DOCSLIB.ORG

Pedophilia in Albania: Isolated Phenomenon Or "Epidemic"

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pedophilia in Albania: Isolated Phenomenon Or ISSN 2239-978X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 7 ISSN 2240-0524 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy October 2013 Pedophilia in Albania: Isolated Phenomenon or "Epidemic" Aleks Prifti University of Vlora, Ismail Qemali, Vlore, Albania E-mail: [email protected] Engjellushe Zenelaj University of Vlora, Ismail Qemali, Vlore, Albania E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p183 Abstract Pedophilia and sexual abuse offenses against morality and dignity of minors in Albania, presents a serious problem for the actual Albanian society, and to the future generation. Pedophilia is no longer an isolated phenomenon, but has become an "epidemic" of modern society. Other countries of the civilized world are affected by this phenomenon, but that they have the necessary legal mechanisms, social and psychological, and awareness of society which control and mitigate to the maximum of this phenomenon. The paper provides the latest optics on psychosocial aspects, legal and criminological phenomenon of pedophilia in Albania in recent years. From the review and analysis of comparative statistical data of justice and police aim to provide dynamics and trends of pedophilia taken during the study.Through this paper we intend to diagnose psycho-social factors, criminogenic causing the spread of this phenomenon with great impact on the family environment, social and political country. In addition, the article analyzes the problems of law, criminal policy, police preventive aspects, social and psychological measures and the involvement of all stakeholders towards reducing this disturbing phenomenon. In the paper, cases study were taken to several court cases to analyze typical problems that exist in the area of sentencing of some offenders. The paper is realized through a methodological approach combined with official statistical data, case studies, the authors study the profiles of sexual violence against minors, the phenomenology, social and psychological context etc. Keywords: Pedophilia, sexual abuse, puberty, pedopornografia, cibercrime, penal policy 1. Problematic of pedophilia in Albania and dilemmas!? The minor sexual violence in Albania, in recent years, has become a problem of great concern to social opinion. This is because in Albania, even though the numbers show that there is a growing number of authors of sexual crimes on minors, not counting the number of victims is high, state institutions remain far approaches to the prevention policy for this brutal phenomenon. Tragic cases of abuse, and macabre murder of a 11 year old child, kidnapping of a minor next 13 years in Tirana, by the same sexual maniac author in 2013, and several other cases of pedophilia, within a span of time is short this year, have put to the dilemma public opinion and civil society, how defend and how prepared we are to face these situations and to avoid this horrific cases, while it seems that preventive measures against this phenomenon, aren’t still at the appropriate level. Increasing the number of sex crimes on minors has recently prompted political, legal, criminal and media debate. The size and the geographical distribution that has taken the phenomen, the number of victims, increases the importance finding adequate solutions to this worrying phenomenon. It is imperative that the authors of this paper try to provide assistance through the elaboration of this phenomenon by increasing the relevant hypotheses and recommendations on what to do in this society and institutions incandescent situation to prevent this brutal "pedoepidemic". Seeking the roots of such phenomenon have to go a little back in time, when in the totalitarian past system this phenomenon was considered taboo and not given any information about this problem, which although was present according to statistics available now. Problematic of pedophilia will be complicated after 1990, when the Albanian society came out of isolation after 50 years, during which from state repression and violence, was a delinquent and deviant behaviors compression to many socio-minded individuals and disorderly personality or those who had experienced 183 ISSN 2239-978X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 7 ISSN 2240-0524 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy October 2013 domestic violence episodes of various forms of sexual to them. Perhaps this is the reason why the main part of statistics for author of sexual crime on minor age, are over 50 years old, born before 1980. The analysis of the data available for this phenomenon, deduce that the specific crime of pedophilia in Albania, is the increasing number of cases sexual violence against minors, and victimization of minors up to 14 years, the cruelty of violent acts, more involvement in acts of elderly pedophile, incestual pedophile , or cases of forced sexual exploitation of minors. Faced with this shocking social reality, devastating the lives of victims and victims' families alarm, has sparked controversy and dilemma in public opinion, among which: Should much tougher penal system against pedophiles? Could the perpetrators be isolated or castrated? What to do society, institutions and organizations to educate more families and minors about the dangers that can happen? 2. Aspects of the dynamics of sexual violence against minors Looking at the dynamic aspect, sexual crimes against minors, for the decade 2002-2012 point out a considerable volume of these crimes compared with the total number of sex crimes that occurred in Albania in this period (Police, 2012). For the period 2002-2012, were recorded by police, courts and track 375 issues associated with minors victims of sexual violence. According to official data of the Ministry of Justice for the period 2002-2009, 107 cases were followed for sex or homosexual minors under 14 years, and 86 cases of sexual or homosexual relationship with violence, with infant 14-18 (Minisrty of Justice, 2010), 67 issues for indecency with a minor, incest 4 cases, and 23 cases of trafficking of minors (see Table 1). Draws attention to the fact that, of the 25 sexual crimes processed by Justice in 2009, 21 of them are passive sexual crimes with a minor subject. This indicates a somewhat alarm in terms of sexual victimization of minors, which requires the necessary scientific interpretations of research centers and civil society as well as proposals for policy makers and executives to improve the situation and prevent the victimization of minors. Disturbing is the fact that, in recent years there has been a growing trend, the specific weight of cases of sexual/homosexual violence with minors. According to statistics, the total number of cases of pedophilia investigated for the years 2002-2012, 159 cases or 73.6% of them have occurred in the last 5 years 2008-2012. According to observations made by us, cases of sexual crimes against minors in relation to the total number of sexual crimes have increased as a trend. Thus, in the last 5 years, from 2008 to 2012, cases of pedophilia make a specific weight of 48.77%, compared with the total number of sexual crimes recorded by the police for these years. In 2008, 36.8% of which constituted sexual crimes with minors in relation to sexual crimes in general, in 2012 they increased to 50% (Police G. D., 2012). Even in comparison with the number, of abused women, for this period, the injured minors constituted 50.17% of their (Police G. D., 2012), which shows a high incidence of frequency of occurrence of these crimes. According to recent research (interviews with minors 4351), shows that the prevalence of sexual harassment, to minors is 11%, while the incidence is 9%, while the prevalence of sexual violence 4.9%, and the incidence is 4%1 . The high percentage of prevalence of sexual harassment is related to the greatest number of the authors with adult age, over 60 years old. Regarding sexual harassment victims by gender shows that girls reported prevalence is 8%, whereas homosexual boys harassment is 14%, while the incidence is reported 6% for girls and 13% for boys. Regarding sexual violence is reported a prevalence of 2% for girls and for homosexual violenc for boys is 8%. While the incidence is about 1.5% for girls and 7.5% for boys2. Albanian reality, shows that physical and psychological violence is more present in the environment in which many children grow, which become influential factors in criminal behavior of authors of sexual violence against minors. Even in a study conducted by the WHO, in Albania, shows that the prevalence of sexual abuse was significantly higher among male students (8.8%) than in females (4.7%). Abuses, according to questionnaires, were associated with the rural environment of birth, parental education, parental unemployment and the low level of household income. 1 Children’s Human Rights Centre of Albania (CRCA) presented at a BECAN National Conference the results of the study “Violence against Children in Albania in the framework of the Balkan Epidemiologic Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (B.E.C.A.N). 19 January 2013 2 Children’s Human Rights Centre of Albania (CRCA) presented at a BECAN National Conference the results of the study “Violence against Children in Albania in the framework of the Balkan Epidemiologic Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (B.E.C.A.N). 19 January 2013 184 ISSN 2239-978X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 7 ISSN 2240-0524 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy October 2013 The trend of sexual violence against minors over the past two years has increased the cases of pedophilia, although not reported in official statistics because all opinion, shame, fear, impunity, etc...During 2012 were registered 47 reports of sexual violence against children by non-governmental organizations and official statistics listed only 22 cases. The number of cases of sexual/homosexual minors violence is also significant growth in 2013, which is becoming almost "epidemic".
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Execution of Imprisonment for Women in the Republic of Kosovo
    Leka and Leka: Judiciary and State-Building of Kosovo: Execution of Imprisonment International Journal on Responsibility 2.1 Dec 2018 Judiciary and State-Building of Kosovo: the Execution of Imprisonment for Women in the Republic of Kosovo Saranda Leka, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina” Dukagjin Leka, University of Gjilan “Kadri Zeka” Abstract Historically it is known that criminal offenses made by females are at a lower level than criminal offenses made by males. However, regardless of gender, it is important to note that for the perpetrators of criminal offenses have also been created the legal basis, and earlier has been used also the customary law, in order to sanction these criminal offenses. But, the main problem throughout the history of mankind has been that through the execution of these sanctions is the re-socialization of those persons achieved, especially for the females, as well as the issue of the physical aspect of the place, where the females should be held, in special prisons or together with other perpetrators of criminal offenses. When considering the penitentiary system in Kosovo, for females who in one way or another have committed a crime and been punished with a prison sentence, it is notable that from the moment they begin serving the sentence, they should be sent to a special prison for women in Kosovo, known as the Lipjan Prison, which is located around 15 kilometers from the capital of Kosovo – Pristina. In this paper, we will try to elaborate historical aspects of the development of the prison for women during the state-building of Kosovo, then the legal basis on which the sentence is served, and we shall not neglect studying and presenting most of the aspects related to the functioning of the single prison for women during the state-building of the Republic of Kosovo.
    [Show full text]
  • Doracak Ligjorë Grupet E Cënuara Dhe Të Margjinalizuara Në Kosovë
    CLARD Doracak Ligjorë Grupet e cënuara dhe të margjinalizuara në Kosovë Pravni Priručnik Ugrožene i marginalizovane grupe na Kosovu A Legal Handbook Vulnerable and Marginalised Groups in Kosovo Working Towards a Stable Multi-Ethnic Kosovo Enhancing the Positive Impact of the Law for Vulnerable and Marginalised Groups in Kosovo An EU-funded project managed by the European Commission Liaison Office Handbook on the Legal Rights of Vulnerable and Marginalised Groups – December 2012 Ky publikim është prodhuar me ndihmën e Bashkimit Evropian. Përmbajtja e këtij publikimi është përgjegjësi vetëm e ECMI Kosovës dhe në asnjë mënyrë nuk mund të konsiderohet se pasqyron pikëpamjet e Bashkimit Evropian. Ova publikacija je napravljena uz pomod Evropske Unije. Sadržaj ove publikacije je isključiva odgovornost ECMI Kosovo i ne predstavlja stavove Evropske Unije. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ECMI Kosovo and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Të drejtat e autorit © Qendra Evropiane për Çështje të Pakicave – ECMI Kosova, dhjetor 2012. Të gjitha të drejtat janë të rezervuara. Asnjë pjesë e këtij publikimi nuk mund të riprodhohet, të ruhet në ndonjë sistem të rikthyeshëm apo të përdoret në ndonjë formë apo mënyrë tjetër, elektronike, mekanike, të fotokopjimit, dhe incizimit, jashtë marrëveshjes paraprake me ECMI KosovënAutorska prava Autorska prava © Evropski centar za pitanja manjina, Kosovo (ECMI Kosovo), decembar 2012. godine. Sva prava zadržana. Nijedan deo ove publikacije ne sme se reprodukovati,čuvati u sistemu ili se prenositi u ma kojem obliku ili na bilo koji način, elektronski, mehanički, fotokopiranjem, snimanjem ili drugačije, bez prethodnog odobrenja ECMI Kosovo.
    [Show full text]
  • Flori Bruqi Konti I Letrave Shqipe
    Përgatiti: Dibran Fylli Naim Kelmendi FLORI BRUQI KONTI I LETRAVE SHQIPE (Intervista, vështrime, recensione) AKADEMIA SHQIPTARO-AMERIKANE THE ALBANIAN AMERICAN ACADEMY E SHKENCAVE DHE ARTEVE OF SCIENCE AND ARTS NEW YORK, PRISHTINË, TIRANË, SHKUP Shtëpia botuese “Press Liberty” Për botuesin Asllan Qyqalla Redaktor gjuhësor Naim Kelmendi Recensent Zef Pergega Kopertina-dizajni Dibran Fylli Radhitja kompjuterike dhe faqosja uniART Creative © të gjitha të drejtat (f.b) Dibran Fylli Naim Kelmendi FLORI BRUQI KONTI I LETRAVE SHQIPE (Intervista, vështrime, recensione) PRESS LIBERTY Prishtinë 2021 Shkrime kritike nga: Zef Pergega, Eshref Ymeri, Namik Shehu, Naim Kelmendi, Kujtim Mateli,Rushit Ramabaja, Reshat Sahitaj, Fatmir Terziu, Mehmet Kajtazi, Iljaz Prokshi, Lumturie Haxhiaj, Dibran Fylli, Rrustem Geci, Kristaq Shabani, Faik Xhani, Rasim Bebo, Rexhep Shahu, Nijazi Halili, Adem Avdia, Bajame Hoxha... Flori Bruqi-Konti i letrave shqipe PIKËPAMJE PËR KRJIMTARINË LETRARE, KRITIKËN DHE KRIZËN E IDENTITETIT Intervistë e gjatë me shkrimtarin Flori Bruqi Nga Akademik Prof.dr. Zef Përgega Atë që nuk e bëri shteti e bëri njeriu, Flori Bruqi, Konti i kulturës dhe letrave shqipe. Leksikoni pikë së pari është një leksion për Akademitë e Shkencave të Shqipërisë, Kosovës dhe trevave të tjera shqiptare. Flori Bruqi u ka ngritur njerë- zve një permendore të derdhur ne shkronja, i ka vlerësuar në motivin më të lartë që kurrë nuk do ta përjetonin nga shteti, të cilit i shërbyen me devocion, ashtu siç bënë çdo gjë për kombin e tyre. Gjëja më e keqe dhe e rëndomtë tek shqiptari është mungesa e kujtesës dhe e ndërimit, që prej tyre vjen bashkimi, ndërsa ato i mbajnë sytë e lumturohen në gardhin e lartë të ndarjes mes nesh, që po me paratë e popullit ndërton muret e ndarjes.Flori Bruqi është një etalon i paparë, një shpirt i madh që nuk kërkon lavd.
    [Show full text]
  • Fjala Hyrse Pr Raportin 2009
    REPUBLIKA E SHQIPËRISË AVOKATI I POPULLIT R A P O R T Për veprimtarinë e Avokatit të Popullit 1 Janar – 31 Dhjetor Viti 2009 Fjala e Avokatit të Popullit E nderuar Zj. Kryetare e Kuvendit Të nderuar Zj. dhe Z. Deputetë Kur unë u zgjodha për herë të parë Avokat i Popullit në 16 shkurt të vitit 2000, mora në dorë nga Kuvendi i Shqipërisë jo vetëm një vendim në letër, por edhe mbështetjen politike konsensuale, maksimale për atë kohë, për ta ngritur këtë institucion mbi bazën e parimeve të njohura të punës për një ombudsman të mirë. Këto parime janë paanësia politike, konfidencialiteti, profesionalizmi dhe pavarësia nga 3 pushtetet, parime të cilat janë zbatuar gjatë ushtrimit të veprimtarisë tonë në mbrojtje të të drejtave dhe lirive themelore të njeriut, përfshirë edhe qeverisjen e mirë. Eshtë e vërtetë se ne në Shqipëri kemi një institucion Ombudsmani, detyrat dhe të drejtat e të cilit për fat të mirë janë përcaktuar qartë në Kushtetutën tonë si dhe kemi një ligj organik për Avokatin e Popullit, i cili është cilësuar si një ligj nga më të mirët në Evropë për llojin e tij. Eshtë gjithashtu e vërtetë se ne patëm fatin e mirë që të kemi mbështetje të fortë morale dhe financiare nga miqtë tanë ndërkombëtarë. Por dua të shtoj se të gjithë këta faktorë “objektivë” nuk do të jepnin rezultatin e kërkuar pa faktorin e brendshëm, pa Avokatin e Popullit dhe stafin e tij. Kështu që ne, me përkushtim të thellë për misionin tonë, nuk u lodhëm nga pengesat dhe vështirësitë e para, të cilat në të vërtetë kanë qenë të panumërta, duke filluar nga mungesa e njohjes si nga publiku, ashtu edhe nga zyrtarët shqiptarë për të drejtat dhe detyrat e Avokatit të Popullit, mungesa e stafit dhe e mjeteve të punës dhe deri tek mungesa e zyrave të mjaftueshme.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Development Organizations
    EDITION 2010 VOLUME III.A / EUROPE DIRECTORY OF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, CIVIL SOCIETY, UNIVERSITIES, GRANTMAKERS, BANKS, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT CONSULTING FIRMS Resource Guide to Development Organizations and the Internet Introduction Welcome to the directory of development organizations 2010, Volume III: Europe The directory of development organizations, listing 63.350 development organizations, has been prepared to facilitate international cooperation and knowledge sharing in development work, both among civil society organizations, research institutions, governments and the private sector. The directory aims to promote interaction and active partnerships among key development organisations in civil society, including NGOs, trade unions, faith-based organizations, indigenous peoples movements, foundations and research centres. In creating opportunities for dialogue with governments and private sector, civil society organizations are helping to amplify the voices of the poorest people in the decisions that affect their lives, improve development effectiveness and sustainability and hold governments and policymakers publicly accountable. In particular, the directory is intended to provide a comprehensive source of reference for development practitioners, researchers, donor employees, and policymakers who are committed to good governance, sustainable development and poverty reduction, through: the financial sector and microfinance,
    [Show full text]
  • Luftë E Fortë Mes Politikës Dhe SHBA Për Kushtetuesen, Meta Takon
    Rr.Sitki Çiço përballë Maternitetit të Ri, Tel: 067 647 5153, E-mail: [email protected] Rama i quan shfaqje brutale Ç ë m k imi 20 le akuzat ndaj Thaçit, nuk kursen kritikat as ndaj amerikanëve, E Mërkurë 1 Korrik 2020 tërheq padinë ndaj Haradinajt Faqe 8 Zhvillime të forta nga vetingu, drejtimin e Kolegjit Luftë e fortë mes politikës dhe SHBA të Apelimit e merr Albana Shtylla, ikën Natasha Mulaj Organet e vetingut kanë pësuar zhvillime të për Kushtetuesen, Meta takon Ruçin forta. Në Kolegjin e Posaçëm të Apelimit u hodh dje shorti për drejtuesin e ri, pas mbarimit të mandatit 3-vjeçar të Natasha Mulaj. Me të gjitha votat pro, në krye të këtij institucioni u zgjodh Albana Shtyl- për të gjetur akordin final, Kim-Soreca la. Përmes një njoftimi të shpërndarë për media, bëhet me dije se votimi është bërë... Faqe 6 Zbardhen rekomandimet e ultimatum Tushës të jetë e pavarur qeverisë për prokurorinë, Faqe 2-3 gjatë 2020 kërkohet që fokus të jetë korrupsioni i zyrtarëve, ja dokumenti Qeveria ka kërkuar nga kryeprokurori Olsian Çela dhe kreu i SPAK Arben Kraja që të nisin luftën ndaj korrupsionit në nivel politik. Gazeta ka siguruar rekomandimet e përvitshme të qeverisë për Prokurorinë e Përgjithshme, ku një fokus i veçantë i kushtohet korrupsionit... Faqe 7 Debate në opozitë, rikthimi i të vjetërve dhe skema e kandidatëve shkakton përplasje në PD, LSI në alarm nga heqja e koalicioneve Rikthimi i të“vjetërve” dhe skema e kandidimeve ka shkaktuar përplasje në Partinë Demokratike. Pak ditë më parë kryedemokrati Lulzim Basha i propozoi Kryesisë së PD nisjen e procesit të përzgjedhjes, konsultimit dhe seleksionimit të kandidatu- rave për zgjedhjet parlamentare..
    [Show full text]
  • Raporti Vjetor 2006
    REPUBLIKA E SHQIPËRISË KUVENDI I SHQIPERISE AVOKATI I POPULLIT R A P O R T Për veprimtarinë e Avokatit të Popullit 1 Janar – 31 Dhjetor Viti 2006 Tiranë, 19 Shkurt 2007 Fjala e Avokatit të Popullit E nderuar Zonja Kryetare e Kuvendit te Republikes se Shqiperise Te nderuar deputete Raporti Vjetor qe kam nderin te paraqes sot para jush eshte i shtati per nga numri. Avokati i Popullit eshte derivat i ketij Kuvendi te nderuar, i cili e ka krijuar ate ligjerisht dhe institucionalisht si nje element te rendesishem ne balancen ndermjet legjislativit, gjyqesorit dhe ekzekutivit. Pervoja jone ka treguar se nuk ka rendesi se si ideja e krijimit te nje Ombudsmani behet pjese e axhendes politike. Pertej ketij momenti, e rendesishme eshte se si nje zyre e tille arrin te pershtatet ne sistemin ligjor, ne kontekstin social, administrativ dhe historik, pra se si funksionon lidhja e tij me tre pushtetet. Paraqitja para jush e ketij raporti vjetor nuk eshte thjesht vetem per te treguar se çfare kemi bere dhe si e kemi bere. Natyrisht qe edhe kete vleresim, Ju do ta beni dhe ne dhe do ta mirepresim si çdo vit me pare. Perveç kesaj, ky raport perfaqeson ne vetvete nje instrument ne duart e ketij Kuvendi per te njohur administraten publike dhe qeverisjen ne shkalle vendi, pra ne nivel qendror dhe vendor. Pavaresisht nga shqetesimet individuale te shtetasve tane qe formalizohen nepermjet ankesave dhe kerkesave prane Avokatit te Popullit, te gjitha keto se bashku kane te bejne me ato shqetesime apo probleme te vogla e te medha me te cilat ndeshet sot shoqeria dhe administrata publike shqiptare.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    A Seat at the Table Women’s contributions to and expectations from peacebuilding processes in Kosovo © Kosovo Women’s Network, 2021 All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and shared, so long as the source is acknowledged. Authors: Majlinda Behrami, José Carpintero Molina, and Nicole Farnsworth Design: Jeta Dobranja This publication was produced with financial support from UN Women. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UN Women. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Kosovo Women’s Network (KWN) would like to express its gratitude to all research participants, including women’s rights activists, politicians, and representatives of institutions who shared their stories. The KWN research team, including Majlinda Behrami, José Carpintero Molina, and Besarta Breznica worked tirelessly to conduct, transcribe, and analyse the interview, focus group, and survey data. Nicole Farnsworth supported the team and assisted with report writing. Tijana Simić LaValley conducted focus groups in the Serbian language and advised on the report. Lauren Hanna assisted with proofreading. Loreta Suka facilitated translation. The authors thank KWN Executive Director Igballe Rogova, Finance Manager Besa Shehu, Project Manager Zana Rudi, and Project Coordinator Etleva Malushaj for their ongoing support. The publication was reviewed by Yllka Soba, Loren- ta Kadriu, Tijana Simic LaValley, Vetone Veliu, UN Women representatives, and other UN representatives. KWN thanks UN Women in Kosovo for trusting and supporting
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Development Organizations
    EDITION 2008 VOLUME III.A / EUROPE DIRECTORY OF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, CIVIL SOCIETY, UNIVERSITIES, GRANTMAKERS, BANKS, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT CONSULTING FIRMS Resource Guide to Development Organizations and the Internet Introduction Welcome to the directory of development organizations 2008, Volume III: Europe The directory of development organizations, listing 53.750 development organizations, has been prepared to facilitate international cooperation and knowledge sharing in development work, both among civil society organizations, research institutions, governments and the private sector. The directory aims to promote interaction and active partnerships among key development organisations in civil society, including NGOs, trade unions, faith-based organizations, indigenous peoples movements, foundations and research centres. In creating opportunities for dialogue with governments and private sector, civil society organizations are helping to amplify the voices of the poorest people in the decisions that affect their lives, improve development effectiveness and sustainability and hold governments and policymakers publicly accountable. In particular, the directory is intended to provide a comprehensive source of reference for development practitioners, researchers, donor employees, and policymakers who are committed to good governance, sustainable development and poverty reduction, through: the financial sector and microfinance,
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of U.S. a in the Independence, Education and Democratic Developments in the History of Albanian State
    FREEDOM Journal for Peacebuilding and Transcultural Communication, Volume 1. Issue 1/2 Conference Paper UDC: 32/.33-027.12(73:496.5) THE CONTRIBUTION OF U.S. A IN THE INDEPENDENCE, EDUCATION AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ALBANIAN STATE Astrit Memia1 1Faculty of Philology, University of Tirana, Albania Abstract At the beginning of the 20th Century, President Wilson was the first world leader who proclaimed his solidarity with the small nations, not to embrace the social-Darwinism as a doctrine, the Peace Conference that was held at Paris in 1919. Since then, the U.S.A. expanded its support to Albania in the between the two countries continued to strengthen even after WWI, when Ahmet Zogu managed to sign the agreement humanitarian aid. During the Cold War, even though Albania followed a self-isolation policy, the compass of the Albanians continued always to point towards the American democratic values. After the fall of communism, when Albania was in the newly born fragile democracy, the Bush and Clinton administrations placed the first bricks for a healthy and consolidated pluralist system and open-market. The economic and diplomatic ties between Albania and U.S.A. were consolidated through the ramification of several agreements which paved the way towards various investments. The support of U.S., can be categorized in three baskets: support towards critical reforms that will ease the process of integration towards the EU; support to make Albania a strong NATO ally and regional partner; and to promote democracy and free-market reforms. In this insecure globalized world, the eternal Albanian-American friendship will remain a diamond of peace and stability as a model for the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Macrotheme Review 3(4), Spring 2014
    Ma.Kasem CENAJ and Myzafer ELEZI, The Macrotheme Review 3(4), Spring 2014 The Macrotheme Review A multidisciplinary journal of global macro trends The right to information in Albania Ma.Kasem CENAJ* and Myzafer ELEZI** European University of Tirana, Albania* Lecturer, Department of Justice, Ismail Qemali Vlore University, Albania** Abstract A democratic state cannot be understood without the right and freedom of information. The right to information is directly linked with the fundamental freedoms and human rights, as such, every citizen of a state that builds its operation on democratic principles, should be informed of what is happening in his country, but shall enjoy the right to see information on official documents. Albania as a ex communist country, only after 1990 began to build a democratic constitution for the country. Law on the right of information was founded in 1999. Although there are a several years experience again observed not only in the operation of the law, its implementation by administrate. The aim of the article is to identify the importance of the right of informing, training mode and path, the legal framework and the main problems encountered in Albania with law enforcement. Keywords: The right to information, Albania 1. Introduction Many decades ago, many countries began creating freedom of information legislation. Law itself is the first step, as important is its implementation. For the implementation of such legislation should take into consideration the administrative transformations concerning the right to information. Albania as an isolated country for decades, in relation to the countries of Western Europe, and other developed countries, has launched later way of creating legislation, but also the implementation of the right to information.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Nordalbanische Gewohnheitsrecht Und Seine Mündliche Dimension
    Stéphane Voell Das nordalbanische Gewohnheitsrecht Reihe Curupira, Band 17 herausgegeben vom Förderverein ›Völkerkunde in Marburg‹ e. V. Dissertation im Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Philosophie der Philipps-Universität Marburg Nach dem Zerfall des sozialistischen Einparteienstaats in Albanien 1991 etablierten sich demokratische Prinzipien nur zögerlich im Land. Eine reaktualisierte Form des traditionellen mündlichen Rechts ›Kanun‹ trat besonders in Nordalbanien an die Stelle fehlender staatlicher Strukturen und bestimmt noch heute weite Bereiche des sozialen Lebens. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Kanun als Habitus beschrieben und damit die Beständigkeit des lokalen Rechts über den Sozialismus hinaus in das demokratische Albanien diskutiert. Eine besondere Charakteristik des Kanuns liegt in der mündlichen Dimension seiner Praxis. Der Autor bezieht die abstrakte ethno- logische Perspektive ›Mündlichkeit‹ auf die spezifische ethnographische Realität des Kanuns. Democratic principles have only slowly taken root in Albania after the disintegration of the socialist one-party-state in 1991. A contemporary form of the traditional oral law ›kanun‹ took the place of missing state structures, especially in northern Albania, and today determines large parts of social life. In this book the kanun is described as a habitus and the resilience of the local law through socialist and well into democratic Albania is discussed. A peculiar characteristic of the kanun lies in the oral dimension of its practice. The author applies the abstract anthropological category ›orality‹ to the specific ethnographical reality of the kanun. Stéphane Voell Das nordalbanische Gewohnheitsrecht und seine mündliche Dimension curupira Der Förderverein ›Völkerkunde in Marburg‹ e.V. wurde 1993 gegrün- det. Seine Aufgabe besteht unter anderem in der Herausgabe der eth- nologischen Schriftenreihen ›Curupira‹ und ›Curupira Workshop‹.
    [Show full text]