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BONY

LACTARIIDAE

Lactarius lactarius (Bloch Schneider, 1801)

Synonyms Lactarius delicatulus Valenciennes, 1833

Loc. names : Bukko (Sin); chilanker (Bal) White milkfish (En)

FAO names : En - False trivially

Fr - Péliau chanos Sp - Pagapa

Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 30 cm

Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls, seines and traps

Habitat and biology : Found in various types of habitats, usually in waters shallower than 100 m. Feeds on bottom- living organisms

Interest to : A popular , sold fresh or dried salted. The reported catches from Pakistan totalled 650 t in 1982 (FAO Yearbook of Statistics, 1982)

RACHYCENTRIDAE

Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)

Synonyms : None

Loc. names : Sanghra, Aangh (Sin); Sanglor (Bal) Black kingfish (En)

FAO names : En - Cobia Fr - Mafou Sp - Cobia

Size : Max.: 200 cm; common to 110 cm

Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom trawls, driftnets and floating gillnets Habitat and biology : This is an essentially pelagic , sometimes occurring over shallow coral reefs and off rocky shores; also in estuaries. Feeds on crabs, , fishes and sea snakes. Sexually ripe specimens found in March and April along the Baluchistan . Interest to fisheries : A rather common species, with a very delicate flesh, usually sold fresh, or dry-salted for export to . The catches reported in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range from 606 t (1980) to 1 971 t (1982), with an average of 1 231 t

ECHENEIDIDAE

Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758

dorsal view of head

Synonyms : None showing cephalic disc

Loc. names : Masi (Sin); Li-ching (Bal) (En)

FAO names : En - Live sharksucker

Fr - Rémora commun Sp - Pegatimón

Size : Max.: to more than 75 cm

Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines, but more often captured attached to the body of its host

Habitat and biology : Formed in shallow, coastal waters, often free-swimming but will attach temporarily to a

wide range of host such as , seaturtles and ships. Feeds mainly on food scraps of the host species

Interest to fisheries : Of little commercial interest, but sometimes taken in coastal fisheries along with other species, and sold in local markets - 39 -

BONY FISHES

Trachinotus

Atropus

Decapterus

Caranx Scomberoides

Examples of body shapes

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar, Seem, etc. (Sin); Pattar, Kakkawan, Gishran, Seem, etc. (Bal) FAO names : En - Jacks, trevallies, scads, runners, amberjacks, pompanos, Fr - Carangues, cordonniers, pompanos, comères, castagnolines

Sp - Jureles, pampanos , macarelas , palometones, palometas Size : Some species may exceed 200 cm Fishing gear : They are caught with trawls, purse seines, traps and on line gear Habitat and biology : This family covers a large number of species with rather different habitats and behaviour. Some species are pelagic and schooling, some, especially the juveniles, are found in estuaries and brackish waters, some are oceanic, found far offshore.

Interest to fisheries : This is one of the most important families of commercial fishes, often occurring in large quantities, their flesh being highly appreciated. Marketed mostly fresh. The only carangid fishes identified separately for reported purposes by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83), are species of

Scomberoides , catches of which range from 92 t (1983) to 9 106 t (1979). However, these figures probably also included other carangid species

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BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788)

Synonyms Atlantic : Alectis crinitus ( Mitchill, 1826) or

Blepharis crinitus Mitchill, 1826)

Hawaii: ajax Snyder, 1904

Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Siah-pattar, Ushtar, Banzali (juv.)(Bal) young of 13 cm Thread-finned trivially (En) standard length

FAO names : En - African pompano

Fr - Cordonnier fil Sp - Pampano de hebra

Size : Mar.: (possible) 150 cm total length; com- mon to 100 cm

Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line (adults), with beach seines (juveniles and in trawls)

Habitat and biology : Solitary, found in coastal waters to about 100 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic and drifting. Feeds mainly on slow- swimming or sedentary

Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830) PLATE IV, 22

Synonyms : None young Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Ushtar , Safay-pattar (Bal) Indian threadfinned trevally (En)

FAO names : En - Indian threadfish Fr - Cordonnier plume Sp - Pampano indico

Size : Mar.: 150 cm (total length)

Fishing gear : Taken on hook and line (adults),

in beach seines (juveniles) and in bottom tram Is. An appreciated sportsfish

Habitat and biology : Adults are reported to form large schools, mainly in coastal maters. Juveniles are usually solitary and often enter estuaries. Feeds on fish, small squid and crustaceans

PLATE IV, 23 Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775)

Synonyms : Atule djedaba (Forsskål 1775) djedaba (Forsskål, 1775)

Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Bakoi (Bal)

FAO names . En - scad Fr - Sélar subari Sp - Jurel subari

Size : Max.: 29 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and on hook and line

Habitat and biology : Occurs in coastal maters, around reefs as well as in more turbid areas. Often forming large schools. Feeds on invertebrates (crustaceans and ), the larger specimens also on small fish - 41 -

BONY FISHES

CARANGIDAE Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839

Synonyms Caranx malam (Bleeker, 1851) Alepes malam (Bleeker, 1851) Caranx nigripinnis Day, 1876 Caranx pectoralis Chan, 1968

Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Kakawan pattar (Bal)

FAO names : En - Blackfin scad Fr - Sélar aile noire Sp - Jurel alinegro

Size : Max.: 21 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls and on hook and line

Habitat and biology : Found in inshore waters. Feeds on shrimp, copepods and other small invertebrates

Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833)

Synonyms Caranx macrurus (Bleeker, 1852) Alepes macrurus (Bleeker, 1852) Alepes qlabra Fowler, 1904

Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Kakaan pattar (Bal)

FAO names : En - Herring scad Fr - Sélar harangule Sp - Jurel arenque

Size : Max.: 46 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught in trawls and on hook and line

Habitat and biology : Common in shallow coastal waters. Feeds on , copepodes, decapod crustaceans and small fishes

Atropus atropos (Schneider, 1801)

Synonyms : None

Loc. names : Mori, Pattal (Sin); Pattar (Bal) Kuwehs (En)

FAO names : En -Cleftbelly trevally Fr - Pompano à quille noire Sp - Pampano de quilla

Size : Mar.: 23 cm (fork length); possibly to 30 cm

Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls

Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, often swim- ming near the surface. Feeds on shrimps, copepods, decapod crustaceans and small fishes underside of belly - 42 -

BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE

Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833)

Synonyms Caranx mate Cuvier, 1833

Caranx affinis Rüppell, 1836 Decametres politus (Jenkins, 1904)

Decapterus lundini Jordan Seale, 1906

Decapterus normani Bertin Dollfus, 1948

Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Pattar (Bal) One-finlet scad, King fish (En)

FAO names : En - Yellowtail scad Fr - Selar queue jaune Sp - Jurel rabo amarillo Size : Max.: 28 cm (fork length); common to 26 cm

Fishing gear : Caught in trawls, on hook and line and various types of artisanal gear

Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in shal- low coastal waters to about 50 m depth. Feeds on crustaceans and

Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830)

Synonyms : Caranx caeruleopinnatus Rüppell, 1830

Carangoides altissimus Jordan Seale, 1907

Caranx formosanus Jordan Snyder, 1910

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)

FAO names : En - Coastal trevally Fr - Carangue côtière Sp - Jurel costero

Size : Max.: 36 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and line, in gillnets and traps

Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, but rarely close to the shore; also found in deeper reef areas. A rather sluggish fish

Carangoides chrysophrys ( Cuvier, 1833) PLATE V, 25

Synonyms Caranx chrysophrys Cuvier, 1833

Carangoides chrysophryoides Bleeker, 1851

Caranx typus Gilchrist Thompson, 1917

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal) Dusky trevally (En)

FAO names : En - Longnose trevally Fr - Carangue tapir Sp - Jurel tapir

Size : Max.: 60 cm (total length)

Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, in bottom trawls, with gillnets and traps

Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to about 60 m depth, juveniles in estuaries - 43 -

BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE

Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775) PLATE V, 26

Synonyms Caranx ferdau (Forsskål, 1775) Carangoides hemigymnostethus Bleeker, 1857,

Caranx gilberti Jordan Seale, 1906

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar, Gal-bat (Bal) Ferdaus trevally (Eh)

FAO names : En - Blue trevally Fr - Carangue tachetée Sp - Jurel manchado

Size : Mar.: 70 cm (total length)

Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls, on hook and line, with gillnets and in traps

Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, especially over sandy bottoms, to about 60 m depth. Feeds on , crabs and small fish

Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)

Synonyms : Caranx fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)

Turrum emburyi Whitley, 1932

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Kakawan (Bal)

FAO names : En - Yellowspotted trevally Fr - Carabeue pailletée Sp - Jurel centellante

Size : Max.: 80 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and line and by spearing; also with gillnets and traps

Habitat and biology : Prefers rocky and coral reefs, but occasionally found over offshore banks to about 100 m depth. Feeds mainly on small invertebrates and fishes

Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833)

Synonyms Caranx qymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833)

Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker, 1851

Kakkawan (Bal) Loc. names Bangra, Kakkar (Sin);

FAO names : En - Bludger Fr - Carangue balo Sp - Jurel balo

Size : Max.: about 80 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught with trawls, on hook and line, in gillnets and traps

Habitat and biology ; Adults are solitary in deeper offshore reefs; juveniles form large schools. Feeds on small invertebrates and fishes - 44 -

BONY FISHES

CARANGIDAE

Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch Schneider, 1801) PLATE V, 27

Synonyms Caranx malabaricus (Bloch Schneider, 1801) Carangoides rectipinnis Williams, 1958 Carangoides rhomboides Kotthaus, 1974

Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)

FAO names : En - Malabar trevally Fr - Carangue monique Sp - Jurel malabarico

Size : Max.: about 25 cm (fork length)

Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and line, with gillnets and traps

Habitat and biology : Usually on rocky and coral reefs, but also in shallow, sandy bays. Feeds on crustaceans, small squid and shrimp

Other species of Carangoides

Carangoides bajad (Forsskål, 1775) Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1933) Bangra, Kakkar (Sin) Bumpnose trevally Kakkawan (Bal) Bangra, Kakkar (Sin) size: to 55 cm (TL) Pattar (Bal) PLATE IV, 24 size: to about 30 cm (FL)

Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier, 1833) Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, 1857 Coachwhip trevally Barcheek trevally Bangra, Kakkar (Sin) Bangra, Kakkar (Sin) Pattar (Bal) Kakkawan (Bal) size: to 40 cm (FL) size: to 40 cm (FL) click for next page