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Myanmar Information Management Unit Coverage of Early Learning Materials Development in Ethnic Languages State/Region Township Language State/Region Township Language 95° E 100° E Sakaw Karen, West Karen Lewe Asho Chin, Kayan Danubyu Nay Pyi Taw (Pwo) Pyinmana Kayan Dedaye Sakaw Karen Asho Chin, Sumtu Chin, Uppu, Ann Sakaw Karen, West Karen Rakhine Einme (Pwo) Asho Chin, Mro LCC, Rakhine, Buthidaung Sakaw Karen, West Karen Chakma, Mro LCA, Khamee Hinthada (Pwo) Gwa Asho Chin, Rakhine Ingapu Sakaw Karen Asho Chin, Sumtu Chin, Kyaukpyu Puta-O Sakaw Karen, West Karen Rakhine Machanbaw Kangyidaunt 2 (Pwo) Mro LCC, Rakhine, Chakma, 2 Khaunglanhpu Kyauktaw 1 Kyaiklat Sakaw Karen Mro LCA Kyangin Asho Chin, West Karen (Pwo) Maungdaw Rakhine, Chakma, Mro LCA Nanyun Sakaw Karen, West Karen Asho Chin, Laitu, Sumtu Chin, Kyaunggon Minbya 2 (Pwo) Uppu, Rakhine, Chakma Sumprabum Tanai Sakaw Karen, West Karen Rakhine Asho Chin, Laitu, Mro LCC, 1 Tsawlaw Kyonpyaw Mrauk-U 3 (Pwo) Rakhine, Chakma, Khamee Lahe 2 Sakaw Karen, West Karen Munaung Asho Chin, Rakhine 8 KACHIN Labutta INDIA Injangyang (Pwo) Asho Chin, Laitu, Sumtu Chin, Myebon 1 Sakaw Karen, West Karen Rakhine Hkamti Chipwi Lemyethna (Pwo) Pauktaw Mro LCC, Rakhine, Khamee 9 3 Hpakant Ayeyarwady Sakaw Karen, West Karen Mro LCC, Rakhine, Chakma, Mawlamyinegyun Ponnagyun 3 Myitkyina (Pwo) Mro LCA, Khamee Lay Shi Asho Chin, Sakaw Karen, Ramree Asho Chin, Rakhine Mogaung Waingmaw Myanaung 7 West Karen (Pwo) 5 9 Rathedaung Rakhine Sakaw Karen, West Karen N N Sittwe Rakhine, Chakma Myaungmya ° Homalin ° (Pwo) 5 Mohnyin Myitkyina CHINA 5 Thandwe Asho Chin, Rakhine 2 7 4 8 2 Asho Chin, Sakaw Karen, Ngapudaw Toungup Asho Chin, Rakhine West Karen (Pwo) Gonwanponyo Naga, Sakaw Karen, West Karen Momauk Nyaungdon Khiamniungan Naga, Para 6 (Pwo) Naga, Tangshang (Naga), Shwegu Hkamti Indaw Sakaw Karen, West Karen Tangkhul Naga, Lainong, 2 Bhamo Pantanaw Tamu 1 (Pwo) Makuri Naga, Makury Naga, 4 4 Pinlebu Sakaw Karen, West Karen Paung nyuan(naga) Mansi Muse 1 Pathein Para Naga, Taileng Shan, 5 (Pwo) 1 Tangkhul Naga, Makuri Naga, Tonzang Pyapon Sakaw Karen Homalin 2 Namhkan Makury Naga, Goga, Long Phu 1 Kutkai Sakaw Karen, West Karen Thabaung Ri Naga 2 Kunlong (Pwo) Manton Indaw Ta Pong Tedim SAGAING Hseni 2 Wakema West Karen (Pwo) 1 Bualkhua, Huhlngo, Khualsim, 6 1 Hopang Kale Mongmit Yegyi Sakaw Karen Lente Chin, Ngwan Chin, Ta H 2 13 2 Namtu Sakaw Karen, West Karen Kale Pong, Tashon Chin, Tedim, Falam Namhsan Lashio Yawng Lin S Mongmao Zalun 9 Mogoke 1 (Pwo) Zanniat, Zo, Zotung, Lushai, Ye-U 1 4 1 1 E Khin-U 1 Pangwaun Rawngtu 1 Okpho Asho Chin Sagaing 1 Tangyan 1 Khin-U Zotung D Kyaukme Thantlang Hakha 1 Padaung Asho Chin Shwebo 1 Man Man Hseng Gonwanponyo Naga, A 3 Hakha Bago Paukkhaung Asho Chin 1 Hsipaw Mongyai 1 Khiamniungan Naga, Konyak, L 3 Pangsang Pyay Asho Chin 1 1 Pang Hkam Lahe Tangshang (Naga), Lainong, Monywa 2 G CHIN Gangaw 1 Zigon Asho Chin Makuri Naga, Makury Naga, 1 Mandalay City Paung nyuan(naga) N Bualkhua, Falam, Huhlngo, SHAN Mongyang Pyinoolwin Khualsim, Lente Chin, Ngwan Khiamniungan Naga, Para A 1 Falam Matupi Tilin 2 Monghsu Chin, Ta Pong, Tashon Chin, Naga, Tangkhul Naga, Makuri Mongkaing Lay Shi B Mongkhet 10 2 3 Kyethi 1 Zanniat Naga, Makury Naga, Goga, 2 Long Phu Ri Naga Mindat Lawksawk 1 Hakha Hakha, Khualsim, Lautu Paletwa Nanyun Konyak, Tangshang (Naga) 5 MAGWAY 5 Mongyawng Kanpetlet Cho, Daayindu, Dai, Uppu Ywangan 15 Saw Hopong Kunhing Mongping Kengtung 2 Pinlebu Tai-Len Shan 4 Asang (Khongso), Dai, Kaang, Buthidaung 2 2 Loilen 2 2 5 Matupi Lautu, Mara, Matu, Matu Chin, Shwebo Tangshang (Naga) Kanpetlet 6 MANDALAY Pindaya 2 Matupi, Ta-aw, Zotung Tamu Huhlngo, Khualsim, Tedim, Zo Kyauktaw 4 Nansang Monghpyak Maungdaw 4 Taunggyi Cho, Dai, Kaang, Rawngtu, Ye-U Tangshang (Naga) 4 4 2 Mindat 3 Mrauk-U Chin Zotung Hopang Lahu, Wa Kalaw Taunggyi Mongnai Tachileik 6 Anu, Asang (Khongso), Ponnagyun Minbya Sidoktaya 4 3 1 Monghsat 2 Hopong Lahu, Pa_Oh Rathedaung 3 Chakma, Cho, Dai, Hkongso 5 6 2 Pwintbyu Nyaungshwe LAOS Hseni Lahu 1 Chin, Kanise Khumi, Khawng Sittwe 1 4 Hsihseng Paletwa Lahu, Pa_Oh, Kayan, Kayah, Pinlaung Mongton Tu, Khumi Chin, Laitu, Lemi Hsihseng 2 Minbu 5 Taung Yoe N Myebon Magway Mawkmai N (chin), Likhy Chin, Mara, Pauktaw 4 1 ° Ngape 1 3 ° Ta-aw, Uppu Hsipaw Ta Ann/Pa Laung 0 Sittwe 3 4 Ann 0 2 Loikaw 2 4 1 NAY PYI TAW Huhlngo, Ngwan Chin, Siyin Pa_Oh, Ta Ann/Pa Laung, Minhla 6 Tedim Kalaw Pyinmana Pekon Chin, Tedim, Zanniat, Zo Danu, Taung Yoe Sinbaungwe 2 Lewe 1 4 Loikaw Thantlang Hakha, Lautu, Mara Akha, Jinghpaw, Lahu, Zaiwa, 1 Demoso Kengtung RAKHINE 2 Shadaw Tai Khun Thayet 4 Tonzang Tedim, Zo Kyaukpyu Mindon Aunglan 1 1 Hpruso Jinghpaw, Lisu, Tai-Len Shan, Kunhing Lahu, Ta Ann/Pa Laung 3 1 1 Bhamo 4 KAYAH Tai Lone Kunlong Lacid, Lhaovo Ramree Kamma Taungoo Thandaunggyi Bawlake Paukkhaung Chipwi Jinghpaw, Lacid, Lhaovo Kutkai Ta Ann/Pa Laung, Zaiwa 2 Toungup 1 Pyay 2 4 1 1 Munaung 2 1 Oktwin Hpasawng Jinghpaw, Tai-Len Shan, Tai Kyaukme Ta Ann/Pa Laung Htantabin Mese Hpakant 2 Padaung 1 1 Lone Kyethi Lahu 1 1 1 Injangyang Jinghpaw Jinghpaw, Lahu, Lisu, Ta Lashio BAGO Khaunglanhpu Jinghpaw Ann/Pa Laung Thandwe Kyangin Zigon 2 2 Machanbaw Jinghpaw, Tai Kham Ti Kaw Yaw, Pa_Oh, Ta Ann/Pa 1 Okpho Kyauktaga Lawksawk Myanaung Jinghpaw, Lisu, Tai Lone, Tai Laung, Danu, Taung Yoe 1 1 Mansi 3 Nay (Tai Nue) Shan, Zaiwa Loilen Pa_Oh, Taung Yoe Ingapu Man Man Hseng Wa Gwa Daik-U Jinghpaw, Tai Kham Ti, Tai Bay of Bengal 1 2 1 Mogaung Lone, Tai Nay (Tai Nue) Shan, Manton Ta Ann/Pa Laung Lemyethna Hinthada Tai-Len Shan Mawkmai Lahu, Pa_Oh, Kayah 2 Bago 2 Zalun Jinghpaw, Tai Lone, Tai Nay Yegyi Kyonpyaw 1 Mohnyin Monghpyak Akha, Lahu 2 Hlegu (Tai Nue) Shan, Tai-Len Shan 1 Bago Monghsat Akha, Lahu, Wa 2 Danubyu 1 Kachin Thabaung Hmawbi Jinghpaw, Lisu, Tai Lone, Tai Kyaunggon 2 Monghsu Lahu 2 Nyaungd1on THAILAND Momauk Nay (Tai Nue) Shan, Tai-Len Pathein 2 Hpa-An Mongkaing Lahu, Ta Ann/Pa Laung,Wa Pantanaw 2 Insein Shan, Zaiwa Kangyidaunt Mongkhet Akha, Lahu 2 2 3 Paung 2 Einme Yangon City 3 Jinghpaw, Lacid, Lhaovo, Lisu, Myitkyina Tai Lone, Tai Nay (Tai Nue) Mongmao Wa Pathein 2 Wakema Shan Kyaiklat Mawlamyine Kawkareik Shan, Tai-Len Shan, Zaiwa Mongmit Lhaovo, Ta Ann/Pa Laung 1 YANGON 3 Ngapudaw Mawlamyinegyun1 Mawlamyine Puta-O Rawan, Tai Kham Ti Mongnai Lahu 3 Myaungmya Dedaye 1 Kyaikmaraw 2 Shwegu Jinghpaw, Tai Lone Mongping Akha, Lahu 2 1 Chaungzon 3 Pyapon 1 Mudon Sumprabum Jinghpaw Mongton Lahu Labutta 1 1 Jinghpaw, Lisu, Tangshang Mongyai Lahu 2 Tanai KAYIN (Naga) Mongyang Lahu Thanbyuzayat Kyainseikgyi Tsawlaw Jinghpaw, Lhaovo Mongyawng Akha, Lahu AYEYARWADY 2 2 Ye Jinghpaw, Lacid, Lhaovo, Lisu, Muse Ta Ann/Pa Laung Tai Lone, Tai Nay (Tai Nue) 1 Waingmaw Namhkan Ta Ann/Pa Laung Shan, Tai Sar/Maing Tha, Tai- Namhsan Ta Ann/Pa Laung Legend Len Shan, Zaiwa N MON N Namtu Ta Ann/Pa Laung ° ° Bawlake Yintaleh 5 5 Lahu, Pa_Oh, Ta Ann/Pa 1 1 Demoso Gheba, Kayah, Kayan, Kayaw Nansang Union Capital No. of Languages Laung, Taung Yoe Hpasawng Yintaleh Yebyu Pa_Oh, Kayah, Inntha, Taung Gheba, Kaw Yaw, Kayah, Nyaungshwe State/Region Capital 1 - 2 1 Hpruso Yoe Kayah Kayaw Pang Hkam Wa Gheba, Kaw Yaw, Kayah, 3 - 4 Loikaw Pangsang Lahu, Wa Township Boundary Kayan, Kayaw, Taung Yoe Pangwaun Wa Dawei Mese Kayan 5 - 6 Pekon Kayaw, Pa_Oh, Kayan, Kayah State/Region Boundary Shadaw Kayah Pa_Oh, Ta Ann/Pa Laung, Bwe karen, Gheba, Kayan, Pindaya Thandaunggyi Danu, Taung Yoe International Boundary 7 - 8 Kayaw Pa_Oh, Kayan, Kayah, Taung Kayin East Karen (Pwo), Mon, Pinlaung Kawkareik Yoe 9 - 10 Pakanyaw Sakaw Karen Tachileik Akha, Lahu Kyainseikgyi East Karen (Pwo), Mon Tangyan Lahu 11 - 15 Aunglan Asho Chin Taunggyi Jinghpaw, Pa_Oh, Taung Yoe Gangaw Zotung Yawng Lin Wa TANINTHARYI Kamma Asho Chin Map ID: MIMU1435v02 Pa_Oh, Ta Ann/Pa Laung, Minbu Daayindu Ywangan Production Date: 5 August 2019 Danu, Taung Yoe Mindon Asho Chin Paper Size: A3 Bago Ngwan Chin Andaman Sea Minhla Asho Chin, Cho Bokpyin Moken (Salone) Projection/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 Ngape Asho Chin Daik-U Asho Chin Data Source: UNICEF Magway Pwintbyu Uppu Kyunsu Htantabin Kayah Basemap Map: MIMU 1 Saw Cho, Uppu Kawthoung Moken (Salone) Sidoktaya Asho Chin, Uppu Tanintharyi Kyauktaga Asho Chin Place Names: General Administration Department (GAD) and field sources. Place Sinbaungwe Asho Chin Kyunsu Moken (Salone) names on this product are in line with the general cartographic practice to reflect the Thayet Asho Chin Oktwin Asho Chin names of such places as designated by the government concerned. Bokpyin Tilin Cho, Rawngtu Taungoo Kayah, Bwe karen 1 Mogoke Ta Ann/Pa Laung Transliteration by MIMU. Yebyu Mon Pyinoolwin Lahu, Tashon Chin Hlegu Asho Chin This product has been prepared for operational purposes only, to support Chaungzon Mon Hmawbi Ta Pong Mon, Pakanyaw Sakaw Karen, Yangon humanitarian and development activities in Myanmar. Kyaikmaraw Asho Chin, Ta Pong, Tashon East Karen (Pwo) Insein Chin Note that this map may not show all islands of coastal areas due to scale limitations. Kawthoung Mawlamyine Mon 1 0 30 60 120 Km Mon Mudon Mon Copyright © Myanmar Information Management Unit 2019. MIMU products are Mon, Pakanyaw Sakaw Karen, N N Paung ° ° East Karen (Pwo) 0 not for sale and can be used free of charge with attribution. 0 1 Email: [email protected] Website: www.themimu.info 0 20 40 80 Miles 1 Thanbyuzayat Mon, East Karen (Pwo) Ye Mon 95° E 100° E Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations..
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    MYANMAR POLICY BRIEFING | 23 | September 2020 Myanmar: Ethnic Politics and the 2020 General Election KEY POINTS • The 2020 general election is scheduled to take place at a critical moment in Myanmar’s transition from half a century under military rule. The advent of the National League for Democracy to government office in March 2016 was greeted by all the country’s peoples as the opportunity to bring about real change. But since this time, the ethnic peace process has faltered, constitutional reform has not started, and conflict has escalated in several parts of the country, becoming emergencies of grave international concern. • Covid-19 represents a new – and serious – challenge to the conduct of free and fair elections. Postponements cannot be ruled out. But the spread of the pandemic is not expected to have a significant impact on the election outcome as long as it goes ahead within constitutionally-appointed times. The NLD is still widely predicted to win, albeit on reduced scale. Questions, however, will remain about the credibility of the polls during a time of unprecedented restrictions and health crisis. • There are three main reasons to expect NLD victory. Under the country’s complex political system, the mainstream party among the ethnic Bamar majority always win the polls. In the population at large, a victory for the NLD is regarded as the most likely way to prevent a return to military government. The Covid-19 crisis and campaign restrictions hand all the political advantages to the NLD and incumbent authorities. ideas into movement • To improve election performance, ethnic nationality parties are introducing a number of new measures, including “party mergers” and “no-compete” agreements.
  • Flood Inundated Area in Ayeyarwady Region (10 - 24!( August 2012)

    Flood Inundated Area in Ayeyarwady Region (10 - 24!( August 2012)

    Myanmar Information Management Unit Flood Inundated Area in Ayeyarwady Region (10 - 24!( August 2012) 94°30'E 94°40'E 94°50'E 95°E 95°10'E 95°20'E 95°30'E 95°40'E !( 95°50'E 96°E Rakhine Kayin Bago West Ingapu Letpadan Legend Bago East Hinthada Thayarwady !( 17°40'N !( !( 17°40'N Town ® Thayarwady Thonse !( Lemyethna Gwa Yangon .! State Capital !( Lemyethna !( Hinthada Gwa River Okekan Railroad !( 17°30'N Zalun 17°30'N !( Kilometers Zalun Road 05 10 20 Ngathaingchaung Taikkyi Township Boundary !( Ahpyauk !( Yegyi Yegyi State Boundary !( 17°20'N Taikkyi 17°20'N Kyonpyaw !( Coastline !( Kyonpyaw Danubyu Inundated Area !( Danubyu Ocean Hmawbi 17°10'N 17°10'N Thabaung Kyaunggon Description : !( !( Shwethaungyan Heavy rain as part of the monsoon season !( caused flooding in many parts of Myanmar Thabaung Kyaunggon Nyaungdon starting in the beginning of August 2012. !( !( Htantabin Htantabin Nyaungdon !( Flood inundate area can be observed from False Color Composite (Band 721) of 17°N Pantanaw 17°N !( Satellite image (MODIS) from 10-21 August 2012. Flood innundated area can be Pantanaw !( Kangyidaunt observed as Blue to Dark blue color. !( Green color area indicates vegetation. Einme Light grey to Cyan color indicates cloud !( cover. !( !( Pathein Data Sources : Place Name - GAD translated by MIMU 16°50'N 16°50'N Kangyidaunt Boundaries - WFP/MIMU Pathein .! Satellite Image - MODIS (10-24 August 2012) Einme MODIS Rapid Respond Team, http://lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov Maubin Twantay !( Twantay Maubin !( Map ID : MIMU895v01 Wakema Glide Number :FL-2012-000140-MMR 16°40'N 16°40'N Creation Date: 24 August 2012.A3 Projection/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 Myaungmya Wakema !( !( Map produced by the MIMU Myaungmya E-mail : [email protected] Ngapudaw Kyaiklat Kawhmu Website : www.themimu.info Ngapudaw !( !( 94°30'E 94°40'E 94°50'E 95°E 95°10'E 95°20'E 95°30'E 95°40'E 95°50'E 96°E Disclaimer: The names shown and the boundaries used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
  • Hazard Profile of Myanmar: an Introduction 1.1

    Hazard Profile of Myanmar: an Introduction 1.1

    Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ I List of Figures ................................................................................................................ III List of Tables ................................................................................................................. IV Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................... V 1. Hazard Profile of Myanmar: An Introduction 1.1. Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Myanmar Overview ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Development of Hazard Profile of Myanmar : Process ................................................... 2 1.4. Objectives and scope ....................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Structure of ‘Hazard Profile of Myanmar’ Report ........................................................... 3 1.6. Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. Cyclones 2.1. Causes and Characteristics of Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal .......................................... 5 2.2. Frequency and Impact ....................................................................................................
  • An Introduction to Citizenship Card Under Myanmar Citizenship Law

    An Introduction to Citizenship Card Under Myanmar Citizenship Law

    現代社会文化研究 No.38 2007 年 3 月 An Introduction to Citizenship Card under Myanmar Citizenship Law Tun Tun Aung 要 旨 ミャンマー連邦の法制度は、コモン・ロー・法システムに基づいている。ミャンマー連 邦は「ミャンマー市民権法」を国民のために 1982 年に成立させた。その法に基づき、ミャ ンマーは「市民権カード（Citizenship card)」を国民のアイデンティー・カードとして、国 民に発行した。すべてのミャンマー国民は、その法的アイデンティーを証明するために、 自分の「市民権カード」を所持する。「市民権カード」には、その国民のあらゆる個人デー タが明記されている。本稿は、ミャンマーの現行法に従って、その「市民権カード」シス テムとその機能について紹介しようとするものである。 Keywords: Myanmar Citizenship Law, Classification of Citizens, Citizenship Card System Introduction 1. The history of Myanmar Laws on Citizenship 2. The Provisions of Myanmar Citizenship Law 2.1 The classification of Citizens and duties of Citizen 2.1.1 Citizenship 2.1.2 Associate Citizenship 2.1.3 Naturalized Citizenship 3. The Current system of National Scrutiny Card and Details of National Scrutiny Card 4. The Legal effects (enforcements) under Myanmar Citizenship Law. 4.1 Crimes violating by national ID card holders 4.1.1 Crimes against national ID holders especially for Citizen violating under this Law 4.1.2 Crimes against national ID holders especially for associate citizen violating under this Law 4.1.3 Crimes against national ID holders especially for naturalized citizen violating under this Law - 265 - An Introduction to Citizenship Card under Myanmar Citizenship Law ( Tun Tun Aung ) 4.2 Crimes violating to national ID card Conclusion Introduction The Union of Myanmar is geographically situated in Southeast Asia and bordered on the north and northeast by the People's Republic of China, on the east and southeast by the Loa People's Democratic Republic and the Kingdom of Thailand, on the south by the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal and on the west by the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Republic of India.