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Laste Ned Registeret Register og glossar Hvis du ikke vet betydningen av et ord kan det skyldes at ordet er forklart et annet sted i boken (dette gjelder evolusjonære og systematiske fagord som bare forklares første gang de nevnes), eller at det ikke er forklart i det hele tatt (dette gjelder særlig anatomiske fagord fra kapittel 5). For at du skal slippe å slå opp både i et stikkordregister og en liste med ordforklaringer, er registeret og glossaret slått sammen her. I tillegg til fagord finner du sidehenvisninger til navnene på alle dyregrupper som er omtalt i kapittel 5. Halvfeite sidetall angir siden der ordet blir definert eller får bred omtale. Asterisk (*) bak sidetallet betyr at ordet nevnes i en fotnote på den angitte siden. Hevete tall bak personnavn angir ikke sidetall, men referanser. Tall etterfulgt av «f» betyr «... og den følgende siden». 4d-celle 70 agamer 95 analogi 44, 45f, 62, 129, 133, 9·2+2-mønster → "ni · to + to" agamospecies 17, 23 141, 152, 157, 183 Agathiphaga 125 "Anamnia" 150 A ——— Aglossata 125 "Anamorpha" 114 abdomen 114f, 121 "Agnatha" 77 Anapsida 93, 173 aboral: på motsatt side av mun- akvatisk: i vann, vannlevende anatomi 43f, 54 nen Albulidae 86 ancestral state 139 Acanthobdella 108 Aleyrodina 121 Ancyropoda 106 Acanthocephala 96, 131 allantois 88, 92 andefugler 94 Acanthochitonidae 103 allel 12 Andrias 89 Acari 116 alligatorer 94 Anguilliformes 86 Acariformes 116 Alligatoridae 94 anhydrobiose 111 Acercaria 120 "Allogastropoda" 105 Animalia 61 acicula 107 allopatrisk 25, 26, 32, 146 anisogami 21 Acipenseridae 85 Amblypygi 116 Anisoptera 120 Acipenseriformes 85 ambolt 91 Anisozygoptera 120 Acoela 65 "Ambulacralia" 73 "Annelida" 100, 107–9, 155 "Acoelomata" 65 ambulakralsystem 73 Annulipalpia 126 Acoelomorpha 65, 71 amfibier 45f, 88f, 133, 159 "Anopla" 98 Acrania 76, 155 amfimixis 20 Anoplura 120 Acrodonta 95 Amia 86 Anostraca 115 acron 101, 110 ammocoetes 82 Anseriformes 94 acrosom 64 amnion 88 antenne 110, 113 Acrosomata 64 amniondyr 88 Anthozoa 67 "Actinaria" 67 Amniota 46, 88, 90f, 133, 159, Antliophora 127 Actinistia 90 171, 174 antroposentrisme 148 Actinopteri 82, 84 Amphibia 88, 170 Anura 89 Actinopterygii 84 Amphiesmenoptera 125 anus: endetarmsåpning Actinotrichida 116 Amphioxus 76 aortarot 75f, 88 adap(ta)sjon 9, 11, 21 Amphipoda 115 Aphanoneura 107 adaptasjonisme 9, 10, 11 ampulle 73 Aphidina 121 adaptiv 9, 11, 14, 144 "Anactinotrichida" 116 apikal: på spissen, fremst på adduktor 106 anadrom (om fisk): som vandrer kroppen adelphotaxon 34* til havet på næringssøk og til- apikalorgan 73, 99 Adephaga 122 bake til ferskvann for å gyte Aplacophora 100, 102 Aeolosomatidae 107 anagenese 7, 14, 25, 155, 157 "Aplotegmentaria" 102 205 Apocrita 124 "Asterozoa" 74 blastula: stadium i ontogenesen Apoda 90 Asymmetron 76 der ett cellelag danner en Apogastropoda 105 atavisme 52 væskefylt kule apomixis 21 Atentaculata 66 "Blattodea" 121 apomorfi 46, 47f, 50–3, 60–9, atlas 87 Blattopteroida 121 71–9, 82f, 85–93, 95f, 98f, Atractosteus 86 blekkspruter 63, 105 101–4, 106–10, 113–5, 118– atrium 77, 105 blodkarsystem 37, 69, 73, 98, 21, 123–5, 130, 132, 144f, Atubaria 75 108; → sirkulasjonssystem 152, 159, 164, 167–70, 173, autapomorfi 46, 47f, 50, 58, blodlegemer, røde 91 175 115, 159, 172 blæremaneter 68 apomorfibasert taxonnavn 169, Autobranchia 106 bløtdyr 67, 70–2, 99–101, 103 170, 174 autotomi 95 blåfisken 84, 90, 143, 146, 161 Appendicularia 77 Aves 94, 156, 171 body plan 38* "Apterygota" 115 avledet 46, 66, 78, 80, 98, 110 brachiolaria 78 Apteryx 94 axialkompleks 73 Brachiopoda 70 "Apulmonata" 115 axocoel 73, 79 Brachycera 127 Arachnata 170 branch length 10, 139 Arachnida 112, 116 B ——— Branchiopoda 115 Arachnomorpha 116 bakgjellesnegler 105 Branchiostoma 76 Araneae 117 balansert (stamtre) 127, 143f, "Branchiotremata" 74 Araneomorphae 117 150 Branchiura 115 "Archaeogastropoda" 105 basallamina 65 brankialbue 76, 82 Archaeognatha 119 bastardisering 26 broøgle 95, 156, 171 Archaeopteryx 171f, 174 "Batrachia" 88 bruskfisker 82 "Archiannelida" 107 Bauplan 38 bruskganoider 84 archimeri 69 Bdelloidea 23, 96 Bryozoa 70 Archosauria 88, 93, 173 Bdellonemertini 99 bryststykke 114 "Archosauromorpha" 93 begermaneter 68 Buddenbrockia 63 Archostemata 122 begrensning 11, 14f, 38, 146, 176 bukkalapparat 95 arcualia 81f, 85 beinfisker 83–5, 150, 155, 159, byggeplan 38, 42 Argentiniformes 85 164, 175 byssuskjertel 106 armføttinger 70 beinganoider 84 børsteføtter 101 armsalamandere 89 beintungefisker 86 børstehaler 119 art, beitedyr 80, 130 børsteigle 108 som enhet i naturen 14, 16– belteormer 108 32, 33, 35f, 38, 40f, 43, bendelormer 72 C ——— 46, 51f, 62, 80, 86, 90f, bentisk: som del av benton (ben- Caeciliidae 90, 164 96, 130, 135, 139–41, tos), dvs. i eller på bunnen av Caeciloidei 90 145f, 148f, 152, 159–61, hav eller innsjøer Caelifera 121 162f, 166f, 170, 172 Beroida 66 Caenogastropoda 105 som kategori 159, 162f bestemmelse 166, 167 calamistrum 117 som taxon 62, 80, 86, 91, 96, bevaringsbiologi 129, 145 Calamoichthys 86 161, 162f, 164 bifurcation 28* Calcarea 59, 61, 63 Arthropoda 97, 110, 115, 160f, bikirer 84, 86 Calcarimorpha 61, 63 169, 177 bilateralsymmetri 64 Callorhinchus 83 "Arthrotardigrada" 111 Bilateria 62, 64 Camelidae 92 Articulata (Brachiopoda) 70, 164 biller 122 captaculum 106 "Articulata" (= leddyr + ledd- binomen 163 caput 110 ormer) 71, 100f, 104, 107f, biogenetiske grunnlov, den 52 carapax 115 164 biogeografi 44 "Carcharhiniformes" 83 artropodium 110 bipedi 38, 93 Carinoma 99 artsbegrep 16, 17, 18–32, 154 bipinnaria 78 Casuarius 94 artsdannelse 7, 14, 17, 24, 25– biradialsymmetri 66 Catenulida 71 30, 32, 34–6, 40f, 48, 53, 55, biram 110, 113, 115 Caudacaecilia 90 57f, 141, 143f, 147, 160, Bivalvia 106 Caudata 89 177, 181 bjørnedyr 33, 111, 132 Caudofoveata 100, 102 artsseleksjon 40–2, 177 bladfotinger 115 cellulose 44, 77 artssortering 41, 177 bladlus 121, 141 Cephalochordata 76 "Aschelminthes" 71, 95 blastoporus 65, 69 cephalon 110 "Ascidiacea" 77 blastozooid 77 Cephalopoda 105 Ascon 63 Cephalorhyncha 98 Asteroidea 78 cerci 49, 115, 119f, 122 206 cerebralganglion 75f, 97f, 101 "Condylognatha" 120 Deuterostomia 65, 69, 73f, 97 Cestoda 71 constraint 11, 38 diagnostisk egenskap 167 Cestoidea 72 Copelata 77 "Diapsida" 93, 173 Cetacea 92 Copepoda 115 Diasoma 106 Cetartiodactyla 92 cornea 111 Dibranchiata 105 cetera/ae/i 60, 68, 77f, 113 Coronata 68 Dicondylia 119, 121, 161 Chaetodermomorpha 102 Corvus 20, 163 Dictyoptera 121 Chaetognatha 97 Corydalidae 124 Didelphimorphia 92 Characiformes 86 coxa 113, 117, 119, 123 diencephalon 76 character displacement 146 Craniata 76 digene ikter 20, 72 Chelicerata 112, 161, 168 Craniota 76, 81 Digenea 72 chelicere 112 "Cribellata" 117 dikopatrisk 25 Chelonia 93, 173 cribellum 117 dikotomi 28, 43, 53, 167 chilepungrotte 92 Crocodylia 94, 173, 175 Dimetrodon 169, 172 Chilopoda 114 Crossopterygii 90, 161 "Dinosauria" 171 Chimaeroidea 83 "Crustacea" 115, 161 dipleurula 73 Chitonida 103 Cryptobranchoidea 89 "Diploblastica" 62, 150 Chlamydoselachus 83 Cryptobranchus 89 diploid: med et dobbelt kromo- "Choanata" 84, 87 Cryptodira 93 somsett (f.eks. menneskelige Choanatae 84 "Cryptosyringida" 79 kroppsceller) choanocytt 63 Ctenophora 66 Diplopoda 114 Choanoflagellata 63 Cubozoa 68 Diplura 115, 121 Chondreichthyes 82 Cycliophora 96 Dipneusti 87 "Chondrostei" 84 Cycloganoidea 86 Dipnoi 87 chorda dorsalis 75 Cyclomyaria 77 Diptera 127 Chordata 74 "Cycloneuralia" 97 diskoidal: meroblatisk furing bare chorion 88, 92 "Cyclostomata" (= "Agnatha") i en skive øverst på egget chromatophor 106 77 disparitet 37, 38, 145 Cicadomorpha 121 Cyclostomata (=Stenolaemata) dissepiment 101 Cidaroida 80 70 Ditrysia 125 Cirripedia 115 Cynocephalus 92 diversitet 31, 37, 146, 150 clade 33* Cyrtosoma 104 divertikkel: utposning av et hul- Cladistia 86 cytologi 44 organ, f.eks. tarmen "Cladocera" 115 cytoplasma: cellens substans bort- DNA 8, 10, 13, 21, 54, 68 Clitellata 107f sett fra cellekjernen DNA–DNA-hybrisiering 93 clitellum 108 Dobzhansky, T. 129, 138,139 Clupeiformes 86 D ——— dogmatisme 180 Clupeocephala 85 dagsommerfugler 126 dogme 179, 180, 184 Clypeorrhyncha 121 Darwin, C.R. 6–10, 13f, 148, Doliolida 77 Cnidaria 67 154, 184, 104-106 dolkhaler 112, 134 cnide 67 Dasyuridae 92 dorsal: på ryggsiden Coccidina 121 datering 142, 144, 176 dorsoventral: fra rygg- til buk- cochlea 91 datterart 24, 25, 29f, 32, 34, 40, siden (f.eks. muskler) Coelacanthiformes 90, 161 43, 58, 142, 144, 147, 170 Dromaius 94 "Coelenterata" 62 Decabrachia 106 Dromiciops 92 coelom 65, 88, 97f, 100f, 109 Decapoda 115 drøvtyggere 92 "Coelomata" 65 definisjon 6, 18, 21f, 30–3, 47, duer 94 "Coelomopora" 73 130, 141, 149, 153, 160, Dugong 92 coelotel 65, 70 163, 169f, 179, 184 dvergfotinger 114 Coleoida 105 dekkvinge 122 dynnfisk 84, 86 Coleolepida 126 "Demospongea" 59, 61, 64 døgnfluer 119 Coleoptera 122 Dentaliida 106 "Coleopteroida" 121 dermalskjelett 81 E ——— Coliidae 94 Dermaptera 121 ecdyson 114 Collembola 121, 176 Dermoptera 92 "Ecdysozoa" 71, 97, 101 collocytt 66 Desmomyaria 77 "Echiniscoidea" 111 Coloniales 100 desmosom: celleorganell som Echinodermata 73 Columbidae 94 sørger for kontakt og forbin- Echinoidea 80 columella 87 delse mellom celler Echinozoa 80 Comatulida 74 detritofagi 101, 119, 121, 130 Echiurida 108 Conchifera 100, 103 deuterencephalon 76 "Ecribellata" 117 "Conchostraca" 115 deuterostomi 69 Ectatosticta 117 207 Ectognatha 115, 118f, 161, epitet 163 Filibranchia 106 164, 176 Epitheliozoa 61 filtrerere 104, 130 Ectoprocta 70 epizoisk: om sessile eller hemi- filum terminale 118, 120 edderkoppdyr 112, 131, 133, sessile
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