل 1392 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﻮﺗﻴـــﭗﻫـــﺎي ﻣـــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﺗﻔـــﺎوت ﻫـــﺎي زﻳﺘـﻮن ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎم ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ (.Olea europaea L) ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟــﻮژﻳﻜﻲ وﺟــﻮد دارد. ﭘــﺎدوﻻ و ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده Oleaceae و ﻳﻜـﻲ از اوﻟـﻴﻦ و (Padula et al., 2008) ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد ﻣﻴـﻮه، اﻧـﺪازه ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه اﺳﺖ . اﻳـﻦ ﮔﻴـﺎه ﺑـﺮ اي ﻣﻴﻮه، ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻮﺷـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﺴﺘﻪ و درﺻـﺪ روﻏـﻦ ﻫﺰاران ﺳﺎل ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ روﻏﻦ ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻴــﻮه را در 134 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴــﭗ زﻳﺘــﻮن در ﺳــﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ . اﻣـﺮوزه ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻴـﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠـﻢ و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ و ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﺧﻮاص ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و درﻣﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺘـﻮن و ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ روﻏــﻦ آن، ﮔــﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺼﺮف آن اﻓــﺰاﻳﺶ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ 21 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ را ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ارﻗـﺎ م اﻣﻴـﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮي داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ، ﭼﺮاﻛـﻪ روﻏـﻦ زﻳﺘـﻮن ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮاي دﺳـﺖ ﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ داراي ﺳـــــﻄﺢ ﺑـــــﺎﻻﻳﻲ از اوﻟﺌﻴـــــﻚ اﺳـــــﻴﺪ ﻛﺮدﻧــــﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــــﻪ و ارزﻳــــﺎﺑﻲ ﺻــــﻔﺎت ﻣﻬــــﻢ (ﻳﻜــﻲ از ﻣﻔﻴــﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺳــﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼــﺮب ) اﺳــﺖ ﭘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﺎم اول ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ (Seifi, 2008). ﺑــــﻪ دﻟﻴــــﻞ دﮔﺮﮔــــﺸﻨﻲ در ﮔﻴــﺎﻫﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓــﻲ ارﻗــﺎم ﻣﻄﻠــﻮب اﺳــﺖ. در اﻳــﻦ ﻟﻘــــــﺎح زﻳﺘــــــﻮن، ارﻗــــــﺎم، ﻛﻠــــــﻦﻫــــــﺎ و راﺳــﺘﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫــﺎي آﻣــﺎري ﭘﻴــﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ وﺟـﻮد دارﻧـﺪ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ (PCA) ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ (Idrissi and Quazzani, 2003). ﺑﺮاي اﺟـﺮاي ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻏﺮﺑـﺎل ﺳـﺎزي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي و دﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ و اﺟــــﺰاي ﺟﻤﻌﻴــــﺖ ﻣــــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــــﻪ ﻫــــﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ در ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ زﻳﺘـﻮن، (Farshadfar, 2006). ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ روش ﺗﻼﻗ ﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫـﺎ اﺳـﺖ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ، ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ در در اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺤـﺚ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ دار ﻓﻨـﻮﺗﻴﭙﻲ و ﻫﺮﻛــﺪام ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺻــﻔﺖ را ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮد. ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ در ارﻗﺎم زﻳﺘﻮن (Milotic et al., 2005) ﻣﻴـﺰان وارﻳـﺎﻧﺲ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﻫـﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻧـﺸﺎن دﻫﻨـﺪه ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮان ﺑــﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﺗﻨــﻮع SID ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد، ofارﻗــﺎﻣﻲ ﺑــﺎ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ آن ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ در وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ Archiveﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣـﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻄﻠﻮب را ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت درﺻﺪ ﺑﻴـﺎن ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﻛــﺸﺖ ﺑــﺎغﻫــﺎ و ﻳــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده در (Jalili et al., 2011). در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي، اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي دورگ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻗـﺮار داد. ﻳـــﻚ ﮔـــﺮوه از ﻧﻈـــﺮ ﺻـــﻔﺎت ﻣـــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـــﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــــﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــــﺎت ﺑــــﻦ ﺳــــﻴﻚ و ﻫﻤﻜــــﺎران داراي ﺷــــﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫــــﺎي زﻳــــﺎد و اﻓــــﺮادي ﻛــــﻪ (Bencic et al., 2010) روي ﺧــﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت در ﮔــﺮوهﻫــﺎي ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧــﻪ ﻗــﺮار ﻣــﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧــﺪ از ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻴﻮه، ﻫﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻓﻨﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﻧﻈـــــﺮ آن ﺻـــــﻔﺎت ﻧـــــﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦﺗـــــﺮ ﻫـــــﺴﺘﻨﺪ از رﻗــﻢ ﻻﺳــﺘﺮوﻛﺎ زﻳﺘــﻮن ﻧــﺸﺎن داد ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻴﻦ (Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi et al., 2010). از 624 www.SID.ir ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي... روش ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮه ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻔﻜﻴـﻚ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎرﻛﺮﻫـﺎي AFLP ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . از ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎي آﻟﺒـﺎﻟﻮ (Karl et al., 1988)، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺮﻣـــﺎ (Jaradat and Zaid, 2004)، اﻧـــﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮآورد ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫـﺎ و ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻣﻨـﺸ ﺄ ارﻗـﺎم (Sarkhosh et al., 2007) و اﻧﮕـــــﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ارﻗﺎم ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ارﻗـﺎم (Nejatian, 2011) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻛﺎﺷــــﺘﻪ ﺷــــﺪه در اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴــــﺎ و ﻓﺮاﻧــــﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳــــﺴﻪ ﺗﻨــﻮع ﺑﺮﺧــﻲ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴــﭗﻫــﺎي ﻧ ﺎ ﺷ ــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ زﻳﺘــﻮن در ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. ارﻗــﺎم ﻣﺘﻌــﺪد ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫــﺎي زﻳــﺎدي ﻧــﺸﺎن ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮن اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻃـﺎرم ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از دادﻧﺪ و ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﻫـﻢ ﮔـﺮوه از ﺗﻼﻗـﻲ ﻣﺎرﻛﺮﻫــﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳــﻚ ﻧــﺸﺎن داد ﻛــﻪ ارﻗــﺎم ارﻗـﺎم ﺑــﺴﻴﺎر ﻗــﺪﻳﻤﻲ زﻳﺘــﻮن ﺑــﻪ وﺟــﻮد آﻣــﺪهاﻧــﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧـﺪ (Angiolillo et al., 2006). ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛـ ﻪ و داراي ﻓﺎﺻــﻠﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜــﻲ ﻣﻌﻨــﻲداري ﻧــﺴﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺎردﻫﻲ، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﻴﻮه و روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ارﻗــﺎم اﻳﺮاﻧــﻲ ﻫــﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮان از اﻳــﻦ ارﻗــﺎم ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﺗـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻي ﮔﻮﺷـﺖ ﺑـﻪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـــﻪﻫـــﺎي ﺑـــﻪﻧـــﮋادي اﺳـــﺘﻔﺎده ﻛـــﺮ د ﻫﺴﺘﻪ در ارﻗﺎم ﻛﻨﺴﺮوي از اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ (Torkzaban et al., 2010). ﺳــــﻤﺎﺋﻲ و در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي درﺧﺖ زﻳﺘﻮن اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران (Samaee et al., 2003) ﺻــﻔﺎت از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻤـﻲ ﻣﻴـﻮه ﻓﻨـﻮﺗﻴﭙﻲ و ژﻧﺘﻴﻜــﻲ ﺳـﻴﺰده ژﻧﻮﺗﻴــﭗ از دﻫـﻪ رﻗــﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ارﻗـﺎم ﻣﻬـﻢ زﻳﺘـﻮن ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در اﻳـﺴﺘﮕﺎه زﻳﺘــﻮن ﺑــﻮﻣﻲ اﻳــﺮان را ارزﻳــﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧــﺪ . ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﻴﻠﻮان، زﻧﺠﺎن ﺑﻮد . از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺧﻮﺷـــﻪاي، ﺳـــﻴﺰده ژﻧﻮﺗﻴـــﭗ را در دو ﮔـــﺮوه ﮔــﺮوهﺑﻨــﺪي ارﻗــﺎم از ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺻــﻔﺎت ﻣﻴــﻮه اﻣﻜــﺎن ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧــﻪ ﻗــﺮار داد. ﻧﺘــﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴـﺸﺒﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﻪﻫــﺎي اﺻــﻠﻲ ﻫﻤﺒــﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑ ﻬ ﺘ ــﺮي ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮزﻳــﻊ ﺑــﻪﻧــﮋادي از ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ اﺟــﺮاي ﺗﻼﻗــﻲ ﻫــﺎي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨــﺪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـــﺎﻳﻲ ﻧـــﺸﺎن داد . در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـــﻲ در اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴـــﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺻـﻔﺎﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ﻃـﻮل و ﻋـﺮض ﻣﻴــﻮه، وزن ﺗــﺮ و ﺧــﺸﻚ SIDﻣﻴــﻮه، ﺷــﻜﻞ ofﻣﻴــﻮه ، ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ Archive ﻫﻤﭽﻨـــﻴﻦ اﻧـــﺪازه ﮔـــﻞآذﻳـــﻦ و ﺷـــﻜﻞ ﺗـــﺎج در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺴﺖ رﻗـﻢ ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ و ﻧﻘـــﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـــﻲ در ﮔـــﺮوهﺑﻨـــﺪي ارﻗـــﺎم زﻳﺘـــﻮن اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ زﻳﺘﻮن، ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻔـﺪه وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﭘﻮ ﻣﻮﻟـﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ داﺷـﺘﻪ و ﺟـﺰو ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔـﺬار ﻣﻴﻮه و ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﺗﺠﺰﻳـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔـــﻪﻫـــﺎي اﺻـــﻠﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧـــﺪ ﻃـــﻲ ﺳـــﺎل ﻫـــﺎي 1389 و 1390 در اﻳـــﺴﺘﮕﺎه (Cantini et al., 1999). ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت زﻳﺘﻮن ﮔﻴﻠﻮان (واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻃﺎرم ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮﻟﻴـﺴﻪ اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺎ و ارﺗﺒـﺎط آن ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن) ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ ﭘـﻼت در زﻣـﺎن ارﻗــﺎم ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺠــﺎور، ﻫﺠــﺪه رﻗــﻢ از ﻣﻮﻟﻴــﺴﻪ ﺑــﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﺗﻜـﺮار اﺟـﺮا 625 www.SID.ir ”ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر” ﺟﻠﺪ 1-29، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، ﺳﺎل 1392 ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ. درﺻــﺪ روﻏــﻦ ﻣﻴــﻮه ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﻮل 40 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ اﺻﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳــﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮﻛــﺴﻠﻪ (BUCHI-811) ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ روي آن ﻓﺮﻣـــﻮل زﻳـــﺮ اﻧـــﺪازهﮔﻴـــﺮي و ﻣﺤﺎﺳـــﺒﻪ ﺷـــﺪ: درﺻﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﻮه اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﻤﺎرش روز ﺑﻌــﺪ از ﺗﻤــﺎم ﮔــﻞ، ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس ﻓﺮﻣــﻮل زﻳــﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﻜ ﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه، ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ 15 و 40 ﻣﺤﺎﺳـــﺒﻪ ﺷـــﺪ (Desouky et al., 2009): ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳـﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ از ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﺻــﻔﺎت ﻣــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SAS و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻳﻚ دﻳﮕﺮ داراي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ اي داﻧﻜﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ارﻗﺎم ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻘـﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻳـﻚ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻــﻔﺖ وﺟــﻮد دارد. دﮔﺮﮔــﺸﻨﻲ و ازدﻳــﺎد ﻧﺘــﺎج ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي ﺟﻨـــﺴﻲ ﻳﻜـــﻲ از ﻋﻠـــﻞ اﻳﺠـــﺎد ﺗﻨـــﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜـــﻲ و ﮔــﺮوهﺑﻨــﺪي ارﻗــﺎم از روش وارد (Ward) ﺑــﺮ و اﻧــﻮاع ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﻫــﺎي زﻳﺘــﻮن در ﻃــﻲ ﺳــﺎل ﻫــﺎ ﻣﺒﻨــﺎي ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ ﻓﺎﺻــﻠﻪ اﻗﻠﻴﺪوﺳــﻲ، ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﻣﻌﻴــﺎر اﺳـــﺖ. ﮔـــﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﺳـــﻨﺘﻲ ارﻗـــﺎم ﻧﻴـــﺰ در اﻳـــﻦ ﻓﺎﺻــﻠﻪ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻓﻮاﺻــﻞ ﺑﻌــﺪ از ﺧـــﺼﻮص ﻧﻘـــﺶ ﺑـــﻪ ﺳـــﺰاﻳﻲ داﺷـــﺘﻪ اﺳـــﺖ اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛــﺮدن دادهﻫــﺎ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﺑــﻪ (Mohammadi and Vakili, 2007). اﺛـــﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫــﺎي اﺻــﻠﻲ ﺑــﺎ ﻧــﺮماﻓــﺰارMSTAT-Cof SID ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎل ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي Archiveﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﺳﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ واﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ارﻗﺎم در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﺖ (ﺟﺪول ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ وارﻳـﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ). ﻧــــﺎم ارﻗــــﺎم زﻳﺘــــﻮن ﻣــــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــــﻪ در ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎ ﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت، وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺟـــﺪول 1 و وﻳﮋﮔـــﻲﻫـــﺎي ﻣـــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـــﻲ در ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ: ﺟﺪول 2 ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘــﺎدﻳﺮ درﺻــﺪ ﺗــﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴــﻮه اوﻟﻴــﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻮرد (266/12) و ﻧﻬـــﺎﻳﻲ (76/8) ﻣﺮﺑـــﻮط ﺑـــﻪ رﻗـــﻢ 626 www.SID.ir ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي... ﺟﺪول 1- ﻧﺎم ارﻗﺎم زﻳﺘﻮن و ﻣﻨﺸﺄ آنﻫﺎ Table 1. List of olive cultivars and their origins ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ Abbreviation Origin ارﻗﺎم Cultivars اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ Ar Spain آرﺑﻜﻴﻦ Arbequina ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮم Ba Unknown ﺑﻠﻴﺪي Baladi ﻳﻮﻧﺎن Co Greece ك.رﻓﻮﻟﻴﺎ Corfolia اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ Fr Italy ﻓﺮاﻧﺘﻮﻳﻮ Frantoio ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ Gr France ﮔﺮوﺳﺎن Groosane ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ Cai France ﻛﺎﻳﻠﺘﻪ Cailletier ﺳﻮرﻳﻪ Kai Syria ﻛﺎﻳﺴﻲ Kaissy ﻳﻮﻧﺎن Car Greece ﻛﺎرﻳﺪوﻟﻴﺎ Caridolia ﻳﻮﻧﺎن Ko Greece ﻛﺮوﻧﺎﺋﻴﻜﻲ Koroneiki اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ Le Italy ﻟﭽﻴﻨﻮ Leccino ﻓﺮاﻧﻴﻪ Lu France ﻟﻮﻛﻮ Lucquoise اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ Ma Spain ﻣﺎﻧﺰاﻧﻴﺎ Manzanilla ﺳﻮرﻳﻪ Mav Syria ﻣﺎوي Mavi آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ Mi United States ﻣﻴﺸﻦ Mission اردن Na Jordan ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ Nabali اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ Pi Spain ﭘﻴﻜﻮآل Picual اﻳﺮان Ro Iran روﻏﻨﻲ Rowghani اﻳﺮان Sh Iran ﺷﻨﮕﻪ Shengeh ﻳﻮﻧﺎن Vo Greece وﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻜﻲ Voliotici اﻳﺮان Za Iran زرد Zard آرﺑﻜﻴﻦ ﺑﻮد .
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