Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 2: 1–168; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2009. 1

Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species

Ro n a l d Fr i c k e , Th i e rr y Mu l o c h a u , Pa tr i c k Du r v i l l e , Pa s c a l e Ch a b a n e t , Emm a n u e l Te s s i e r & Yv e s Le t o u r n e u r

Abstract An annotated checklist of the fish species of La Réunion (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 984 species in 164 families (including 16 species which are not native). 65 species (plus 16 introduced) occur in fresh- water, with the Gobiidae as the largest freshwater fish family. 165 species (plus 16 introduced) live in transitional waters. In marine habitats, 965 species (plus two introduced) are found, with the Labridae, Serranidae and Gobiidae being the largest families; 56.7 % of these species live in shallow coral reefs, 33.7 % inside the fringing reef, 28.0 % in shallow rocky reefs, 16.8 % on sand bottoms, 14.0 % in deep reefs, 11.9 % on the reef flat, and 11.1 % in estuaries. 63 species are first records for Réunion. Zoogeographically, 65 % of the fish fauna have a widespread Indo-Pacific distribution, while only 2.6 % are Mascarene endemics, and 0.7 % Réunion endemics. The classification of the following species is changed in the present paper: Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) [pre- viously A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [previously M. brachyurus millepunctatus]; Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [previously E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) [previously Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) [previously Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrun- neus (Smith, 1960) [previously S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889)]. Due to rapid economic and agricultural development and population growth during the past centuries and de- cades, the native fish fauna of Réunion is now highly threatened and needs urgent political action to ensure its conservation. The marine fish species of Réunion are threatened by eutrophication/pollution, by overfishing and poaching, by marine aquaculture, and by construction along the shore; additional regional threats include long- ranging marine eutrophication and pollution, destruction of coastal areas, marine acidification, and global warm- ing. Freshwater habitats are threatened by eutrophication and pollution, by the construction of dams, weirs and barrages, water abstraction for irrigation, gravel extraction from river beds, some special fisheries techniques (like ‘bichique’ fishing, including strong seasonal poaching pressure), introduction of exotic species, and aquaculture. Out of a total of 968 native fish species of Réunion, 374 species (39.2 %) are on the Red List, with 18 species regionally extinct (1.9 %), 27 species critically endangered (2.8 %), 115 species endangered (11.9 %), 160 species vulnerable (16.6 %), 32 species near threatened (3.3 %), and 26 species threatened migrants (2.7 %). An additional 575 species are data deficient (59.4 %). 16 species have been introduced and are thus not native; they were not evaluated for the Red List. Only the remaining 10 species in Réunion are not threatened. In addition to the Red List, a list of taxa proposed for the Annexes II, IV and/or V of the EU Habitats Directive is presented. A set of measures for the conservation of the Réunion fish fauna is proposed. K e y w o r d s : Checklist, Red List, threatened and declining species, Pisces, marine, freshwater, transitional waters, new records, Réunion, southwestern Indian Ocean, IUCN criteria, EU Habitats Directive, EU Water Frame- work Directive.

Zusammenfassung Die Checkliste der Fische von Réunion (südwestlicher Indischer Ozean) enthält 984 Arten in 164 Familien (ein- schließlich 16 nicht einheimischen Arten). 65 Arten (sowie 16 eingeführte) leben im Süßwasser, mit den Gobiidae als artenreichster Süßwasserfischfamilie. 165 Arten (sowie 16 eingeführte) leben in Übergangsgewässern (Brack- wasser). Im Meer werden 965 Arten (sowie eine eingeführte) gefunden, mit den Labridae, Serranidae und Gobiidae als artenreichste Familien. 56,7 % dieser Arten leben in seichten Korallenriffen, 33,7 % innerhalb des Saumriffes, 28,0 % in seichten Felsriffen, 16,8 % auf Sandböden, 14,0 % in tiefen Riffen, 11,9 % auf der Riffplattform, und 11,1 % in Ästuaren. 63 Arten werden zum ersten Mal in Réunion gefunden. Zoogeographisch haben 65 % der Fisch­ arten eine großräumige indo-pazifische Verbreitung, während nur 2,6 % endemisch bei den Maskarenen und 0,7 % endemisch in Réunion sind. Die Klassifikation der folgenden Arten wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit geändert: Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) [bisher A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [bisher M. brachyurus millepuncta- tus]; Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [bisher E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) [bisher Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) [bisher Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith, 1960) [bisher S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889)]. Durch die schnelle ökonomische und landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung und das starke Bevölkerungswachstum in Réunion während der letzten Jahrhunderte und Jahrzehnte ist die Fischfauna inzwischen stark gefährdet und benötigt dringend politische Maßnahmen, um erhalten zu bleiben. Die marine Fischfauna wird durch Verschmut- 2 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

zung und Eutrophierung aus einfließenden Flüssen und Küstenstädten gefährdet, sowie durch Überfischung und Fisch­wilderei, marine Aquakultur (Verschmutzung, Eutrophierung und entwichenes Fischmaterial), Baumaßnah- men entlang der Küste (Hotels und Erweiterung der Küstenstädte sowie Bau von Küstenstraßen), marine Wasser- versauerung und globale Erwärmung. Auch im Süßwasser sind die meisten Flüsse in ihren Unterläufen eutrophiert und verschmutzt. Weitere Gefährdungsursachen bestehen im Bau von Wehren und Staudämmen, in Wasserent- nahme zur Bewässerung von Feldern, Kiesentnahme, Fischerei und Fischwilderei, Einführen gebietsfremder Arten und Süßwasser-Aquakultur. Von 968 einheimischen Fischarten von Réunion stehen 378 auf der Roten Liste (39,2 %), mit 18 regional aus- gestorbenen Arten (1,9 %), 27 vom Aussterben bedrohten (2,8 %), 115 stark gefährdeten (11,9 %), 160 gefährdeten (16,6 %), 32 potenziell gefährdeten Arten (3,3 %) und 26 gefährdeten Wanderfischen (2,7 %). Bei weiteren 575 Arten ist die Datenlage unklar (59,4 %); 16 Arten sind nicht heimisch. Nur die übrigen 10 Arten werden derzeit als nicht gefährdet betrachtet. Zusätzlich zur Roten Liste wird eine Liste von Taxa zur Erweiterung der Annexe II, IV und V der EU-FFH-Richtlinie vorgeschlagen. Ebenso werden allgemeine Empfehlungen zum Schutz der Fischfau- na von Réunion gegeben.

Contents 1 Introduction ...... 2 2 Methods and Materials...... 4 3 Annotated checklist and Red List of fish species of Réunion...... 8 4 The fish fauna of Réunion and its endemism ...... 124 5 Conservation...... 125 6 References ...... 129 7 Index...... 137

1 Introduction (1801–1810). After a French-British war in the Indian Ocean (1800–1810), Isle-de-France and Rodrigues (the La Réunion, is the westernmost island of the Mas- former now named Mauritius) were given to Britain in carenes, situated approximately 800 km east of Madagas- 1814 (as a result of the Vienna Congress, 1814/1815, ending car; other Mascarene islands are Mauritius (150 km ENE the Napoleonic wars), while the Île Bonaparte remained of Réunion), and Rodrigues (600 km ENE of Mauritius). French (again named ‘Réunion’ since 1848). The latter Réunion (Fig. 1) is a relatively young island with two high became a French overseas department (Département volcanic mountain ranges (the southeastern range bearing d’outre mer) in 1946, and is since 2003 a French overseas an active volcano), raising to an altitude of 3070 m, and region (Région d’outre mer), as an integral part of the Eu- covering a total area of 2512 km2. Except for a few narrow ropean Union. fringing coral reefs in the west and southwest, nowhere Since the late 18th century, fish specimens collected in further than 500 m from the shore, most shores are either Réunion and Mauritius went to Paris. They were mainly rocky or covered with gravel, often exposed to high surf. collected by P. Co mm e r s o n (1768–1773), J.-B. L. T. Le s ­ As the island is basically a large volcano situated on a c h e n a u l t d e l a To u r (1818), L. A. G. Bo s c (1826), T. De l ­ submarine hotspot, the island slopes are steeply descend- i s l e (1829), J. De s j a r d i n s (1834–1840), and J.-J. Du s s u m i e r ing into the deep sea. (1830–1835); biographies see Wh i t e h e a d & Ba u c h o t Arab sailors formerly called the island Adna Al (1985: 53–64) and Ba u c h o t et al. (1990: 53–136). In Paris, Maghribain (“Western Island”). The first Europeans to the material was principally studied by La c e p è d e , Cu v i e r explore the Mascarenes were Portuguese in July 1500 and Valenciennes . Many species were described in the (Di o g o Di a s ); the group was named after Don Pe d r o Ma s ­ five volumes of the Histoire Naturelle des Poissons by c a r e n h a s , another Portuguese explorer who visited the La c e p è d e (1798–1803), and later in the 22 volumes under islands in 1512–1516. The Portuguese found the island the same title by Cu v i e r & Valenciennes between 1828 uninhabited, and named it Santa Apollonia, after Saint and 1850. Prior to 1850, the Mascarenes (besides South Apollonia. The island was then occupied by France, and Africa) were the area ichthyologically known best in the later administered from Port Louis, Mauritius. Although Indian Ocean. The first attempt to publish a checklist of the French flag was hoisted by Fr a n ç o i s Ca u c h e in 1638, the fishes known from the islands was that of Gu i c h e n o t Santa Apollonia was officially claimed by Ja c q u e s Pr o n i s (1863) who recorded 326 nominal species from Réunion. of France in 1642, when he deported a dozen French muti- In their checklist of the fishes of Zanzibar, Pl a y f a i r & neers to the island from Madagascar. The convicts were Gü n t h e r (1867) listed 103 nominal species from Réunion. returned to France several years later, and in 1649, the is- Bl e e k e r (1874) refers to 361 nominal species of fishes land was named Île Bourbon after the royal house. The from Réunion (including five new species); however, island’s name was changed into Île de la Réunion in 1793, Bl e e k e r used many synonyms, and his list contained dou- after the French Revolution, and then again to Île Bonaparte ble, triple and quatruple references to single species. Sa u ­ fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 3

Figs. 1–2. Study area. – 1. La Réunion, indicating rivers and streams, as well as the coral reef (dotted line). 2. Extent of the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) of La Réunion (based on Anonymus 2006b). 4 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 v a g e (1891), in his natural history of the fishes of Mada- French national legislation, the EU Habitats Directive and gascar, recorded 87 nominal species of fishes from the EU Water Framework Directive. Réunion. Since the 1950s, many groups of Indo-Pacific fishes Acknowledgements have been revised. As a result, we know that earlier lists Many colleagues have contributed in various ways to im- prove this checklist. We would especially like to thank the fol- included numerous misidentifications of species. There lowing individuals for sending specimens on loan, providing are also several duplications of names due to the older au- information or identifications, or giving permission to examine thors not knowing that males and females of some fishes specimens in their care: O. Cr i mm e n , J. Ma c l a i n e , N. Me rr e tt have very different colour phases, and that some juveniles (BMNH); J. E. Ra n d a l l , A. Y. Su z u m o t o (BPBM); M. Ta q u e t may be strikingly different in colour from adults. Sexual (IFREMER, Le Port, Réunion); C. Co n a n d (LEMUR; now re- tired); S. Ri b e s (MHNRUN); M.-L. Ba u c h o t , M. De s o u tt e r , G. dichromatism is particularly common among the wrasses Du h a m e l , J.-C. Hu r e a u (MNHN); B. B. Co l l e tt e (National (Labridae) and the parrotfishes (Scaridae). Marine Fisheries Service, USNM, Washington DC); R. Ga­ Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958) reported on a collection of j e e l e e (NHMI); B. He r z i g (NMW); K. Mu rp h y , D. G. Sm i t h , fishes from Réunion (71 nominal species), which was re- V. G. Spr i n g e r , J. T. Wi l l i a m s (USNM); P. R. Mø l l e r , J. G. Ni e l s e n (ZMUC). M. Pa rm e n t i e r (Réunion) gave information discovered by the first author of the present monograph in on personal observations. G. Ma r q u e t (Réunion) provided an the collection of the MNHN in 1998. Gu é z é & Fo u r ­ unpublished checklist of the freshwater fishes of Réunion. We m a n o i r (1960) and Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a, 1961b, are grateful to B. B. Co l l e tt e (USNM), P. C. He e m s tr a ­(SAIAB), 1962a, 1962b, 1963) compiled a catalogue of 226 nominal, T. McCl a n a h a n (Wildlife Conservation Society, New York Aquarium, New York, USA) and R. Wi n t e r b o tt o m (Royal On- mainly commercially used fish species from Réunion. tario Museum, Toronto, Canada) for comments on the manu- Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976) listed 258 nominal species of script. fishes from Réunion. Fr i c k e (1999) presented an annotat- We thank S. Pe tr i (Librarian, SMNS), who supported this ed checklist of the fishes of the Mascarenes, recording 868 study over the years facilitating numerous inter-library loans of scientific literature. W. Ow a d a l l y (Chairman, Royal Society of species from Réunion (including 132 new records), with a Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, M. S. I. R. I., Le Réduit, Mauri- total Mascarene ichthyofauna of 1123 species. He also tius) provided access to historical Mauritian literature in his discussed the zoogeography of the Mascarenes. Ke i t h et care. Numerous people assisted in the field or made collecting al. (1999) revised the freshwater fish fauna of Réunion and permits possible. In special appreciation of the latter, the first author would like to mention E. d e Ch a v a n e s (Directeur, Direc- distinguished 22 native and five introduced species. Le­ toire Régionale et Départementale des Affaires Maritimes, t o u r n e u r et al. (2004) published an updated checklist of Saint-Denis, Réunion). the marine fishes of La Réunion with 28 new records, in- The first author is grateful to the German Research Council cluding 885 species, and provided an ecological charac- (DFG) for financial support of research trips to the Mascarenes terisation of the fish species. During an eruption of the in 1995 and 1998/1999. The authors and the editor of the journal are grateful to J. E. Piton de la Fournaise volcano in April 2007, 34 additional Ra n d a l l (Hawai’i) for providing a photo of Acanthurus polyzo- species were recorded from the island, including unde- na as the cover picture for this volume. scribed species (Du r v i l l e et al. submitted). The most recent checklists of the other Mascarene is- lands are by Fr i c k e (1999) for Mauritius (992 species) and 2 Methods and Materials Rodrigues (254 species), and by He e m s tr a et al. (2004) for Rodrigues (493 species). The relatively low Rodrigues fish All species known to occur naturally in La Réunion are listed in the present paper. Introduced species which are not au- species number is partly due to less collecting effort com- tochthonous to La Réunion are also listed, but are not evaluated pared with Mauritius and Réunion, but also due to the re- for the Red List. The previous checklists of Fr i c k e (1999) and mote and isolated position of this island. Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004) are taken as a baseline; the taxonomy, Several museums hold important collections of fishes however, was updated, and additional records were added. Re- from Réunion. The largest collections are housed at the cords from Réunion are based on species names; a first record means that a species is recorded for the first time under this MNHN (Paris), SMNS (Stuttgart), MHNRUN (Saint- name, even if it was misidentified before. The taxonomic clas- Denis), LEMUR (Saint-Denis), and BPBM (Honolulu). sification mainly follows Es c h m e y e r & Fr i c k e (2008); if not, the Approximately 75 % of the species recorded in the present source of the classification is given as a remark. Most of the paper are based on specimens in collections, including English names follow Fr o e s e & Pa u l y (2008). The checklist and Red List of the fishes of Réunion covers material collected by the authors; the remaining species the whole area of Réunion including the Exclusive Economic are either based on visual records, published revisions, or Zone (EEZ) (Fig. 2). All species known from this area are listed, (in a few cases) historical checklists. including deep sea species, pelagic offshore species, and intro- The present paper provides an updated list of all fish duced species. The native ichthyofauna of La Réunion is here defined as including all species naturally occurring in the area; species occurring in Réunion, their distribution, habitats, if a species was introduced by human activities, this is indicated threat and decline status to form a basis for future conser- in the list. Specimens which could not be identified to the spe- vation in the context of La Réunion regional legislation, cies level are not included in the checklist, unless they are the fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 5 only representatives of their family. Species are grouped under Red list categories were used as published by IUCN (Anony- their family names; families are presented in taxonomical order mus 2001, 2003, 2005). The present red list is using the catego- following Ne l s o n (2006), species within a family in alphabetical ries EX (extinct) and EW (extinct in the wild; both not relevant order. An asterisk notes a species endemic to Réunion. Taxo- for this paper), RE (regionally extinct), CR (critically endan- nomic comments are provided as appropriate, including syn- gered), EN (endangered), VU (vulnerable), NT (near threat- onyms that were used for the species in Réunion. Subspecies are ened), LC (least concern), DD (data deficient) and NE (not eval- no longer recognised in the present paper; former subspecific uated); the latter three categories are not considered in Red List taxa are either considered as valid species or synonymised, in evaluations. For marine fishes with large distribution ranges, the order to fulfil the needs of conservation as subspecific names additional category TM (threatened migrants) is used, which is have previously caused much confusion. In the ‘Distribution’ defined as a species that would fall under the categories EN or section, the distribution of each species around the islands of the CR but occurs in the area only as a straggler, and where the main southwestern Indian Ocean is indicated, starting with the Mas- threat may occur outside the area. Some threatened migrants carenes, then listing Madagascar and the Comores, followed by have extremely wide distribution ranges and are stragglers other islands in a clockwise order towards Cargados Carajos. If throughout their ranges. a species occurs only occasionally in the area as a migrant or has For prioritising species that need urgent action, the ‘Conser- been introduced, this is indicated as well. The main habitat(s) are vation Cube’ model used by OSPAR (Anonymus 2000a) and indicated for each species, including a depth range for marine HELCOM (Fr i c k e 2007) is applied in the present paper. Threats species. It is also stated if a species occurs in freshwater, transi- to the fish species are assessed; they fall into the categories tional water, and/or marine water, which is of special relevance listed and explained in Tab. 1. for the application of the EU Water Framework Directive The use of the terms ‘global importance’ and ‘local impor- (Anonymus 2000b) under which freshwater and transitional wa- tance’ follows OSPAR (Anonymus 2000a) and HELCOM ter fish species are to be regularly monitored. Finally, the geo- ­( Fr i c k e 2007); the terms are defined in Tab. 2. ‘Rarity’ and ‘sen- graphic distribution of the species outside the southwestern In- sitivity’ are defined in Tab. 3. A ‘keystone species’ is defined as dian Ocean, habitat and depth are given, based on various sourc- a species which has a controlling influence on a community, fol- es, including revisions, checklists and own observations. lowing Anonymus (2000a: 10, Appendix 5). For example, mem- Habitats of the species are also given; in the case of shallow bers of the family Istiophoridae are here classified as keystone fringing coral reefs, species occurring on the reef flat, in the la- species as their presence has a controlling influence on the goon and in tidal pools are also separately recorded. population of Remora brachyptera, and on several specialised

Tab. 1. Main threats for threatened and declining species of fishes in Réunion, ordered by importance of the criteria.

Threat Description Definition abbreviation FIT Fishery (target species) A species that is commercially exploited as a target species. FIB Fishery (bycatch) A species that is not regularly commercially exploited, but frequently caught as bycatch in fisheries. HAB Habitat loss A species that is threatened by a loss of its habitat (silted sand bottoms due to eutrophication, disappearing seagrass beds, coral reef degradation, etc.). EUT Eutrophication/pollution A species that is threatened by effects of eutrophication (nutrient-rich water, oxygen deficiency, etc.), or various effects of organic or inorganic pollution, such as oil spills, various chemicals, hormones etc. CON Construction/weirs/dams in A migratory species that is threatened inland by construction measures in rivers and rivers and streams streams, e. g. weirs, dams. AQU Aquaculture/introduction A species that is threatened by aquaculture or introduction (change of genetics; competition by introduced species). PRL Prey loss A species that is threatened by the loss of the main prey species. PAR Parasites A species that is threatened by health problems due to parasites. HOS Loss of host species A species that is threatened by the loss of the main host species.

Tab. 2. Definitions of localnesss (global and local importance) and guidance on selection criteria.

Criterion Definition and Guidance Global Global importance of the Réunion population(s) for a species. Importance on a global scale, of Réunion, for the importance species is when a high proportion of a species at any time of the life cycle occurs in Réunion. – ‘High proportion’ is considered to be more than 75 % (of the world populations), when known. Local Importance within Réunion, of the regions for the species where a high proportion of the total population of a importance species within Réunion for any part of its life cycle is restricted to a small number of locations in Réunion. – ‘High proportion’ is considered to be 90 % of the population in a small number of locations of 50 km × 50 km grid squares. This is dependent on scientific judgement regarding natural abundance, range or extent and adequacy of recording. A different scale may be needed for different taxa. 6 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Tab. 3. Definitions of rarity and sensitivity and guidance on selection criteria.

Rarity criterion Definition and Guidance Rare A species is rare if the total population is small. In case of a species that is sessile or of restricted mobility at any time of its life cycle, a species is rare if it occurs in a limited number of locations in Réunion, and in relatively low numbers. In case of a highly mobile species, the total population size will determine rarity. – ‘A limited number of locations’ could be in a small number of 50 km × 50 km grid squares, but a different scale may be needed for different taxa. This is dependent on scientific judgement regarding natural abundance, range or extent and adequacy of recording.

Sensitivity criteria Definition and Guidance Very sensitive A ‘very sensitive’ species is one if very easily adversely affected by a human activity, and/or if affected is species expected only to recover over a very long period, or not at all. – A ‘very long period’ may be considered to be more than 25 years. Sensitivity to human activities is measured by (a) life history characteristics; (b) dependence on other specific ecological attributes e. g. restricted/specific habitat requirements Sensitive species A ‘sensitive’ species is one if easily adversely affected by a human activity, and/or if affected is expected to recover in a long period. – A ‘long period’ may be considered to be in the range of 5 to 25 years. Sensitivity as above.

Tab. 4. Guidance on decline as a selection criterion for species.

Criterion Guidance Extirpated A population of a species formerly occurring in aquatic habitats is defined as extirpated (= Extinct) ● if it was still occurring in the area at any time during the last 100 years. ● and if there is a high probability, or it has been proved, that the last individuals have since died or moved away ● or if surveys in the area have repeatedly failed to record a living individual in its former range and/or known or expected habitats at appropriate times (taking into account diurnal, seasonal, annual patterns of behaviour) for at least 10 years. Severe decline A population of species occurring in aquatic habitats is defined as severely declined ● if individual numbers show an extremely high and rapid decline in the area over an appropriate time frame, or the species has already disappeared from the major part of its former range in the area ● or if individual numbers are at a severely low level due to a long continuous and distinct general decline in the past. Significant Means a considerable decline in number, extent or quality beyond the natural variability and in an appropriate decline frame for that species Regional Significant decline in two or more Réunion regions, but not in its whole distribution range within Réunion. significant decline Probable decline High probability of a significant decline in number, extent or quality in the future.

Tab. 5. Application of the ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of priority species. – Step 2. Species grouped on decline into high (H), medium (M) and low (L) priorities (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).

Stable Probable Regional Significant Severe decline Extinct Not known population decline significant decline decline GREEN L M L L H H L AMBER M M H H H H M RED H H H H H H H parasite species. In another example, the deep demersal species pendix 1). Decline here means an observed or indicated signifi- Neoscopelus macrolepidotus was classified as a keystone spe- cant decline in numbers, extent or quality (quality refers to life cies as this common species is a major food item for deep dem- history parameters). The decline may be historic, recent or cur- ersal predators, controlling their populations. rent. ‘Significant’ need not be in a statistical sense. Decline pa- An important selection criterion for species that is used to rameters are listed in Tab. 4. If population data of a species are finally classify priorities is decline (Anonymus 2000a: 2, Ap- inadequate, but the species is restricted to a certain habitat with fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 7

Fig. 3. Application scheme for ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of species. – Species are first grouped on localness (see Tab. 2), rarity and sensitivity (see Tab. 3) (considering keystone species) into red, amber and green lists (see Fig. 4); they are then grouped on decline into high, medium and low priorities (see Tab. 5) (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).

Fig. 4. Application of the ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of priority species. – Step 1. Grouping of species on local- ness, rarity and sensitivity (considering keystone species) into red, amber and green lists. Red is represented by dark grey shaded cubes, amber by light grey shaded cubes, green by white cubes (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).

good available decline data, then the decline of the species is Out of the high priority species, a selection is proposed as estimated from the habitat decline. candidate species for the Annexes II, IV and/or V of the EU The prioritisation procedure follows the scheme used by Habitats Directive (Anonymus 1992). OSPAR and HELCOM (cited above). Beginning with a list of all species, the selection criteria ‘localness’, ‘rarity’ and ‘sensitivi- ty’ are used together to establish whether a species should be considered to be on a ‘red’, ‘amber’ or ‘green’ list (Figs. 3–4, Abbreviations Tab. 5). Where a species is considered to be a ‘keystone species’ EU European Union (http://europa.eu/) then the probability of being red listed is increased. The criteria FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United decline is then used as the final selector to establish whether a Nations (http://www.fao.org/) species is listed as a low, medium or high priority for conserva- HELCOM Helsinki Commission (Baltic Sea Environment tion action. The criterion ‘sensitivity to human impacts’ is used Protection Commission) (http://www.helcom. to inform what conservation action may be appropriate (in effect fi/) ‘ranking’ species on the list). Finally, those species which are of IUCN The World Conservation Union (http://www.iucn. ‘global importance’ are ‘starred’ in a similar fashion to habitats org/) and species listed in the EU Habitats Directive. Testing the cri- OSPAR OSPAR (Oslo-Paris) Commission for the Protec- teria will help to refine the priorities used in the decline table, tion of the Marine Environment of the North- resulting in low, medium or high priorities. East Atlantic (http://www.ospar.org/) 8 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Repositories L a m n i d a e – Mackerel sharks BMNH The Natural History Museum [formerly: British Museum (Natural History)], London, UK Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) – Great white shark; BPBM Bishop Museum [formerly: Bernice P. Bishop Mu- Grand requin blanc seum], Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 14–15). LEMUR Laboratoire d’Écologie Marine, Université de La Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France rine. Found near coral or rocky reefs, or pelagic, also enter- MHNG Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzer- ing estuaries, at depths of 0–1280 m. Outside the area, land worldwide in warm temperate seas. MHNRUN Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Saint-Denis, La Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Réunion, France FIT, FIB, PRL. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conser- France vation action. Listed on Appendix II of the Bern Convention NHMI Natural History Museum and Institute, Port Louis, (Anonymus 1979); CITES Appendix III, since 28 May 2003; Mauritius CMS Appendices I and II (Anonymus 2004). Proposed for NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, as a priori- NSMT National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan tary species. RMNH Naturalis – Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum [formerly: Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His- Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 – Shortfin mako; torie], Leiden, Netherlands Taupe bleu SAIAB South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984b: National Research Foundation, Grahamstown 2 unnumbered pp.). [formerly: Rhodes University, J. L. B. Smith In- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found near stitute of Ichthyology], South Africa coral or rocky reefs, or pelagic, at depths of 0–750 m, usually SMF Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Sencken- in the upper 150 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical berg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany and temperate seas. SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Germany FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. USNM Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Nat- Low priority for conservation action. ural History, Washington DC, USA ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark T r i a k i d a e – Smooth-hound sharks

3 Annotated checklist and Red List of the fish species Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 – Hard-nosed smooth-hound; Émissole d’Arabie of Réunion Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, 200 m A l o p i i d a e – Thresher sharks depth, 2006 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, at Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) – Bigeye thresher; Renard à depths of 20–250 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and gros yeux South Africa east to Sri Lanka. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 15–16). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- depths of 0–500 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. and temperate seas. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, PRL. Sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on C a r c h a r h i n i d a e – Requiem sharks Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994). Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) – Silvertip shark; Requin pointe blanche Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Thintail thresher; Loup Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. de mer (Réunion), faux (France) (2004: 204). Taxonomic decision of Ra n d a l l (2005: 9). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- as A. vulpes; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 16), based chelles. Marine species. Found inshore and offshore, mainly on MHNRUN material. associated with coral reefs, at depths of 0–150 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Panama, north to rine. Pelagic, at depths of 0–550 m. Outside the area, world- southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern wide in tropical and temperate seas. Australia, New Caledonia and Tuamotu Archipelago. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Listed as vulnera- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, ble by IUCN (Fo w l e r 2006). Threats: FIB, PRL. Sensitive to PRL. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- human activities. Severe decline. Low priority for conserva- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. tion action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to 1994). avoid ciguatera poisoning. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 9

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) – Grey reef shark; Carcharhinus limbatus (Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1839) Requin dagsit – Blacktip shark; Requin bordé Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 18, 2 unnumbered pp). 21–22) under the names C. amblyrhynchos and C. wheeleri Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Garrick, 1982, based on MNHN material. Taxonomic deci- ter and marine. Found inshore and offshore, off river mouths sion of Ra n d a l l (2005: 9). and estuaries, muddy bays, mangrove swamps, lagoons, and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- coral reef drop-offs, bottom associated or pelagic, at depths rine species. Found on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near of 0–64 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm drop-offs to the open sea, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to temperate seas. areas of strong currents, as well as over deeper rocky reefs, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. at depths of 1–275 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Africa east to Marquesas and Easter islands, north to South decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from China Sea and Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe and commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- Norfolk islands. 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. tera poisoning. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) – Oceanic whitetip commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- shark; Requin à aileron blanc (Réunion), Requin océanique 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ (France) tera poisoning. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller & Henle, 1839) – Spinner Found in deep water but sometimes comes close to shore, at shark; Requin tisserand depths of 0–180 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: seas. 2 unnumbered pp). Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant rine species. Found associated with reefs, on continental and decline. High priority for conservation action. insular shelves from close inshore to offshore, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, in tropical and warm temperate Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Black- waters of the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific. tip reef shark; Requin à pointes noires Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 20). Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- shallow water close inshore on coral reefs and on reef flats, 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ near reef drop-offs and close offshore, also in mangrove tera poisoning. ­areas and in freshwater of estuaries and lower reaches of riv- ers, at depths of 0–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle [ex Bibron], 1839) – South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Silky shark; Requin soyeux north to Taiwan, south to Queensland/Australia and New Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens col- Caledonia. lected by local fishermen 20 miles west of Réunion, in 2005 Conservation. Regionally extinct in Réunion (RE); not seen since 1995 (Le t o u r n e u r et al. 2004: 207). Threats: FIT, FIB, (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u ). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- PRL. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. dabra. Marine species. Pelagic or near rocky or coral reefs, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. at depths of 18–500 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropi- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to cal oceans. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. avoid ciguatera poisoning. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) – Sandbar shark; Requin gris Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle [ex Valenciennes], 1839) 2 unnumbered pp). – Bull shark; Requin bouledogue Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Walters Shoal. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on visual census Transitional water and marine. Found inshore and offshore, in collaboration with local fishermen, in Saint-Paul Bay, at on continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, 50 m depth, in 2005 (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u , E. Te s s i e r ). in bays, river mouths and in harbours, at depths of 0–280 m. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Fresh water, Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate transitional water, and marine. In coastal waters, estuaries waters. and lower reaches of rivers. Outside the area, worldwide in Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. tropical oceans. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for con- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, servation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anony- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. mus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. 10 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Carcharhinus sorrah (Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1839) – Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Spottail shark; Requin tacheté chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoons and seaward reefs Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: where it is often resting in caves or under coral ledges during 2 unnumbered pp). the day, or on a sand patch, or in a channel. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to rine species. Found near reefs, sometimes offshore, at depths Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New South Wales/ of 0–140 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Af- Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. rica east to Solomon Islands and northern Vanuatu, north to Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. Taiwan, south to New South Wales/Australia and New Cale- Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant donia. decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ Significant decline. Medium priority for conservation ac- tera poisoning. tion. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. S p h y r n i d a e – Hammerhead sharks Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & LeSueur in LeSueur, 1822) – Tiger Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) – Great hammerhead shark; shark; Requin tigre Grand requin-marteau Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984d: 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 22), 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 24– based on MNHN material. 25), based on MHNRUN material. A record from Réunion Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- by Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204, underwater observations chelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water and photos) was based on a second species of Sphyrna, either and marine. Found in river estuaries, off wharves and jetties S. lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) or S. zygaena (Linnaeus, in harbours, and in coral lagoons, at depths of 0–140 m. Out- 1758). side the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. seas. Pelagic, semi-oceanic, found close inshore and well off- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, shore, including reef passes and lagoons, at depths of FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 1–300 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. temperate seas. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. avoid ciguatera poisoning. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839 – Sliteye shark; Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Requin sagrin avoid ciguatera poisoning. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at 100 m depth, in 2006 (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u ). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- D a l a t i i d a e – Sleeper sharks rine species. Demersal, at depths of 7–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea, Centroscymnus crepidater (Barbosa Bocage & Brito Capello, north to southern Japan, south to northern New South Wales/ 1864) – Longnose velvet dogfish; Pailona à long nez Australia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 25), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, based on MNHN and MHNRUN material. FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra. Marine species. Bathydemersal able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. on the slope, at depths of 230–1500 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) – Blue shark; Requin bleu Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 23), priority for conservation action. based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Pygmy chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic but may be found shark; Squale pygmée close inshore, at depths of 1–350 m. Outside the area, world- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984e: wide in tropical and temperate waters. 90–91); previously listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 68), under the Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: name E. Labordii. FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Epi-, meso-, Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. and bathypelagic, migrating vertically, occurring near the surface at night, at depths of 0–1800 m. Outside the area, Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) – Whitetip reef shark, blunt- worldwide in temperate seas, rarely tropical seas. head shark; Requin corail Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984a: FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low 2 unnumbered pp). priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 11

H e x a n c h i d a e – Cow sharks lands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Sharpnose sevengill Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT. Sensi- shark tive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant de- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. cline. High priority for conservation action. (2004: 204). Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 0–1000 m. Outside the area, C e n t r o p h o r i d a e – Gulper sharks circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Centrophorus moluccensis Bleeker, 1860 – Smallfin gulper FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- shark cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ri b e s -Be a u d e m o u l i n Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to et al. (2002) and Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204). Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths avoid ciguatera poisoning. of 125–823 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south Hexanchus nakamurai Teng, 1962 – Bigeye sixgill shark; Griset to northern Australia and New Caledonia. (Réunion), requin vache (France) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Fr i c k e (1999: 12) as H. vitulus, by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31), priority for conservation action. Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204) and others as H. griseus (non Bonnaterre, 1788). Taxonomic decision of Co mp a g n o (2003: 376). S q u a l i d a e – Dogfish sharks Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes, at depths of Cirrhigaleus asper (Merrett, 1973) – Roughskin spurdog; Ai- 90–600 m, usually on or near bottom, may move to the sur- guillat à peau rugueuse face at night. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Squalus asper by warm temperate seas. ­Fr i c k e (1999: 26), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomic Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, decision of Co mp a g n o (1999: 472). FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Aldabra. Marine species. cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Bathydemersal on the upper slope, at depths of 200–650 m. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Outside the area, western Atlantic from North Carolina/ Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to USA to northern Gulf of Mexico; South Africa and Mozam- avoid ciguatera poisoning. bique to western Indian Ocean; Hawaiian Islands. Remarks. A second species of Hexanchus was observed in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Réunion, but was not identified to the species level. FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.

Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881) – Bluntnose spiny dogfish; R h i n c o d o n t i d a e – Whale sharks Requin aiguillat (Réunion), aiguillat nez court (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 27), Rhincodon typus (Smith, 1828) – Whale shark; Requin baleine based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as Acanthias Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co mp a g n o (1984c: vulgaris (non Risso, 1827) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31), and as 2 unnumbered pp). Squalus fernandinus (non Molina, 1782) by Bl a n c & Po s t e l Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. (1958: 367, 370). Pelagic, at depths of 0–700 m. Rare. Outside the area, world- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. wide in tropical seas. Demersal, at depths of 30–750 m. Outside the area, in tropi- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB. Very cal and temperate areas, discontinuous: southeastern Atlan- sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant tic, South and East Africa, around southern Australia, New decline. High priority for conservation action. Listed on Caledonia and Solomon Islands, Vietnam to Korea and CMS Appendix II (Anonymus 2004). Banned from com- southern Japan. mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT. SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant soning. decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.

G i n g l y m o s t o m a t i d a e – Nurse sharks P r i s t i d a e – Sawfishes Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) – Tawny nurse shark; Re- quin-nourice fauve Pristis microdon Latham, 1794 – Smalltooth sawfish; Requin- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 14), scie based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 28); pre- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on or viously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) as P. antiquorum near the bottom in lagoons or along the outer edges of coral (non Latham, 1794). and rocky reefs, sandy areas near reefs and off sandy beach- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, es, at depths of 1–70 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Red transitional water and marine. Found on sand or mud bot- Sea and islands in western Indian Ocean east to Society Is- toms of shallow coastal waters, estuaries, river mouths, and 12 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

freshwater rivers, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, rine. Found in estuaries, lagoons, and around reefs, at depths worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas. of 0–440 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa, south- Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Le t o u r n e u r et al. ern Australia and New Zealand to Lord Howe and Norfolk (2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Very sensitive islands. to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for con- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. servation action. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- ority for conservation action. Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794 – Largetooth sawfish; Requin- Remark. A second species of Dasyatis was observed in Réunion, scie but was not identified to the species level. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 28), based on MNHN material. Pteryplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) – Pelagic stingray; Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water Pastenague violette and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms of shallow coast- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. al waters, estuaries, river mouths, and freshwater rivers, at (2004: 204) as Dasyatis violacea. depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic near and warm temperate seas. reefs, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, worldwide in Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Le t o u r n e u r et al. tropical and warm temperate waters. (2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Very sensitive Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for con- FIT, FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant servation action. decline. Low priority for conservation action.

Taeniura meyeni Müller & Henle, 1841 – Black ribbontail ray; T o r p e d i n i d a e – Electric rays Raie noir (Réunion), pastenague éventail (France) Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 32) under Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 – Black-spotted electric the names T. meyeni and T. melanospilos, based on ray; Trembleur (Réunion) MHNRUN material. Taxonomic decision of Co mp a g n o Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 29), (1999: 497). based on MNHN material; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found on (1863: C31) as T. marmorata (non Risso, 1810), and by sand and reef habitats, at depths of 2–500 m. Outside the ar- Bl e e k e r (1866a: 171–173) as Narcarion polleni. ea, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas Is- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Car- lands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south gados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Found on to Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. sand near rocky or coral reefs, and in estuaries, at depths of Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 0–439 m. Outside the area, South Africa (23°S) and islands FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. in western Indian Ocean east to India and Sri Lanka. Low priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. M y l i o b a t i d a e – Mantas, eagle rays

Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) – Spotted eagle ray; Aigle R h i n o b a t i d a e – Guitarfish de mer léopard Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Giant as Aetobatis narinari; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: guitarfish; Raie guitarre (Réunion), poissons paie à pois 33), based on MHNRUN material. (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 30), Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic near reefs, based on MNHN material. also entering estuaries, at depths of 0–80 m. Outside the ar- Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- ea, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate coastal seas. rine. Found inshore and in shallow estuaries, over soft bot- Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: tom, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- South Africa east to Mariana Islands and Samoa, south to nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. northern New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792) – Giant manta; Mante, diable FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Key- de mer stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 33), action. based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic near reefs, at depths of 0–120 m. Outside the area, worldwide in D a s y a t i d a e – Stingrays tropical and warm temperate seas. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Dasyatis thetidis Ogilby in Waite, 1899 – Thorntail stingray FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Fr i c k e (1999: 31), based on MHNRUN material; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) as Trygon pastinaca (non Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) – Manta; Mante Linnaeus, 1758), and by Bl e e k e r (1874: 68) as Leiobatis Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by (Trygon) pastinaca (non Linnaeus, 1758). Fr i c k e (1999: 33) as M. diabolus (non Shaw, 1804). Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, often fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 13

near reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, worldwide Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. in tropical seas. Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic over shallow Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: soft bottoms, also entering estuaries. Outside the area, Red FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to south- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Is- land. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common eagle ray; Aigle Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, de mer commun HAB, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone spe- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: cies. Significant decline. High priority for conservation ac- C31). tion. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- rine. Benthopelagic, also in shallow lagoons, bays and estu- Albula oligolepis Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008 – Small­ aries, at depths of 0–300 m. Outside the area, Mediterranean scale bonefish; Banane (Réunion) Sea and eastern Atlantic from British Isles to South Africa. Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by Hi d a k a Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: et al. (2008: 59–60), based on MNHN material. FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Benthope- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. lagic over shallow soft bottoms, also entering estuaries. Out- side the area, East and South Africa east to western Thailand and southeastern Australia. E l o p i d a e – Tenpounders, ladyfishes Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Key- Elops machnata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Tenpounder, lady- stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- fish; Lubine (Réunion), tarpon grande écaille (France) vation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wh i t e h e a d (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as E. saurus (non Linné, 1766). A n g u i l l i d a e – Freshwater eels Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow coastal Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 – Shortfin eel; Z’anguille, waters, and enters lagoons and estuaries. Outside the area, z’amab (Réunion), anguille à nageoire courte (France) Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Eg e (1939: 151–158) as Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Le t o u r n e u r et al. A. bicolor bicolor; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 37), (2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to hu- based on MHNRUN and ZMUC material. Taxonomic deci- man activities. Keystone species. High priority for conser- sion of the present paper. vation action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- may be considered. chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Anadro- mous migration; spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East Afri- M e g a l o p i d a e – Tarpons can watersheds and islands of western Indian Ocean east to India and Sri Lanka. Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) – Oxeye tarpon; Tar- Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: pon indo-pacifique FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wh i t e h e a d (1984b: ties. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 34– long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts 35), based on MHNRUN material. of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- severely declining; the species is critically endangered chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Benthope- throughout its range. High priority for conservation action. lagic; adults are found at sea, but juveniles inhabit river mouths and freshwater. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) – African mottled eel; Z’anguille, South Africa east to Mariana, Tuamotu and Marquesas is- z’amab (Réunion), anguille marbrée africaine (France) lands, north to southern Korea, south to New South Wales/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: Australia at 36°12'S, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. 29) as A. nebulosa labiata; listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 37) as A. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ bengalensis labiata. Actual presence needs verification ac- t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. cording to Ke i t h et al. (1999: 72–73). Taxonomic decision of Sensitive to human activities. High priority for conservation the present paper. action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction may be Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water considered. and marine. Anadromous migration; spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East African watersheds and adjacent waters of A l b u l i d a e – Bonefishes Indian Ocean. Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Albula glossodonta (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Indo-Pacific FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activi- bonefish; Banane (Réunion) ties. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 35–36), long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously listed of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as A. bananus, and by Bl a n c & severely declining; the species is critically endangered Po s t e l (1958: 367, 370) as A. vulpes (non Linnaeus, 1758). throughout its range. High priority for conservation action. 14 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 – Giant mottled Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- eel; Z’anguille, z’amab (Réunion), grande anguille marbrée ity for conservation action. (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30); recorded by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 373) as A. mauritiana; C h l o p s i d a e – False morays record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 37–38), based on ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. Kaupichthys hyoproroides (Strömmann, 1896) – Plain false mo- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. ray, common false moray Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Anadromous mi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a gration; spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their (1995: 64); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 88) life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East African wa- as K. diodontus (non Schultz, 1943); record confirmed by tersheds and adjacent oceanic waters east to Caroline, Mari- Fr i c k e (1999: 39–40), based on BPBM material. ana and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Marine South Australia and New Caledonia. species. Benthic, in holes and crevices of coral or rocky Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: reefs, at depths of 1–95 m. Outside the area, widespread in FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activi- the western Indian Ocean, central and North Pacific and ties. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this West Atlantic; in the Indo-Pacific, Natal/South Africa and long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and New severely declining; the species is critically endangered Caledonia. throughout its range. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Anguilla mossambica (Peters, 1852) – African longfin eel; priority for conservation action. Z’anguille, z’amab (Réunion), anguille à longue nageoire, anguille de Mozambique (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Eg e (1939: 89–151); M u r a e n i d a e – Moray eels record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 38), based on MNHN material. Anarchias seychellensis Smith, 1962 – Seychelles moray, mar- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, bled reef-eel transitional water and marine. Anadromous migration; Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their life in riv- Fr i c k e (1999: 42), based on SMNS material. ers. Outside the area, South and East African watersheds Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found among rubble, and adjacent oceanic waters. coralline algal debris, and coral heads of shallow wave- Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: washed reefs, at depths of 0–35 m. Outside the area, East and FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activi- South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to ties. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New Cale- long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts donia and Kermadec Islands. of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, severely declining; the species is critically endangered EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline throughout its range. High priority for conservation action. unknown. Low priority for conservation action.

*Channomuraena bauchotae Saldanha & Quéro, 1994 – Réunion M o r i n g u i d a e – Spaghetti eels broadbanded moray; Murène anneau de Réunion Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Sa l d a n h a & Moringua ferruginea Bliss, 1883 – Rusty spaghetti eel Qu é r o (1994: 308–312); listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 41, part) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 38–39), C. bennettii, based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision based on SMNS material. of Bö h l k e & Sm i t h (2002: 157). Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Burying in Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthic, in holes and sand, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east crevices of rocky reefs. Endemic to Réunion. to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT. south to Western Australia at 32°S, southern Great Barrier Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. De- Reef/Australia at 23°30'S, and New Caledonia. cline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) – Snowflake moray, floral moray; ity for conservation action. Murène étoilée Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Moringua javanica (Kaup, 1856) – Java spaghetti eel (1976: 88); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 41–42), based Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM material. (1976: 88); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 39), based on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- SMNS material. chelles. Marine species. Found on the reef flat and in coral Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Burying in reefs, often resting during the day under pieces of dead cor- sand, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa al, at depths of 0–48 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and (south to southern Mozambique) east to Mariana and Mar- South Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Oga- quesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Cale- sawara islands, Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands, south donia and Loyalty Islands. to Western Australia at 22°42'S and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 15

EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. shallow lagoon and seaward reefs, between coralline rocks Medium priority for conservation action. and corals, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Panama, north to Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845) – Barred moray; Congre Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia at noir (Réunion) 17°30'S and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (1961b: 6); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 42), based on EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. SMNS material. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- rine species. Benthic on reef flats, clear shallow lagoons, Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 – Lip-spot moray and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Hawai- Fr i c k e (1999: 44), based on SMNS and USNM material. ian and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Minami Tori Shima, south to Western Australia. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on shal- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, low coastal coral reef flats and in tidal pools, occasionally EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable also in deep rubble reefs, at depths of 0–45 m. Outside the decline. Medium priority for conservation action. area, Oman, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, and Rapa, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara Enchelycore pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) – Dragon islands, south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island. moray, leopard moray Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (1976: 88). A record of E. bayeri (Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Medium priority for conservation action. Lachner, Welander & Woods, 1953) from Réunion by Le­ t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 208) needs verification. Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883 – Elegant moray; Congre Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine jaune (Réunion) species. Found in holes and crevices of rocky and coral reefs, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago (1995: 66); previously described from Réunion by Ka u p east to Hawaiian, Line and Marquesas islands, north to (1856c: 67) under the name Muraena flavimarginata, preoc- southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, cupied by M. flavimarginata Rüppell, 1830; record con- south to New Caledonia. firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 44–45), based on MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable Found in crevices of steep drop-offs, and in deep water, at decline. Medium priority for conservation action. depths of 25–450 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- rica east to Samoa, north to Ogasawara Islands. Enchelynassa canina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Viper moray Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ri b e s -Be a u d e m o u l i n EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- et al. (2002) and Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204). um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in areas with strong surge such as benches, outer coral reef flats and coral Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982 – Tiger reef fronts, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Chagos moray, enigmatic moray Archipelago east to Panama. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (1995: 66); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 45), based on EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. MNHN material. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found in shallow coastal coral reefs; juveniles in- Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1797) – Zebra habit lagoons, at depths of 0–3 m, occasionally down to moray; Murène zébrée 24 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, east Africa and Natal/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 43), based on Islands, south to Samoa. visual record. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. chelles. Marine species. Secretive on sandy and rocky bot- Medium priority for conservation action. toms, crevices and ledges of seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Galapagos Ar- Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott, 1860) – Salt-and-pepper moray, chipelago, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to stout moray North West Cape/Western Australia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (1995: 66); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 88) EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. as Lycodontis laysanus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Medium priority for conservation action. 45–46), based on SMNS and USNM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Car- Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857) – Latticetail moray, gados Carajos. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices vagrant moray; Murène errant of the coral reef, juveniles in tidal pools; at depths of 0–74 m. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Outside the area, Antiequatorial, Transkei/South Africa east unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 44), based on to Cocos Island, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, SMNS material. Minami Tori Shima, and Hawaiian, Marquesas and Easter Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Howe, chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive in Kermadec and Austral islands. 16 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable um priority for conservation action. decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) – Giant moray; Murène Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Honey- javanaise comb moray, laced moray Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 48), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 46), based on an underwater observation in 1998. based on an underwater photograph taken by A. Di r i n g e r . Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon rine species. Found in coral reefs, on reef flats and outer reef and seaward reefs; juveniles in the intertidal reef flat; at slopes, at depths of 1–45 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and and South Africa east to Papua New Guinea, north to south- Mozambique Channel east to Hawaiian Islands, Pitcairn ern Japan, south to Western Australia at 20°46'S and Syd- Group and Cocos Island, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara ney/New South Wales, Australia. islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone decline. Medium priority for conservation action. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) – Fimbriated moray Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith, 1962) – White-spotted moray; 282); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as Thyr- Congre tacheté (Réunion) soidea bullata; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 46–47), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a based on SMNS material. (1995: 67); previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961b: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- 7) as Lycodontis punctatus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801); chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coral record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 48–49), based on SMNS reef flats and seaward reefs, prefers protected inshore waters material. among dead corals, young specimens also in tidal pools; at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. depths of 0–45 m. Outside the area, east to Mariana, Mar- Found in crevices of coral and rocky reefs; young specimens quesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Oga- in tidal pools; at depths of 0–110 m. Outside the area, East sawara islands, south to Western Australia at 20°30'S, south- and South Africa. ern Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. um priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action. Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1865 – Trunk-eyed mo- Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Yellow-edged ray, blotch-necked moray moray, yellow-margined moray; Congre queue verte, murène Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a à queue verte (Réunion), murène à bord jaune (France) (1995: 67); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 49), based on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 72); SMNS material. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 47), based on LEMUR, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- SMNS and USNM material. dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- on coral reef flats and outer reef slopes, juveniles in shallow dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found reef areas; secretive, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, in holes and crevices of coral or rocky areas of reef flats and Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to Line Islands, protected shorelines to seaward reefs; large adults in deeper north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western reefs; young specimens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–150 m. Australia, southern Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S and Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/South New Caledonia. Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Hawaiian islands, south to North West Cape/Western EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. ­Australia, Queensland/Australia at 24°49'S and New Cale- Medium priority for conservation action. donia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1795) – EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- White­mouth moray, Turkey moray; Congre pintade (Ré­ um priority for conservation action. union), murène voie lactée (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Geo- 75) as Lycodontis meleagris, and by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: un- metric moray pag. 1); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 50–51), based on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ka u p (1856a: 64–65) LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material. as Thyrsoidea grisea; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- 56–58) as Siderea grisea, based on LEMUR, MNHN and rine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral-rich areas SMNS material. of lagoon and seaward reefs, young specimens in tidal pools; Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- at depths of 0–51 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa chelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs and and Algoa Bay/South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and in lagoons, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands East Africa and Transkei/South Africa. and Minami Tori Shima, south to Lord Howe and Austral Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, islands. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 17

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Undulated moray, leopard moray; Murène ondulante Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961b: 7, 8) as Lycodontis undulatus; record confirmed by Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867) Fr i c k e (1999: 54–55), based on LEMUR and SMNS mate- – Yellowmouth moray, starry moray; Congre tacheté rial. (Réunion) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Walters Shoal, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Ma- (1961b: 7–8) as Lycodontis nudivomer. rine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral and rocky Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. reefs, on reef flats among rocks, rubble, or debris and also Found in holes and crevices of coral reefs, at depths of occurs in lagoons and seaward reefs, young specimens in 2–271 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/ shallow water and tidal pools; at depths of 0–26 m. Outside South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Ja- the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Port Alfred/South Africa pan, south to Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S and New east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara, Hawai- Caledonia. ian and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia at Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 28°54'S, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, decline. Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789) – Peppered moray, paintspotted moray; Congre (Réunion), murène sidérale (France) Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 – Bar-tailed moray Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 73); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: also listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as Siderea pantherina 83). and Poecilophis variegatus. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, in ledges and rubble rine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, young speci- areas of outer reef slopes, secretive during the day; young mens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, specimens in shallow reefs; at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the central Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to area, East and South Africa east to Society and Marquesas Panama, north to Ryukyu Islands and Minami Tori Shima, islands, north to Philippines, south to North West Cape/ south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Queensland/ Western Australia and Great Barrier Reef/Australia at Australia to 23°30'S and New Caledonia. 15°50'S. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action.

Gymnothorax pikei Bliss [ex Steindachner], 1883 – Pike’s mo- Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888 – Ribbon eel ray Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed 282). specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. 250 m depth, in 2008 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu­ Found in coral and rocky reefs and lagoons; secretive spe- l o c h a u ). cies normally hidden in sand or rubble; at depths of 1–57 m. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on Outside the area, East Africa east to Mariana and Tuamotu deep reefs. Endemic to the western Mascarenes. islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia to 23°30'S EUT. Regional importance. Sensitive to human activities. and New Caledonia. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Gymnothorax rueppellii (McClelland, 1844) – Banded moray, um priority for conservation action. yellow-headed moray Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson, 1828) – Tiger reef-eel, tiger snake- (1995: 67); previously listed by Ch a b a n a u d in Ri g o t a r d moray; Murène tigre récifale (1925: 395) as G. punctato-fasciatus (non Bleeker, 1863), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 88) as Lycodontis petelli, and (1995: 65) as Uropterygius tigrinus; record confirmed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 88) as Echidna zebra (non Shaw in Fr i c k e (1999: 56), based on MNHN material. Shaw & Nodder, 1797); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- 52–53), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and rine species. Found on sand in coral reef lagoons and be- USNM material. tween rocks, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Panama, north to rine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral reefs, Kerama and Hawaiian islands, south to New Caledonia. young specimens in shallow water and tidal pools; at depths Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa (south EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- to Bazaruto/Mozambique) east to Hawaiian Islands, north to um priority for conservation action. Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and Loyalty Is- lands. Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) – Giant estuarine moray; Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Murène fil géante EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Medium priority for conservation action. (1995: 68); previously listed as Thyrsoidea tile (non Hamil- 18 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

ton, 1822) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as Muraena Augusti Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of (non Kaup, 1856) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 72), and as Thyrsoidea 30–270 m. Outside the area, known from scattered localities macrura by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961b: 9); record con- in the Western Atlantic, East and South Africa, and Japan; firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 59) as T. macrura, based on probably more widespread. ­MHNRUN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. transitional water and marine. Found on mud bottoms and Low priority for conservation action. estuarine areas, sometimes in rivers and inner bays, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa Meadia abyssalis (Kamohara, 1938) – Abyssal cutthroat eel east to Mariana and Society islands, north to southern Japan, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a c h e (1975) as south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Meadia abyssale; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 60–61), Caledonia. based on MNHN material. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemer- CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- sal on the slope, at depths of 100–329 m. Outside the area, cline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Mascarenes east to Hancock Seamount, Hawaiian and Soci- Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive. ety islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledo- nia. Uropterygius concolor Rüppell, 1838 – Uniform reef-eel, uni- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. colour snake moray Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Low priority for conservation action. (1961b: 9); previously listed as U. unicolor by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 59), based Simenchelys parasitica Gill in Goode & Bean, 1879 – Snub- on MNHN material. nosed eel; Anguille à nez court Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed ter and marine. Found in shallow coral reefs, estuaries and specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at brackish rivers, at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red 450 m depth, in 2007 (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u ). Sea, East Africa and Durban/South Africa east to Mariana Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to of 136–2620 m. Outside the area, worldwide in warm tem- North West Cape/Western Australia and Queensland/Aus- perate oceans except eastern Pacific. tralia and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low priority EUT, CON, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable for conservation action. decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877 – Grey cutthroat eel Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1864) – Large-headed Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a snake moray, long-headed snake moray (1995: 72–73); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 61), based Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a on MNHN material. (1995: 64–65); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 59–60), Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the based on MNHN material. slope, at depths of 290–2334 m; the Réunion specimens were Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on ex- collected at depths of 650–800 m, at temperatures of 3.3– posed coral reefs, at depths of 1–14 m. Outside the area, 11.3 °C (Su l a k & Sh c h e r b a c h e v 1997: 1185). Outside the Christmas Island (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Panama, area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans. north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Loy- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. alty Islands. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Low priority for conservation action. EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887 – Shortdorsal Uropterygius xanthopterus Bleeker, 1859 – Freckleface reef eel cutthroat eel Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a (1995: 65); questionably recorded by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1995: 73–74); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 61), based (1961b: 9) as U. marmoratus (non Lacepède, 1803); record on MNHN material. confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 60), based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in holes and crev- slope, at depths of 900–3000 m; the Réunion specimens ices of shallow coral reefs and drop-offs, at depths of 3–56 m. were collected at depths of 1340–1850 m, at temperatures of Outside the area, Sodwana Bay/South Africa and East Afri- 2–11 °C. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temper- ca east to Line, Society and Marquesas islands, north to ate oceans except eastern North Pacific. Mariana and Marshall islands. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action. O p h i c h t h i d a e – Snake eels S y n a p h o b r a n c h i d a e – Cutthroat eels Apterichtus klazingai (Weber, 1913) – Sharpsnout snake eel Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923 – Shortbelly eel Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- (1995: 74–75) as Apterichthys klazingai; record confirmed mitted), based on MHNRUN material. by Fr i c k e (1999: 61–62), based on MNHN material. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 19

Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found buried on sand or (1976: 89); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 65–66), based gravel bottoms, at depths of 1–120 m. Outside the area, Dur- on MNHN and SMNS material. ban/South Africa east to Marshall Islands, south to Loyalty Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Islands. dabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found buried on Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. sand bottoms of sandy areas of reef flats, lagoons, and sea- Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. ward reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Out- Medium priority for conservation action. side the area, central Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/ South Africa east to Panama (except for Hawaiian Islands), Brachysomophis crocodilinus (Bennett, 1833) – Crocodile snake north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Midway islands, eel south to Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec is- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ri b e s -Be a u d e m o u l i n lands. et al. (2002) and Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. rine species. Found buried in lagoon habitats with sand, rock Medium priority for conservation action. and broken coral substrates, adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Society Is- Ophichthus bonaparti (Kaup, 1856) – Napoleon snake eel, sad- lands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. dled snake eel Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 66), HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. based on MHNRUN material. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found buried in sand of lagoons adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. Callechelys marmorata (Bleeker, 1853) – Marbled snake eel Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Indonesia Taxonomy. Doubtful record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: and Marshall and Society islands, north to Penghu Islands/ C30) as Pisodonophis maculatus; record probable but needs Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. verification. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. species. Found buried in gravel or sand, at depths of 2–37 m. Medium priority for conservation action. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Society Islands, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. Ophichthus polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1864 – Many-eyed snake Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. eel; Congre chabouk (Réunion) Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é ity for conservation action. (1961b: 11, fig. 5) as Ophichthys polyophthalmus. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found buried Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839) – Half-banded in sand of lagoons adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. snake eel, saddled snake eel Outside the area, Delagoa Bay/South Africa and East Africa Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 62–63), east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern based on an underwater observation in 1995. Japan. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Rare. Threats: chelles. Marine species. Found in burrows in sandy areas FIB, EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable and seagrass beds of both lagoon and seaward reefs, at decline. Medium priority for conservation action. depths of 0–70 m. Outside the area, Knysna/South Africa and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848) – Longfin snake north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western eel; Serpenton à longue nageoire Australia and Lord Howe Island. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, The unused Ophisurus nigrepinnis described by Li é n a r d EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable (1843: 90–91) is a senior synonym according to Fr i c k e (1999: decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 67) and needs to be supressed by ICZN. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) – Ringed snake eel, transitional water and marine. Found on sand or mud bot- banded snake eel, harlequin snake eel toms in lagoons and estuaries, entering lower reaches of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é rivers. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Algoa (1961b: 10, fig. 4); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 64– Bay/South Africa east to French Polynesia, north to southern 65), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material. Japan, south to Queensland/Australia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, rine species. Found on shallow sand flats and seagrass in EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–1.5 m. Outside the area, cline. Low priority for conservation action. Red Sea and East Africa (south to Delagoa Bay/Mozam- bique) east to Johnston and Tuamotu (but not Hawaiian) is- Scolecenchelys gymnota (Bleeker, 1857) – Slender worm-eel lands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Western Australia and New Caledonia. (1995: 74) as Muraenichthys gymnotus; record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Fr i c k e (1999: 63) as M. gymnotus, based on MNHN and EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. SMNS material. Taxonomic decision of McCo s k e r (2002: Medium priority for conservation action. 25). Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found bur- Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) – Ocellated snake eel, ied in sand or gravel of coral reef lagoons and sand patches spotted snake eel, tiger snake eel including tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Red Sea, East and Bredasdorp/South Africa east to Line Is- 20 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

lands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and John- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydem- ston Island, south to Western Australia and Loyalty Islands. ersal on the slope, at depths of 360–800 m. Outside the area, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Solo- HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- mon Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°S and New dium priority for conservation action. South Wales/Australia at 33°33'S and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Scolecenchelys laticaudata (Ogilby, 1897) – Redfin worm-eel Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Low priority for conservation action. (1976: 88) as Muraenichthys laticaudata; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 63) as M. laticaudatus, based on SMNS and Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle, 1968) – Wallace’s conger eel USNM material. Taxonomic decision of Ca s t l e & McCo s k ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a e r (1999: 121). (1995: 78) as Rhechias wallacei; record confirmed by Fricke Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- (1999: 70–71) as R. wallacei, based on MNHN material. rine species. Found buried in sand bottoms adjacent to coral Taxonomic decision of Ca s t l e & Sm i t h (1999: 993). reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–26 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the area, Red Sea, East Africa and East London/South Africa slope, at depths of 250–500 m. Outside the area, Natal/South east to Mariana Islands and Pitcairn Group, south to Lord Africa to southern Mozambique, Indonesia and Philippines Howe Island. north to southern Japan, probably more widespread. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. dium priority for conservation action. Low priority for conservation action.

Scolecenchelys xorae (Smith, 1958) – Orangehead worm-eel Conger cinereus Klunzinger [ex Rüppell], 1830 – Black-edged Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 34, conger, moustache conger; Congre oiro unpag. 1) as Muraenichthys xorae. Taxonomic decision of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ka n a z a w a (1958: 234– Ca s t l e & McCo s k e r (1999: 121). 243) as C. cinereus cinereus; previously described as C. al- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, southwestern Madagascar. tipinnis by Ka u p (1856a: 72); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Marine species. Found buried in sand bottoms adjacent to (1999: 68–69), based on LEMUR, MNHN, SMNS and coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 2–26 m. Outside the area, ­USNM material. Authorship as discussed by Fr i c k e (2008: South Africa (Algoa Bay to Natal). 15, under Muraenesox cinereus). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Medium priority for conservation action. Found in coral reefs and adjacent lagoons and estuaries, young specimens often in tidal pools; at depths of 0–80 m. Yirrkala tenuis (Günther, 1870) – Thin sand-eel Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, south to Kimberleys/ 29); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 67), based on Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. ­MHNRUN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone rine. Found buried in sand in coral reef lagoons and estuar- species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation ies, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East action. Africa south to Natal/South Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Conger wilsoni (Banning in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Cape HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- conger dium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a (1995: 76–78); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 69–70), based on MNHN material. Identity of original description C o l o c o n g r i d a e – Froghead eels doubtful; neotype and petition to ICZN necessary or petition to ICZN may be necessary to continue usage of name in Coloconger raniceps Alcock, 1889 – Froghead eel Congridae. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Transitional water and ma- (1995: 75–76); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 68), based rine. Found on rocky reefs and adjacent estuaries, young on MNHN material. specimens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathyde­ area, Cape of Good Hope/South Africa to southern Mozam- mersal on the slope, at depths of 300–1134 m. Outside the bique, southern Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Is- area, East Africa east to southern Japan. land and New Zealand east to Kermadec Islands and Tuvalu, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. possibly Japan. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Low priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action.

C o n g r i d a e – Conger eels Gorgasia klausewitzi Quéro & Saldanha, 1995 – Klausewitz’s garden eel Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim, 1914) – Blunt-tooth con- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion in original description by ger Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a (1995: 80–83, figs. 4–5). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 68), Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. based on MNHN material. Found in burrows on sand bottom adjacent to coral reefs, at fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 21

depths of 3–25 m. Endemic to volcanic islands in the south- N e t t a s t o m a t i d a e – Duckbill eels western Indian Ocean. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888) – Witch eel, whipsnout HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. sorcerer Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a (1995: 84); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 72), based on Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959) – MNHN material. Spotted garden eel, Hass’s garden eel Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: slope, at depths of 1500–2200 m. Outside the area, world- 282). wide in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, rine species. Found in burrows on sand bottom adjacent to EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- coral reefs, at depths of 2–45 m. Outside the area, East Af- known. Low priority for conservation action. rica east to Wake Atoll, Tonga, Samoa and Line Islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northwest- ern Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. E n g r a u l i d a e – Anchovies Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Stolephorus commersonii Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803 – Medium priority for conservation action. Commerson’s anchovy Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by La c e p è d e (1803: 381–383, pl. 12, fig. 1). M u r a e n e s o c i d a e – Pike congers Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- ter and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822) – Common pike conger; Outside the area, East Africa and Gulf of Aden east to New Murénésoce commun Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to Western Austra- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ca s t l e (1984: 2 un- lia at 21°51'S and Queensland/Australia at 23°51'S. numbered pp.); previously described by Fo u rm a n o i r & Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE); species not observed Gu é z é (1961b: 5–6) as M. cinereus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, since the 18th century. Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human 1775). activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction should ter and marine. Found in coastal waters, including estuaries, be considered. at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Durban/South Africa and East Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Yellow Sea, Thryssa baelama (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Baelama ancho- south to Western Australia at 27°42'S, New South Wales/ vy, little priest; Anchois-moustache sardine Australia at 34°53'S and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (1863: C29) as Engraulis boelama, and later by Bl e e k e r CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- (1874: 102) as E. polynemoides; record confirmed by Fr i c k e able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. (1999: 79), based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters near N e m i c h t h y i d a e – Snipe eels reefs, and in estuaries, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Caroline and Mariana is- Nemichthys curvirostris (Strömmann, 1896) – Boxer snipe eel lands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 16°30'S, and Fr i c k e (1999: 71), based on SMNS material. New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic with diur- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB. nal vertical migrations, at depths of 0–2000 m. Outside the Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant area, worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. C l u p e i d a e – Herrings, shads, sardines and menhadens

Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) – Spotted sardinella, spotted S e r r i v o m e r i d a e – Sawtooth eels pilchard; Sardinelle tachetée Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wh i t e h e a d & Wo n ­ Serrivomer beanii Gill & Ryder, 1883 – Sawtooth eel g r a t a n a (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Sa l d a n h a Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. (1995: 84); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 72), based on Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters and MNHN material. lagoons, at depths of 1–75 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Epibenthic-pelagic with East Africa east to northern Gilbert Islands/Kiribati, Samoa diurnal vertical migrations, at depths of 10–5998 m. Outside and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archi- the area, midwater depths in Indian Ocean and North Atlan- pelago/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia south to tic, south to Cape of Good Hope/South Africa. 23°03'S and New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. known. Low priority for conservation action. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. 22 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) – Bluestripe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, northern Madagascar, Sey- herring, blueline herring; Sardine (Réunion) chelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wh i t e h e a d (1985: 81– waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and 82); previously described by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Va­ East Africa east to eastern Indonesia and South Pacific east l e n c i e n n e s (1847b: 349–350) as Clupeonia fasciata; record to Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 73), based on MHNRUN and and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and MNHN material. Species probably preoccupied by the un- New Caledonia. used name Clupea mauritiana Bennett, 1833 according to Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB. Fr i c k e (1999: 73); this case needs to be solved by petitioning Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant ICZN. decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in shallow water near Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett, 1832) – Blue sprat, delicate coral reefs, at depths of 0–13 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, round herring; Hareng rond (France) East Africa and Algoa Bay/South Africa east to Philippines, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wh i t e h e a d & Wo n ­ Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara g r a t a n a (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Islands, south to Western Australia at 21°38'S, Queensland/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Australia south to 16°35'S, and New Caledonia, introduced Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters near into Hawaiian Islands. coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Marshall and FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Australia at 33°37'S, Tasmania/Australia, and New Caledo- nia, recently immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea Herklotsichthys spilurus (Guichenot, 1863) – Réunion herring through Suez Canal. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT, (1863: C16–C17, C29); record confirmed by Wh i t e h e a d FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (1985: 82–83) and Fr i c k e (1999: 74), based on the MNHN Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. syntypes. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and ma- rine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside C h a n i d a e – Milkfish the area, East Africa, possibly formerly also in Mauritius. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE). Threats: FIT, FIB. Sen- Chanos chanos (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Milkfish; Chano sitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é for conservation action. Reintroduction should be consid- (1963: 24); previously listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 102) as C. ered. lubina. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Sardinella jussieu (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Mauri- chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Benthope- tian sardinella; Sardine (Réunion) lagic in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embay- Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by La c e p è d e ments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally (1803: 469, 471–475) as Clupanodon Jussieu; probably the penetrate freshwater streams, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside same species subsequently described by Valenciennes in the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1847b: 346–349) as Clupeonia Jus- north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at sieui; neotype designation of the holotype of Clupanodon 32°05'S, New South Wales/Australia and Norfolk Island. jussieui Valenciennes (MNHN A.2208) as the neotype of Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), last encountered in the Clupanodon jussieu Lacepède [ex Commerson] or a similar 1960s. Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to human action would be necessary to stabilise current usage. activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- action. ter and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, India and Sri Lanka, possibly also Viet- nam, China and Taiwan. G o n o r y n c h i d a e – Beaked sandfish Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linné, 1766) – Beaked sandfish; decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Caduchon Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 58, fig. IIIC); previously described by Valenciennes Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) – Blacktip sardinella; Sar- in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1847a: 207–212, pl. 568) as dine à queue noire (Réunion) Gonorhynchus Gronovii; record of Gonorynchus gono- Taxonomy. Based on an illustration from Réunion by La c e p è d e rynchus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 82), based on MNHN (1803: pl. 11, fig. 3) as ‘Variété de Clupanodon Jussieu’, and SAIAB material. which was later named as Clupea melanura by Cu v i e r (1829: Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- 318, footnote); taxonomic usage stabilised by a neotype rine. Demersal on sand bottoms, at depths of 0–200 m. Out- (MNHN 3233) designated by Wh i t e h e a d (1967: 62); listed side the area, Namibia southward around the Cape of Good by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as Clupeonia Commersonii, by Hope to Mozambique, Saint Helena. Bl e e k e r (1874: 102) as Clupea (Harengula) atricauda (non Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), last encountered in the Günther, 1868), and by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 368, 170) as 1960s. Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to human Harengula vittata; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 75– activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation 76), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 23

C y p r i n i d a e – Carps and minnows since 1948 (Ke i t h et al. 1999: 80). Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Outside the area, originally in temperate Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), golden form – Gold fish; freshwater streams and coastal seas of the North Pacific, Carassin doré introduced worldwide. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 102); Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of previously described by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C14–C16, C29) as Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species Cyprinus Maillardi. advisable. Distribution. Introduced in Réunion (before 1863). Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the area, originally central Asia, China and Japan. Introduced throughout the world. G o n o s t o m a t i d a e – Bristlemouths Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species Cyclothone alba Brauer, 1906 – Bristlemouth advisable. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mu k h a c h e v a (1974: 192–195). Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 – Common carp; Carpe com- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. mune Mesopelagic, at depths of 300–600 m. Outside the area, in Distribution. Introduced in Réunion. Freshwater and transitional tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans. water. Outside the area, originally restricted to European Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Black Sea watersheds, widely introduced elsewhere. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species advisable. Cyclothone braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 – Garrick; Palo- mine Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932 – Whitecloud mountain min- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mu k h a c h e v a (1974: now 196–203). Distribution. Introduced in Réunion. Freshwater. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. area, originally restricted to southern China and northern Mesopelagic, adults mainly at depths of 200–900 m. Outside Vietnam, introduced elsewhere. the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, in the Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of North Atlantic also in temperate waters north to 66°N. Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. advisable. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. P l o t o s i d a e – Eel catfishes Cyclothone microdon (Günther, 1878) – Veiled anglemouth; Cy- clothone jaune Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) – Striped catfish, striped eel Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mu k h a c h e v a (1974: catfish; Machouaran (Réunion), balibot rayé (France) 214–217). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Mesopelagic, listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 75) as P. arab, and Fo u rm a n o i r & adults mainly at depths of 200–2700 m. Outside the area, in Gu é z é (1963: 12, fig. 1) as P. anguillaris; record of P. linea- tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans, tus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 85), based on BPBM, MNHN south to 45°S. and SMNS material. Fo r s s k å l in Ni e b u h r , 1775 described Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. this species as [Silurus] “Arab. Boa vel Buja”; later authors Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. inferred the name ‘Plotosus arab’ as a senior synonym, but Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. ‘arab.’ was not a species name, but an abbreviation for ‘Ara- bicus’, meaning ‘Arabian language: Boa or Bua’. Fo r s s k å l Cyclothone pallida Brauer, 1902 – Tan bristlemouth, bicoloured only gave the genus plus two local Arabian names, and this bristlemouth therefore does not qualify as a binominal species description Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mu k h a c h e v a (1974: (discussion see Fr i c k e 2008: 18). 206–210). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coral reefs. Mesopelagic, adults mainly at depths of 400–1000 m. Out- Also found in estuaries, tide pools and open coasts, at depths side the area, in tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans, of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Algoa south to 40°S. Bay/South Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to south- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. ern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Western Australia at 32°S and Lord Howe Island. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- dium priority for conservation action. S t e r n o p t y c h i d a e – Hatchetfishes Remarks. An Argyripnus sp. is recorded by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- S a l m o n i d a e – Salmons and trouts mitted), based on MHNRUN material.

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) – Rainbow trout; Truite Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- arc-en-ciel ennes, 1850 – Lovely hatchetfish; Hache d’argent à épines Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 87). (France) Distribution. Introduced in Réunion since 1940, acclimatised Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sa u v a g e (1891: 483). 24 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Record verified by Du r v i l l e et al. (submitted), based on C h o r o p h t h a l m i d a e – Greeneyes MHNRUN material. Remarks. Chlorophthalmus sp. is a new record for the family Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths from Réunion, based on a photographed specimen collected of 200–500 m during the day, diurnal vertical migration to by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at 550 m depth, in 2008 about 150 m depth during the night. Outside the area, in (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u ). tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. S y n o d o n t i d a e – Lizardfishes Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Graceful lizardfish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829 – Half-naked hatchet- gracile lizardfish; Anoli grêle fish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- (1976: 89); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as S. mitted), based on MHNRUN material. nebulosa (in part: non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths ennes, 1850); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 91–92), of 250–650 m during the day, diurnal vertical migration to based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. about 100 m depth during the night. Outside the area, in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans. chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in sand and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. silty coral and rocky reefs; in shallow lagoons, reef flats, and Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. sheltered seaward reefs, at depths of 0–135 m. Outside the Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Is- lands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara Polyipnus indicus Schultz, 1961 – Indian hatchetfish islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, mitted). FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths Medium priority for conservation action. of 50–500 m. Outside the area, western Indian Ocean. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Saurida nebulosa Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. – Clouded lizardfish, nebulous lizardfish; Anoli nuageux Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29, in part). Often confused with S. gracilis. Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871) – Constellation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Transitional water fish and marine. Benthic on sand, mud, rock and in eel-grass Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- habitats, primarily inshore, also near streams and river mitted), based on MHNRUN material. mouths; at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Maldives east Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to Ogasawara Is- of 100–1000 m. Outside the area, in tropical, subtropical and lands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. temperate waters of all oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone um priority for conservation action. species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Synodus binotatus Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, We- lander & Woods, 1953 – Twospot lizardfish; Anoli à deux taches P h o s i c h t h y i d a e – Lightfishes Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Fr i c k e (1999: 92), based on SMNS material. Phosichthys argenteus (Hutton, 1872) – Silver lightfish Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Found in coral reefs and adjacent lagoons, at depths of mitted), based on MHNRUN material. 1–88 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths Line islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western of 300–1050 m. Outside the area, Indo-West Pacific and Australia and New Caledonia. southeastern Atlantic. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. cline. Low priority for conservation action. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912 – Banded lizardfish, sand Pollichthys mauli (Poll, 1953) – Stareye lightfish lizardfish; Anoli bigarré Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by De b e l i u s (1999: 53). mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Often confused with S. variegatus. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores. Transitional water of 100–600 m. Outside the area, tropical and temperate At- and marine. Found on sand or sand-rubble areas of lagoon lantic Ocean, and western Pacific. and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–97 m. Outside the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia and New Caledo- Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. nia. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 25

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, down to 2000 m. Outside the area, in the Indian and Pacific HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- oceans. cline. Low priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Synodus variegatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Varie- Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. gated lizardfish; Anoli bigarré Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928) (1976: 89). Previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Saurus cynodus (non Linnaeus, 1758), and Bl e e k e r (1874: mitted), based on MHNRUN material. 102) as Synodus varius. In original description by La c e p è d e Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths (1803: 157) as Salmo variegatus and on pp. 224–228, pl. 3, of 40–850 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical waters fig. 3 as Salmo varius; first reviser Qu o y & Ga i m a r d (1824: except eastern Pacific. 223–224) who chose the name Saurus variegatus. Record of Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Synodus variegatus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 94–95) Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material. Often Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. confused with S. dermatogenys. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892) – Warming’s lantern- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in deep fish lagoon and seaward coral reefs, sometimes on sandy bot- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- toms concealing itself in the sand, at depths of 2–121 m. mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south of 0–2014 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and to Lord Howe, Kermadec and Rapa islands, straying to New warm temperate waters except eastern Pacific. Zealand. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. cline. Low priority for conservation action. Diaphus knappi Nafpaktitis, 1978 – Knapp’s lanternfish Trachinocephalus myops (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Schneider, 1801) – Painted lizardfish; Anoli serpent mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Saya de Malha Bank. Ma- as Saurus myops. rine species. Bathypelagic, at depths of 122–664 m. Outside Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- the area, tropical Indo-West Pacific. ter and marine. Found on sand bottoms including estuaries, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. at depths of 1–388 m. Outside the area, circumtropical, north Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. to Red Sea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Knysna/South Africa, Western Australia at 20°18'S, New South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe Island. Idiolychnus urolampus (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897) – Tail-light Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, lanternfish FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Medium priority for conservation action. mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 154–582 m. Outside the area, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, N e o s c o p e l i d a e – Blackchins Hawaiian Islands, Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez ridges. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 – Large-scaled lan- Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. ternfish Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Lampanyctus nobilis Tåning, 1928 – Noble lanternfish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- of 300–1180 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and mitted), based on MHNRUN material. temperate oceans, except most parts of the Indian Ocean. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, found be- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. tween 475–900 m during the day and between 100–500 m at Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species night. Outside the area, tropical and warm temperate Indian (as this common species is a major food item for deep dem- and Pacific oceans. ersal predators, controlling their populations). Decline un- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. known. Low priority for conservation action. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.

M y c t o p h i d a e – Lanternfishes Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) – Pygmy lanternfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Benthosema fibulatum (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897) – Spinycheek mitted), based on MHNRUN material. lanternfish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, found be- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- tween 425–850 m during the day and between 40–125 m at mitted), based on MHNRUN material. night. Outside the area, tropical and temperate Atlantic, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic and southern Indian and South Pacific oceans. mesopelagic, in the upper 200 m at night, during the day Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. 26 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. (non Lowe, 1838). Also MHNRUN material (Du r v i l l e et al. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. submitted). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar Ridge. Marine Symbolophorus rufinus (Tåning, 1928) – Red symbol lantern- species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 410–600 m. Outside the fish area, Mozambique, eastern Australia, New Zealand. Proba- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by bly more widespread. Fr i c k e (1999: 98), based on SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low 425–850 m during the day, and 0–125 m at night. Outside the priority for conservation action. area, eastern Atlantic from 28°N to 16°S, tropical Indian Ocean, Papua New Guinea. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. M a c r o u r i d a e – Grenadiers Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Caelorinchus acanthiger Barnard, 1925 – Surgeon grenadier Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Fr i c k e (1999: 99); previously recorded by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 20, pl. 5) as Coelorhynchus flabellispinus (non L a m p r i d a e – Opahs Alcock, 1894). Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) – Spotted opah, kingfish; of 800–1500 m. Outside the area, continental slopes of south- Lampris eastern Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean, southern Australia Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 98), and New Zealand. based on MHNRUN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic. Oceanic, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- mainly pelagic, at depths of 10–400 m. Outside the area, cline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. worldwide in subtropical and temperate oceans. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. M o r i d a e – Morid cods Low priority for conservation action. Gadella sp. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gadella jordani (non L o p h o t i d a e – Crestfishes Böhlke & Mead, 1951) by Du r v i l l e et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material. Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 – Crested oarfish; Lophotes Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic. Known Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ri b e s -Be a u d e m o u l i n only from the area. et al. (2002) and Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. of 0–92 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm Low priority for conservation action. temperate oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Laemonema macronema Meléndez & Markle, 1997 EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Me l é n d e z & known. Low priority for conservation action. Ma r k l e (1997: 638), based on SAIAB and MNHN materi- al. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemer- sal, at depths of 300–400 m. Endemic to western Mas- T r a c h i p t e r i d a e – Ribbonfishes carenes. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881) – Blackflash ribbon Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. fish, dealfish Low priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 98), based on MHNRUN material. Physiculus argyropastus Alcock, 1894 Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- 0–1000 m. Outside the area, South Africa, southern Austra- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. lia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthope- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, lagic, at depths of 200–300 m. Outside the area, India. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. priority for conservation action. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.

P o l y m i x i i d a e – Beardfishes C a r a p i d a e – Pearl fishes Polymixia busakhini Kotlyar, 1992 – Pacific beardfish Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on reexamination Encheliophis gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) – Graceful pearlfish, slen- of MNHN material listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 99) under the der pearlfish name P. berndti (non Gilbert, 1905); previously listed by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 102), Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) as Neobrama Webbi (non Valenci- based on SMNS material. ennes, 1837), and by Bl e e k e r (1874: 86) as Polymixia nobilis Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 27

species. Benthic, living in starfish and holothurians, at previously described by Ka u p (1858: 92) as B. burbonensis depths of 5–62 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and (locality Réunion not stated, but implied from species name); Natal/South Africa east to Palau/Belau, Mariana and Soci- record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 100–101), based on ety islands, south to New Caledonia. ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon Medium priority for conservation action. and seaward reefs and on the shelf and upper slope, at depths of 0–650 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Af- Encheliophis homei (Richardson, 1846) – Silver pearlfish rica east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rowley as Fierasfer homei; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 101– Shoals/Western Australia at 17°56'S and Lord Howe Island. 102) as Carapus homei, based on LEMUR and MNHN ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, terial. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- um priority for conservation action. rine species. Benthic, reef-associated, living in holothurians, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- Holcomycteronus aequatoris (Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, rica east to Hawaiian, Society and Gambier islands, north to 1913) Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Australia and New Caledonia. Fr i c k e (1999: 101), based on MNHN material. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths EUT, HAB, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable of 1510–4030 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa decline. Medium priority for conservation action. east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Pyramodon ventralis Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1913 Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Low priority for conservation action. mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths Neobythites multistriatus Nielsen & Quéro, 1991 of 184–470 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east Taxonomy. Originally described from off Réunion by Ni e l s e n & to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/ Qu é r o (1991: 194, figs. 1–4). Australia and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Bathydemer- Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, sal, at depths of 300–490 m. Endemic to Mascarenes. EUT, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. Medium priority for conservation action. Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.

O p h i d i i d a e – Cuskeels, snake blennies B y t h i t i d a e – Viviparous brotulas Acanthonus armatus Günther, 1878 – Bony-eared assfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855 Fr i c k e (1999: 100), based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths (1976: 89, part) as Dinematichthys iluocaetoides. of 1500–4415 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- subtropical seas. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in holes of Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. coral reefs, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Low priority for conservation action. and Ogasawara islands, south to New Caledonia. Remarks. Common name based on Fr o e s e & Pa u l y (2008). Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Bassozetus galatheae Nielsen & Merrett, 2000 cline (assumed according to habitat decline). Medium prior- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by ity for conservation action. Ni e l s e n & Me rr e tt (2000: 26–30); previously listed as B. glutinosus (non Alcock, 1890) by Fr i c k e (1999: 100), based Mascarenichthys heemstrai Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007 on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sc h w a r z h a n s & Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths Mø l l e r (2007: 78–81), based on SMNS material; previously of 1530–2040 m. Outside the area, off East Africa to Hawai- listed from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 102–103, part) as ian Islands, south to New Caledonia. ­Brosmophyciops pautzkei (non Schultz in Schultz, Chap- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB. man, Lachner & Woods, 1960). Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Low priority for conservation action. Marine species. Found in holes of volcanic rocks adjacent to coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. En- Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 – Reef cusk demic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. eel, bearded brotula, goatsbeard brotula; Brotule barbe-de- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, boue EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu b b s (1944: 170–175); Medium priority for conservation action. 28 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

L o p h i i d a e – Anglerfishes Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) – Coin-bearing frogfish, spotfin angler, spotfin frogfish Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock, 1894) – Smooth angler; Bandroie Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 106), marache based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Fr i c k e (1999: 103), based on MNHN material. rine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydem- coral or rocky reefs, on various substrates, from tidal pools ersal on the upper slope, at depths of 300–760 m. Outside the to 293 m depth. Outside the area, Azores, Madeira, Canary area, South and East Africa east to Vanuatu and Wallis & Islands, St Helena, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Futuna, north to southern Japan, south to northern Austra- Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south lia. to Rottnest Island/Western Australia and northern New Zea- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, land. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action.

A n t e n n a r i i d a e – Anglers Antennarius pictus (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1794) – Painted frogfish Antennarius coccineus (Cuvier in Lesson, 1831) – Scarlet frog- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pi e t s c h & Gr o b e c k e r fish, freckled angler, freckled frogfish; Grenouille écarlate (1987: 79–87); previously listed by Da n o i s (1964: 118) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Phrynelox polyophthalmus; record of Antennarius pictus as Chironectes coccineus. confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 106–107), based on MNHN Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- material. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Demersal, secre- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- tive among rocks and sponges, from tidal pools to 75 m rine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to coral reefs, adults mimicking sponges, usually on sponges, Panama and Chile, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Fre- open sand or rock, from shallow water to 75 m depth. Out- mantle/Western Australia and Lord Howe Island. side the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawai- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, ian and Society islands, north to Philippines and Midway EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Islands, south to Ningaloo Reef/Western Australia, Lord cline. High priority for conservation action. Howe and Norfolk islands. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Antennarius commerson (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Anony- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- mus, 1798) – Big angler, giant frogfish, Commerson’s frog- um priority for conservation action. fish; Grenouille de Commerson Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71) as Antennarius scriptissimus Jordan, 1902 – Calico frogfish A. Commersonii; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 104– Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pi e t s c h & Gr o b e c k e r 105), based on MNHN material. Authorship often attributed (1987: 123–125) as Antennarius sarasa; record confirmed by to La tr e i l l e (1804: 73), but name is available from an earlier Fr i c k e (1999: 107), based on MNHN material. publication by La c e p è d e [ex Co mm e r s o n ] in Anonymus Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, secretive in (1798: 681) (see Fr i c k e 1999: 105). rocky reefs, apparently preferring volcanic rock, from shal- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- low water to 185 m depth. Outside the area, Oman east to rine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to New Zealand. reefs, on coral, rock or sand, from tidal pools to 45 m depth. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Af- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- rica east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara, um priority for conservation action. Hawaiian and Society islands, south to Houtman Abrolhos/ Western Australia and Lord Howe Island. Antennarius striatus (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1794) – Striated Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, frogfish, striped angler EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pi e t s c h & Gr o b e c k e r cline. High priority for conservation action. (1987: 54–71); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as Chironectes scaber; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 107– Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Hispid frog- 108), based on MNHN and SMNS material. fish, shaggy angler Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu­ secretive in rocky or coral reefs on rock, rubble, sand, or v i e r & Valenciennes (1837: 407–412) as Chironectes hispi- among seagrass, from shallow water to 219 m depth. Outside dus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 105), based on the area, tropical western and eastern Atlantic, Red Sea and SMNS material. East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, southern Japan, south to Houtman Abrolhos Islands/West- secretive in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reefs, on ern Australia and northern New Zealand. coral, rock, sand or mud, from shallow water to 90 m depth. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Outside the area, South and East Africa to Indonesia, Samoa EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- and Tonga, north to Taiwan, south to Broome/Western Aus- um priority for conservation action. tralia and Loyalty Islands. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758) – Sargassum frogfish, sargas- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- sumfish; Sargasse um priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71, 72) fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 29

as Antennarius histrio and A. marmoratus; previously listed chelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Mainly by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) as Chironectes Mesogallicus found in freshwater, but occasionally in estuaries, larvae in [misspelling for nesogallicus]; record of Histrio histrio con- adjacent marine habitats. Endemic to islands in the south- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 108–109), based on MNHN mate- western Indian Ocean. rial. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, CON. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Key- rine species. Pelagic, adults are associated with floating stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- seaweed and are usually taken near the surface; frequently vation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU blown into inshore waters by storms; larvae and postlarvae Habitats Directive. occur at depths of 50–600 m, but no specimens larger than 4 mm SL were taken below 50 m. Outside the area, world- Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, wide in tropical and temperate oceans. 1836) – Giantscale mullet, otomebora mullet; Mulet otome- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, bora EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 359). um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional and marine wa- ter. Found in shallow coastal waters, entering lagoons, estu- aries and rivers. Outside the area, South and East Africa east C h a u n a c i d a e – Coffinfishes to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to Philippines, south to New Caledonia and Austral Islands. Chaunax umbrinus Gilbert, 1905 Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Fr i c k e (1999: 110), based on MNHN material. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of 183–400 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and sub- Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Fringelip tropical oceans, mainly around volcanic islands. mullet; Mulet boxeur Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 358), EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- based on SMNS material. known. Low priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comores. Tran- sitional and marine water. Found in coastal waters, over sandy or muddy areas of lagoons, reef flats and tide pools; enters estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa O g c o c e p h a l i d a e – Seabats east to Marshall, Marquesas and Gambier islands, possibly east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Halieutaea coccinea Alcock, 1889 – Spiny seabat Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT, Fr i c k e (1999: 110), based on MNHN material. CON. Not sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action. around 500 m. Outside the area, South Africa east to Indone- sia, south to Western Australia. Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Squaretail Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, mullet, yellowtail mullet; Mulet mopiro EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 359), priority for conservation action. based on SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional and Halieutopsis bathyoreos Bradbury, 1988 marine water. Found in lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by and streams. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall, Fr i c k e (1999: 110), based on MNHN material. Gambier and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/ around 1500 m. Outside the area, east to New Guinea, north Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. to southern Japan. Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. CON. Not sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action. ity for conservation action. Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Longarm mullet; Mulet, muge (Réunion), mulet M u g i l i d a e – Mullets longue aile (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: Agonostomus telfairii Bennett, 1832 – Fairy mullet; Chitte 30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 361–362), based on (Réunion), mulet enchanteur (France) MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional and (1867: 79) as Agonostoma telfairi; previously described as marine water. Found in coastal waters including lagoons, Nestis cyprinoides by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Va l e n c i ­ entering estuaries, rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red e n n e s (1836: 167–171); subsequently listed as Agonostoma Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea and Vanuatu, dobuloides by Bl e e k e r (1874: 79); record confirmed by north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Fr i c k e (1999: 357–358), based on MHNRUN and MNHN Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, material. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 30 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Moolgarda robusta (Günther, 1861) – Robust mullet; Mulet ro- Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT, buste FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Valamugil robustus by Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: 30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 362), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. E x o c o e t i d a e – Flying fishes Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in coastal waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers and Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- streams. Outside the area, southeastern Africa. ennes, 1847) – Blackwing flyingfish; Exocet cadène Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- (1984: 7). able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, school- ing in the upper 20 m of depth, often near the surface. Out- Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bluespot mullet; side the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, in Mulet à tache bleue the Indian Ocean north to Red Sea, south to Natal/South Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Africa. 368); previously listed as Mugil axillaris by Gu i c h e n o t Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. (1863: C27), and as Mugil coeruleomaculatus by Bl e e k e r Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- (1874: 79); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 360), based on ority for conservation action. MHNRUN and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill, 1815) – Spotfin flyingfish; chelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in Exocet tacheté coastal waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s and streams. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east (1984: 9). to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- south to Derby/Western Australia and Norfolk Island. chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and sub- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- tropical ocean waters, in the Indian Ocean south to Cape of able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Good Hope/South Africa and Western Australia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 – Flathead mullet; Mulet, muge Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- (Réunion), mulet cabot (France) ority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Th o m s o n & Lu t h e r (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously described as M. bor- Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett, 1840) – African flyingfish; bonicus by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1836: Exocet africain 113–114), and listed as M. cephalotes by Bl e e k e r (1874: 79); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 360–361), based on (1984: 11). MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the ar- chelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in ea, worldwide in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, in coastal waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers the Indian Ocean south to Aldabra and Natal/South Africa. and streams. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. temperate seas, in the Indian Ocean north to Red Sea. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, ority for conservation action. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Cypselurus naresii (Günther, 1889) – Pharao flyingfish; Exocet pharaon Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s A t h e r i n i d a e – Silversides (1984: 15). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Atherinomorus lacunosus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) rine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. – Hardyhead silverside; Athérine têtue Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas Islands, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Iv a n t s o ff (1984: 2 un- north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. numbered pp.) previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) as Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. Atherina pectoralis and Bl e e k e r (1874: 79) as Atherina pin- Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- guis; record of Atherinomorus lacunosus confirmed by ority for conservation action. Fr i c k e (1999: 111–113), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, ennes, 1847) – Yellow-wing flyingfish; Exocet aile jaune ­Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic, school- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s ing along sandy shorelines and reef margins, at depths of (1984: 19). 0–39 m. Outside the area, Indo-West Pacific from Red Sea Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western ­area, East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Samoa and Tonga, Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Rapa, recently north to southern Japan, south to North-West Cape/Western immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Ca- Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. nal. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 31

Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- ority for conservation action. gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in areas rich in vegetation and sand flats, also entering estuar- Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846 – Two-wing flying- ies, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and fish, barbel flyingfish South Africa, east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s Izu Peninsula/southern Japan, south to Broome/Western (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- recently immigrated through Suez Canal into Mediterranean rine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Sea. Outside the area, East Africa east to Panama, north to south- Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, ern Japan, south to northern Australia. FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. decline. Low priority for conservation action. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- ority for conservation action. Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus (LeSueur, 1821) – Mauritius halfbeak; Balaou (Réunion) Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 – Tropical two-wing flying- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) fish; Exocet volant as Hemirhamphus erythrorhynchus. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Transition- (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t al water and marine. Pelagic, at depths of 0–6 m. Endemic to (1863: C29) as E. Commersonii and E. evolans, and by islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Bl e e k e r (1874: 101) as E. brachysoma; record confirmed by Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE). Threats: FIT, FIB, Fr i c k e (1999: 122–123), based on MNHN material. HAB, EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- ties. High priority for conservation action. chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and sub- tropical waters, north to Red Sea, south to Western Australia B e l o n i d a e – Garpikes, needlefishes at 22°S, Queensland/Australia at 17°S, New Caledonia, Ton- ga and Rapa. Ablennes hians (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. – Flat needlefish, barred needlefish; Orphie plate Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: ority for conservation action. unpag. 1); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as Belone melanostigma; record of Ablennes hians confirmed Parexocoetus brachypterus (Günther, 1866) – Sailfin flying- by Fr i c k e (1999: 116), based on MHNRUN material. fish; Exocet voilier Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s chelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 123), and marine. Found in coastal waters near the surface, in- based on MHNRUN material. cluding estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- 0–3 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm rine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. temperate waters, in Indian Ocean north to Red Sea, south to Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marque- Algoa Bay/South Africa. sas islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Austra- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. lia, New Caledonia and Tonga, Panama (East Pacific). Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. ority for conservation action. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- ority for conservation action. Platybelone platyura (Bennett, 1832) – Keeltail needlefish; Or- phie carène Prognichthys sealei Abe, 1955 – Sailor flyingfish; Exocet mate- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 100) as lot Mastaccembelus platurus. Usually treated as a subspecies of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Pa r i n & Gi b b s Platybelone argalus (LeSueur, 1821). (1984: 33). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Aldab- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. ra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the Found in inshore and offshore waters near the surface, in- ­area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, possi- cluding estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of bly also eastern Pacific. 0–2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Eas- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. ter and Sala-y-Gomez islands, north to east of central Japan Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys/Western Aus- ority for conservation action. tralia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- H e m i r a m p h i d a e – Halfbeaks ority for conservation action.

Hemiramphus far (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Black-barred Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) – Yellowfin needlefish; Or- halfbeak; Demi-bec bagnard phie littorale Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 101) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Hemirhamphus far; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: 164). C29) as Hemirhamphus Commersonii; record confirmed by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Aldabra, Sey- Fr i c k e (1999: 118–119), based on MNHN material. chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal 32 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

waters near the surface, including estuaries and lower reach- Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) – Southern platyfish es of rivers, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East Africa Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by St a rm ü h l n e r (1979: 670, east to Hawaiian, Easter and Sala-y-Gomez islands, north to 674); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 115), based on central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys/ ­MHNRUN material. Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of Rapa. Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. ­area, originally Mexico, introduced worldwide into tropical Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- freshwater habitats. ority for conservation action. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation scheme, as the species is not native. Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & LeSueur in LeSueur, 1821) – Hound needlefish, crocodile needlefish; Aiguille (Réunion), orphie crocodile (France) M o n o c e n t r i d a e – Pineapple fishes Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) as Belone crocodila; subsequently listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) – Pinecone fish, pine- 100) as Mastaccembelus choram (non Rüppell, 1837); record apple fish; Poisson ananas confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 117), based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 124– Usually treated as the nominal subspecies of Tylosurus cro­ 125), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. codilus, with another subspecies, T. c. fodiator, in the east- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- ern Pacific. rine species. Found under ledges and in caves of rocky reefs, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- at depths of 10–200 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic South Africa east to Philippines, north to Korea, southern over lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–13 m. Outside Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to South Australia, Ker- the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate oceans, madec Islands and northern New Zealand. except for eastern Pacific. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Low priority for conservation action. decline. Low priority for conservation action.

A n o m a l o p i d a e – Flashlight fishes P o e c i l i i d a e – Poeciliids Photoblepharon steinitzi Abe & Haneda, 1973 – Blue-lined Gambusia holbrooki Girard in Agassiz, 1859 – Holbrook’s mos- flashlight fish quitofish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 114). Fr i c k e (1999: 125). Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found during Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the area, the day in deep rock caves at 300–500 m, ascending to the originally southeastern North America, introduced world- coral reef at 0–20 m during the night. Outside the area, Red wide in tropical and warm temperate freshwater habitats. Sea east to Maldives. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, scheme, as the species is not native. EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 – Guppy; Guppy Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by St a rm ü h l n e r (1979: 671). B e r y c i d a e – Berycids Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 – ­area, originally South America from Venezuela and Guaya- Alfonsino; Beryx commun nas to northeastern Brazil, Trinidad and Barbados, intro- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 125), duced worldwide in tropical and warm temperate freshwater based on MHNRUN material. habitats. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar Ridge, Comores, Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Seychelles. Marine species. Bathydemersal on sand and mud scheme, as the species is not native. bottoms, at depths of 110–1000 m. Outside the area, anti­ equatorial in Atlantic and western Indian Oceans, Korea and Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 – Green swordtail; Porte- Japan to Hawaiian Islands, New Guinea and Australia to épée northern New Zealand. Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 29); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 114), based on FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- ­LEMUR and MHNRUN material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the ­area, originally Mexico, introduced worldwide into tropical T r a c h i c h t h y i d a e – Roughies freshwater habitats. Remarks. Hoplostethus sp. was recorded from Réunion by Du r ­ Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation v i l l e et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material (new scheme, as the species is not native. record for the family). fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 33

H o l o c e n t r i d a e – Squirrelfishes and soldierfishes Myripristis hexagona (Lacepède, 1802) – Doubletooth soldier- fish; Marignan à deux dents Myripristis adusta Bleeker, 1853 – Shadowfin soldier; Marignan Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 86) as ombré M. hexagonus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 128), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: based on MNHN material. 237). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- rine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crev- chelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of drop- ices during the day, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, offs and steep channel slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding South and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 1–25 m. Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to at 20°29'S, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Port Hedland/Western Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Austral Islands. priority for conservation action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 High priority for conservation action. – Shoulderbar soldierfish, epaulette soldierfish, pearly sol- dierfish; Marignan ardoisé Myripristis berndti Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Blotcheye sol- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l dierfish, bigscale soldierfish; Cardinal (Réunion), marignan (1958: 368, 373); previously described as M. borbonius (not à œillères (France) borbonicus as stated by subsequent authors) by Va l e n ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Gu é z é c i e n n e s in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1831: 489), and listed by (1981: 12–13); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 127), based Sa u v a g e (1891: 5–6) as M. seychellensis; record confirmed on BPBM, LEMUR and SMNS material. by Fr i c k e (1999: 128–129), based on BPBM and MNHN Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- material. rine species. Found in coral-rich areas of subtidal reef flats, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa 5–40 m. Outside the area, east to Hawaiian and Marquesas east to Costa Rica, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Mid- islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, way islands, south to Western Australia at 22°S, Lord Howe south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action. Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Pinecone Myripristis botche Cuvier, 1829 – Blacktip soldierfish; Ma­rig­ soldierfish, blotcheye soldier, red soldierfish; Cardinal gros nan poklé écailles (Réunion), marignan pomme de pin (France) Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n observed during a visual census on the outer coral reef, in (1976: 90) as M. murdjan and M. bowditchae; record con- 2004 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , P. Ch a b a n e t ). firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 129–130), based on LEMUR, Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in MNHN and SMNS material. coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- depths of 25–71 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found South Africa east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, on subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef south to New Caledonia. slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, during the day, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, Midway um priority for conservation action. Atoll, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, New South Wales/Austra- Myripristis chryseres Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Yellowfin lia and New Caledonia. soldierfish; Cardinal queue jaune (Réunion) Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1982: 200); HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. previously listed by Bl e e k e r (1873a: 94–96) as M. borboni- Medium priority for conservation action. cus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831); re- cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 127–128), based on BPBM, Myripristis seychellensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, LEMUR, MNHN and RMNH material. 1829 – Seychelles soldier Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Gu é z é Found on steep outer reef slopes, hiding in holes and crev- (1981: 10–11). ices during the day, at depths of 12–240 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Car- Red Sea and Natal/South Africa east to Hawaiian and Soci- gados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding ety islands, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 2–21 m. Midway Atoll, south to Queensland/Australia at 15°50'S. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. um priority for conservation action. High priority for conservation action. 34 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Myripristis vittata Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. – Immaculate soldier, white-tipped soldierfish; Cardinal pe- Medium priority for conservation action. tit écailles (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: Ostichthys archiepiscopus (Valenciennes, 1862) – Longsnout 75); previously listed by Sa u v a g e (1891: 12–15) as M. sey- soldier; Cardinal (Réunion), marignan cuirassé (France) chellensis (part: non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes 1829); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 131), based on (1862: 1169–1170); subsequently listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: BPBM, MHNRUN and MNHN material. C24) as Myripristis japonicus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Va- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- lenciennes, 1829); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 133– rine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crev- 134), based on MNHN material. ices during the day, at depths of 3–80 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemer- East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north sal, at depths of 146–400 m. Outside the area, Ryukyu, Oga- to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western sawara, Hawaiian and Society islands, probably more wide- Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Ton- spread. ga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. known. Low priority for conservation action. High priority for conservation action. Ostichthys delta Randall, Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1982 – Red- Neoniphon aurolineatus (Liénard, 1839) – Yellow-striped squir- coat relfish; Marignan à bandes jaunes Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Ra n d a l l et Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a al. (1982: 18, fig. 11); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: (1985: 3–4); previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 134), based on BPBM, MNHN and USNM material. (1962b: 7) as Holocentrus anjouanae; record of Neoniphon Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on deep aurolineatus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 131–132), based on reefs, known from depths of 150–200 m. Outside the area, BPBM and MNHN material. Samoa, probably more widespread. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, dabra. Marine species. Living on outer reef slopes, at depths EUT. Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities un- of 30–160 m, during the day in caves, during the night out- known. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conserva- side feeding on plankton. Outside the area, Maldives east to tion action. Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Great Barrier Ostichthys kaianus (Günther, 1880) – Kai soldierfish, deepwater Reef/ Australia. soldier; Lancette de creux (Réunion) Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. in Sm i t h & He e m s tr a (1986: 426); previously described as Medium priority for conservation action. Myripristis (Holotrachys) guezei by Po s t e l (1962: 158–161, figs. 1–2); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 134), based on Neoniphon opercularis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- MHNRUN and MNHN material. ennes, 1831) – Blackfin squirrelfish; Marignan aile noire Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Living on Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- deep reefs, known from depths of 310–640 m. Outside the served and photographed during a visual census on the outer area, Indonesia east to Mariana Islands and Samoa, north to and inner coral reef, in 2004 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , E. Ryukyu Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia and Te s s i e r , P. Ch a b a n e t ). Loyalty Islands. Distribution. Réunion, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, in coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- area, East Africa east to Line Islands, north to Ryukyu Is- known. Low priority for conservation action. lands, south to New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Pristilepis oligolepis (Whitley, 1941) – Spinyface soldierfish HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a Low priority for conservation action. in Sm i t h & He e m s tr a (1986: 426–427). Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Living on deeper reefs, Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bloodspot known from depths of 14–220 m. Outside the area, Western squirrelfish; Marignan tacheté Australia, Japan and Ogasawara Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Lord Howe Island, Easter Island. Probably more wide- C24) as Holocentrum sammara; record confirmed by spread. Fr i c k e (1999: 132–133), based on LEMUR and MNHN ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, terial. FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline un- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- known. Low priority for conservation action. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in seagrass beds and hard bottom habitats on lagoon and Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838) – Silverspot seaward coral and rocky reefs, often associated with branch- squirrelfish, tailspot squirrelfish; Marignan rouge et argent ing Acropora coral, at depths of 0–46 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Red Sea and East Africa east to Line Islands and Pitcairn (1976: 89) as Holocentrus caudimaculatus. Group, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- islands, south to Western Australia at 20°33'S, Lord Howe chelles. Marine species. Found in outer coral reef areas, also Island, Tonga and Rapa. in lagoons and around drop-offs, at depths of 2–40 m. Out- Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, side the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/South Af- fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 35

rica east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenci- southern Japan and Minami Tori Shima, south to Western ennes, 1829) – Speckled squirrelfish Australia at 17°30'S, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: and Tonga. 164); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 90) as Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Holocentrus lacteoguttatus; record of Sargocentron punc- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. tatissimum confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 138–139), based on Medium priority for conservation action. LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Crown squirrelfish; Soldat couronné in coral and rocky reefs including lagoon habitats and tidal Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n pools, at depths of 0–183 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East (1976: 90) as Holocentrus diadema; record confirmed by and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north Fr i c k e (1999: 135–137), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western material. Australia at 17°30'S, New Caledonia and Rapa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT, gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Stable popula- in shallow coral and rocky reefs, including tidal pools, at tions. Low priority for conservation action. depths of 0–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Sargocentron seychellense (Smith & Smith, 1963) – Seychelles Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia squirrelfish, yellow-tipped squirrelfish at 17°30'S, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and Austral Is- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 139– lands. 140); previously described in part from Réunion by La c e p è d e Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, (1802: 253, 273–276) as Centropomus ruber, a secondary HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. homonym of Sciaena rubra Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in shallow waters of coral reefs and rocky shores, often between branch- Sargocentron inaequalis Randall & Heemstra, 1985 – Lattice ing corals, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Oman, squirrelfish Chagos Archipelago. Endemic to islands in the tropical Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1998: 34–35, southwestern Indian Ocean. fig. 12); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 137), based on Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Medium priority for conservation action. Found in coral reefs, at depths of 6–20 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago, Line Islands. Probably more wide- Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Sabre spread. squirrelfish, long-jawed squirrelfish; Cardinal lancette Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, (Réunion), marignan sabre (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 86) as High priority for conservation action. Holocentrum spiniferum; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) as Holocentrum leo; record confirmed by Fr i c k e Sargocentron ittodai (Jordan & Fowler, 1902) – Samurai squir- (1999: 140–141), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN relfish material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- (1985: 10–11); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 137), based gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on BPBM and RMNH material. in coral reefs from reef flats to lagoon and seaward reefs, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine depths of 1–122 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and species. Found on outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 2–70 m. South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Outside the area, Red Sea and Natal/South Africa east to north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Marquesas Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia. Western Australia at 17°30'S, Queensland/Australia, New Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Caledonia and Rapa. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858) – Blackblotch squir- relfish; Beauclaire Sargocentron tiere (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 138), Red squirrelfish, blue-lined squirrelfish based on MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 141–142), reefs, at depths of 5–90 m. Outside the area, Comores and based on MNHN material. Seychelles east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands, Samoa and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to chelles. Marine species. Found along exposed reef margins Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledo- and outer reef slopes, at depths of 1–183 m. Outside the area, nia. east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to south- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Austra- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. lia at 21°40'S, Queensland/Australia at 15°50'S, New Cale- Medium priority for conservation action. donia, Tonga, and Austral Islands. 36 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. um priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action.

Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853) – Pink squirrelfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. S y n g n a t h i d a e – Seahorses and pipefishes Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on out- er reef slopes, on the reef flat and lagoon patch reefs, at Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870) – Sculptured pipefish depths of 3–46 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Ha- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. waiian, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and (2004: 210), based on a specimen collected in Saint-Gilles Wake islands, south to Vanuatu and Tonga. Harbour, and kept alive for a year in Saint-Gilles Aquari- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, um. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on um priority for conservation action. reef flats and seagrass areas, including tidal pools; at depths of 0–9 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Line, Society and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Tonga. G r a m m i c o l e p i d i d a e – Tinselfishes Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Gilchrist, 1922 – Spotted tinselfish Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at Choeroichthys valencienni (Kaup, 1856) – Indian Ocean short- 450 m depth, in 2008 (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u ). bodied pipefish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gü n t h e r (1870: 187) as of 200–885 m. Outside the area, tropical Atlantic and Indo- Doryichthys valenciennii; subsequently listed by Bl e e k e r West Pacific oceans. (1874: 75) as Doryichthys brachysoma (non Bleeker, 1855); Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 147) as Choeroichthys EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low brachysoma (non Bleeker, 1855), based on SMNS material. priority for conservation action. Taxonomic decision of Ku i t e r (2000: 144). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes. Marine species. Found in coral reefs and sea- P e g a s i d a e – Seamoths grass areas, including tidal pools; at depths of 0–25 m. Out- side the area, Red Sea and East Africa. Eurypegasus draconis (Linné, 1766) – Short dragonfish; Pégase Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, dracon EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) Medium priority for conservation action. as Pegasus draco; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 142– 143), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838) – Network pipe- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- fish ter and marine. Found in lagoons, often among algal or sea- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n grass beds, mainly on mud or sand bottom and in estuaries, (1976: 90) as Corithoichthys flavofasciatus; record con- at depths of 1–91 m (Réunion: 1–20 m). Outside the area, firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 147–148), based on SMNS and Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas is- ­USNM material. lands, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipela- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- go/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Lord gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes. Marine species. Found among Howe Island. algal-matted rock and living corals of lagoon and seaward Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium Red Sea and East Africa east to Indonesia. priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. A u l o s t o m i d a e – Trumpetfishes Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) – Bloodspot Aulostomus chinensis (Linné, 1766) – Chinese trumpetfish; pipefish, reef-top pipefish Poisson trompette Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 148), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material; previ- as Aulostoma Chinensis; subsequently listed by Fo u rm a n o i r ously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as Corythoichthys & Gu é z é (1963: 8) as Aulostomus valentini; record con- fasciatus (sensu Gray, 1830; non Risso, 1810). firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 143–144), based on LEMUR, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- ­MHNRUN, SMNS and USNM material. rine species. Found in shallow protected areas of rubble and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- sand, usually semi-silty zones, associated with coral or gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky rocky reefs, at depths of 0–21 m. Outside the area, East Af- reefs, at depths of 2–122 m. Outside the area, South and East rica east to Palau/Belau and Vanuatu north to southern Ja- Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Oga- pan, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia. sawara, Hawaiian, Johnston and Easter islands, south to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Western Australia at 31°52'S, Lord Howe and Kermadec is- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- lands, and Rapa. um priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 37

Corythoichthys schultzi Herald in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, We- 3–60 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to lander & Woods, 1953 – Guilded pipefish Maldives. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, unpag. 1); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 90) EUT (FIT in other areas). Sensitive to human activities. Se- as Corythoichthys cf. schultzi. vere decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, as a species. Found among corals or sea fans in lagoon and sea- prioritary species. ward reefs, occasionally also in rocky reefs, at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa east to Mar- Hippocampus jayakari Boulenger, 1900 – Spiny seahorse; Hip- shall Islands and Tonga, south to Rowley Shoals/Western pocampe épineux Australia and Queensland/Australia. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as H. hystrix (non Kaup, 1856), by HOS, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Bl e e k e r (1874: 76) as H. guttulatus (non Cuvier, 1829), and Medium priority for conservation action. by Fr i c k e (1999: 151) as H. histrix (non Kaup, 1856), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of Ku i t e r (2000: Doryrhamphus bicarinatus (Dawson, 1981) – Indian Ocean 31). bluestripe pipefish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by Found on rubble-algae habitats and on soft bottoms on Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 90) as D. melanopleura (non Bleek- sponges, at depths of 3–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and er, 1858), by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 164) as D. excisus (non East Africa east to Maldives. Kaup, 1856), and by Fr i c k e (1999: 149–150) as D. excisus Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, excisus (non Kaup, 1856), based on LEMUR, SMNS and EUT (FIT in other areas). Rare. Sensitive to human activi- USNM material. Taxonomic decision of Ku i t e r (2000: 92). ties. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Carga- Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Direc- dos Carajos, Aldabra, Amirantes. Marine species. Found in tive, as a prioritary species. shallow lagoon and coral and rocky reef areas, including tidal pools; at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) – Shorttail pipefish; South Africa east to Andaman Sea. Syngnathe (Réunion) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Ka u p (1856b: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- 60) as Doryichthys millepunctatus; subsequently listed by um priority for conservation action. Du m é r i l (1870: 595–596) as Microphis brachyurus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 152–153) as M. brachyurus Dunckerocampus multiannulatus (Regan, 1903) – Many-banded millepunctatus, based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. pipefish Taxonomic decision (raising the subspecies to species level) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. of the present paper. (2004: 204). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. transitional water. Found in brackish estuaries and lower Found among coral and in reef caves and crevices, at depths reaches of freshwater streams. Outside the area, East and of 3–45 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa South Africa. east to Sumatera/Indonesia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. dium priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action. Nannocampus pictus (Duncker, 1915) – Reef pipefish Halicampus mataafae (Jordan & Seale, 1906) – Samoan pipe- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 153), fish based on SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Da w s o n (1985: 89–90); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 150), based on BPBM mixed sand and seagrass habitats adjacent to coral reefs, in- material. cluding tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, South and East Africa east to Queensland/Australia (south to Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky 24°30'S), north to Sri Lanka. reefs including tidal pools, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marshall Is- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- lands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Taiwan and Palau/Belau, um priority for conservation action. south to Queensland/Australia at 15°28'S, Chesterfield Is- lands and Tonga. Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeker, 1857) – Double-ended Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, pipefish EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. um priority for conservation action. (2004: 204). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Hippocampus borboniensis Duméril, 1870 – Réunion seahorse Found in subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs, usually among Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Du m é r i l algae or seagrass, at depths of 1–42 m. Outside the area, Red (1870: 520); listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 152) as H. whitei (non Sea and East Africa east to Mariana Islands and New Cale- Bleeker, 1855), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic deci- donia, north to southern Japan. sion of Lo u r i e et al. (1999: 79). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Found on soft bottoms and on sponges, at depths of Medium priority for conservation action. 38 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

F i s t u l a r i i d a e – Flutemouths D a c t y l o p t e r i d a e – Flying gurnards

Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 – Blue-spotted cornet- Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) – Common helmet gur- fish; Trompette (Réunion), cornette à taches bleues nard; Poisson volant (Réunion), grondin volant (France) (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: as Dactylopterus orientalis and Cephalacanthus spinarella 282); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as F. tabac- (non Linnaeus, 1758); listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 76) as Corys- caria (non Linnaeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fr i c k e tion volitans (non Linnaeus, 1758); record of Dactyloptena (1999: 144–145), based on MNHN and SMNS material. Also orientalis confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 168–169), based on MHNRUN material. MHNRUN and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, and gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic, on sandy sub- on sand bottoms adjacent to reefs, at depths of 0–128 m. strates adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside Outside the area, Ascension Island, Red Sea, East and South the area, South and East Africa to Hawaiian Islands and Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia at 19°09'S, lands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Austra- New Zealand and Rapa, immigrated into the Mediterranean lia, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. Sea through Suez Canal. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Medium priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action. Dactyloptena peterseni (Nyström, 1887) – Starry helmet gur- Fistularia petimba Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803 – Red cor- nard; Poisson volant (Réunion) netfish, serrate flutemouth; Trompette (Réunion), cornette Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by rouge (France) Fr i c k e (1999: 169), based on MHNRUN and MNHN mate- Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by La c e p è d e rial. (1803: 349–355); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 145), Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthic on soft bottoms, based on MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material. at depths of 50–210 m. Outside the area, East and South Af- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- rica east to Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern chelles. Marine species. Found above soft bottoms adjacent Australia. to coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 10–200 m. Outside the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Victoria/ known. Low priority for conservation action. Australia and New Caledonia; also tropical Atlantic Ocean. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- S e t a r c h i d a e – Deepwater scorpionfishes um priority for conservation action. Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) – Redsmooth scorpi- onfish S o l e n o s t o m i d a e – Ghost pipefishes Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854 – Ghost pipefish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i t z s c h e in Sm i t h & of 180–704 m. Outside the area, Andaman Islands east to He e m s tr a (1986: 459); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern 145–146), based on BPBM material. Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, rine species. Found in coastal coral reefs and adjacent la- EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- goons, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East known. Low priority for conservation action. and South Africa east to Mariana Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia and New Cale- donia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, S c o r p a e n i d a e – Scorpionfishes EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Caracanthus madagascariensis (Guichenot, 1869) – Spotted croucher Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770) – Ghost pipefish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 146), unpag. 2); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 91) based on an underwater photograph. as C. maculatus (non Gray, 1831). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Found in or adjacent to coral reefs among branches of gorgo- dabra, Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. nians, floating weeds, or crinoids, at depths of 0–20 m. Out- Found in coral reefs, associated with and among live Acro­ side the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and pora corals, at depths of 0–22 m. Outside the area, Sodwana Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia Bay/South Africa and East Africa east to Maldives and Cha- at 17°06'S and New Caledonia. gos Archipelago. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. HOS, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- Medium priority for conservation action. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 39

Caracanthus unipinna (Gray, 1831) – Pygmy coral croucher Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 168), HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable based on underwater observations. decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, associated Iracundus signifer Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Decoy scorpi- with and among live Acropora and Stylophora corals, at onfish depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 156), east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Oga- based on underwater photographs. sawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Great Barrier Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthic on Reef/Australia at 23°30'S, Loyalty Islands, Tonga and Rapa. sand and rubble under ledges of seaward coral reefs, at Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, depths of 10–70 m. Outside the area, South Africa; Taiwan HOS, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Proba- north to southern Japan; Hawaiian Islands; Cook Islands to ble decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Pitcairn Group, south to Rapa. Probably more widespread. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Dendrochirus biocellatus (Fowler, 1938) – Twinspot lionfish, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. ocellated lionfish Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pa rm e n t i e r (1988: I). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- Parascorpaena mcadamsi (Fowler, 1938) – Ocellated scorpi- al reefs, secretive during the day, at depths of 1–40 m. Out- onfish side the area, Maldives and Sri Lanka east to Mariana and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to north- Fr i c k e (1999: 156), based on MNHN and SMNS material. western Australian shelf, New Caledonia and Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Secretive in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, coral reefs, at depths of 0–70 m. Outside the area, South and EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable de- East Africa east to Marshall Islands, north to Taiwan, south cline. Medium priority for conservation action. to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Cale- donia. Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 1829) – Dwarf lionfish EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimen ob- Medium priority for conservation action. served and photographed during a visual census, in Saint- Paul Bay, at 12 m depth, in 2008 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r ­ Pontinus tentacularis (Fowler, 1938) – Tentacled scorpionfish v i l l e ). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 157), Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky based on SAIAB material; previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r reefs, on reef flats and in shallow lagoons, in areas with & Gu é z é (1963: 19–20) as Scorpaena sp. nov. weed-covered rocks on sandy substrates, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemer- 0–68 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa sal on the slope, at depths of 170–600 m. Outside the area, east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to east to Philippines and Kyushu-Palau Ridge. Lord Howe Island. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Prob- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action. Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787) – Spotfin lionfish, broad-barred Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – firefish; Poisson armée (Réunion) Zebra lionfish, zebra turkeyfish; Poisson armée (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 157–158), based on as Pterois zebra; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 155), ­LEMUR and MNHN material. based on LEMUR, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Marine species. Found in crevices under rocks and chelles. Marine species. Found on coral, rubble, or rock bot- coral formations of lagoon and seaward coral and rocky toms of reef flats, also in lagoon habitats, at depths of reefs, secretive during the day, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside 2–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to south- northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Shark Bay/West- Japan, south to Western Australia at 32°09'S, Sydney/New ern Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. South Wales, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium um priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Inimicus filamentosus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- – Filament-finned stinger; Poisson-pierre béquillard ing. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as Pelor filamentosus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) – Devil firefish; Poisson armée 155–156), based on MNHN material. (Réunion) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r rine species. Found on sand and rubble bottoms near coral (1867: IX); previously listed by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Va l e n ­ reefs, at depths of 5–55 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and c i e n n e s (1829b: 352–361, part) as P. volitans (non Linnaeus, East Africa east to Maldives. 1758), and on pp. 363–366 as P. muricata; record of P. miles 40 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 158–159), based on MHNRUN, Scorpaenodes minor (Smith, 1958) – Minor scorpionfish MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Fr i c k e (1999: 161), based on SMNS material. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in in coastal waters in sand, mud, lagoon, coral and rocky reef coral reefs including reef flats in coral-rich areas, in areas of habitats, at depths of 2–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, mixed sand and rubble, at depths of 0–18 m. Outside the East and South Africa east to Sumatera/Indonesia. ­area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and New EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Caledonia. um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable de- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- cline. Medium priority for conservation action. ing. Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864) – Coral scorpionfish Rhinopias eschmeyeri Condé, 1977 – Eschmeyer’s scorpionfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 238); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mo t o m u r a & Jo h n s o n record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 161), based on SMNS (2006: 501–508), based on MNHN material. material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- al reef habitats, at depths of 18–55 m. Outside the area, east chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in areas of to Vietnam, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/ rich coral growth from near shore to the outer reef slope, Australia. including tidal pools, at depths of 0–49 m. Outside the area, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Mar- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. quesas islands, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, Medium priority for conservation action. Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Rhinopias frondosa (Günther, 1892) – Weedy scorpionfish EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1967: 56) as Peoropsis frondosus; record confirmed by Scorpaenopsis diabolus Cuvier, 1829 – Devil scorpionfish, false Fr i c k e (1999: 159–160), based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- scorpionfish rine species. Found in coral reef habitats or adjacent sand Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: bottoms, at depths of 13–90 m. Outside the area, East Africa unpag. 2); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 161–162), east to Caroline Islands, north to southern Japan. based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. chelles. Marine species. Benthic on rubble or weedy coral- Medium priority for conservation action. line-rock bottoms of reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 1–70 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- rica east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to South Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Guam Korea and southern Japan, south to North West Cape/West- scorpionfish; Rascasse de Guam ern Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, New Caledo- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: nia and Tonga. 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 160), based on Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, ­LEMUR, SMNS and USNM material. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Medium priority for conservation action. rine species. Found in rock crevices on coral and rocky reef flats, shallow lagoons, and channels, including tidal pools, Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Humpback at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and scorpionfish South Africa east to Wake, Marshall and Marquesas islands, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 87) as north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia, Scorpaenopsis gibbosus; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t Kermadec Islands, and Tonga. (1863: C24) as Scorpaena Mesogallica; record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Fr i c k e (1999: 162), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, SAIAB Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium and SMNS material. priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins, 1903) – Dwarf scorpionfish, cies. Found benthic, camouflaged among rocks and corals, Kellogg’s scorpionfish including tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago. Fr i c k e (1999: 160–161), based on SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Distribution. Réunion, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium in coralline areas from near shore to the outer reef slope, at priority for conservation action. depths of 0–45 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Scorpaenopsis longispina Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001 – West- Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. ern raggy scorpionfish Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by Ra n ­ EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. d a l l & Es c h m e y e r (2001: 29–33); previously listed as S. Medium priority for conservation action. venosa (non Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829) by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 41

40, 99, unpag. 2), and Fr i c k e (1999: 162–163), based on Du r v i l l e et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material; ­MHNRUN material. the species will be described by J.-C. Qu é r o . Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier [ex Commerson], 1829) – Cockatoo East and South Africa east to Indonesia, Philippines and waspfish Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 165– pelago/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New 166); previously listed by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53) as A. bino- Caledonia. tatus (non Peters, 1855). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. rine species. Found in areas with sand, rubble and weed ad- Medium priority for conservation action. jacent to coral reefs, at depths of 0–78 m. Outside the area, eastern Indonesia east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Tai- Sebastapistes mauritiana (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, wan, south to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe 1829) – Mauritius scorpionfish, spineblotch scorpionfish; and Norfolk islands. Rascasse de Suez Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. subsequently described as Scorpaena megastoma by Sa u ­ Medium priority for conservation action. v a g e (1878: 127, pl. 1, fig. 7), and listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 91) as Sebastapistes nuchalis (non Günther, 1874); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 163–164), based on S y n a n c e i i d a e – Stonefishes MNHN and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Reef stonefish; chelles. Marine species. Benthic on rocky and coral reefs, on Crapaud (Réunion), poisson-pierre commun (France) reef flats and shallow lagoon reefs exposed to wave action, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 87); including tidal pools, at depths of 0–120 m. Outside the area, previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as S. brachio and Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Is- S. horrida (non Linné, 1766); record confirmed by Fr i c k e lands and Pitcairn Group, south to New Caledonia and Rapa; (1999: 166–167), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Car- ­Suez Canal. gados Carajos, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Found on coral or rubble areas adjacent to coral or rocky EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- reefs including lagoon habitats, tidal pools and estuaries; um priority for conservation action. secretive, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Gambier islands, Sebastapistes tinkhami (Fowler, 1946) – Dark-spotted scorpi- north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Austra- onfish lia, Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, Middleton Reef, New Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. Fr i c k e (1999: 164), based on BPBM and SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- al reef habitats, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, South um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- Africa, East Coral Sea, Loyalty Islands, Rotuma, Fiji and cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Wake Atoll east to Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- Ogasawara islands. ing. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable de- cline. Medium priority for conservation action. T r i g l i d a e – Gurnards

Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepède, 1802 – Leaf scorpionfish; Pterygotrigla guezei Fourmanoir in Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963 Rascasse – Mauritius gurnard; Grondin mauricien Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 40 Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r as Taenionothus triacanthus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e in Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 18, fig. 4). (1999: 164–165), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN materi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, on al. soft bottoms. Endemic to western Mascarenes. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Agalega Islands, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic in coral and rocky reefs, EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. on reef flats, outer reef slopes, current-swept channels, and Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. rarely on lagoon reefs, at depths of 0–134 m. Outside the ­area, East Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 14°04'S, New P e r i s t e d i i d a e – Armoured searobins South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther, 1880) – Murray’s armoured EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- gurnard um priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths T e t r a r o g i d a e – Waspfishes of 360–710 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Banda Sea north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Remarks. Neocentropogon sp. was recorded from Réunion by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, 42 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Thysanophrys chiltonae Schultz in Schultz, Woods & Lachner, Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. 1966 – Longsnout flathead; Platycéphale clin d’œil Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Kn a pp (1984: 2 unnum- Satyrichthys investigatoris (Alcock, 1898) – Investigator ar- bered pp.). moured gurnard Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- chelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms adjacent to mitted), based on MHNRUN material. coral reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths and East Africa east to Mariana, Marshall and Marquesas of 550–658 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to North West Cape/ to India. Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action.

P l a t y c e p h a l i d a e – Flatheads A m b a s s i d a e – Glassies

?Cociella crocodila (Tilesius, 1812) – Crocodile flathead; Platy- Ambassis ambassis (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Com- céphale crocodile merson’s glassy Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by La c e p è d e (1963: 11) as Platycephalus crocodilus. The record of this (1802: 252, 273–276) as Centropomus ambassis; subse- species needs verification according to Kn a pp (1996); it may quently described as Ambassis Commersonii by Cu v i e r in have been based on Kumococius rodericensis. Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1828: 176–181, pl. 25; in part). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Freshwater, tran- ter and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms including sitional water and marine. Found in lower reaches of streams, estuaries, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, estuaries, and in adjacent marine areas. Endemic to islands East and South Africa east to Solomon Islands, north to in the southwestern Indian Ocean. southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT, CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for con- um priority for conservation action. servation action.

Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Ambassis natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) – Natal 1829) – Spiny flathead; Platycéphale cocarde glassy; Ambache, ambache du large (Réunion), ambasse Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by Cu v i e r (France) in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1829b: 253) as Platycephalus Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously described by crocodilus; subsequently listed by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r Ma u g é (1984a: 211–218 as Ambassis gymnocephalus); re- (1867: X) as P. scaber (non Linnaeus, 1758). cord confirmed as Ambassis gymnocephalus by Fr i c k e Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on (1999: 172–173), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. sand and mud bottoms, at depths of 6–75 m. Outside the An d e r s o n & He e m s tr a (2003: 200–201, 205–206) conclud- ­area, Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern ed that Ambassis gymnocephalus is a nomen dubium; they Japan, south to northern Australia. classified the second Mascarene species as A. dussumieri. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lower um priority for conservation action. reaches of streams, estuaries, and in adjacent marine areas. Remarks. Though this species was originally described from Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Philippines, Rodrigues, He e m s tr a et al. (2004) did not observe it there; north to China and Taiwan, south to northern Australia. they concluded that the type locality was probably errone- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, ous. EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Sunagocia otaitensis Cuvier [ex Parkinson] in Cuvier & Valen- ciennes, 1829 – Fringelip flathead Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: A c r o p o m a t i d a e – Splitfin perches unpag. 2) as Thysanophrys otaitensis; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 171) as T. otaitensis, based on LEMUR Synagrops japonicus (Döderlein in Steindachner & Döderlein, material. Taxonomic decision of Kn a pp & Im a m u r a (2004: 1883) – Japanese splitfin 545). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- 368, 370, 373); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 173), rine species. Burying in sand and rubble areas of lagoon based on MNHN material. and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydem- area, East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands and ersal on continental slope, at depths of 100–800 m. Outside Pitcairn Group, north to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Gilbert islands, North West Cape/Western Australia, New Caledonia and north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Tonga. Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- Medium priority for conservation action. known. Low priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 43

S y m p h y s a n o d o n t i d a e – Slopefishes rocky reefs including tidal pools, at depths of 1–40 m. Out- Remarks. Symphysanodon sp. was recorded from Réunion by side the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Du r v i l l e et al. (submitted); the species will be described by Atoll, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to J.-C. Qu é r o . southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Is- land, Tonga and Rapa, recently introduced to Hawaiian Is- lands. S e r r a n i d a e – Groupers Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Redmouth nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. grouper; Vieille roga Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Cephalopholis aurantia (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- (1976: 91). ennes, 1828) – Golden hind; Rouge batard (Réunion, young Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional wa- specimens), rouge peau dure (Réunion, adult specimens), ter and marine. Found in coastal reefs and lagoons, often vieille dorée (France) silty habitats, in or near caves and holes in the reef, including Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 88) as estuaries; at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Epinephelus aurantius; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north (1863: C23) as Serranus analis; record of Cephalopholis to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia, Queens­ aurantia confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 176), based on BPBM, land/Australia and New Caledonia. MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Le t o u r n e u r et al. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- (2004: 210). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to hu- chelles. Marine species. Demersal on deeper, steep seaward man activities. Keystone species. High priority for conser- coral reefs, at depths of 20–250 m, usually below 100 m. vation action. A reintroduction might be considered. Outside the area, South Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Cuvier [ex Reinwardt] in Cuvier Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. & Valenciennes, 1828) – Slender grouper, slender rockcod; Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Mérou élégant EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790) – Chocolate hind; Vieille rine species. Found in coral-rich areas and clear waters on chocolat lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Epinephelus boenack; record of Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Cephalopholis boenak confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 176–177), Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. based on MHNRUN material. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone dabra. Transitional water and marine. Found in coral and species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation rocky reefs, at depths of 1–64 m. Outside the area, East Af- action. rica east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Shang- hai/China, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Austra- Aulacocephalus temminckii Bleeker, 1854 – Golden-ribbon lia and New Caledonia. soapfish; Savon à bande jaune (Réunion) Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- 346–347) as Aulacocephalus temmincki; previously de- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. scribed as Centropristis saponaceus by Valenciennes (1862: 1167–1168); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 210–211), Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – based on MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material. Leopard hind, leopard rockcod; Vieille léopard Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Found in caves and crevices of rocky reefs, at depths of 20– (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Le t o u r n e u r 120 m. Outside the area, antiequatorial distribution from et al. (2004: 204), based on underwater photographs and an Red Sea and South Africa east to Rapa, north to Japan and aquarium specimen. Ogasawara Islands, south to New Zealand and Kermadec Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Islands. chelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. pinnacles, channels, and outer slopes of coral reefs, at depths Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium of 1–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Northern priority for conservation action. Marianas, Line and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Is- lands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at Cephalopholis argus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Peacock 15°50'S, New Caledonia and Tonga. ­grouper, peacock rockcod; La prude (Réunion), mérou cé- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, leste (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 89) as Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Epinephelus argus; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Serranus myriaster; record of Cephalopholis argus Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Coral hind, confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 175–176), based on LEMUR, coral rockcod; Ananas batard (Réunion), vieille étoilée MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material. (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and (1984: 2 unnumbered pp). 44 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- chelles. Marine species. Demersal on various coral reef nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. habitats, at depths of 2–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Ogasawara Is- Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- lands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and ennes, 1828) – Tomato grouper; Vieille fraise New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ei c h l e r & My e r s Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, (1997: 96). EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Found in coral reefs, at depths of 15–108 m. Outside the area, action. East Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan, Oga- sawara and Wake islands, south to Western Australia, New Cephalopholis polleni (Bleeker, 1868) – Harlequin hind, harle- Caledonia and Rapa. quin rockcod; Cabot guignan (Réunion), vieille arlequin Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Bl e e k e r Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. (1868a: 336–339) as Epinephelus Polleni; subsequently list- ed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Serranus formosus (non Cephalopholis urodeta (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) Shaw, 1804). – Darkfin hind, dusky rockcod; Cuisinier (Réunion), vieille Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- chinois foncée (France) gascar. Marine species. Demersal on deeper coral reefs on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 89) as the edge of steep drop-offs, rarely in less than 30 m depth, Epinephelus urodelus; previously described as Serranus down to at least 120 m. Outside the area, east to Line Islands, erythraeus by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes north to Guam. (1830b: 516), and listed by Sa u v a g e (1891: 55–57) as Epi- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, nephelus nigripinnis; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- 181–183), based on MNHN, NMW and SMNS material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral Cephalopholis sexmaculata (Rüppell, 1830) – Sixspot hind, six- reefs including lagoon habitats, at depths of 1–60 m. Outside blotch rockcod; Rouge l’allié (Réunion), vieille six taches the area, East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Line Islands and (France) Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia at 32°01'S, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Queensland/Australia at 18°16'S, New Caledonia, Tonga and (1993: 55–56); previously listed by Po s t e l et al. (1964: 356) Rapa. as Cephalopholis gibbus, and by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53) as Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Cephalopholis leopardus (non Lacepède [ex Commerson], EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 1802); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 179–180), based Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- chelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, usually along ennes, 1828) – Brown-spotted rockcod; Loche pintade deep walls with caves, rich with invertebrate growth such as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: large sponges or soft corals, at depths of 6–150 m. Outside 377–379); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 181–183), the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line, Mar- based on MHNRUN material. quesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Great Barrier Reef at 23°30'S and Lord Howe Island. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Found in coral and rocky reefs and associated lagoon habi- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. tats, at depths of 4–300 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. and South Africa east to Marshall, Tongan and Line islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Caledonia. ennes, 1828) – Tomato hind, tomato rockcod; Rouge ananas, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, la prude rouge (Réunion), vieille ananas (France) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. 355) as C. sonnerati and C. cyanostigma (non Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828); previ- Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) – White-spotted ously described as Epinephelus unicolor by Li é n a r d in grouper; Loche à taches blanches Bl e e k e r (1874: 89; syntype: NHMI 422 from Mauritius); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 160–161), based on (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Epinephelus caeruleopuncta- ­MHNRUN and NMW material. tus. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer rine species. Found in coral reefs on coral or rock bottom, slopes of coral reefs; also on rocky reefs; juveniles are usu- including tidal pools, at depths of 0–65 m. Outside the area, ally found near sponges or coral heads; at depths of 10– East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to 150 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, East southern Japan, south to Western Australia, northern New and South Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, 24°24'S and New Caledonia. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 45

Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) – Orange-spotted Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) – Giant grouper, brindle- ­grouper; Mérou à taches oranges bass; Mérou lancéolé Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l (1991: 122–125); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 184), (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- ter and marine. Found in shallow coral reefs and adjacent rine. Found on various substrates, from estuaries down to estuaries down to 100 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea, 100 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. New South Wales/Australia, northern New Zealand and Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Tonga. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) ­a c t i o n . – Blue-and-yellow grouper; Le plat, platte ailes jaunes (Réunion), mérou faraud (France) Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1864) – Longspine grouper, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 88); streaky rockcod; Coulotte de singe, cabot sale (Réunion), previously described by Qu o y & Ga i m a r d (1824: 312–313) as mérou à longues épines (France) Serranus borbonicus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l 186–187), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously reported by Po s t e l et Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- al. (1964: 370–371) as Epinephelus fario (non Thunberg, gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found 1793); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 190–191), based on coral and rocky reefs, from shallow water (juveniles) on MNHN material. down to 150 m depth. Outside the area, Persian/Arabian Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Gulf, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to Andaman rine species. Found in rocky or coral reefs, on rock and sand, Islands, western Thailand and Sumatera/Indonesia. from shallow water to 70 m depth. Outside the area, South Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, and East Africa east to eastern Indonesia, north to Andaman EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Islands. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Brown- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. marbled grouper, blotchy rockcod; Mérou marbré Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker, 1858) – Snubnose grouper, (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e bigspot rockcod, bigspot grouper; Maccabit (Réunion), (1999: 188), based on MHNRUN material. mérou tapis (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1987: 148– gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral reefs 149); previously recorded by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as E. (juveniles in seagrass beds), from shallow water down to faveatus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828), 60 m depth. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa, Bl e e k e r (1874: 89) as E. merra (non Bloch, 1793) and Le­ north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New t o u r n e u r (1992: unpag. 2) as E. faveatus (non Valenciennes South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828); record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, ­Fr i c k e (1999: 191), based on MHNRUN and MNHN mate- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. rial. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral or rocky Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) reefs, at depths of 1–44 m. Outside the area, South and East – Star-spotted grouper; Maccabit, maccabit gris, risadel Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to (Réunion), mérou mélifère (France) southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. as Serranus hexagonatus; subsequently listed by Bl e e k e r Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, (1874: 89: part) as Epinephelus merra (non Bloch, 1793), and EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- on p. 90 as E. stellans; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. 188–190), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, RMNH and SMNS material. Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1964 – Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Speckled grouper; Cabot grosse écaille, petit nègre, cabot de dabra. Marine species. Found in shallow parts of rocky and fond, cabot aux yeux vert (Réunion), mérou à grandes coral reefs including lagoons and tidal pools, at depths of écailles (France) 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. Wake Atoll, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, south (1964: 365–368) as E. magniscuttis and E. pseudomorrhua. to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, New Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Caledonia and Rapa. deep water in the vicinity of coral reefs, at depths of 50– Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, 300 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Philippines and New EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Guinea east to Fiji and Tonga, south Western Australia and nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. New Caledonia. 46 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876) – White-blotched HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. ­grouper; Plat nègre, cabot nègre (Réunion), mérou plate Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. grise (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Malabar in Sm i t h & He e m s tr a (1986: 529); previously listed by grouper; Grand gueule (Réunion), mérou malabare (France) Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Serranus dermochirus (non Va- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l lenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830), and by Po s t e l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Po s t e l et al. et al. (1964: 371–372) as Epinephelus leprosus; record con- (1964: 369–370) as E. salmoides. firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 195–196), based on MHNRUN and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- MNHN material. chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in a variety of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- habitats including estuaries, at depths of 5–150 m. Outside gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga, north to from shallow rocky and coral reef areas (juveniles) to depth southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Sydney/New of 123 m (adults). Outside the area, East Africa east to North- South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. ern Territory/Australia, north to southern Japan, south to Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Shark Bay/Western Australia. EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone action. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander & Woods, 1953 – Oneblotch grouper, oneblotch Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) – Indian Ocean black- rockcod; Mérou dossard tip grouper; Rougette (Réunion), mérou oriflamine (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on MHNRUN unpag. 2). and MNHN material [as listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 184) for Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Epinephelus fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; pre- Found in shallow coral reefs and lagoons, at depths of 0–7 m. viously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Serranus mar- Outside the area, East Africa east to Line and Cook islands, ginalis (non Bloch, 1793), and by Bl e e k e r (1874: 88, 90) as north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia. Epinephelus fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) and Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, E. tsirimenara (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1842). Taxo- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. nomic decision of the present paper, following Gi l l & Ke mp Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. (2002: 165) who believe that the allegedly widespread spe- cies that was previously named Epinephelus fasciatus is Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 – Honeycomb grouper, dwarf made up of six different geographically isolated species. spotted grouper; Maccabit, maccabit blanc (Réunion), grif- Holocentrus oceanicus of La c e p è d e (1802: 345, 389) is the fin (Réunion, young specimens), plat gris (Réunion, adult oldest available name for western Indian Ocean popula- specimens), mérou gateau de cire (France) tions. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 89, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- part); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 193–194), based on gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. and marine. Found on coral reefs and rock bottoms, at depths Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- of 1–160 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Sri Lanka. in shallow protected and seaward coral reefs and lagoons, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 22°05'S, New action. South Wales/Australia at 33°59'S, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Epinephelus octofasciatus Griffin, 1926 – Eightbar grouper; Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Plat, cabot sale, rouge sale, cabot cafre (Réunion), mérou à HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. huit raies (France) Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a (1991: 217–219); listed by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 368, 370, Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 373) as E. grammatophorus (non Boulenger, 1903), and by 1833) – Comet grouper, contour rockcod; Cabot noir, cabot Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 74) as E. septemfasciatus (non Thun- de fond (Réunion), mérou comète (France) berg, 1793); described by Po s t e l et al. (1964: 364–365) as E. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) compressus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 196–197), as Serranus morrhua; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. 195), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- rine species. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 150–300 m. gascar. Marine species. Found on deep reefs at 80–370 m Outside the area, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden and South Af- depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to rica east to Marquesas Islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, Cook Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/ south to Rottnest Island/Western Australia, northern New Australia at 28°35'S, New Caledonia and Tonga. Zealand, Kermadec Islands, and Tonga. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- decline. High priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 47

Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) – Dot- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- dash grouper, dot-dash rockcod; Mérou morse nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record needs verification. Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Greasy grou- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- per, greasy rockcod; Vieille lutre, vieille nègre (Réunion), rine species. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 45–375 m. mérou loutre (France) Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Fiji, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Be n -Tu v i a central Japan and Ogasawara Islands. (1983: 413–416); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 199– Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 200), based on BPBM, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- USNM material. cline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1868) – Oblique-banded grouper; in clear water areas of rocky and coral reefs, juveniles in Mérou zébré tidal pools and on the reef flat; adults deeper, at depths of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l 5–300 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern (1999: 197), based on MNHN material. Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Austra- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. lia at 29°47'S, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 18–383 m (adults below Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, 80 m). Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to New EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Britain/Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 – Potato grouper, potato HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. bass; Mérou patate Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 200– 201), based on MHNRUN material. Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 – Red-tipped grouper, red- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine tipped rockcod; Rouge du large, rouge noir (Réunion), mérou species. Adults found in deep coral reef channels at depths of rouge (France) 10–150 m, juveniles in reef tide pools. Outside the area, Red Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Bl e e k e r Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea, north to (1868a: 339–341). southern Japan, south to Townsville/Queensland, Australia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Found on deep rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 18–383 m EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- (adults below 80 m). Outside the area, Madagascar east to nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Marshall, Line and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. Gracila albomarginata (Fowler & Bean, 1930) – Slenderspine Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, grouper; Vieille (Réunion), mérou bord rouge (France) HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 356–357) as Aethaloperca albomarginata; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 201), based on BPBM, MHNRUN and Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, MNHN material. 1830) – Halfmoon grouper, halfmoon rockcod; Cabot sale, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species. rouge sale (Réunion), mérou demi-lune (France) Found on the outer slope of coral or rocky reefs, at depths of Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes 15–120 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to northern in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1830b: 515) as Serranus rivula- Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to tus. New Caledonia and Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, ter and marine. Found on coral reefs, rocks, algae and sea- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- grass beds, at depths of 1–150 m. Outside the area, East Af- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. rica east to Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°01'S and northern New Zealand. Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792) – Sixstripe soap- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, fish, skunkfish; Savonette (Réunion), savon rayes d’or EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (France) Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: 345–346); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as G. Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, orientalis; record of G. sexlineatus confirmed by Fr i c k e Welander & Woods, 1953 – Foursaddle grouper, foursaddle (1999: 211–213), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and rockcod; Mérou à quatre selles SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in (1999: 199), based on SMNS material. coastal waters over corals and rocks, hiding during the day, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine at depths of 0.5–130 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Af- species. Found in rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. rica and East London/South Africa east to Marquesas Is- Outside the area, East Africa east to Wake, Marshall, Ton- lands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, gan and Cook islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Aus- Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, tralia and New Caledonia. and Tonga. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 48 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High prior- um priority for conservation action. ity for conservation action. Reintroduction into suitable habitats might be considered under scientific guidance. Liopropoma lunulatum (Guichenot, 1863) – Yellow perch Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t Pogonoperca ocellata Günther, 1859 – Snowflake soapfish (1863: C4–C5, C24) as Grystes lunulatus. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1873b: 109– Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on 110) as Grammistes ocellatus. deep reefs, at depths of 100–350 m. Outside the area, Red Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Sea east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan. Found on deeper coral and rocky reefs. Outside the area, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Maldives, western Indonesia. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Liopropoma susumi (Jordan & Seale, 1906) – Meteor perch Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Ta y l o r Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, (1988: 26–28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 203), 1830) – Spotted soapfish; Savon (Réunion), savon barbu based on BPBM material. (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) gascar, Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found as Grammistes punctatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e in coral reef habitats, at depths of 2–34 m. Outside the area, (1999: 213–214), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, chelles. Marine species. Found on coral reefs, usually Middleton Reef and Loyalty Islands. associated with large coral heads, juveniles in lagoons, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, adults usually below 20 m down to 216 m depth. Outside the EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- area, Natal/South Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Soci- um priority for conservation action. ety islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledo- nia. Meganthias natalensis (Fowler, 1925) – Gorgeous swallowtail Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (1963: 17) as Holanthias natalensis; previously described by Medium priority for conservation action. Pe l l e g r i n (1935: 51–53) as H. furcatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 202), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic Pseudanthias bimaculatus (Smith, 1955) – Twospot basslet, pur- decision of Ra n d a l l & He e m s tr a (2006: 29). ple goldie Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Benthopelagic. Outside the area, South Africa. (1967: 56) as Anthias bimaculatus. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep drop-offs EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable of coral reefs, possibly also on dead reefs, at depths of 10– decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 60 m. Outside the area, East Africa, Maldives and Indone- sia. Odontanthias borbonius (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 1828) – Checked swallowtail EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Cu v i e r in able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1828: 263–264) as Serranus Bor- bonius; subsequently described by Gu i c h e n o t (1868: 86) as Pseudanthias cooperi (Regan, 1902) – Silverstreak goldie, red- Aylopon mauritianus. Taxonomic decision of Ra n d a l l & bar fairy basslet He e m s tr a (2006: 9). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 238) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine as Anthias cooperi. species. Found on deep reef habitats, at depths of 70–300 m. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Outside the area, South Africa, Comores and Madagascar Found on deep drop-offs of coral and rocky reefs, at depths east to Guam and New Guinea, north to southern Japan and of 10–60 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Line, Ton- Ogasawara Islands. gan and Samoan islands, north to southern Japan, south to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable and New Caledonia. decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Black- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. saddle coral grouper; Mérou selle Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a & Ra n d a l l Pseudanthias evansi (Smith, 1954) – Yellowback anthias, yel- (1993: 290–292). lowtail goldie Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found (1976: 91) as Anthias evansi; record confirmed by Fr i c k e in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of (1999: 207), based on BPBM material. 4–100 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Oeno/Pitcairn Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra. Marine Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, species. Found in large schools at upper parts of deep drop- Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, New Caledonia and Rapa. offs of coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 4–40 m. Outside Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ the area, East Africa east to Cocos-Keeling and Christmas t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 210). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very islands (eastern Indian Ocean), north to Andaman Sea. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 49

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Variola louti (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Coronation grouper; EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Druide, rouge grand queue (Réunion), croissant queue jaune able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 89); Pseudanthias pulcherrimus (Heemstra & Randall in Smith & record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 209–210), based on Heemstra, 1986) – Resplendent goldie ­MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- observed and photographed during a visual census, in Saint- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on offshore clear Paul Bay, at 50 m depth, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , A. water coral reefs, at depths of 3–240 m, usually below 15 m. Di r i n g e r ). Outside the area, Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Found on deeper coral reefs, at depths of 30–50 m. Outside Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe the area, east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Island and Rapa. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.

Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) – Sea goldie Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n P s e u d o c h r o m i d a e – Dottybacks (1976: 91) as Anthias squammipinnis. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine Anisochromis mascarenensis Gill & Fricke, 2001 – Mascarene species. Found above coral outcrops or patch reefs of clear annie lagoons, channels, or outer reef slopes; also on rocky reefs; Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gi l l & Fr i c k e at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Madagas- (2001: 197), based on SMNS material; previously recorded car east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to by Fr i c k e (1999: 214) as A. kenyae (non Smith, 1954). Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. In coral-rich Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, areas of the fringing reef, associated with Acropora corals, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone at depths of 0–18 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, action. EUT. Local importance. Rare. Very sensitive to human ac- tivities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker, 1856) – Honeycomb action. podge Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Haliophis guttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – African eel- (1976: 92) as Pseudogramma polyacanthum. The gender of blenny the genus is feminine, therefore the species name must be Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r ‘polyacantha’. (1867: XIII). Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive, lives rine species. Found in rock and rubble areas of shallow reefs, among corals in lagoons and on reef flats, from tidal pools to at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- 61 m depth. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to rica. northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Islands, south to North-West Cape/Western Australia, Lord EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Howe Island and Tonga. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable de- cline. Medium priority for conservation action. P l e s i o p i d a e – Longfins

Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 – Lyretail grouper, white- Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835 – Red-tipped longfin, edged lyretail; Tire bourre (Réunion), croissant queue crimsontip longfin blanche (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Po s t e l et al. (1964: unpag. 3); previously recorded by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 349); previously recorded by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Ser- 92) as P. melas (non Smith, 1954); record confirmed by ranus punctulatus (non Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801); Fr i c k e (1999: 215–216), based on LEMUR, SMNS and record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 208–209), based on ­USNM material. BPBM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found chelles. Marine species. Found on seaward coral and rocky under stones or corals in the lagoon, close to the coral reef, reefs, at depths of 4–200 m. Outside the area, Outside the at depths of 0–13 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, rica east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, southern Japan, south to North West Cape/Western Austra- Queens­land/Australia and New Caledonia. lia, Queensland/Australia at 23°37'S and New Caledonia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action. 50 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

T e r a p o n t i d a e – Thornfishes (1829a: 118–119) as Dules fuscus, and listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 90) as Moronopsis ciliatus; record confirmed by Terapon jarbua (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Jarbua, crescent- ­Fr i c k e (1999: 220–221), based on MHNRUN and MNHN banded grunter, thornfish; Violon jarbua material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 89) as Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Therapon jarbua; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 216– gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- 217), based on MNHN material. rine. Found in estuaries and fast-flowing stretches of middle Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- and lower reaches of rivers, occasionally also in adjacent chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lagoons and tide pools. Outside the area, East Africa east to lagoons, in the vicinity of river mouths (including tidal Caroline and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, pools), entering estuaries, rivers and streams. Outside the south to Queens­land/Australia and New Caledonia. area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Palau/Belau, Samoa Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT, and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Aus- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- tralia at 24°53'S, New South Wales/Australia and New Cale- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. donia. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 211). Threats: FIT, EUT, CON. Sensi- P r i a c a n t h i d a e – Bigeyes tive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – Longfinned bullseye; Beauclaire longue aile Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. K u h l i i d a e – Flagtails (2004: 204). Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Kuhlia caudavittata (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Mas- Demersal on hard bottoms in association with holes and carene flagtail ledges, at depths of 40–400 m. Outside the area, circum- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: global in tropical and subtropical oceans. 368, 373) as Dules caudavittatus; record confirmed by ­Fr i c k e Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, (1999: 217–218), based on MNHN and SMNS material. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. priority for conservation action. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in the low- er reaches and estuaries of rivers and streams, occasionally Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) – Glasseye; also in the adjacent lagoon and in tide pools. Endemic to is- Beau clair du large (Réunion), beau clair de roche (France) lands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, EUT, (1962b: 5–6) as Priacanthus cruentatus and P. boops; previ- CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Key- ously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) as P. japonicus (non stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) and Sa u v a g e (1891: vation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU 119–121) as P. macropus, and described by Valenciennes Habitats Directive. (1862: 1168–1169) as P. alticlarens; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 221–222), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and Kuhlia mugil (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) – Barred MNHN material. flagtail; Hareng (Réunion), crocro drapeau (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a (1984a: chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Valenciennes (1862: and rocky reefs, hidden during the day, at depths of 3–300 m. 1168) as Dules taeniurus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Outside the area, circumglobal in equatorial and tropical 218–220), based on BPBM, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and areas. USNM material. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- cline. Low priority for conservation action. rine. Found in the lower reaches and estuaries of rivers and streams, occasionally also in the adjacent lagoon and in tide Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Moontail pools. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east bullseye; Cardinal, beau clair (Réunion), beau clair miroir to Panama, north to Taiwan and Minami Tori Shima, south (France) to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa, absent Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 87); from Easter Island, Pitcairn Group, Marquesas and Hawai- previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) as P. speculum; ian islands. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 222–223), based on Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT, ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on outer slopes of coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 8–150 m. Outside the area, Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Rock flag- Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Gam- tail; Doule de roche, poisson plat (Réunion), crocro sauvage bier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Aus- (France) tralia, Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by La c e p è d e Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, (1802: 252, 273–276) as Centropomus rupestris; subse- FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant quently described by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes decline. Low priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 51

Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988 – Arrowfin bigeye; Beau- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. claire aile sagitté Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by St a r n e s (1988: 178). Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001 – Indian Ocean cardinalfish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deeper slopes Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on A. coccineus of rocky or coral reefs, at depths of 60–100 m. Outside the (non Rüppell, 1838) of Fr i c k e (1999, 226), LEMUR materi- area, Red Sea east to Philippines and Samoa, north to south- al. ern Japan, south to northern Western Australia and New Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Caledonia. Found in shallow water in rocky or coral reefs, at depths of Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, 0–24 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area, east to EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Palau/Belau and southern Line Islands, north to Philippines, priority for conservation action. south to New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. – Japanese bigeye; Beau clair du large (Réunion), beau clair Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. bande blanc (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1877 – Oblique-banded cardi- as Priacanthus niphonius; subsequently described as nalfish, threeband cardinalfish Myripristis refulgens by Valenciennes (1862: 1169), and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 230), listed by Sa u v a g e (1891: 131–132) as Priacanthus meyeri based on SMNS material. (non Günther, 1872); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- 223–224), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. chelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water in rocky or Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- rubble reefs, at depths of 0–10 m, hiding during the day. chelles. Marine species. Demersal on deeper reef slopes of Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to 80–262 m depth, possibly also shallower. Outside the area, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Tonga, north to southern Red Sea, East and South Africa east to eastern Indonesia, Japan, south to Western Australia at 28°35'S, New South Philippines and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Wales/Australia at 35°03'S, and New Caledonia. Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and Loyalty Is- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, lands. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber, 1913) – Ocellate cardinal Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 92); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 231–232), R a c h y c e n t r i d a e – Cobia based on LEMUR and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Tran- Rachycentron canadum (Linné, 1766) – Cobia; Mafou, cobia sitional water and marine. Found inshore, in estuaries and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. lagoons, underneath rocks or between algae, at depths of (2004: 204). 0–5 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western transitional waters. Introduced for marine aquaculture; es- Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. caped into the natural environment (Le t o u r n e u r et al. 2004: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 204). Also native of the area. Found in a variety of habitats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- over mud, sand and gravel bottoms, over coral reefs, off able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. rocky shores and in mangrove sloughs, inshore around pil- ings and buoys and offshore around drifting and stationary Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – objects, occasionally in estuaries, at depths of 0–1200 m. Large-toothed cardinalfish, lined cardinalfish, tiger cardi- Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and subtropical nal; Apogon à grandes dents oceans. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Centropomus Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, macrodon by La c e p è d e (1802: 252), which is a junior syn- EUT, AQU. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone onym of Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], species. Probable decline of the native population. Medium 1801; the name was believed by several authors to be a sec- priority for conservation action. ondary homonym of Perca lineata Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775, which is, however, not a species independent from Perca lineata Linnaeus, 1758, but a misidentification (see A p o g o n i d a e – Cardinal fishes Fr i c k e 1999: 233, 2008: 30), as both Fo r s s k å l and Ni e b u h r had the 10th edition of Systema naturae by Li n n a e u s (1758) Apogon caudicinctus Randall & Smith, 1988 – Little tailband readily available (Ni e b u h r 1775: 18), but did not give indi- cardinalfish vidual credit to the authors of the names they used; record of Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Ra n ­ Cheilodipterus lineatus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 232– d a l l & Sm i t h (1988: 2). 233), based on MNHN material. Both names were frequent- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in shallow water ly used, so there is at present no way avoiding to use Cheilo- in rocky or coral reefs, at depths of 0–12 m, hiding during dipterus lineatus as the valid name for the species recently the day. Outside the area, Mauritius east to Pitcairn Group, named Cheilodipterus macrodon by other authors (e. g. Go n north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New Cale- & Ra n d a l l 2003: 32–33). donia, Tonga and Rapa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and 52 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

outer reef slopes, at depths of 0.5–40 m. Outside the area, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pit- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- cairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Aus- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. tralia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Ostorhinchus apogonoides (Bleeker, 1856) – Shirt-tooth cardi- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, nalfish EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: High priority for conservation action. 282) as Apogon apogonoides; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 224), based on SAIAB material. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenci- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. ennes, 1828 – Sharptooth cardinalfish, five-lined cardi- Found on exposed rocky and coral reefs from shallow water nalfish; Apogon à cinq branches down to 60 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 233– South Africa and Seychelles east to Philippines and Marque- 234), based on MNHN material. sas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Australia and Loyalty Islands. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, on reef flats, in lagoon and outer reef slopes, at depths of EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Band- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, tail cardinal; Apogon à queue bandée EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Medium priority for conservation action. La c e p è d e (1802: 253, 273, 275–276) as Centropomus aureus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 225–226), based on Coranthus polyacanthus (Vaillant, 1877) – Manyspine cardi- SMNS material. nalfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Cheilodipter- chelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water in coral us polyacanthus by Va i l l a n t (1877: 29). reefs, at depths of 1–40 m, hiding during the day. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Society Islands, north rine species. Benthopelagic. Outside the area, east to Indo- to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia at 28°45'S, New nesia, north to southern Japan. South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. priority for conservation action. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.

Nectamia savayensis (Günther, 1872) – Savaii cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881) – Cook’s cardinalfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- (1976: 92) as Ostorhynchus savayensis; also listed by Fr i c k e lected during a visual census, in Saint-Paul Bay, at 15 m (1999: 228) as Apogon fuscus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825); depth, in 2008 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). Taxonomic deci- record of Apogon savayensis confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: sion of Ra n d a l l (2005: 204) 230), based on MNHN and USNM material. Taxonomic de- Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. r a s e r (2008: 32–37). cision of F Found in coral and rocky reefs, resting in holes during the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- day, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to between corals on lagoon reefs and outer reef slopes, at New Caledonia. depths of 0–25 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, East Africa east to Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Ryukyu and Wake islands, south to northern Queensland/ Medium priority for conservation action. Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) – Broad-banded cardi- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. nalfish Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1911) Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) as Apogon quadrifasciatus (non Cu- – Broad-striped cardinalfish vier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828). Taxonomic decision of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n the present paper (named Apogon fasciatus by other au- (1976: 92) as Ostorhynchus angustatus; record confirmed by thors). Fr i c k e (1999: 224) as Apogon angustatus, based on MNHN Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. and USNM material. Found in sheltered water, in seagrass beds and near sea Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aga- anemones, in coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–80 m. Out- lega Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in side the area, Red Sea and East Africa south to Mozambique, clear water of seaward coral and rocky reefs, from the reef east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Ja- crest down to 25 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East pan, south to northern Australia. Africa east to Caroline and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Medium priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 53

Ostorhinchus taeniophorus (Regan, 1908) – Reef-flat cardi- islands. Bipolar west-east distribution; no records from Aus- nalfish, ninestripe cardinal tralia and Indonesia to Japan. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 164) as Apogon taeniophorus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (1999: 230–231), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS mate- Medium priority for conservation action. rial. Taxonomic decision of Ra n d a l l (2005: 210). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Siphamia mossambica Smith, 1955 – Sea urchin cardinalfish gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 236), in caves and holes of outer reef flats exposed to surge, in- based on Siphamia sp. of Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 92). cluding tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands rine species. Found in lagoon habitats including tidal pools, and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara between the spines of sea urchins, especially Diadema spp., Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Afri- Wales/Australia at 28°39'S, New Caledonia and Rapa. ca. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action.

Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832) – Bridled cardi- nalfish, spurcheek cardinal E p i g o n i d a e – Deepwater cardinalfishes Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 238) as Apogon fraenatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Epigonus denticulatus Dieuzeide, 1950 – Pencil cardinal 227–228), based on MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Fr i c k e (1999: 236), based on MNHN material. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Adults are benthic on the in relatively clear waters of reef flats and lagoon and sea- slope at depths of 130–830 m; juveniles pelagic at 130– ward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m, hiding dur- 425 m. Outside the area, cosmopolitan in tropical and tem- ing the day. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa perate oceans. east to Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Sydney/New EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- South Wales, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. known. Low priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Sphyraenops bairdianus Poey, 1861 – Triplespine deepwater able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. cardinalfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker, 1856) – Iridescent cardi- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. nalfish, spinyhead cardinal Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: of 200–1750 m. Outside the area, Western Atlantic, north- 164) as Apogon kallopterus; previously listed by Ha rm e l i n - western Australia, antiequatorial in western Pacific. Vi v i e n (1976: 92) as Pristiapogon snyderi; record of Apogon Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, kallopterus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 228–229), based on EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision known. Low priority for conservation action. of Ra n d a l l (2005: 211). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- S i l l a g i n i d a e – Sillagos gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in relatively clear and silty waters on reef flats and lagoon Sillago sihama (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Silver sillago; and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–48 m, hid- Pêche-madame argenté ing during the day. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 80). South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, Lord gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Howe and Kermadec islands, Tonga and Rapa. rine. Found on sand bottom along beaches, in the lagoon and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, in estuaries and lower reaches of rivers and streams, at EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- depths of 0–1 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Africa east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Korea and southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Bennett, 1836) – Bandfin cardi- Australia, Queensland/Australia at 21°09'S and New Cale- nalfish donia. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens col- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, lected during a visual census, on the outer and inner reefs, in EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 2005 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). Taxonomic decision of Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Ra n d a l l (2005: 211). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Cargados Cara- jos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, resting M a l a c a n t h i d a e – Tilefishes in holes during the day, at depths of 1–82 m. Outside the ­area, tropical southern Indian Ocean east to Cocos-Keeling Branchiostegus doliatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean); New Caledo- 1830) – Ribbed tilefish nia east to Pitcairn Group; Marianas to Hawaiian and Line Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) 54 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

as Latilus doliatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 237), action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the based on MHNRUN material. 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms, at depths of 90–400 m. Outside the area, Natal/South Africa to East Africa. M e n i d a e – Moonfish Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Moonfish; Luneur Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by He e m s tr a (1984b: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 259), Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848 – Stripetail tilefish, based on MHNRUN material. Also described in an earlier, quakerfish; Matajuel nez court fragmentary, 1800 edition of Bl o c h & Sc h n e i d e r as dis- Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by cussed by Fr i c k e (1999: 259). Gu i c h e n o t (1848: 14–15). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. ter and marine. Found in deeper coastal waters near the bot- Found in pairs over rocks or sandy areas adjacent to reefs, at tom, sometimes in estuaries. Outside the area, Durban/South depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa and East Africa east to New Guinea, south to Western Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia and New South Wales/Australia. Kimberleys/Western Australia, northern New Zealand and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Austral Islands. FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Low priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. E c h e n e i d a e – Remoras Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Blue tilefish, blue blanquillo, striped blanquillo; Matajuel Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 – Live sharksucker, shark bleu remora; Pilote (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 80); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 98) as previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as Malacanthus E. neucrates; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 241–242), taeniatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 239–240), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Temporarily at- chelles. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms adjacent to tached to a variety of hosts including sharks, rays, large outer reef slopes, at depths of 5–60 m. Outside the area, Red bony fishes or sea turtles, whales, dolphins and also to ships; Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Samoa and often found free-swimming in shallow inshore areas and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, around coral reefs. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical New South Wales/Australia at 32°26'S, and New Caledonia. and temperate oceans. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS. Sen- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- sitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority cline. Low priority for conservation action. for conservation action.

Remora australis (Bennett, 1840) – Whalesucker, whale remora; C o r y p h a e n i d a e – Dolphinfishes Rémora des baleines Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758 – Pompano dolphinfish; Fr i c k e (1999: 242), based on MHNRUN material. Coryphène dauphin Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found attached to ceta- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 257– ceans. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and tem- 258), based on MNHN material; listed as C. equigalis by perate oceans. Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 211). Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR), due to Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Oceanic, pe- massive decline of host species. Threats: HOS. Very sensi- lagic, near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropi- tive to human activities. Severe decline. High priority for cal and warm temperate seas. conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: EU Habitats Directive. FIT, FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) – Spearfish remora; Rémora action. des espadons Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sa u v a g e (1891: 321) as Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 – Common dolphinfish; Echeneis brachypterus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Coryphène 242), based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 97); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found at- record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 258), based on ­MHNRUN tached to sailfishes and swordfishes, rarely to other fish material. species. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and tem- Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Oceanic, pe- perate oceans. lagic, near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropi- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU), due to decline of cal and warm temperate seas. host species. Threats: HOS. Very sensitive to human activi- Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: ties. Significant decline. High priority for conservation ac- FIT, FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone tion. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Directive. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 55

Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common remora; Pilote Carangoides chrysophrys (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- (Réunion), rémora (France) ennes, 1830) – Longnose trevally, longnose kingfish; Ca­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) rangue cochon (Réunion), carangue tapir (France) as Echeneis remora; previously listed as Echeneis bourbon- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é iensis and Echeneis remeligo (nomina nuda) by Du m é r i l (1962a: 9–10) as Caranx chrysophrys and Caranx malabari- (1858: 377), and described as Echeneis remeligo by Du m é r i l cus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801). in Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C17–C19, C29) and as Echeneis Bor- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- boniensis by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C19–C20, C 29); record con- chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found over coastal firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 242–243), based on MNHN mate- reefs; juveniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, Red rial. Sea and East Africa east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia chelles. Transitional and marine water. Found attached to and New Caledonia. sharks but also attaches itself to other large fishes, sea turtles Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, and even ships. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- and temperate oceans. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Coastal tre- ority for conservation action. vally, coastal kingfish; Carangue cochon (Réunion), ca­ rangue tapir (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) as Caranx caeruleo pinnatus. C a r a n g i d a e – Jacks and pompanos Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over coastal reefs, at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830) – Indian mirrorfish, Indian area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, threadfish; Carangue folle (Réunion) north to southern Japan. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sa u v a g e (1891: 324– Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, 325) as Seriolichthys indicus; previously described as Hyn- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. nis insanus by Valenciennes (1862: 1203), and subsequently Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. listed as H. momsa by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962a: 10). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue trevally; Transitional water and marine. Adults found over coral reefs Carangue tachetée at 60–100 m depth, juveniles in shallow water of estuaries Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: and coral reef lagoons. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and 2 unnumbered pp.). South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Japan, south to Western Australia at 28°50'S and New South gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal waters Wales/Australia at 34°26'S. over sand bottom near coral reefs, at depths of 1–60 m. Out- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, side the area, Red Sea and East Africa eastward to Hawaiian EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Ja- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. pan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk Island and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Atule mate (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833) – Yellowtail HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable scad; Carangue maté decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: unpag. 3) as Caranx mate. Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Yel- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and ma- low-spotted trevally, yellow-dotted trevally; Carangue pail- rine. Found in estuaries and coastal bays, adjacent to coral letée reefs. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Ex- 2 unnumbered pp.). mouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- at 29°26'S, and New Caledonia. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on rocky Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, and coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Sea and East Africa east to Palau/Belau and Vanuatu, north nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia at 30°30'S, South Solitary Island/New South Wales, Australia, New Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Longfin trevally, long- Caledonia and Tonga. fin kingfish; Carangue sap-sap Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 244), EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- based on MNHN material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, coastal waters near rocks or corals; juveniles may enter estu- 1833) – Bludger; Carangue blanc (Réunion), carangue balo aries. Outside the area, East London/South Africa and East (France) Africa east to Gulf of Thailand and southern China, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: southern Japan. 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Gu é z é (1962a: 9) as Caranx gymnostethoides. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- decline. High priority for conservation action. chelles. Marine species. Found on deep offshore reefs close 56 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

to corals or rocks. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South (1962a: 9); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 247), based on Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to MHNRUN and MNHN material. Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Adults Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. are found over clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, juve- Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- niles in estuaries. Outside the area, East Africa east to Ha- ority for conservation action. waiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to south- ern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/ Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1934) – Bumpnose treval- Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. ly; Carangue à longes nageoires Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone 74); record confirmed by Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 211). species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Transitional water and ma- action. rine. Found in coastal waters near coral and rocky reefs; ju- veniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, East and South Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 – Black kingfish, black jack; Ca­ Africa east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to south- rangue noire (France) ern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Queens­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: land/Australia and New Caledonia. 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 247), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, based on MHNRUN material. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Cargados Carajos. um priority for conservation action. Marine species. Found on clear oceanic coral reefs or near drop-offs, at depths of 5–354 m. Outside the area, circum- Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833) tropical, widespread but mostly restricted to oceanic insular – Coachwhip trevally; Carangue oblongue habitats. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, 2 unnumbered pp.). HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal action. waters near coral and rocky reefs; juveniles may enter estu- aries. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa Caranx melampygus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833 – east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/ Bluefin trevally, bluefin kingfish; Carangue bleu (Réunion), Australia. carangue aile bleue (France) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- (1962a: 8); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 248), based on um priority for conservation action. MHNRUN and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) – Island gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Adults found on coral or trevally; Carangue des Îles rocky reefs, juveniles inshore in sandy lagoons. Outside the Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north lected during a visual census, in Saint-Gilles harbour, in to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to Dampier Archipela- 2005 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). go/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Norfolk Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic near Island and Rapa. coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 3–180 m. Outside the area, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Revillagigedo islands, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877 – Brassy trevally, priority for conservation action. brassy kingfish; Carangue bronze Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 248– Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) – Blacktip trevally, blacktip 249), based on MNHN material. kingfish; Carangue cocole Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Fr i c k e (1999: 247), based on an underwater observation by rine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, occasionally Y. Le t o u r n e u r . entering rivers and streams. Outside the area, East and South Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and ma- Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to rine. Found in clear coastal waters over rocky reefs, occa- Ryukyu Islands, south to Timor Sea/Western Australia, sionally also in lagoons or estuaries. Outside the area, South Queensland/Australia at 27°23'S, and Tonga. and East Africa east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, to northern Australia. HAB, EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- vation action. um priority for conservation action. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Bigeye trevally, Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Giant trev- bigeye kingfish; Carangue (Réunion), carangue vorace ally; Carangue grosse tête (Réunion), carangue têtue (France) (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Bl e e k e r (1874) as fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 57

Carangus hippos (non Linné, 1766), and by Sa u v a g e (1891: south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/ 323) as Caranx carangus (non Bloch, 1793); record con- Australia at Sydney, New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Is- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 249–250), based on MNHN and lands. USNM material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable chelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water decline. Medium priority for conservation action. and marine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, occa- sionally entering rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) – Pilotfish; Poisson pilote Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 98); islands, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, New previously listed as N. indicus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26). South Wales/Australia, Norfolk and Austral islands; Galapa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gos Islands and Mexico to Ecuador. gascar. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic species with a semi- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, obligate commensal relationship with sharks, rays, larger EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant bony fishes and turtles; juveniles usually associated with decline. High priority for conservation action. jellyfish and drifting seaweed. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, 1855 – Redtail scad; Comète Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, maouane HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: priority for conservation action. 2 unnumbered pp.). Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found near reefs along Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) – Black pomfret; Castagno- slopes in deep water. Outside the area, East Africa east to line noire Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Onslow/West- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: ern Australia at 19°27'S. 2 unnumbered pp.). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Transitional water and marine. Inhabits coastal areas with Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. muddy substrate; found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night; enters estuaries. Outside the area, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833) worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. South and East – Mackerel scad; Bancloche (Réunion), comète macquereau Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan and Oga- (France) sawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as D. macrosoma (non FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Bleeker, 1851) and D. Russelli (non Rüppell, 1830) by Fo u r ­ um priority for conservation action. m a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962a: 3, 5); record of D. macarellus con- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 250), based on MNHN material. Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – White tre- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles, Carga- vally, white kingfish; Carangue dentue dos Carajos. Marine species. Found near clear reefs from Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by shallow water to 20 m depth. Outside the area, circumtropi- Fr i c k e (1999: 253), based on MHNRUN material. Fr i c k e cal. (1999: 253) dated this species to an 1800 edition of Bl o c h & Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Sc h n e i d e r of which only a fragment of the text remains (see EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Fr i c k e 1999: 666); that edition should be placed on the Of- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. ficial Index of Rejected Works according to Es c h m e y e r & Fr i c k e (2008). Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Rainbow run- Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found in ner; Saumon, dauphin (Réunion), comète saumon (France) bays and coastal waters close to coral reefs, also entering Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: estuaries (especially juveniles). Outside the area, South Af- 2 unnumbered pp.); previously described as Irex indicus by rica, southern Australia; eastern Australia east to Easter Is- Valenciennes (1862: 1205); record of Elagatis bipinnulata land, south to Lord Howe Island, northern New Zealand and confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 250–251), based on MHNRUN Rapa; Japan, Hawaiian Islands, tropical and warm temperate material. Atlantic Ocean including Mediterranean Sea. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, chelles. Marine species. Associated with coral or rocky EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. reefs. Outside the area, circumtropical. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Scomberoides commersonianus Lacepède [ex Commerson], decline. High priority for conservation action. 1801 – Talang queenfish; Lubine, sauteur talang Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 98); Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Golden previously listed as Chorinemus Commersonii by Gu i c h e n o t kingfish, golden trevally; Carangue royale jaune (1863: C26). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h -Va n i z (1984: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- 2 unnumbered pp.). ter and marine. Found in coastal waters, often near coral Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- reefs, also entering estuaries. Outside the area, East Africa chelles. Marine species. Found over sand bottom associated east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Ex- to seaward coral reefs. Juveniles live among the tentacles of mouth Gulf/Western Australia, Sydney/New South Wales jellyfish. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa and New Caledonia. east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, 58 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- cline. Low priority for conservation action. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Double-spot- ted queenfish, leatherback; Pompre, sauteur sabre Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829) – Black-banded trevally; Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é L’Amoureuse petite (Réunion), sériole amourez (France) (1962a: 13, 14) as Chorinemus lysan, C. sanctipetri and C. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é tol (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832); previously (1962a: 12). listed as C. sancti Petri and C. mauritianus by Gu i c h e n o t Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- (1863: C26); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 254–255), chelles. Marine species. Pelagic above rock bottoms, at based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. depths of 20–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Adults South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, juveniles in- south to Queensland/Australia. shore and in estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Is- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- lands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South um priority for conservation action. Wales/Australia at Sydney, New Caledonia, Tonga and Ra- pa. Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Small- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, spotted pompano; Lime (Réunion), pompaneau muscadin EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (France) Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) as T. Bailloni; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 257), based Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) – Bigeye scad; Pêche on MHNRUN and MNHN material. cavale du large, chinard (Réunion), selar coulisou (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 99) as chelles. Marine species. Found near the surface in lagoon Caranx crumenophthalmus; previously listed as C. Mauri- and seaward coral reefs, occurring in schools near the edge tianus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26); record confirmed by of the surf. Outside the area, East Africa east to northern ­Fr i c k e (1999: 255), based on MHNRUN and MNHN mate- Line and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to rial. Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Island, Tonga and Rapa. chelles. Marine species. Pelagic in clear oceanic water close Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, to islands. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and sub- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. tropical seas. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, EUT. Annual catch in Réunion estimated at 100 tonnes Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Snub- (Ro u x & Co n a n d 2000: 173). Sensitive to human activities. nose pompano; Pompaneau lune Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for con- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: servation action. 369, 373) as T. Blochi. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Seriola lalandi Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833 – chelles. Marine species. Found near the surface in lagoon Yellowtail amberjack; L’Amoureuse grosse (Réunion), séri- and seaward coral reefs, occurring in schools near the edge ole chicard (France) of the surf. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to 74). Western Australia and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Amsterdam Island, Walters Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Shoal, Comores. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. coastal waters near coral reefs, sometimes entering estuar- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. ies. Outside the area, South Africa east to southern Austra- lia, Western Australia north to Shark Bay, southern Japan, Uraspis uraspis (Günther, 1860) – Whitetongue jack; Carangue Hawaiian Islands, eastern Australia east to Easter Island, paia Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez ridges. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (2004: 204). EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic on the continen- um priority for conservation action. tal shelf, at depths of 20–130 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833 Islands, south to northern Australia. – Almaco jack, longfin yellowtail; Sériole limon Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 256); EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962a: 11) as able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. S. songoro. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Pelagic near outer coral reef slopes at depths of 5–160 m; L e i o g n a t h i d a e – Ponyfishes juveniles associated with floating objects. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Gazza dentex (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) – north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago/ Ovoid toothpony; Ambache blanc (Réunion), sapsap dentu Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe (France) and Kermadec islands, and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 59

as Equula dentex; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 259– Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- 260), based on MNHN material. cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Tran- the Sea (Anonymus 1994). sitional water and marine. Found over sandy or muddy bot- toms, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, east to Indone- Brama orcini Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 – Bigtooth sia, north to Thailand, south to northern Australia. pomfret Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 450 m depth, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu­ l o c h a u ). Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths ennes, 1835) – Dussumier’s ponyfish; Sapsap vaguelette of 1–1229 m. Outside the area, widespread in tropical and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ja m e s et al. (1984: warm temperate parts of Indian and Pacific oceans. 2 unnumbered pp.). Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and ma- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. rine. Found over coral sand bottoms in inshore waters, but Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- also entering estuaries. Outside the area, India east to Indo- cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of nesia and Philippines. the Sea (Anonymus 1994). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, FIB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone Eumegistus illustris Jordan & Jordan, 1922 – Brilliant pomfret; species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Castagnole mignonne action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 204), based on MNHN material. Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Common Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Engybenthic and ponyfish, slimy, common slipmouth; Sapsap commun benthopelagic, at depths of 1–520 m. Outside the area, west- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ja m e s (1975: 145–147); ern Indian Ocean and western and central Pacific. previously listed as Equula ensifera by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: C26), and as L. edentulus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 98); record con- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 260), based on MNHN material. Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in the Sea (Anonymus 1994). river mouths and muddy inshore areas, often in mangrove areas, and on soft bottoms down to 70 m depth. Outside the Pteraclis velifera (Pallas, 1770) – Spotted fanfish area, Red Sea, East Africa east to eastern Caroline Islands, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 262– north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia at 263); previously listed as Pteraclis trichipterus by Bl e e k e r Broome, Queensland/Australia at Townsville, and New (1874: 98). Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Walters Shoal, Madagascar. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Marine species. Pelagic species found in open, offshore wa- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. ter. Outside the area, South Africa to Mozambique. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Leiognathus longispinis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- ennes, 1835) cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen the Sea (Anonymus 1994). observed and photographed during a visual census, in col- laboration with local fishermen, in Saint-Gilles harbour, in Pterycombus petersii (Hilgendorf, 1787) – Prickly pomfret 2008 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in mitted), based on MHNRUN material. coastal waters near the substrate, at depths of 0–10 m. Out- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic species found in side the area, India east to Palawan/Philippines, north to open, offshore water. Outside the area, widespread in tropi- Gulf of Thailand, south to Onslow/Western Australia. cal and temperate waters of Indian and Pacific oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994). B r a m i d a e – Pomfrets Taractichthys steindachneri (Döderlein in Steindachner & Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 – Döderlein, 1883) – Sickle pomfret Lesser bream; Castagnole mignonne Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha e d r i c h (1984: 2 un- Fr i c k e (1999: 263), based on MHNRUN material. numbered pp.). Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic species found in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- open, offshore water. Outside the area, widespread in tropi- rine species. Pelagic, at depths of 1–300 m. Outside the area, cal and warm temperate Indian and Pacific oceans. circumtropical. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe- 60 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of Kiribati/Line and Austral islands, north to southern Japan, the Sea (Anonymus 1994). south to off Kimberleys/Western Australia, northern New Zealand, and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, L u t j a n i d a e – Snappers FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Aphareus furca (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Blue small- tooth jobfish; Lantanier noir (Réunion), vivaneau tidents Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862 – Flame snapper; Vivaneau (France) flamme Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 91) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23); A. furcatus; previously listed as A. caerulescens by listed as E. oculatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 1828) by Va i l l a n t (1873: 71); record confirmed by Fr i c k e 263–264), based on MHNRUN material. (1999: 265–266), based on MHNRUN and MNHN materi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine al. species. Found in lagoons, coral and rocky reefs, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine 1–122 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Is- species. Found above rock bottoms, at depths of 90–350 m. lands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and northern Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec is- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- lands, and Tonga. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Aphareus rutilans Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 – Red smalltooth jobfish, rusty jobfish; Vivaneau lantanier Etelis radiosus Anderson, 1981 – Scarlet snapper; Vivaneau (Réunion), vivaneau rouillé (France) écarlate Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed C25). specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- 370 m depth, in 2005 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu­ chelles. Marine species. Found over coral and rocky reefs, at l o c h a u ). depths of 50–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on rocky bottoms, Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara at depths of 90–360 m. Outside the area, Sri Lanka east to Islands, south to northern Western Australia, Queensland/ Caroline Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Caledonia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- Low priority for conservation action. posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – River Aprion virescens Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 snapper, mangrove red snapper; Vivaneau des mangroves – Green jobfish; Thazard blanc (Réunion), vivaneau job (France) (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n & Ta l b o t (1985: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); 19–21); listed as Mesoprion griseoides by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 264–265), based on C2–C3, C23); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 265–266), ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- gascar, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Marine species. Found dabra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- in open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs, rine. Juveniles and young adults occur in estuaries, the lower at depths of 1–180 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to reaches of freshwater streams and tidal creeks; adults are Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, often found in groups around coral or rocky reefs; at depths south to Port Hedland/Western Australia, New South Wales/ of 0–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. to Kiribati/Line and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Is- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, lands, south to Derby/Western Australia, New South Wales/ EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Australia, and Tonga, immigrated through the Suez Canal species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation into the eastern Mediterranean. action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Etelis carbunculus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828 – decline. High priority for conservation action. Ruby snapper; Vivaneau rouge (Réunion), vivaneau rubis (France) Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790) – Bengal snapper; Jaune de Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23); côte (Réunion), vivaneau du Bengale (France) listed as Etelis Marshi by Gu é z é & Fo u rm a n o i r (1960: 8, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 27–32, 19); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 265), based on 35–37, 90) as Lutjanus bengalensis and L. octovittatus; pre- ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. viously listed as Diacope octolineata by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- C23). chelles. Marine species. Found above rock bottoms, at depths Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- of 90–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, rine species. Found over rocky and coral reefs, at depths of fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 61

0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to depths of 0–100 m, juveniles in seagrass beds or mixed sand Sumatera/Indonesia, north to Gulf of Oman. and coral habitats. Outside the area, East Africa east to Kiri- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. bati/Line Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Cale- decline. High priority for conservation action. donia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Twinspot snapper; FIB, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- Vara-vara (Réunion), vivaneau chien rouge (France) stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 90); vation action. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 268), based on MNHN material. Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue-banded Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- snapper, blue-lined snapper; Le petite jaune (Réunion), viva- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs in- neau à raies bleues (France) cluding lagoons, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, East Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, 368); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 271–272), based on north to Ryukyu Islands, south to off northern Western Aus- MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material. tralia, Lord Howe and Austral islands. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–100 m, juveniles in seagrass species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation beds or patch reefs. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion rica east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to off West- as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. ern Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Dory snap- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. per, blackspot snapper; Vivaneau gibelot (France) Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 368) as Lutianus fulviflamma; record confirmed by Fr i c k e Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) (1999: 268–269), based on MNHN material. – Onespot snapper; Vivaneau églefin Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n et al. (1984: gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transi- 2 unnumbered pp.). tional water and marine. Found in coral reefs including shel- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- tered lagoons, estuaries and lower reaches of rivers and dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at streams, at depths of 0–35 m. Outside the area, East Africa depths of 1–60 m, usually close to shelter. Outside the area, east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Is- East Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn, north lands, south to Western Australia and Lord Howe Island. to Ryukyu Islands, south to off northwestern Australia, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Lutjanus fulvus (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Yellow striped snapper, flametail snapper; Dorée Lutjanus notatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – (Réunion), vivaneau queue noire (France) Blue-striped snapper; Jaune de fond (Réunion), vivaneau à Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n et al. (1984: raies bleues (France) 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as Diacope analis and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n & Ta l b o t (1985: D. marginata by Guichenot (1863: C23), and as Lutjanus 62–63); previously listed as Diacope duodecimlineata and vaigiensis by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 12); record con- D. decemlineata by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23), and as Lutjanus firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 269–270), based on MHNRUN and quinquelineatus (non Bloch, 1790) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 33–35, MNHN material. 91); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 273–274), based on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- MHNRUN and MNHN material. gascar. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral and rocky reefs; gascar. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, at juveniles sometimes in estuaries and the lower parts of depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Durban/ freshwater streams; at depths of 0–75 m. Outside the area, South Africa. East Africa east to Kiribati/Line and Marquesas islands, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Norfolk Island and Rapa, introduced to Hawaiian Islands. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Scribbled snapper, speckled snapper; Lèvre de bœuf, bon- homme tombé (Réunion), vivaneau maori (France) Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Humpback snap- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) per; Marie-Therèse (Réunion), vivaneau pagaie (France) as Diacope rivulata and D. albo-guttata. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n et al. (1984: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- 2 unnumbered pp). chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Occa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- sionally encountered in coral reefs or shallow inshore flats; dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at adults on deep coastal slopes, down to 100 m depth, juve- 62 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

niles on shallow algae-reef flats, often near freshwater run- ennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: offs. Outside the area, East Africa east to Palau/Belau and C24); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 276–277), based on Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth MHNRUN and MNHN material. Gulf/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Cale- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- donia and Tonga. chelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, coral reefs, at depths of 5–250 m. Outside the area, East Af- FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. rica east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Japan, south Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. to New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe, Kermadec and Austral islands. Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) – Russell’s snapper; Doret Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, batard (Réunion), vivaneau hublot (France) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- 74); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 275), based on posed for Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive. MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Fresh- Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & water, transitional water and marine. Inhabits offshore coral Valenciennes, 1832) – Ornate jobfish; Vivaneau rayé, cerf reefs and also inshore rocky and coral reefs, at depths of volant (Réunion), colas orné (France) 0–80 m; juveniles in estuaries and lower reaches of freshwa- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) ter streams. Outside the area, East Africa east to Philippines, as Serranus argyro-grammiscus; record confirmed by Fr i c ­ Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western k e (1999: 277), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, chelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms, at EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- depths of 70–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Marshall and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816) – Emperor snapper; Vivaneau Caledonia and Tonga. bourgeois Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- as Diacope sebae. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in Pristipomoides auricilla (Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927) – the vicinity of coral or rocky reefs, often over adjacent sand Goldflag jobfish; Colas drapeau flats and gravel patches, also in deeper water on relatively Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 277), flat bottoms; juveniles frequently commensal with sea ur- based on MHNRUN material. chins. Outside the area, southern Red Sea and East Africa Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine species. east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern Found above rocky bottoms, at depths of 90–360 m. Outside Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New the area, Andaman Sea east to Hawaiian Islands and Rapa, South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valen- ciennes, 1830) – Rosy jobfish, blue-spotted jobfish, crimson Macolor niger (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Black snapper, jobfish; Vivaneau commun, vivaneau blanc (Réunion), colas black-and-white snapper; Vivaneau plate fil (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Serranus fila- (1976: 93). mentosus by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- (1830b: 509–509), and listed as Aprion brevirostris by Va­ chelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer walls of la- l e n c i e n n e s in Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24, nomen nudum) and goon, channel and seaward coral reef slopes, at depths of Bl e e k e r (1874: 90), and Aprion (Aprion) microlepis by 1–90 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Bl e e k e r (1874: 26–27); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Ja- 278), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. pan, south to off northwestern Australia and New Caledo- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine nia. species. Found above rocky bottoms, at depths of 40–400 m. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone islands, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Tonga. action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Paracaesio xanthura (Bleeker, 1869) – Yellowtail blue snapper, able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. yellowtail fusilier; Cendré, batavia noir (Réunion), vivanette queue jaune (France) Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871) – Gold-banded jobfish; Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Colas à bandes dorées 368, 369, 370, 373) as Caesio xanthurus and Aetiasis can- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. tharoides; previously listed as Apsilus fuscus (non Valenci- (2004: 204). fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 63

Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in areas of hard, to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, New rocky and uneven sea floor and steep off islands, schooling, Caledonia and Tonga. at depths of 40–245 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. northern Australia. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Caesio lunaris Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 1830 – Blue fusilier; Caesio à croissant Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ca rp e n t e r (1984: 2 un- Pristipomoides sieboldii (Bleeker, 1854) – Siebold’s jobfish; Vi- numbered pp.). vaneau gris (Réunion), colas lavande (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu é z é & Fo u rm a n o i r dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in schools along (1960: 13–14) as P. Sieboldi; record confirmed by Fr i c k e seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, (1999: 279), based on MNHN material. Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found above north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia rocky bottoms, at depths of 100–360 m. Outside the area, and New Caledonia. Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society is- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, lands, north to southern Japan, south to Arafura Sea off HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Northern Territory/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga, species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Vema Seamount in southeastern Atlantic. action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Caesio teres Seale, 1906 – Beautiful fusilier, yellowtail fusilier; able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Caesio à dos jaune et bleu Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 238). Pristipomoides typus Bleeker, 1852 – Sharptooth jobfish; Viva- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. neau grosse écaille (Réunion), colas dentu (France) Found in schools in lagoons and deep channels of coral and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu é z é & Fo u rm a n o i r rocky reefs, at depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, East Af- (1960: 7, 12, 20–21); western Indian Ocean records need rica east to Kiribati/Line Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to verification. Ogasawara Islands, south to off northwestern Australia and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found above New Caledonia. rocky bottoms, at depths of 40–120 m. Outside the area, East Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Africa east to New Guinea, south to North-West Cape/West- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. ern Australia and New South Wales/Australia. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Caesio xanthonota Bleeker, 1853 – Yellowback fusilier; Caesio à able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. dos jaune Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- 282). ennes, 1830) – Oblique-banded snapper; Jaune de creux, Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. jaune de large, toma, vivaneau rayé (Réunion), colas bag- Found in schools in deep lagoons and seaward coral and nard (France) rocky reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, East Af- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C23) rica east to Indonesia. as Serranus zonatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 279–280), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. chelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms, at depths of 70–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Gymnocaesio gymnoptera (Bleeker, 1856) – Slender fusilier; Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, Fusilier élégant south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. (1976: 93) as G. gymnopterus. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Found in schools along seaward coral reefs, at depths of able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 0–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to eastern Indonesia, Philippines and Fiji, south to Loyalty Is- lands. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, C a e s i o n i d a e – Fusiliers EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Caesio caerulaurea Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Scissor- tailed fusilier; Maquereau (Réunion), caesio azuror Ptercaesio marri Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander (France) & Woods, 1953 – Marr’s fusilier; Fusilier de Marr Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Valenciennes (1830b: 434–437) as C. caerulaureus. 282). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. schools along seaward coral reefs, at depths of 5–50 m. Out- Found in schools around coral and rocky reefs, at depths of side the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Tua- 0–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and motu and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara 64 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Islands, south to southern Indonesia, New Guinea and Ton- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Fresh- ga. water, transitional water and marine. Found on inshore soft Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in estuaries and lower reach- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. es of rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. South Africa to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Ptercaesio tile (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Blue­ Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. streak fusilier, dark-banded fusilier; Fusilier à ligne olive Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ca rp e n t e r (1984: 2 un- FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Key- numbered pp.). stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- vation action. dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in schools around coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–60 m, juveniles in la- goons and on reef flats. Outside the area, East Africa east to L o b o t i d a e – Tripletails Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Aus- Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) – Atlantic tripletail tralia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (2004: 204). HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. rine. Adults found in bays, muddy estuaries and lower reaches of large rivers; offshore often floating near the sur- face in the company of floating objects, occasionally drift- G e r r e i d a e – Pursemouths ing over reefs; juveniles may occur in floating Sargassum and mimic a floating leaf. Outside the area, Mediterranean Gerres filamentosus Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829 – Threadfin Sea, tropical and warm temperate waters of Atlantic Ocean, pursemouth, filamentous mojarra; Blanche fil southwestern Indian Ocean, southern Japan, New Caledonia Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wo o d l a n d (1984a: to Tuvalu. 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 284), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, based on MNHN material. EUT, CON. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. De- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, cline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. transitional water and marine. Adults on shallow soft bot- toms adjacent to coral reefs, also entering lower reaches of rivers and streams, juveniles in estuaries. Outside the area, H a e m u l i d a e – Rubberlips, sweetlips, grunts Red Sea and East Africa east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Diagramma picta (Thunberg, 1792) – Sailfin rubberlip; Dia- Caledonia. gramme voilier Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as D. pictum by Le­ FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Key- t o u r n e u r (1998: 282). The gender of the genus name is stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- feminine, as based on γραμμή (line), not γραμμα (letter), vation action. therefore the species name must be ‘picta’. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) – Longtail silver-biddy; Transitional water and marine. Found on open muddy or Blanche gouvernail silty substrates in protected bays or estuaries, or in shallow Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on MHNRUN and coastal areas and coral or rocky reefs, juveniles are found MNHN material listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 283–284) under the among seagrass. Outside the area, East and South Africa name G. acinaces; listed as G. acinaces by Wo o d l a n d east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan and Oga- (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.). sawara Islands, south to southern Indonesia and New Cale- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- donia. dabra. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Juveniles Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, often in estuaries or lagoons influenced by freshwater; HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. adults prefer shallow water over sandy bottoms, down to Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 50 m depth, from coral reefs to brackish water. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Palau/Belau and Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Black- Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to spotted sweetlips; Gueule pavée (Réunion), diagramme Queens­land/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. moucheté (France) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Key- as Diagramma gaterina; subsequently listed as D. lineatus stone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conser- by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 12). vation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Tran- sitional water and marine. Found on coastal coral reefs, sand Gerres oeyena (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Common silver- bottoms and near estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and biddy, common mojarra; Blanche commune East Africa, Gulf of Oman south to 30°S. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ as G. oyena and G. argyreus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensi- (1999: 284) as G. argyreus, based on MNHN material. Spell- tive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for ing of species name according to Fr i c k e (2008: 35–36). conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 65

Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802) – Harry hotlips; Dia- decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for gramme noire Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 287– 288), based on MNHN material; previously listed as Pseu- dopristipoma nigrus (non Cuvier [ex Mertens] in Cuvier & S p a r i d a e – Seabreams, porgies Valenciennes, 1830) by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Two- Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on coastal bar seabream; Pagre double bande coral reefs, sand bottoms and near estuaries, entering lower Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1995: 223). reaches of rivers and streams, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. the area, East and South Africa east to Caroline and Society Transitional and marine water. Found in coastal waters, islands, north to Taiwan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western mainly around coral reefs; entering estuaries. Outside the Australia and Norfolk Island. area, Red Sea, Persian/Arabian Gulf and East Africa south Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, to Natal/South Africa. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier in Guérin-Méneville, 1828) – action. Painted sweetlips; Perche peinte Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Argyrops filamentosus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) (2004: 204). – Soldier bream; Aigrette (Réunion), spare soldat (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Pagrus fila- rine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, adults mentosus by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1830b: 158– usually under coral heads or in caves, juveniles in shallow 159). lagoons; at depths of 3–50 m. Outside the area, east to Soci- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. ety Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Is- Found on sand bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of land and Rapa. 1–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. action. Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – King soldier- Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger, 1870) – Black sweetlips, bream; Spare royal redlip rubberlips; Diagramme à lèvres rouges Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Ba u c h o t & Sm i t h (1984: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 238). 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 292), Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- based on MHNRUN material. rine species. Found above rocks and corals, and in seagrass Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. areas, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Found over soft bottom, rocks and coral reefs, at depths of East Africa to Transkei/South Africa. 1–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Indonesia, north to South China Sea, south to northern Aus- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. tralia. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Oriental sweetlips; able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Cabot rayé (Réunion), diagramme oriental (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 289– Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes [ex Ehenberg] in Cuvier & Va- 290); previously listed by McKa y (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) lenciennes, 1830) – Santer seabream; Denté nufar as P. orientalis. Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Ba u c h o t & Sm i t h (1984: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- 2 unnumbered pp.). chelles. Marine species. Found above coral reefs or inshore Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- rocky coral reefs, juveniles in the lagoon. Outside the area, ter and marine. Found over rock bottom at depths of 1–100 m; East Africa east to Guam and Society Islands, south to New juveniles in estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Caledonia. Africa south to Cape Province/South Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action.

Pomadasys furcatum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Banded grunt; Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Natal stump- Coin-coin (Réunion), goret à six bandes (France) nose, gold-lined seabream; Gueule pavée (Réunion), sargue Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 290), doré (France) based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously de- Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 92) as Spa­ scribed as Pristipoma anas by Valenciennes (1862: 8). rus sarba; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 294), based on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- MNHN material. rine species. Found inshore, on sandy bottoms near rocks. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Outside the area, South and East Africa. chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found over various Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. substrates, at depths of 0–60 m, often entering estuaries. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to 66 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Aus- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- tralia. chelles. Marine species. Found during the day on sandy Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. ­areas near coral reefs, at night on the reef flat. Outside the Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant area, Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Rhabdosargus thorpei Smith, 1979 – Bigeye stumpnose species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen action. photographed by A. Di r i n g e r on the west coast of La Réunion. Lethrinus crocineus Smith, 1959 – Yellowtail emperor; Em- Distribution. Réunion, Europa Island, Madagascar. Transitional pereur à queue jaune water and marine. Found on coastal reefs, including estuar- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é ies. Outside the area, East and South Africa. (1963: 10). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal waters Medium priority for conservation action. and coral reef areas. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Sri Lanka. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, L e t h r i n i d a e – Emperors EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Yellowspot emperor, glowfish; Petit clair (Réunion), em- Lethrinus harak (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blackspot em- pereur strié (France) peror, thumbprint emperor; Empereur Saint-Pierre Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 295–296), based on 369); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 298), based on MNHN material. MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues, Co- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- mores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on various soft lagoons, on reef flats and in seaward coral and rocky reefs, substrates associated with coral reefs. Outside the area, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Ja- and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Timor Sea/ pan, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, eastern Aus- Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New tralia, Norfolk Island, Tonga and Rapa. Caledonia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action.

Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Sky emperor, ennes, 1830) – Blue-lined large-eye seabream; Capitaine mahsena emperor; Capitaine (Réunion), empereur mahsena (Réunion) (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 239); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: previously described from Réunion as Pentapus curtus by 75). Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C5-C6, C25) and P. dux by Valenciennes Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- (1862: 1203); listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 11) as dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above coral reefs Gymnocranius griseus and G. rivulatus, and by Le t o u r n e u r and adjacent sand and seagrass areas. Outside the area, Red et al. (2004: 204) as G. griseus (non Temminck & Schlegel, Sea and East Africa east to Sri Lanka. 1843); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 296–297), based Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, on MHNRUN and MNHN material. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation chelles. Marine species. Found above offshore coral reefs action. and rock bottom, juveniles inshore in silty areas. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall, Line and Marquesas is- Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, lands, north to southern Japan, south to Coral Bay/Western 1830 – Smalltooth emperor; Gueule de vin (Réunion), em- Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Ton- pereur tidents (France) ga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 91) as Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, Gymnocranius microdon; subsequently listed as Lethrinus EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- conchyliatus (non Smith, 1959) by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. 75); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 299–300), based on MHNRUN material. Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Car- 1830 – Snubnose emperor gados Carajos. Marine species. Found above sandy areas Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes near coral reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1830b: 303–304); subsequently Sea and East Africa east to New Guinea, north to southern listed by Bl e e k e r (1874: 91) as L. mahsenoides (non Valenci- Japan, south to northwestern Australia. ennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830); re- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 297), based on MNHN EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 67

Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Spangled Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- emperor; Capitaine blanc (Réunion), empereur moris gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand (France) and rubble areas near coral and rocky reefs, at depths of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to (1963: 10); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 300), based on Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to MHNRUN material. southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- and Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga, Austral gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- and Gambier islands. cies. Found in coral reefs, lagoons, seagrass beds and coastal Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, sand and rock areas, juveniles also in tidal pools; at depths of EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- 0–75 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- lands, south to New South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe Island. N e m i p t e r i d a e – Butterfly breams, spinecheeks Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Scolopsis frenatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Bridled spinecheek; Mamile de Seychelles Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 303– Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato 1978 – Spotcheek emperor, 304), based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as redgill emperor; Béquine (Réunion), empereur honteux Scolopsides phoeops by Sa u v a g e (1891: 176–177). (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on sand 75). bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Aldabra, Sey- the area, East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago. chelles. Marine species. Found above sand and rubble areas Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, on outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 10–198 m. Outside the EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. area, East Africa east to Wake, Marshall and Marquesas is- Medium priority for conservation action. lands, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/ Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, S c i a e n i d a e – Drums and croakers HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Sciaenops ocellatus (Linné, 1766) – Red drum; Tambour rouge Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & (2004: 204). Valenciennes, 1830 – Variegated emperor; Kaya, baxou Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found (Réunion), empereur bas cou (France) over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and es- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: tuaries, at depths of 0–20 m. Introduced for aquaculture, 369). escaped into natural environment (Le t o u r n e u r et al. 2004: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- 204); not native of Réunion. Outside the area, originally dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sand and sea- western Atlantic, from Massachusetts/USA to northern grass areas near coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the Mexico. area, Malaysia and Indonesia east to Palau/Belau and Tonga, Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species Australia and Queensland/Australia. advisable. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Umbrina canariensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. 1843 – Canary drum; Ombrine bronze Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 304), Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger, 1870 – Yellowlip emperor; based on MNHN material. Empereur bec de cane Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand or mud Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é bottoms on the insular shelf or upper slope. Outside the area, (1963: 10) as L. xanthocheilus. eastern Atlantic from Morocco south to Cape of Good Hope/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- South Africa, western Indian Ocean from South Africa to dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sand and sea- Pakistan. grass areas near coral reefs, at depths of 0–150 m. Outside the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Marquesas EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Row- known. Low priority for conservation action. ley Shoals/Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- P o l y n e m i d a e – Threadfins nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Leptomelanosoma indicum (Shaw, 1804) – Indian threadfin; Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bigeye Barbure indien emperor, bigeye barenose; Gueule pavée (Réunion), empe­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Me n o n & Ba b u Ra o reur bossu (France) (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, (1976: 93). transitional water and marine. Found on inshore mud and 68 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

sand bottoms including tidal pools, estuaries and lower Mulloidichthys pfluegeri (Steindachner, 1900) – Orange goat- reaches of rivers and streams. Outside the area, Pakistan east fish; Capuciva orange to New Guinea, possibly also East Africa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by My e r s (1989: 148) as Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Mulloides pfluegeri; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low 309), based on MNHN material. priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found over sand and limestone adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 30– Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) – Striped threadfin; 110 m. Outside the area, eastern Indonesia east to Hawaiian Barbé, barbue (Réunion), barbure rayé (France) and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24) Tonga. as Polynemus plebeius; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 305–306), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS materi- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. al. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on mud bot- Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – toms from estuaries down to 122 m depth. Outside the area, Dash-and-dot goatfish; Capucin sergent (Réunion), rouget- South and East Africa east to Philippines, Society and Mar- barbet barberin (France) quesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Australia, Port Stephens/New South Wales and Tonga. (1976: 94) as Parupaeneus barberinus; record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Fr i c k e (1999: 310–311), based on LEMUR, MNHN and EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low SMNS material. priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found over sand and rubble adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at M u l l i d a e – Goatfishes depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to south- Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Indian ern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/ Ocean yellowfin goatfish, Indian Ocean flame goatfish; Ca- Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. pucin queue jaune Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. Taxonomic decision of the present paper (due to HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. fewer gill rakers than Pacific Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. and different juvenile colour pattern), and new record from Réunion, based on MNHN, SMNS and USNM material Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – White- listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 309) as Mulloidichthys vanicolensis; saddle goatfish previously listed as Mulloides vanicolensis (non Valenci- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 313), ennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) by Ku m a r a n & Ra n ­ based on MNHN and SMNS material; previously listed as d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). Upeneus chryseredros by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. (1829a: 470–472, part), and as U. cyprinoides by Gu i c h e n o t Found over reef flats and sand adjacent to coral or rocky (1863: C24). reefs, at depths of 0–110 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Africa east to western Indonesia. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, in seagrass beds, lagoons, and seaward coral reefs, at depths HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. of 1–91 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Is- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. lands and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan, south to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Aus- Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) tralia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. – Yellowstripe goatfish; Capucin (Réunion), capuciva à Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, bande jaune (France) HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Valenciennes (1829a: 456–459) as Upeneus flavolineatus; subsequently listed as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369, Yellowsaddle goatfish; Capucin malbar (Réunion), rouget- 373); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 307–309), based barbet doré (France) on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM mate- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ku m a r a n & Ra n d a l l rial. (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as P. chrysere- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Europa Island, dros by Bl e e k e r (1874: 80); record of P. cyclostomus con- Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found over firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 313–314), based on LEMUR, sand adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–35 m. ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found southern Japan, south to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf/Western on coral, rocky, or rubble bottoms of reef flats, lagoons, and Australia, New South Wales/Australia at 36°S, Lord Howe seaward reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Island and Rapa. Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Line islands Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Point HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Quobba/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Rapa. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 69

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on various Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. substrates associated with coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–46 m. Outside the area, East Africa, Andaman Sea east to *Parupeneus diagonalis Randall, 2004 – Diagonal goatfish; Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Rouget-barbet diagonal southern Japan, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Ra n d a l l New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and (2004: 25, fig. 5, pl. IV B). Rapa. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, close to coral reefs. Endemic to Réunion. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. High priority for conservation *Parupeneus posteli Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967 – Postel’s goat- action. fish; Rouget-barbet de Postel Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) – Redspot goatfish, & Gu é z é (1967: 47–49). cinnabar goatfish; Rouget-barbet cinnabare Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 315); close to reefs, at depths of 150–250 m. Endemic to Réunion. previously listed as P. cinnabarinus by Ku m a r a n & Ra n ­ Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- ties. Keystone species. Decline unknown. High priority for rine species. Found over muddy, sandy, rubble, or seagrass conservation action. bottoms of lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 12– 100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Parupeneus rubescens (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Ja- Blacksaddle goatfish, rosy goatfish; Rouget-barbet sellé pan, south to Western Australia and Lord Howe Island. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma u g é & Gu é z é (1984: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 498–502) as Mullus rubescens; record confirmed by Fr i c k e HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (1999: 318), based on MNHN material. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms Parupeneus indicus (Shaw [ex Russell], 1803) – Indian goatfish; near coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the Rouget-barbet indien area, Red Sea, East Africa and Mossel Bay/South Africa east Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 80); to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 315), based on MNHN Australia. material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. rine species. Found on sandy or silty areas of coastal and Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. inner lagoon coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Out- side the area, South and East Africa east to Marshall and Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Austral islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- Two-barred goatfish; Capucin (Réunion), rouget-barbet lands, south to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf/Western Australia, double-tache (France) Queensland/Australia and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma u g é & Gu é z é (1984: Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, 491) as Mullus trifasciatus; previously listed by Cu v i e r in EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1829a: 468–470) as M. bifasciatus; nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 311–312) as Parupeneus bifasciatus, but with discussion that P. trifasciatus would be Parupeneus macronemus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – the valid name due to selection by Gü n t h e r (1859: 407–408) Longbarbel goatfish, band-dot goatfish; Rouget-barbet ban- who acted as the first reviser; based on LEMUR, ­MHNRUN, deau MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision based here Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 80) as on prevailing usage. P. macronema; previously listed as Upeneus lateristriga by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Juve- 315–317), based on LEMUR and MNHN material. niles are found on the reef flat, adults around steep slopes of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- coral or rocky reefs at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area, gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand South and East Africa east to western Indonesia. bottoms adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Philippines and New Guinea. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- *Upeneus mascareinsis Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967 – Mascarene nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. goatfish; Rouget-barbet des Mascareines Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831) – Blackspot goatfish, & Gu é z é (1967: 50–51). Also MHNRUN material (Du r v i l l e sidespot goatfish; Rouget-barbet pastille et al. submitted). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ku m a r a n & Ra n d a l l Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms. (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Endemic to Réunion. (1999: 317), based on BPBM and MNHN material. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, 70 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

HAB, EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human chelles. Marine species. Found in large schools under over- activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation hanging corals and in caves of the coral reef, at depths of action. 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa, south to New South Wales/Australia. Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 – Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Sunrise goatfish; Rouget souris aurore EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sa u v a g e (1891: 217– able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 218) as Upeneoides sulphureus. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Pempheris nesogallica Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 Transitional water and marine. Found on inshore soft bot- – Mauritius sweeper toms at depths of 0–90 m, enters estuaries. Outside the area, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- southern Red Sea and East Africa east to Philippines and lected during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Joseph Bonaparte reef, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u ). Re- Gulf/Western Australia and New Caledonia. ported by authors as Pempheris vanicolensis (non Cuvier in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831). Taxonomic decision of He e m ­ HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. s tr a & He e m s tr a (2004: 327). Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- al reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Endemic to the western Mas- Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Yellow-banded carenes. goatfish, striped goatfish; Rouget souris orangé Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); EUT. Regional importance. Sensitive to human activities. subsequently listed as U. tragula (non Richardson, 1846) by Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53); record of U. vittatus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 319–320), based on MNHN material. Pempheris oualensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 – Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Bronze sweeper chelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n inshore soft bottoms at depths of 0–90 m, enters estuaries. (1976: 94); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 321), based on Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to SMNS material. Marshall, Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New Caledo- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in large nia and Tonga. schools under overhanging corals and in caves of lagoon and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–36 m. Outside the area, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Red Sea, East and South Africa to Line and Marquesas is- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. lands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rottnest Island/ Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, P e m p h e r i d a e – Sweepers EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 – Slender sweeper, pygmy sweeper Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855 – Blackstripe sweeper Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 320). Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- lected during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral rine species. Found in large schools under overhanging cor- reef, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u ). als and in caves of the coral reef, at depths of 0.5–72 m. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Fresh Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to water, transitional water and marine. Found in coral and Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to rocky reefs, hiding in caves during the day; also entering Western Australia and Lord Howe Island. estuaries and freshwater streams; at depths of 0–40 m. Out- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, side the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga, north to EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Penghu Islands. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Pempheris adusta Bleeker, 1877 – Dusky sweeper Low priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 84). Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in K y p h o s i d a e – Sea chubs large schools under overhanging corals and in caves of coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Grey ­Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to New Guinea. chub, brown chub Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 322– EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- 323), based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Pimelepterus fuscus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 94). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Pempheris mangula Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829 – Black-edged gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water sweeper around exposed seaward coral reefs. Outside the area, Red Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 54, Sea, East Africa and Cape of Good Hope/South Africa east 84). to western Indonesia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 71

HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone rine. Found in bays, estuaries, tidal creeks, and lower reach- species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation es of freshwater streams, occasionally in silty coastal reefs. action. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Caroline and Mariana islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue sea- Islands, south to Port Hedland/Western Australia, Austra- chub, lowfin rudderfish lian Capital Territory at Jervis Bay/Australia and New Cale- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n donia. (1976: 92); previously described as Pimelepterus altipinnis Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIB, by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1831: 270–273), and CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sta- by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C7–C8) as P. altipinnoides; record con- ble populations. Medium priority for conservation action. firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 323–324), based on MNHN mate- rial. Taxonomic decision of and neotype designation for Monodactylus falciformis Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Sciaena cinerascens Forsskål by Sa k a i & Na k a b o (2006: Cape moony, full moony; Lune pleine 338–348); see also Fr i c k e (2008: 44). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- (1867: IX); previously listed as Psettus Commersonii by gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found over hard bottoms Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26). covered with algae, on exposed reef flats and seaward coral Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. reefs, at depths of 0–24 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in bays, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Easter islands, north estuaries, tidal creeks, and lower reaches of freshwater to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe streams, occasionally in silty coastal reefs. Outside the area, and Austral islands. Red Sea and East Africa south to Cape Province/South Af- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, rica. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action.

Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Brassy chub Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n C h a e t o d o n t i d a e – Butterflyfishes (1976: 94); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 324), based on MHNRUN material. Chaetodon auriga Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Threadfin but- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found over terflyfish hard bottoms covered with algae, on exposed reef flats and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 95) as seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–24 m. Outside Tetragonoptrus auriga; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa to Hawaiian, Line 326–327), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and and Marquesas islands, north to central Japan, south to SMNS material. Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, northern Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- New Zealand, Tonga and Rapa. dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in live and dead Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, coral reef and lagoon habitats, also on rocky reefs, at depths HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. of 0–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. east to Hawaiian and northern Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec is- D r e p a n i d a e – Sicklefishes lands, and Rapa. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) – Spotted sicklefish Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma u g é (1984b: 2 un- ority for conservation action. numbered pp.); record confirmed by Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 212). Chaetodon blackburnii Desjardins in Liénard, 1836 – Black- Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found in burn’s butterflyfish, brownburnie various inshore habitats: sand or mud bottoms, reefs, estuar- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n ies and harbours, at depths of 1–49 m. Outside the area, east (1976: 94) as C. blackburni; record confirmed by Fr i c k e to Philippines, north to southern Japan. (1999: 327–328), based on BPBM and MNHN material. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to rine species. Found on outer coral reef slopes with moderate human activities. High priority for conservation action. coral growth, also on rocky reefs, at depths of 5–30 m. Out- side the area, East and South Africa (Kenya to 33°S). Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, M o n o d a c t y l i d a e – Moonies EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Silver moony, mono, Natal moony; Poisson lune argenté Chaetodon dolosus Ahl, 1923 – African butterflyfish, black- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 94); edged butterflyfish; Chétodon à demi-deuil previously listed as Psettus rhombeus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: C26); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 324–325), based on 282); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 328), based on MNHN material. MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- rine species. Found on deep offshore reefs over rocks and 72 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

coral rubble, at depths of 40–200 m. Outside the area, East EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Africa from Somalia south to Natal/South Africa. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Racoon um priority for conservation action. butterflyfish, halfmoon butterflyfish; Chétodon à croissant Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25, Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett, 1833 – Peppered butterfly- C26) as C. lunula, C. biocellatus and C. maculatus; subse- fish, spotted butterflyfish, gorgeous gussy; Chétodon quently listed as Tetragonoptrus fasciatus (non Forsskål in moucheté Niebuhr, 1775) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 95); record confirmed by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Fr i c k e (1999: 332–333), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, (1976: 94); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 329–330), MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. based on BPBM and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on reef flats in lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, between live Acropora corals in lagoon and seaward reefs, at including tidal pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Durban/South Africa east to Christmas Island (eastern In- Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, dian Ocean), Sri Lanka and Andaman Sea coast of Thai- New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. land. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe um priority for conservation action. decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl, 1923 – Pearly butterflyfish; Chétodon de Madagascar Chaetodon interruptus Ahl, 1923 – Teardrop butterflyfish, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992, limespot butterflyfish; Chétodon à tache de citron unpag. 4); previously listed as C. chrysurus (non Bloch & Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 337– Schneider, 1801) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 94); record con- 338), based on BPBM and MNHN material; previously listed firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 333–334), based on LEMUR and as C. unimaculatus (non Bloch, 1787) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n MNHN material. (1976: 95). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on outer seaward gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found from coral reef coral and rocky reef habitats, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside flats down to deep slopes. Outside the area, South and East the area, South and East Africa east to Cocos-Keeling and Africa east to western Indonesia. Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean), north to Sri Lan- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, ka. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action. Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790 – Klein’s butterflyfish, white- spotted butterflyfish; Papillon (Réunion) Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Black-backed Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 95) as butterflyfish; Chétodon à dos noir Tetragonoptrus Kleini; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n 330–331), based on LEMUR and MNHN material. (1976: 95) as C. melanotus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- (1999: 334), based on LEMUR and SMNS material. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 2–61 m. Outside chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral- the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, rich areas of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south Tonga. to Kimberleys/Western Australia and New South Wales/ Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Australia. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe de- cline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in Cuvier & Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. Valenciennes, 1831 – Lined butterflyfish; Chétodon linéolé Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992, Chaetodon meyeri Schneider [ex Renard] in Bloch & Schneider, unpag. 4); record confirmed by Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 1801 – Meyer’s butterflyfish, scrawled butterflyfish 204). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- (1976: 95). chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 2–25 m. Outside Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Marque- the area, East Africa east to Caroline, Line and Phoenix is- sas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Aus- lands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Austra- tralia, Lord Howe and Gambier islands. lia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 73

PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett, 1833 – Yellowhead butter- decline. High priority for conservation action. flyfish; Chétodon à tête jaune Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Chaetodon mitratus Günther, 1860 – Indian butterflyfish (1976: 95); C. nigripinnatus Liénard [ex Desjardins], 1836 Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1979: 206– (Li é n a r d 1836: 57, holotype: NHMI uncat., dry specimen) is 207); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 335), based on a junior synonym; record of C. xanthocephalus confirmed MNHN material. by Fr i c k e (1999: 340), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Amirantes, Cosmoledo. Ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- rine species. Found on steep outer reef drop-offs in rubble dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found around isolated areas or among groups of black corals and sea fans, at depths coral heads, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths of of 30–70 m. Outside the area, Chagos, Maldives, Cocos- 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa (Somalia to 30°S) east Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean). to Chagos Archipelago and Sri Lanka. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low um priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action.

Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Chevroned but- Chaetodon zanzibarensis Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867 terflyfish, rightangle butterflyfish – Zanzibar butterflyfish; Chétodon de Zanzibar Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 340), (1976: 95); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 336), based on based on an underwater observation in 1995. LEMUR and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found cies. Found associated with Acropora or Goniopora thickets in shallow lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral reefs, at in coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, East depths of 0–30 m; associated with Acropora corals. Outside Africa (Somalia to 30°S) east to Chagos Archipelago. the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to northern Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Line and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to PRL, HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Austra- Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. lia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL, Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor in Jordan & Ever- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant mann, 1898 – Long-nosed butterflyfish; Papillon longnez decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 239); Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 341), based on USNM material. Chaetodon trifasciatus Park, 1797 – Redfin butterflyfish, purple Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- butterflyfish, melon butterflyfish chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and exposed sea- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n ward coral reefs, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths (1976: 95); previously listed as Tetragonoptrus vittatus by of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Bl e e k e r (1874: 95); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 336– tropical eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan, south to 337), based on LEMUR and SMNS material. Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, rich lagoons and semi-protected seaward coral reefs, at EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa priority for conservation action. east to Sumatera and Java (Indonesia). The species is re- placed in the western Pacific by Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet, 1782) & Gaimard, 1825. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: (1963: 14). PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. decline. High priority for conservation action. Found on seaward coral reefs, at depths of 3–70 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 – Vagabond butterfly- Group, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Aus- fish; Chétodon à vagabond tralia, Queensland/Australia, and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: as C. vagabundus and C. mesogallicus; record confirmed by PRL, HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Fr i c k e (1999: 338–339), based on LEMUR, MNHN and Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett, 1831) – Black pyramid but- dabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found on terflyfish, brushtooth butterflyfish coral and rocky reefs, including areas with freshwater run- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 239); off, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 342), based on MNHN Africa east to Marshall, northern Line and Tuamotu islands, material. north to southern Japan, south to Kimberleys/Western Aus- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- tralia, Lord Howe and Austral islands. chelles. Marine species. Found in open water off coral or Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT. rocky reef edges, at depths of 1–35 m. Outside the area, Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- East Africa east to Andaman Sea, north to India, south to ority for conservation action. 28°S. 74 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, P o m a c a n t h i d a e – Angelfishes EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. *Apolemichthys guezei (Randall & Maugé, 1978) – Réunion an- gelfish Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Coachman, longfin Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & bannerfish; Pavillon (Réunion) Ma u g é (1978: 298–302) as Holacanthus guezei; record con- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 345), based on BPBM and MNHN (1963: 14); previously listed as H. macrolepidotus by material. Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in deeper coral 342–344), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM mate- reef habitats, at depths of 60–80 m. Endemic to Réunion. rial. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, EUT. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Sig- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- in deep, protected lagoons and channels, and outer coral or posed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. rocky reef slopes, at depths of 2–178 m. Outside the area, East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Wake and Tuamotu is- Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier [ex Lacepède] in Cuvier & lands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Valenciennes, 1831) – Threespot angelfish, flagfin angel- and Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands. fish; Poisson-ange à trois taches Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- as Holacanthus trimaculatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. (1999: 345–346), based on MHNRUN and MNHN materi- al. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903 – Schooling bannerfish, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. schooling coachman Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reef habitats, at Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 344). depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Mar- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found along shall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, outer coral or rocky reef slopes, in current channels, at south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New depths of 15–210 m; juveniles shallower, in aggregations Caledonia. around isolated patch reefs, adults in large schools well Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: PRL, above the bottom. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and cline. Low priority for conservation action. Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia and Kermadec Islands. Apolemichthys xanthurus (Bennett, 1833) – Indian yellowtail Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. angelfish Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 346). able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in coral-rich reef habitats, at depths of 3–20 m. Out- Heniochus monoceros Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 side the area, India, Maldives and Sri Lanka. – Masked bannerfish, masked coachman; Pavillon (Réunion), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, hénioche cornu (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26); Medium priority for conservation action. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 344–345), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS material. Centropyge acanthops (Norman, 1922) – African pygmy angel- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- fish, jumping bean, orangeback angelfish dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and sea- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: ward coral or rocky reefs with rich coral growth, at depths of unpag. 4). 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Is- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Car- lands and Henderson/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Ja- gados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral rubble areas pan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk and Gambier is- adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 6–40 m. Outside the area, lands. East and South Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archi- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT. Sen- pelago. sitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. Prognathodes guezei (Maugé & Bauchot, 1976) – Guézé’s but- terflyfish; Chétodon à demi-deuil Centropyge bispinosa (Günther, 1860) – Coral beauty Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Ma u g é & Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Ba u c h o t (1976: 89–100) as Chaetodon guezei. Also (1976: 94) as C. bispinnosus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e ­MHNRUN material (Du r v i l l e et al. submitted). (1999: 347) as C. diacanthus [which was replaced as a sec- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. ondary homonym of Chaetodon diacanthus Boddaert, 1782 Found on deep reefs. Endemic to volcanic islands in the by Gü n t h e r (1860: 48, 516), and is invalid according to Art. southwestern Indian Ocean. 59.3 of the ICZN Code], based on BPBM material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT. Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities un- gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on steep outer coral known. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conserva- or rocky reef slopes, at depths of 5–45 m. Outside the area, tion action. East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 75

Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- and Tonga. gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Juve- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, niles found in tidal pools, semi-protected channels and on EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- outer reef flats; adults under ledges and in caves of coral- um priority for conservation action. rich lagoon and seaward reefs; at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, Centropyge debelius Pyle, 1990 – Blue Mauritius angelfish north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by De b e l i u s (1993: 166); South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. previously listed by Ra n d a l l (1982: 205) as C. interruptus Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ (non Tanaka, 1918); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 346– t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 208). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive 347), based on MNHN material. to human activities. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species. Reintroduction into suitable habitats might be considered Found in seaward slopes of coral reefs, at depths of 46–90 m. under scientific guidance. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. P e n t a c e r o t i d a e – Armourheads Decline unknown. High priority for conservation action. Histiopterus typus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 – Sailfin ar- Centropyge multispinis (Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867) mourhead – Dusky angelfish, dusky cherub Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 351), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 239); based on MNHN material. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 348), based on BPBM Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on deep material. rocky reefs, at depths of 40–400 m. Outside the area, Red Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines and New Brit- dabra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine ain/Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to species. Found in coral-rich and coral rubble areas of lagoon northern Australia. and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, area, Natal/South Africa and East Africa east to Andaman EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- Sea. known. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Pentaceros capensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 – um priority for conservation action. Cape armourhead Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Genicanthus caudovittatus (Günther, 1860) – Zebra angelfish, (2004: 204), based on MNHN material. swallowtail angelfish Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep rocky Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 348), reefs, at depths of 70–300 m. Outside the area, southeastern based on MNHN material. Atlantic and temperate southwestern Indian Ocean. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, rine species. Found in seaward coral reefs, at depths of 30– EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- 200 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east known. Medium priority for conservation action. to Maldives. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. C i r r h i t i d a e – Hawkfishes Medium priority for conservation action. Amblycirrhitus bimacula (Jenkins, 1903) – Twospot hawkfish Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) – Emperor angelfish; Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens Poisson-ange impérial observed during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Ch a b a ­ (1976: 95); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 349), based on n e t ). MHNRUN and MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Car- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive in coral and rocky gascar, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and South species. Juveniles found in semi-protected channels and on Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan. outer reef flats; adults under ledges and in caves of coral- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rich lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs; at depths of EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Prob- 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Ja- pan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Cirrhitichthys guichenoti (Sauvage, 1880) – Guichenot’s hawk- Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands. fish; Niche-madame (Réunion) Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Sa u v a g e EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low (1880: 221–222) as Cirrhites Guichenoti; previously listed as priority for conservation action. Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (non Bleeker, 1855) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); subsequently listed as Cirrhitichthys aprinus Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) by Bl e e k e r 1831) – Semicircle angelfish; Poisson-ange bleu (1874: 93). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- (1976: 95). rine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, asso- 76 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

ciated with live corals, at depths of 20–260 m. Endemic to Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857 – Longnose hawkfish islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 355), Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: based on MNHN material. HOS, HAB, EUT. Local importance. Rare. Very sensitive to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. human activities. Severe decline. High priority for conserva- Found on steep outer coral reef slopes exposed to strong cur- tion action. rents where it lives on large gorgonians and black corals, at depths of 10–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Sey- Cirrhitops fasciatus Bennett, 1828 – Redbar hawkfish chelles east to Panama, north to southern Japan, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. 282) as Cirrhitus fasciatus; previously listed as Cirrhites Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, cinctus by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369); record confirmed by HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable Fr i c k e (1999: 352–353), based on BPBM and MNHN mate- decline. Medium priority for conservation action. rial. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier [ex Parkinson] in Cuvier & Valen- Found in seaward coral reefs in areas of moderate to ciennes, 1829) – Arc-eye hawkfish, horseshoe hawkfish rich coral growth, at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 93); southern Japan; Hawaiian Islands. Anti-equatorial and east- record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 355–356), based on west disjunct distribution according to Ra n d a l l (1982: 424– ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. 425). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda­ Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: bra. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs, at HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe depths of 1–33 m, on heads of small branching corals includ- decline. High priority for conservation action. ing Stylophora, Pocillopora, Acropora. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) – north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk Stocky hawkfish; Domingue (Réunion) Island and Rapa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: (1963: 11) as Cirrhitus pinnulatus; previously listed as HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe ­Cirrhites maculatus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24), and as decline. High priority for conservation action. ­Cirrhites marmoratus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 93); record con- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 353–354), based on MHNRUN ma- Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – terial. Freckled hawkfish, blackside hawkfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 93) as gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in rocky P. Forsteri; previously recorded as Cirrhites pantherinus by and coral reefs exposed to moderate to strong surge, at Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Hawaiian 356–357), based on MNHN material. Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Kermadec Islands and Rapa. dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, in lagoon and seaward reefs at depths of 1–33 m, among EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low outer branches of Stylophora, Pocillopora or Acropora cor- priority for conservation action. als. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawai- ian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, Cristacirrhitus punctatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, 1829 – Black-spotted hawkfish Lord Howe and Austral islands. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1866b) as Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Cirrhites punctatus. HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. decline. High priority for conservation action. Found on coral or rocky reefs in shallow waters. Outside the area, South Africa to Mozambique. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, C i c h l i d a e – Cichlids EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- cline. High priority for conservation action. Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867) – Convict cichlid Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Archocentrus nigrofas- Cyprinocirrhites polyactis (Bleeker, 1875) – Swallowtail hawk- ciatus by Va l a d e (2008: 5). fish Distribution. Réunion. Introduced. Freshwater. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n originally Pacific slope of Central America. Introduced (1976: 97); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 354–355), worldwide into tropical freshwater habitats. based on MNHN and SAIAB material. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native. rine species. Found on steep slopes of coral or rocky reefs, and around small coral heads exposed to currents, at depths Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger, 1912) – Longfin tilapia of 10–132 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ke i t h et al. (1999: Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, 102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other intro- northern New Zealand and Tonga. duced cichlid species see Ke i t h et al. (1999: 102). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956 HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (Ke i t h et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water. Medium priority for conservation action. Outside the area, originally western Africa in Kafue, upper fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 77

Zambezi, and Congo River systems. Widely introduced into dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon tropical freshwater habitats. and outer coral reefs exposed to mild or moderate surge. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Outside the area, East Africa east to Line and Gambier is- scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native. lands, north to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) – Mozambique tilapia Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ke i t h et al. (1999: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- 102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other intro- um priority for conservation action. duced cichlid species see Ke i t h et al. (1999: 102). Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956 Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – (Ke i t h et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water. Scissortail sergeant, stripetail damsel Outside the area, originally southeastern and southern Afri- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é ca. Introduced worldwide into tropical freshwater habitats. (1963: 13); previously listed as Glyphisodon celestinus by Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native. 365), based on MHNRUN and USNM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Nile tilapia; Lapia, gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on in- petit lapia (Réunion), tilapia (France) shore and offshore coral reefs and reef flats, including la- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: goon habitats, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea 30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 362), based on and East Africa east to Marquesas and Gambier islands, MNHN material. Discussion about hybridisation with three north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New other introduced cichlid species see Ke i t h et al. (1999: 102). South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956 Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (Ke i t h et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Outside the area, originally Nile River and adjacent water- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. sheds. Introduced worldwide into tropical fresh and brackish water habitats. Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blackspot Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation sergeant, spot damsel scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as Glyphisodon sordidus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) – Redbelly tilapia 366), based on SMNS and USNM material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ke i t h et al. (1999: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other intro- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in rocky duced cichlid species see Ke i t h et al. (1999: 102). lagoons, dead coral, reef flat shorelines and piers subject to Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956 mild surge; juveniles are common in tide pools; at depths of (Ke i t h et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water. 0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Outside the area, originally northern and western Africa Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, northeast to Jordan system. Introduced worldwide into trop- south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, ical freshwater habitats. Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT. scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species. Stable populations. Medium priority for conservation ac- tion. P o m a c e n t r i d a e – Damselfishes Abudefduf sparoides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – False-eye ser- Abudefduf margariteus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) geant, false-eye damsel – Pearly sergeant Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as Glyphisodon sparoides; record confirmed by Fr i c k e as Glyphisodon margariteus; subsequently described as (1999: 366–368), based on LEMUR, SMNS and USNM ma- Glyhidodon rhyncholepis by Bl e e k e r (1869: 230–232); re- terial. cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 363–364), based on ­RMNH, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- SMNS and USNM material. gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on rocky and coral Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. reefs including reef flats and tidal pools, at depths of 0–6 m. Found on rocky and coral reefs in shallow water, including Outside the area, Kenya south to Natal/South Africa. the reef flat and tidal pools. Endemic to Mascarenes. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Sig- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- posed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Indo-Pacific sergeant Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53); 1830) – Banded sergeant, sevenbar damsel; Sergent-major listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 95) as A. saxatilis (non Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Linnaeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 368), (1976: 95) as A. septemfasciatus and A. saxatilis (non Lin- based on SMNS material. naeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 364), based Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on on MHNRUN and USNM material. inshore rocky reefs and lagoons and outer reef slopes, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Sa- 78 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

moa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Walters Shoal. Marine spe- Australia, New South Wales/Australia, and northern New cies. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 40–80 m. Outside the Zealand. area, Red Sea and East Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. action. Chromis chrysura (Bliss, 1883) – Stout-body chromis Amphiprion allardi Klausewitz, 1970 – Twobar anemonefish, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 64); re- Allard’s anemonefish cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 370–371), based on BPBM Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 368– material. Also MHNRUN material. 369); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as A. trifas- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. ciatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830), and by Found in outer coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 6–45 m. Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 13) as A. polymnus (non Lin- Outside the area, east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern naeus, 1758). Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia and New Cale- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- donia. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoons and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, outer coral reefs, associated with anemones, at depths of EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa south to Durban/South able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Africa. Endemic to southwestern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, Chromis dimidiata (Klunzinger, 1871) – Chocolate dip HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Low priority for conservation action. (1976: 96); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 371), based on BPBM material. Amphiprion chrysogaster Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 1830 – Mauritian anemonefish gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in la- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: goon and seaward coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–36 m. 282). Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Af- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- rica east to Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (eastern In- rine species. Found in lagoons and outer coral or rocky reefs, dian Ocean). associated with anemones, at depths of 0–40 m. Endemic to Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Chromis leucura Gilbert, 1905 – Whitetail chromis Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 72). Chromis agilis Smith, 1960 – Reef chromis, agile chromis Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & rine species. Found on outer coral or rocky reefs, at depths of Valenciennes (1830a: 400–401); record confirmed by ­Fr i c k e 20–119 m. Outside the area, Hawaiian, Marquesas and Gam- (1999: 369–370), based on MNHN material. bier islands, Ryukyu Islands, eastern Indonesia, New Cale- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in clear lagoons donia. and seaward reefs, near branching corals, often associated Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, with caves and ledges, at depths of 1–65 m. Outside the area, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Ogasawara Islands, south to Elizabeth Reef, Tonga and Ra- pa. Chromis nigrura Smith, 1960 – Blacktail chromis Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 240); EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 372), based on BPBM able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951 – Black-axil gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on the outer reef, in chromis coral-rich areas, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 370), ­Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to Maldives and based on SMNS material. Chagos Archipelago. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS, rine species. Found in clear lagoons, passages and seaward HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. coral reefs, around thick packages of live or dead corals, at Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. depths of 0–29 m. Outside the area, Maldives east to Tua- motu and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Chromis opercularis (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867) – Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Doublebar chromis Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- lected during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, in 2004 nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Ch a b a n e t ). Listed from Réunion as Chromis cf. opercularis by Ha rm e l i n -­ Chromis axillaris (Bennett, 1831) – Grey chromis Vi v i e n (1976: 96). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on mitted), based on MHNRUN material. reef slopes, at depths of 4–40 m. Outside the area, East and fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 79

South Africa east to Andaman Sea and Christmas Island Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (eastern Indian Ocean). EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Chrysiptera annulata (Peters, 1855) – Footballer demoiselle Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 90). Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) – Golden chromis, blue- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- green chromis chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and inshore sea- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: grass and sand flats adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 282); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 96) as C. 0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Durban/ caeruleus and C. simulans (non Smith, 1960). South Africa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rine species. Found around branching corals in clear lagoon EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. reefs and outer reef slopes, at depths of 1–36 m. Outside the Medium priority for conservation action. area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Mariana Islands, Sa- moa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828) – Surge demoiselle, Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. blueribbon demoiselle Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Abudefduf biocellatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), A. xan- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. thozonus, and A. zonatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenci- ennes, 1830) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 95), and as Chrysi­ Chromis viridis Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenci- ptera leucopoma by Fr i c k e (1999: 375–376), based on SMNS ennes, 1830 – Green chromis, blue-green chromis; Petit ca- material. fre (Réunion), demoiselle bleue (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on rub- 109); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25) as Helias- ble-strewn surge channels, the outermost reaches of exposed tes cinerascens (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, reef flats, and the upper submarine terrace, at depths of 1830); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 373–374), based 0–12 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Wake and Mar- on MHNRUN and SMNS material. quesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Australia, New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and gascar. Marine species. Found in large aggregations above Austral Islands. thickets of branching Acropora corals in sheltered areas of Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. subtidal reef flats and lagoons, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Mar- unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. quesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Middleton Reef, New Caledonia and Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Tonga. Grey demoiselle, blue damsel Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (1976: 95) as Abudefduf glaucus; record confirmed by ­Fr i c k e Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. (1999: 374–375), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 – Weber’s chromis Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen dabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found observed during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, among rubble or consolidated reef rock of exposed intertidal in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Ch a b a ­ reef flats and sandy beaches, subject to mild surge; also near n e t ). freshwater run-offs, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands. South and East Africa east to Wake, Line and Gambier is- Marine species. Found on reef slopes, at depths of 3–40 m. lands, north to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa to the Line Is- Howe Island, and Tonga. lands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Prob- unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854) – Paletail chromis, variable 1830) – Onespot demoiselle chromis Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 376), based on 282) as C. xanthurus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. 374), based on BPBM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found above steep outer Found solitarily or in small groups among coastal algal coral or rocky reef slopes and shallow coastal reef flats, reefs, rubble or over open beach-rock of reef flats exposed to sometimes forming large aggregations feeding on zooplank- moderate surge, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, Red ton several metres above the bottom, at depths of 3–40 m. Sea, East Africa and Oman east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Outside the area, Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia. (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Pitcairn Group, north to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. ity for conservation action. 80 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Humbug dascyllus, zebra Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839) – Narrowbar damsel, humbug, whitetail dascyllus Dick’s damsel, blackbar devil Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 376–378), based on (1976: 95); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 379–380), ­LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. based on BPBM, LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Cargados Carajos, Sey- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral- chelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon and sub- rich and surge areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, com- tidal reef flats, forming large aggregations above staghorn monly associated with Pocillopora or Acropora corals, at Acropora thickets or smaller groups above isolated coral depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa heads, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and east to Wake, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to East Africa east to Wake, Marquesas and Gambier islands, southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Is- north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord land, and Tonga. Howe Island and Rapa. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. action. Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (Sauvage in Vaillant & Sau- vage, 1875) – Brighteye damsel, stop-start damsel Dascyllus carneus Fischer, 1885 – Twobar humbug, cloudy das- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n cyllus (1976: 95) as Abudefduf imparipennis; record confirmed by a n d a l l l l e n Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R & A Fr i c k e (1999: 380), based on SMNS material. (1977: 368–372). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Car- chelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich and surge areas gados Carajos, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine spe- of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, commonly associated with cies. Found among branching corals on inshore and offshore Pocillopora or Acropora corals, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside reefs, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths of 4–40 m. the area, South and East Africa east to Minami-tori-shima, Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Andaman Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Is- and Java seas. lands, south to Western Australia and Austral Islands. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for decline. High priority for conservation action. Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball, 1924 – John- Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) – Domino, threespot ston damsel, widebar damsel dascyllus; Demoiselle à trois taches Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é unpag. 5); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 96) (1963: 14). as P. nitidus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 381), based Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- on BPBM, LEMUR and SMNS material. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, juveniles often species. Found in inner to outer reef crests in rich coral commensal with large sea anemones, sea urchins, or small habitat, frequently associated with Acropora, Stylophora, or coral heads; at depths of 0–55 m. Outside the area, Red Pocillopora coral heads, at depths of 0–18 m. Outside the Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Austral is- Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. lands. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone decline. High priority for conservation action. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – White-spotted devil Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & observed during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral Valenciennes, 1830) – Bowtie damselfish reef, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Ch a ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. b a n e t ). (2004: 204). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. 298871 and USNM 346039), Madagascar, Amirantes, Far- Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs and quhar Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in usually associated with soft corals on which it feeds, at coral reefs, in areas with mixed coral and rubble or dead depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa coral rocks, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands, and East Africa to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to south to northern Australia. Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Prob- decline. High priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 81

Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis (Schultz, 1943) – Phoenix Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- devil posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Plectroglyphidodon phoenixiensis by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 164); record verified Pomacentrus trichrourus Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867 through a specimen collected during a visual census, on the – Yellowtail damsel, paletail damsel outer and inner coral reef, in 2004 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 384– T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Ch a b a n e t ). 385), based on SMNS material; previously listed by Le­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM t o u r n e u r (1992: 84, unpag 5) as P. cf. chrysurus. 346043). Marine species. Found in the surge zone of coral Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. reefs, in or near Acropora or Pocillopora coral patches, at Found on inshore coral reefs, at depths of 0–43 m. Outside depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Pit- the area, Red Sea and East Africa south to Sodwana Bay/ cairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands. South Africa. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Me- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- dium priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action.

Plectroglyphidodon randalli Allen, 1991 – Mauritian damsel Pomachromis richardsoni (Snyder, 1909) – Richardson’s dam- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 381– sel 382), based on SMNS material; previously listed by Ha rm e ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 385). l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 95) as Abudefduf cingulum (non Klun­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- zinger, 1871), and by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 46, 6, 68, 109 as al and rocky reefs exposed to ocean swells, at depths of Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (non Bleeker, 1859). 2–25 m. Outside the area, east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and Loyalty rocky reefs exposed to wave action, occasionally also on Islands. coral reef flats, at depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to western Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Mascarenes. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Stegastes albifasciatus (Schlegel & Müller, 1839) – Whitebar gregory Pomacentrus agassizii Bliss, 1883 – Creole damsel Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by My e r s (1989: 175); re- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 136); cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 385), based on SMNS ma- previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 95, 96) as P. terial. tripunctatum (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830), Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. and as Abudefduf melas (non Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Marine species. Found on reef flats, in shallow lagoons, and Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830); record confirmed by Fr i c k e on semi-sheltered coral or rocky reef margins; common (1999: 382), based on SMNS material. among patches of rubble or porous reef rock, surrounded by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- live coral, particularly in areas of mild surge, at depths of rine species. Found in lagoon and inshore coral reefs, at 0–4 m. Outside the area, east to Wake, Line and Tuamotu depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Indian Ocean. Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Prob- Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low prior- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. ity for conservation action.

Pomacentrus caeruleus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Blue pete Stegastes limbatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25); Ebony gregory subsequently listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 96) as P. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Glyphisodon pulcherrimus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 382–383), limbatus by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1830a: 477– based on MHNRUN material. 478); subsequently listed as Pomacentrus pristiger by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C25), and as P. madagascariensis by gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in la- Sm i t h (1960: 342, pl. 27 A); record confirmed by Fr i c k e goon and outer coral or rocky reef slopes, usually over rubble (1999: 386–387), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS near base of reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, material. South and East Africa east to Maldives. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rine species. Found in the surge zone of inshore boulder ar- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- eas, at depths of 0–2 m. Endemic to islands in the southwest- um priority for conservation action. ern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT. Pomacentrus pikei Bliss, 1883 – Blacklip damsel Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Stable pop- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 155, ulations. Medium priority for conservation action. 250). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith, 1960) – Indian Ocean dark Found on inshore coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–6 m. damsel Endemic to Mascarenes. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on LEMUR, Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material listed by Fr i c k e (1999: EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. 385–385) as S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889); previously 82 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

listed by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 164) as S. fasciolatus (non Ogil- L a b r i d a e – Wrasses by, 1889). Stegastes fasciolatus is restricted to Pacific Ocean (Ra n d a l l 2005: 384–385). Taxonomic decision of the pres- Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829 – Blue-spotted ent paper (Pomacentrus luteobrunneus Smith, 1960 is the wrasse, blue-spotted tamarin; Labre constellé (female), labre oldest available name for the Indian Ocean populations). bleu (male) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on as A. caeruleo-punctatus; subsequently listed as A. diade- rocky and coral reefs exposed to mild to moderate surge, at matus by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 12); record con- depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East Af- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 391–392), based on MHNRUN ma- rica and Durban/South Africa east to Cocos-Keeling Is- terial. lands. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in the Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Low prior- surge zone of coral reefs or rocky coasts, at depths of 3–30 m. ity for conservation action. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake, Line and Easter islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rowley Stegastes nigricans (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Dusky Shoals/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord gregory Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Holocentrus Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, nigricans by La c e p è d e (1802: 332, 367, 370); record con- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 388–390), based on LEMUR, um priority for conservation action. MNHN and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Anampses lineatus Randall, 1972 – Lined tamarin gascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53); cies. Found on reef flats and lagoon reefs, frequently occur- previously listed as A. Cuvieri (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) ring in groups associated with live or dead branching stag- by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28), and as A. melanurus (non Blee­ horn coral (Acropora), at depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area, ker, 1857) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 97). Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- to Wake Atoll, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia rine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at and Tonga. depths of 10–42 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rica south to Natal/South Africa, east to Maldives. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, priority for conservation action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Stegastes pelicieri Allen & Emery, 1985 – Mauritian gregory Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n (1991: 181, 254); Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 95) as Abudefduf 1840 – Yellowtail tamarin lacrymatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825); record confirmed Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n by Fr i c k e (1999: 390–391), based on LEMUR, SMNS and (1976: 97); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 393–394), USNM material. based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- rine species. Found on rocky reefs with little coral and found chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in areas of near crevices and holes, at depths of 0–20 m. Endemic to is- mixed coral, rubble, consolidated limestone, and sand of lands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. seaward coral reefs, or in soft coral or sponge habitats, at Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: EUT. depths of 3–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Decline Africa east to Samoa and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Stegastes punctatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Bluntsnout greg- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, ory, farmerfish EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on SMNS material um priority for conservation action. listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 387–388) as S. lividus (non Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801), and Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 25, Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856 – Yellow-breasted wrasse unpag. 5). S. lividus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n is restricted to Marquesas Islands according to Ra n d a l l (1976: 97) as A. twisti. (2005: 385). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon chelles. Marine species. Found in coral reef areas with dead and seaward coral reefs, usually in areas with mixed rubble, staghorn corals, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red coral, or rock and sand, at depths of 5–30 m. Outside the ar- Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to ea, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Chesterfield and Tonga. Islands and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable de- priority for conservation action. cline. Medium priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 83

Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1832) – Lyretail hogfish firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 397), based on MNHN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: Taxonomic decision of Go m o n (2006: 56–59). 240). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of seaward chelles. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs rich coral reefs, at depths of 5–100 m. Outside the area, East and with invertebrates such as gorgonians, seawhips and black South Africa east to Nicobar and Cocos-Keeling Islands. corals, common on steep outer slopes, at depths of 6–60 m. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Wake and Marshall islands, and Henderson/Pitcairn Group, Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. Bodianus leucosticticus (Bennett, 1832) – Lined hogfish, four- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, line hogfish; Labre pointillé EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l in Sm i t h & nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. He e m s tr a (1986: 688); previously listed as Cossyphus bodi- anus (non Bloch, 1790) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as C. rufus Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1832) – Axilspot hogfish, turncoat (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82), and described hogfish as Lepidaplois Bourboni by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 7, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 240); fig. 1); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 397–398), based previously listed as B. albimaculatus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n on SAIAB material. Taxonomic decision of Go m o n (2006: (1976: 97). 49–52). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found al reefs. Outside the area, southern Japan to Taiwan. in clear lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, of 2–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. east to Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Japan and Marshall Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Mau- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, ritius hogfish, black-banded hogfish; Chien (Réunion), labre EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- brassard (France) able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82) as Cossyphus macrourus; previously listed as C. maldat by Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Sad- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); subsequently listed as Bodianus hir- dleback hogfish; Vieille à selle noire sutus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 97); record confirmed by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Fr i c k e (1999: 398–399), based on MHNRUN and MNHN as Cossyphus bilunulatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e material. Taxonomic decision of Go m o n (2006: 85–87). (1999: 396) as Bodianus bilunulatus bilunulatus, based on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos. MHNRUN and MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of Marine species. Found on exposed seaward coral reefs with Go m o n (2006: 77–79). sand patches, at depths of 10–40 m. Endemic to islands in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- the southwestern Indian Ocean. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on deep coral and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rocky reef slopes rich with invertebrates such as sponges and EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. seawhips, but young adults occasionally seen much shal- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. lower; at depths of 8–120 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot, 1847) – Blackspot hogfish south to Houtman Abrolhos/Western Australia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, as Cossyphus opercularis. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. rine species. Found on rubble bottoms of steep outer coral reefs, at depths of 42–61 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Bodianus bimaculatus Allen, 1973 – Twospot hogfish; Labre à East Africa east to Christmas Island (eastern Indian deux taches Ocean). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (2004: 205). Taxonomic decision of Go m o n (2006: 24–26). EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Found around rubble and sand in steep outer coral reef slopes and drop-offs, usually adjacent to very deep water, at Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Goldspot hogfish, depths of 30–60 m. Outside the area, east to Palau/Belau and goldsaddle hogfish, golden-spot hogfish; Labre de la perdi- New Caledonia, north to southern Japan, south to northern tion New Zealand. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (1961a: 7) as Lepidaplois perditio; previously listed as EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Cossyphus atrolumbus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); record Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 400), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of Go m o n (2006: 87–90). Bodianus diana (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Diana’s Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos. hogfish; Labre diane Marine species. Found in the vicinity of coral and rocky Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C13– reefs, often over sand or rubble, from 9 m depth (juveniles) C14, C28) as Cossyphus diana and C. spilotes; record con- to deeper water. Outside the area, anti-equatorial from South 84 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Africa east to Tuamotu and Gambier islands, south to West- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, ern Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Is- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone land and Rapa, Taiwan north to southern Japan. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, action. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835 – Humphead wrasse; Na- poléon Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791) – Floral wrasse; Vieille ta- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 un- chetée numbered pp.). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 pp.). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- dabra. Marine species. Found on steep outer reef slopes, chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon channel slopes, and lagoon reefs; juveniles are encountered and coastal coral reefs, in areas with mixed sand, rubble, and in coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs, where staghorn Acropora coral, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South corals abound; also in algal reefs or seagrass; adults rove Africa east to Wake, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north across the reefs by day and rest in reef caves and under coral to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ ledges at night; at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, and Rapa. Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- action. stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791) – Red-breasted wrasse; Vieille rayée Cheilio inermis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Cigar wrasse; Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 pp.) as Banane (Réunion), longue girelle (France) C. fasciatus fasciatus. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 83); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- subsequently listed as Chelio cyano-chloris and C. auratus chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e or rocky reefs, usually in areas with mixed coral, sand, and (1999: 404–405), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN rubble, at depths of 3–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and material. East Africa east to Wake and Marshall islands, Samoa and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Tonga, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sea- and New Caledonia. grass beds and algal-covered flats, adjacent to lagoon and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Rapa. Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853 – Snooty wrasse; Vieille à Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, bec pointu EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 402), um priority for conservation action. based on USNM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Choerodon robustus (Günther, 1862) – Robust tuskfish; Chien, chelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon lachaux (Réunion), maldaque robuste (France) and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 pp.); area, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Gambier previously described as Cossyphus maxillosus by Gu i c h e n o t islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, (1863: C28), and as Choerops dodecacanthus by Bl e e k e r Queensland/Australia and Austral Islands. (1868b: 275–277); record of Choerodon robustus confirmed Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, by Fr i c k e (1999: 405–406), based on MNHN material. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II Found on deeper coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 40–70 m. of the EU Habitats Directive. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa, Indonesia, southern Japan. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Triple- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. tail wrasse; Lachaux (Réunion), vieille triple queue, vieille Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium trilobé (France) priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by La c e p è d e (1801: 529, 537–538, pl. 31, fig. 3); subsequently listed as C. Coris aygula Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Clown coris; lunulatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Gu i c h e n o t Loupe côte (Réunion), clarisse clown (France) (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 402–403), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 83); based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS materi- previously listed as Julis Coris by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); al. record of Coris aygula confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 407– Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 408), based on MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM ma- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found along terial. shallow reef margins with good coral cover, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 1–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Wake and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to cies. Found in the vicinity of sand or rubble patches of ex- Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. posed outer reef flats, lagoon reefs, and seaward coral reefs, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 85

often in semi-exposed surge zones, juveniles common in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, shallow tide pools; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake and Line is- um priority for conservation action. lands, and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Oga- sawara Islands, south to northwestern Australia, New South Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770) – Slingjaw wrasse; Epibule Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. gourami Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 un- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. numbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 410–411), Medium priority for conservation action. based on LEMUR material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Coris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Spottail coris; gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Girelle à tache caudale cies. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1873a: 98– at depths of 9–42 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and 100) as Hemicoris caudimacula. South Africa east to Hawaiian and Gambier islands, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. cies. Found in sandy or algal-rich areas near coral or rocky Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, reefs or in seagrass beds, at depths of 0–57 m. Outside the EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone area, Red Sea, East Africa and eastern South Africa east to species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation western Indonesia and northwestern Australia, south to action. Shark Bay/Western Australia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Indian EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Ocean bird wrasse, birdfish; Poisson oiseau Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu­ v i e r & Valenciennes (1840: 29–32); subsequently listed as Coris cuvieri (Bennett, 1831) – African coris; Clarisse africaine G. fuscus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28), and as G. varius (non Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C. Lacepède, 1801) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82); record confirmed by Gaimard (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by Fo u rm a n o i r & Fr i c k e (1999: 411–412), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, Gu é z é (1961a: 14), and as C. africana by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: MNHN and SMNS material. 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 406), based on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- ­LEMUR and USNM material. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, and in rocky reefs, at gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in ex- depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South posed outer reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral or rocky Africa east to Andaman Sea. reefs, in areas of mixed sand, coral and rubble, at depths of Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, 1–20 m; juveniles occur in small tide pools, exposed reef EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. flats with algae-rubble. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and High priority for conservation action. South Africa east to Andaman Sea. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Halichoeres cosmetus Randall & Smith, 1982 – Adorned wrasse; HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Girelle à raies d’or Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Sm i t h (1982: 15–17); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 412–413), Coris frerei (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867) – Queen based on MNHN material. coris; Girelle reine Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C. chelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, at formosa by Go m o n (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record con- depths of 1–31 m. Outside the area, East Africa and Natal/ firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 409–410) as C. formosa. South Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Adults EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- found in seagrass, rock and coral areas; juveniles in shallow um priority for conservation action. tide pools. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/ South Africa east to Sri Lanka. Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Checkerboard wrasse; Bonpartère (Réunion), lalo damier HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable (France) decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as Julis hortulanus; previously described as Labrus centi- Cymolutes praetextatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Knife quadrus by La c e p è d e (1801: 437–438, 492–500). wrasse, knife razorfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 40, gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found 99, unpag. 5). on sand patches of lagoon and seaward coral reefs, also on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- slopes to moderate depths along drop-offs, juveniles at the rine species. Found on reef flats and in shallow lagoons, in bottom of surge channels; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the sandy, current-swept areas with rubble and seagrass, at area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, depths of 1–6 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to east to Society Islands, north to Mariana Islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, New South Wales/Aus- Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, Norfolk Island and Ton- tralia, New Caledonia and Tonga. ga. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, 86 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant (1839: 453–454); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 418), decline. High priority for conservation action. based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Halichoeres iridis Randall & Smith, 1982 – Rainbow wrasse gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 414– cies. Found in shallow lagoons or bays, usually over sand, 415), based on an underwater photograph taken by J. Ca r a ­ rubble, or seagrass bottom, rather than on coral reef, at t i n i . depths of 1–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to West- rine species. Found in steep seaward coral reefs, in sand and ern Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia. rubble areas, at depths of 6–43 m. Outside the area, Yemen/ Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, southern Red Sea, East and South Africa. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, um priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792) – Barred thicklip wrasse; Chien noir (Réunion), tamarin à bandes noires (France) Halichoeres lamarii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82); 1839 – Indian Ocean dusky wrasse; Girelle arc-en-ciel record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 419–420), based on Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as H. MNHN material. marginatus (non Rüppell, 1835) by Ra n d a l l & Sm i t h (1982: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 5–6), and described as H. virescens by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- (1961a: 13); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 415–416) as cies. Found on coral reefs and reef flats, at depths of 0–20 m. H. marginatus (non Rüppell, 1835), based on LEMUR, Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on lagoon Lord Howe Island and Rapa. and seaward reefs, along the upper edges of coral-rich areas, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, juveniles are encountered in exposed outer reef flats; at EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Mal- species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation dives and Chagos Archipelago. action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791) – Blackedge thicklip Medium priority for conservation action. wrasse; Tamarin vert Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 un- Halichoeres lapillus Smith, 1947 – Jewelled wrasse; Girelle à numbered pp.); record needs verification. petits cailloux Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 241). rine species. Found on subtidal reef flats, lagoon and sea- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. ward reefs, among branching corals while adults found in Found on rocky bottoms or coral reefs rich in algae, at areas of mixed sand, rubble, and coral, at depths of 0–30 m. depths of 5–15 m. Outside the area, Oman south to Natal/ Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and Society South Africa. islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Medium priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. High priority for conservation ac- Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, tion. 1839) – Nebulous wrasse, picture wrasse; Girelle nebu- leuse Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Ring wrasse; Labre annelé 164); previously listed as H. kawarin (non Bleeker, 1852) and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) as H. melanurus (non Bleeker, 1851) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n as Julis annulatus; subsequently listed as Hologymnosus (1976: 97, 98); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 417), based semidiscus by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 14). on LEMUR material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in seagrass areas on coral reefs and rocky substrates, at depths of 2–30 m. of reef flats, along reef margins and rocky shores, at depths Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Pitcairn, of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Victo- east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to ria/Australia, and Rapa. Queensland/Australia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action. Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1832) – Zigzag wrasse; Girelle Longface wrasse, ringed wrasse, pastel wrasse; Tongole en arc-en-ciel (Réunion), colombine pastel (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 83) as Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Güntheria scapularis; previously described as Julis Le- as Julis doliatus; subsequently listed as Hologymnosus fas- schenaulti by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes ciatus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 83, part), and as H. oxyrhynchus by fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 87

Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 98); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1976: 98); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 423), based on (1999: 421–422). LEMUR and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coral gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral- reefs and rocky substrates, at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the rich areas of inner lagoons and subtidal reef flats to seaward area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Pitcairn, north to coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, southern Japan, south to Victoria/Australia, and Rapa. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pit- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, cairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Aus- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. tralia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) – um priority for conservation action. Indianfish (juvenile), blue razorfish (adult), peacock wrasse; Vieux monde (Réunion), rason paon (France) Labropsis xanthonota Randall, 1981 – Wedge-tailed wrasse Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion (in part) by Va­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 241); l e n c i e n n e s in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1840: 61–63, pl. 394) record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 424), based on SAIAB as Xyrichthys pavo; subsequently listed as Julis vittatus (non material. Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) by Gu i c h e n o t Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 447–448) as Found in coral-rich areas of clear outer lagoon and seaward Xyrichtys pavo, based on MNHN material. reefs, feeds on coral polyps, at depths of 7–55 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- area, East Africa east to Micronesia, Samoa and Tonga, chelles. Transitional water and marine. Usually found soli- south to Western Australia and Loyalty Islands. tary in lagoon and seaward reef areas with fine to loose, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL, coarse sand bottoms (dives into the sand when threatened); HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant juveniles sometimes in shallow estuaries; adults rare in less decline. High priority for conservation action. than 20 m; at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Mexico, north to Macropharyngodon bipartitus Smith, 1957 – Vermiculate southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to wrasse, divided wrasse; Girelle diamant Lord Howe and Society islands. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 40); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 424) as M. bipartitus EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- bipartitus, based on BPBM material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and sheltered Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 1847) – Tubelip wrasse ­seaward coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 422); the area, East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archi- previously listed as L. cyanotaenia by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n pelago. (1976: 98). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Found in lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral reefs with um priority for conservation action. high coral cover, near branching corals, particularly staghorn Acropora; feeds on coral polyps, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus Randall, 1978 – Indian the area, East Africa east to Society Islands, south to Western Ocean black-spotted wrasse Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l in Sm i t h & Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL, He e m s tr a (1986: 699); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- 424–425), based on BPBM material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in cor- al reefs, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside the area, Natal/South Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bean, 1928 – Bicoloured cleaner Africa. wrasse; Poisson nettoyeur bicolore Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. (1976: 98) as Labroides bicolor and Fowlerella bicolor. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- rine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – reefs, territorial around prominent coral or rock formations Dragon wrasse, rockmover wrasse; Rason algue called ‘cleaning stations’, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as N. taeniurus by Fo u r ­ area, Natal/South Africa and East Africa east to Wake Atoll m a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 15–16, fig. 5); record confirmed by and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Fr i c k e (1999: 425–426), based on LEMUR material. Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe and Austral Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- islands. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in semi- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, exposed reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral reefs; com- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- mon in areas of mixed sand, and rubble that are subject to um priority for conservation action. mild surge; juveniles shallow on rubble amongst large bom- mies or protected open patches on reef crests and swim as if Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, were a leaf floating along the bottom; large adults move 1839) – Bluestreak cleaner wrasse; Poisson nettoyeur com- along over large reef section, usually in pairs and typically mun turn or shift large pieces of rubble or debris; at depths of Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n 3–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Natal/South 88 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Hawai- crest or slopes, at depths of 0–37 m. Endemic to islands in ian Islands, south to Lord Howe and Tuamotu islands. the southwestern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant priority for conservation action. decline. High priority for conservation action.

Oxycheilinus arenatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1901 – Eightstripe wrasse, 1840 – Speckled maori wrasse; Vieille maori pointillée eightline wrasse Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Cheilinus are- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n natus by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1840: (1976: 98). 101–102, pl. 397); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 426), Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- based on MNHN material. dabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found among Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- rubble or live corals of seaward coral reefs, usually in caves rine species. Found in caves of steep outer coral reef drop- and crevices with rich invertebrate growth; at depths of offs with rich invertebrate growth such as large gorgonians 2–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/ or soft corals, at depths of 25–46 m. Outside the area, Red South Africa east to Hawaiian and Ducie islands, north to Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, Yaeyama and Ogasawara islands, south to Tonga and Austral north to Philippines and Mariana Islands. Islands. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: PRL, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Medium priority for conservation action. decline. High priority for conservation action.

Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1931) – Redspot wrasse ennes, 1840) – Twospot wrasse; Labre à queue de comète Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- served during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, in lected during a visual census, near La Possession, at 15 m 2004 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , P. Ch a b a n e t ). depth, in 2006 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e ). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in la- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- goons and coral reefs, often on open sand flats with large chelles. Marine species. Found on outer reef slopes or deep remote bommies, at depths of 5–25 m. Outside the area, East clear lagoons among rubble or clumps of algae, also in sea- Africa east to Marshall and Samoan islands, north to south- grass beds, including estuaries, at depths of 1–110 m. Out- ern Japan, south to Kermadec Islands. side the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, south to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Lord Howe Island. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low priority for conservation action. Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- ennes, 1840) – Chiseltooth wrasse; Vieille ciseau Oxycheilinus digrammus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Cheek-lined wrasse, bandcheek wrasse; Vieille barbe noire as Pseudodax Mollucanus; previously described as Odax Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) Borbonicus by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes as Cheilinus diagrammus; subsequently listed by Bl e e k e r (1840: 306–307) [both Fr i c k e (1999: 429; 10 September (1874: 84) as C. radiatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 1999) and Ra n d a l l & Pa r e n t i (1999: 31; 6 December 1999) 427), based on MHNRUN material. acted as first reviewers to choose Odax moluccanus as the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- senior synonym over O. borbonicus]; record confirmed by gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and Fr i c k e (1999: 429), based on MNHN material. sheltered seaward coral reefs in coral-rich areas, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- 3–50 m, possibly deeper; juveniles more inshore on shel- chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear tered reef crests or slopes, usually amongst soft corals or channels and seaward coral reefs; juveniles common along stinging hydrozoans. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa drop-offs below 18 m; adults usually near caves while juve- and Natal/South Africa east to Wake and Gambier islands, niles frequently live inside them; at depths of 3–60 m. Out- north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and Ton- side the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa ga. east to Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL, Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Tonga. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pseudocheilinus dispilus Randall, 1999 – Mascarene sixstripe wrasse Pteragogus pelycus Randall, 1981 – Sideburn wrasse Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Ra n d a l l Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 430– (1999: 10, fig. 1, pl. 1 B); previously listed as P. hexataenia 431); previously listed as Pteragogus opercularis by Bl e e ­ (non Bleeker, 1857) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 98), and by k e r (1874: 81). Fr i c k e (1999: 427–428) as P. evanidus (non Jordan & Ever- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- mann, 1903), based on SMNS material. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in quiet Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. seagrass beds and algal flats adjacent to coral reefs, at depths Found in seaward coral reefs among coral branches, also in of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa. clear coastal waters, dense coral habitats on shallow reef Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 89

EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Medium priority for conservation action. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Stethojulis albovittata (Bonnaterre [ex Koelreuther], 1788) – Blue-lined wrasse Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830) – Sixbar wrasse; Girelle Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82); à six bandes previously listed as Julis balteatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n 1824) and J. axillaris (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by (1976: 98); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 435–436), Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: based on LEMUR and SMNS material. 431–432), based on BPBM, LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- SMNS and USNM material. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in small Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- groups on coral reefs, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- South and East Africa east to Wake and Tuamotu islands, cies. Found in reef flats and clear lagoon and seaward coral north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands. Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Maldives Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, and Chagos Archipelago, possibly Sri Lanka. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- of the EU Habitats Directive. um priority for conservation action. Thalassoma hebraicum (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1832) – Threeribbon wrasse Goldbar wrasse Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 82, (1976: 98); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 432–433), part) as Julis hebraica; listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 445) as Tha­ based on USNM material. lassoma quinquevittatum (non Lay & Bennett, 1839), based Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- on USNM material; record of T. hebraicum confirmed by gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Fr i c k e (1999: 436–437), based on MNHN material. cies. Found in seagrass beds and areas of mixed sand, rubble, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- and algae of inner coral reef flats and shallow lagoons, at dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Mar- in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, usually on patch reefs or shall, Tuamotu and Gambier islands, north to southern Ja- rocks, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and pan, south to New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low um priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action.

Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856) – Twotone wrasse Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Surge Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n wrasse; Girelle hublot (1976: 98) as T. amblycephalus; subsequently listed as T. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: melanochir by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 11); record con- 369, 373); previously listed as Julis umbrostigma by Pl a y ­ firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 433–434), based on LEMUR and f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: XI); record confirmed by Fr i c k e SMNS material. (1999: 444–445), based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- gascar. Marine species. Found almost exclusively in the cies. Found in aggregations over shallow lagoon and seaward surge zone of outer reef flats, coral reef margins, and rocky coral and rocky reefs and on reef flats, at depths of 0–15 m. coastline, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Easter islands, to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands. northern New Zealand and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. um priority for conservation action. Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Ladder wrasse, Christmas wrasse; Calonnier côte (Réunion), ennes, 1839) – Redcheek wrasse girelle de Noël (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28) 164); previously listed as Julis Commersonii by Gu i c h e n o t as Julis trilobatus; previously described as Labrus fuscus by (1863: C28); subsequently described as Thalassoma mas- La c e p è d e (1801: 437, 492–500), and listed as Julis formosus, carenum by Fr i c k e (1999: 437–444, figs. 6A, 7A), based on J. aeruginosus and J. Souleyeti by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); MNHN and SMNS material; record confirmed by Fr i c k e record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 446–447), based on (1999: 434–435) as T. genivittatum, based on USNM mate- MNHN and SMNS material. rial. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Found in shallow exposed reef flats, usually with rock-base chelles. Marine species. Found in small groups above rocky and mixed coral and algae, also in surge-swept reef flats, reefs with little coral cover, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the coral reef margins, and clear rocky shorelines, at depths of area, Natal/South Africa. 0–10 m. Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East 90 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 451–452), based on MHNRUN and Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Kermadec Islands MNHN material. and Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rine species. Found on shallow fringing coral reefs, usually EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- in areas with dead coral and rubble, at depths of 0–10 m. um priority for conservation action. Outside the area, Mozambique east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Fingerprint ra- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, zorfish; Rason ocellé PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Go m o n (1984: 2 un- species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation numbered pp); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 448–449), action. based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789) – Pale bullethead parrot- rine species. Found over sandy bottoms, and in areas with fish; Perroquet à joue pale some seagrass or algae, at depths of 1–18 m. Outside the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus japanensis by ­area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Philippines, north to Br u c e & Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously list- Taiwan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Aus- ed as S. Blochii by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28), and as Pseu- tralia. doscarus viridis by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: XII); record Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 452), based on MHNRUN and EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- MNHN material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on sea- ward coral and rocky reefs, usually on inner reefs with rich coral habitat, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East S c a r i d a e – Parrotfishes Africa east to Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia. Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 1840) – Stareye parrotfish, Christmas parrotfish, bucktooth PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone parrotfish; Perroquet des Carolines species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l action. (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously described as Cryptoto- mus albimarginatus, and listed as C. spinidens (non Quoy & Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bullethead Gaimard, 1824), by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1961a: 18, 19, parrotfish, daisy parrotfish; Perroquet marguerite fig. 6). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus sordidus by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Br u c e & Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); record con- dabra, Amirantes, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 453–454), based on LEMUR and cies. Found over subtidal reef flats, and lagoon and seaward MHNRUN material. coral reefs, in coral, rubble and seagrass areas, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 0–27 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Ha- gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. waiian Islands and Pitcairn, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara Found in both coral-rich and open pavement areas of shallow islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, as Tonga. well as along drop-offs; juveniles in coral rubble areas of Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, PRL, reef flats and lagoons; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant de- Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and cline. Low priority for conservation action. Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 1840) – Bicoloured parrotfish; Perroquet à points rouges PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829) by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l (1984: action. 2 unnumbered pp). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1854) – Steephead par- rine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, rotfish; Perroquet vert (Réunion) at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 454), Caroline and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia, based on SMNS material; previously listed as Pseudoscarus New Caledonia, and Tonga. striatus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839) Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: XII), and as Scarus gibbus HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone (non Rüppell, 1829) by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnum- species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation bered pp.). action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) – Green parrotfish, reefs, at depths of 1–35 m. Outside the area, East Africa east captain parrotfish; Perroquet (Réunion), perroquet capitaine to southwestern Indonesia, north to Andaman Sea. (France) Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus enneacanthus HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation listed as S. capitanus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); record con- action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 91

Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Candelamoa coral and rubble of lagoon reefs; at depths of 1–20 m. Out- parrotfish side the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Line Islands Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen and Ducie/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Oga- observed during a visual census, in the inner reef at Saint- sawara Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Leu, in 2007 (E. Te s s i e r ); authorship see Fr i c k e (2008: 50). Howe Island and Rapa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, gascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Marine species. Found in coral reefs including the reef flat, species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Af- action. rica east to Java/Indonesia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Scarus ghobban Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Blue-barred par- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. rotfish; Perroquet bleu (Réunion), perroquet à écailles jaunes Medium priority for conservation action. (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Callyodon ghobban by Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Seagrass par- Sm i t h (1956: 10, pl. 43, fig. H); also described as C. speigleri rotfish, marbled parrotfish; Perroquet marbré by Sm i t h (1956: 14); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 457–458), based on MNHN and SMNS material. (1961a: 18). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Far- gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water quhar Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found and marine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, on in sheltered areas and lagoons, in seagrass areas or areas slopes and drop-offs; small juveniles inshore on algae reef with hard substrates with thick algal cover adjacent to coral habitat; entering silty, murky environments; at depths of reefs, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East 1–36 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa and South Africa east to Pitcairn, south to Western Austra- east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- lia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. lands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Austra- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, lia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Medium priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther, 1862) – Tail-barred parrotfish; action. Perroquet à bandes rouges Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 (1984: 2 unnumbered pp., pl. II); record confirmed by Fr i c k e – Violet-lined parrotfish, roundhead parrotfish, globehead (1999: 455–456), based on MHNRUN material. parrotfish; Perroquet globeux Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Amirantes. Ma- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l rine species. Found on steep outer coral reef slopes, at depths (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.). of 8–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa, south Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- to Mozambique, east to Maldives. chelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, more common Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, in outer coral reef habitats than in protected waters, at depths HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone of 1–12 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Wake, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu and Oga- action. sawara islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair, 1868) – Greenbelly parrotfish; Per- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, roquet faucille HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation (1984: 2 unnumbered pp., pl. IV); record confirmed by Le­ action. t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 214). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Palenose parrot- dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer fish, common parrotfish; Perrouche (Réunion), perroquet coral reef slopes, at depths of 2–20 m. Outside the area, East commun (France) Africa east to Chagos Archipelago. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Br u c e & Ra n d a l l Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as S. venosus by HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation 459–460), based on MNHN material. action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Ma- rine species. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward Scarus frenatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802 – Bridled par- reefs, over corals, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red rotfish, vermiculate parrotfish Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/West- 40); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 457), based on ern Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. ­USNM material. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone chelles. Marine species. Found on exposed outer coral reefs, species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation sometimes in very shallow water; juveniles occur among action. 92 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Scarus scaber Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 – Fr i c k e (1999: 463) as C. chameleontoculis, based on BPBM Dusky-capped parrotfish; Perroquet marron (Réunion), per- and SMNS material. roquet à cinq celles (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C28); species. Found in shallow sand and gravel bottoms, includ- subsequently listed as Callyodon oviceps by Fo u rm a n o i r & ing tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, South Gu é z é (1961a: 19); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 461– and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, 462), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM material. south to New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, chelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon coral reefs, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- in areas with dense coral cover, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside um priority for conservation action. the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Limnichthys nitidus Smith, 1958 – Sand submarine Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 464), HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone based on SMNS material. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- action. chelles. Marine species. Found in shallow sand and gravel bottoms, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa to Hawaiian Islands T r i c h o n o t i d a e – Sand divers and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Mid- dleton Reef, Loyalty Islands, and Tonga. Trichonotus setiger Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Spotted sand- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, diver EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 462– um priority for conservation action. 463). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in steep sand slopes in large aggregations; hovers P i n g u i p e d i d a e – Sandsmelts, crocodilefishes above clean sandy bottoms, darts into the sand when dis- turbed; usually slightly silty habitat, at depths of 1–40 m. Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Outside the area, Persian/Arabian Gulf and East Africa east Valenciennes, 1829) – Speckled sandperch, spotted sand­ to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Aus- smelt; Pinge pintade tralia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 78) as Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, P. hexophthalmus. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Al- um priority for conservation action. dabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand and rubble bottoms of shallow lagoon and protected seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–22 m. Outside the area, U r a n o s c o p i d a e – Stargazers Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Fiji and Tonga, pos- sibly also Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Uranoscopus archionema Regan, 1921 – Stargazer Western Australia, and Lord Howe Island. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 463), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, based on MNHN material; previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. & Gu é z é (1962b: 5, fig. 4) as Uranoscopus sp. and U. oligole- Medium priority for conservation action. pis (non Bleeker, 1878). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Parapercis maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Harlequin Found on sand bottoms near coral reefs, at depths of 30– sandsmelt, harlequin sandperch; Pinge arlequin 150 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 22), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, based on MNHN material; previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. & Gu é z é (1963: 464) as P. pulchella. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found in shal- low estuaries and protected coastal bays near coral reefs, at Uranoscopus sulphureus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Indo- ennes, 1832 – White-margined stargazer nesia, north to southern Japan. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (2004: 205), based on MNHN material. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on reef flats and um priority for conservation action. sand bottoms near coral reefs, at 10–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga. Parapercis punctata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Réunion sandsmelt HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C24); Medium priority for conservation action. subsequently described as P. guezei by Fo u rm a n o i r (1966: 218–221, fig. 2); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 465), based on MNHN material. C r e e d i i d a e – Sand burrowers Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on coral rubble bottom of coral reefs, at depths of 1–10 m. Endemic to Chalixodytes tauensis Schultz, 1943 – Sand dart islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 93

EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. reef flats, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–8 m (rarely Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. below 2 m). Outside the area, east to Marshall Islands, Sa- moa, Tonga and Niue, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Parapercis punctulata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia and New – Spotted sandperch, spotted sandsmelt Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 78). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium chelles, Amirantes. Marine species. Found on rubble bot- priority for conservation action. toms of coral reefs, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa south to Natal/South Africa. Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan & Seale, 1906 – High hat Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, triplefin EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 468). Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comores, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Parapercis robinsoni Fowler, 1929 – Barfaced sandperch, small- Found on coralline rock, associated with coral reefs, includ- scale grubfish ing tidal pools, at depths of 0–32 m. Outside the area, Red Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 466), Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Line and Society is- based on MNHN material; previously listed by Cu v i e r in lands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1829a: 260–264) as P. nebulosa Western Australia, Moreton Bay/Queensland, Australia, (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). New Caledonia, and Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, chelles. Marine species. Found on rubble bottoms of coral EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant reef slopes, at depths of 6–55 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, decline. High priority for conservation action. East and South Africa east to Pakistan. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Helcogramma fuscopinna Holleman, 1982 – Blackfin triplefin EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 468– um priority for conservation action. 469), based on SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados T r i p t e r y g i i d a e – Triplefins Carajos. Marine species. Found on coralline rock, associated with coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Enneapterygius elegans (Peters, 1877) – Hourglass triplefin Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1994: 203– Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. 208); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 467), based on Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, MNHN, SMF and SMNS material. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aga- High priority for conservation action. lega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coralline rock, including tidal pools, at depths of Helcogramma obtusirostris (Klunzinger, 1871) – Hotlips 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Sri Lanka, Taiwan triplefin, Klunzinger’s triplefin to Ryukyu Islands, Cocos Keeling Islands, New Guinea and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 468–469, New Caledonia to Samoa and Tonga. as H. obtusirostre), based on SMNS material. The correct Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, species name is ‘obtusirostris’ as the gender of Helcogram- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- ma is feminine, based on the Greek γραμμή (line), not um priority for conservation action. γραμμα (letter) (see Es c h m e y e r & Fr i c k e 2008). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Enneapterygius gruschkai Holleman, 2005 – Gruschka’s dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found triplefin on coralline rock, associated with coral reefs, including tidal Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on BPBM and pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Ascension Is- SMNS material; previously listed as Tripterygium cf. fascia- land and Saint Helena, South and East Africa. tum by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 100), and as ‘Enneaptery- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, gius sp. (to be described by Ho l l e m a n & Fr i c k e )’ by Fr i c k e EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low (1999: 466). priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles, Carga- dos Carajos. Marine species. Found on rock bottoms, at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. C l i n i d a e – Klipfishes Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Springeratus polyporatus Fraser, 1972 – Mascarene klipfish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 469– Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1869) – Minute triplefin 470), based on USNM material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1997: 274– Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in 288); previously listed as Tripterygion minutus by Ha rm e ­ rocky habitats among algae, including tidal pools, at depths l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 100); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: of 0–10 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes. 467), based on SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- chelles. Marine species. Found on coralline beach rock or um priority for conservation action. 94 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

B l e n n i i d a e – Blennies Blenniella chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1857) – Red-spotted blenny Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 472), Alticus monochrus (Bleeker, 1869) – Mascarene leaping blenny based on SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ba t h (1986: 355); listed Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda­ as Alticus kirkii (non Günther, 1868) by Fr i c k e (1999: 470– bra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef 471), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS material; previ- flats, often in exposed habitats, usually where algal growth ously listed as Salarias alticus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier is prolific, at depths of 0–6 m, rarely below 2 m. Outside the & Valenciennes, 1836) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27), as S. tri- area, East Africa east to Society Islands, north to Ryukyu dactylus (non Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by Islands, south to Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia, and Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: X), as Alticus saltatorius (non Tonga. Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1800) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 74), and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. as A. saliens (non Forster, 1788) by Sm i t h (1959b: 239). Taxo- Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- nomic decision of Ba t h (1986: 355). dium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- rine species. Found on rocks of the intertidal zone, at depths Blenniella cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1849) – Striped rockskipper of 0–1 m, often climbing out of the water. Endemic to islands Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 472– in the southwestern Indian Ocean. 473), based on SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- species. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habi- dium priority for conservation action. tats, usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of 0–6 m, rarely below 2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east Antennablennius bifilum (Günther, 1861) – Horned rockskipper to western Indonesia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. (1976: 99) as Croaltus bifilum; record confirmed by Fr i c k e Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium (1999: 471), based on SMNS material. priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on coralline rock, Blenniella gibbifrons (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Picture rock- including tidal pools, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, skipper Persian Gulf, East and South Africa east to India. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 473), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, based on SMNS material; previously listed as Istiblennius EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- gibbifrons insolitus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 99). um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, cies. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habitats, 1836) – Floating blenny, lance blenny usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of 0–1.5 m. Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Blennechis Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas dussumieri by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes and Ducie islands, with a gap in the Indo-Australian trian- (1836: 282–283); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 471– gle. 472), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Carga- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium dos Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral reefs and rocky priority for conservation action. areas, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Society and Tuamotu islands, north Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western ennes, 1836) – Blue-dashed rockskipper, bullethead rock- Australia, northern New South Wales/Australia, New Cale- skipper donia and Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, subsequently listed as Salarias meleagris (non Valenciennes EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r um priority for conservation action. (1867: X); record of Blenniella periophthalmus confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 473–474), based on MNHN and SMNS Aspidontus tractus Fowler, 1903 – Mimic blenny material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 472), Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- based on SMNS material; previously listed as Petroscirtes gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- filamentosus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, cies. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habitats, 1836) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 99), and as Aspidontus usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of 0–1.5 m. taeniatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) by Le t o u r n e u r Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas (1998: 282). Petroscirtes rostratus Bleeker [ex Solander], and Gambier islands. 1857 is an unused senior synonym. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium dabra, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found in coral reefs priority for conservation action. and rocky areas, at depths of 1–20 m; mimics Labroides dimidiatus. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Afri- Cirripectes castaneus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, ca. 1836) – Muzzled rockskipper, chestnut blenny Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: PRL, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wi l l i a m s (1988: 27– HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. 31); previously listed as C. variolosus (non Valenciennes in Medium priority for conservation action. Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) by Sm i t h (1959b: 238); record fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 95

confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 474–475), based on BPBM and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, SMNS material. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- decline. Medium priority for conservation action. gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on wave-swept algal ridges Damania anjouanae (Fourmanoir, 1955) – Anjouan blenny of outer reef flats, or on rocky and coralline substrates, at Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 476), depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South based on SMF material. Africa east to Kapingamarangi/Micronesia and Samoa, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to chelles. Marine species. Found on volcanic rocks including Western Australia and New South Wales/Australia, Lord tidal pools, at depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to islands in the Howe and Kermadec islands, and Tonga. southwestern Indian Ocean. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium um priority for conservation action. priority for conservation action.

Cirripectes polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) – Barred blenny Dodekablennos fraseri Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 – Fraser’s Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: blenny unpag. 6); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 475), based on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 477), SMNS material. based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Aldabra, Sey- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in tidal chelles. Marine species. Found on algal ridge and ridge pools, at depths of 0–2 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes. crests between surge channels of exposed seaward reefs, at Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Prob- east to Johnston, Line and Samoan islands, north to southern able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz, 1962 – Linear blenny Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by McKi n n e y & Spr i n g e r EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- (1976: 7); record questionably confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: um priority for conservation action. 477–478), based on BPBM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Cirripectes quagga (Fowler & Ball, 1924) – Squiggly blenny clear coastal to outer reef crests with rich coral growth, at Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wi l l i a m s (1988: 57– depths of 2–28 m. Outside the area, Maldives east to Philip- 60); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 475), based on BPBM pines, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Aus- and SMNS material. tralia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on algal ridge and HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant crests between surge channels of exposed seaward coral decline. High priority for conservation action. reefs, at depths of 0–19 m, usually shallow. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to southern Great Barrier Reef/ Ecsenius midas Starck, 1969 – Persian blenny Australia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, (2004: 205). EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. um priority for conservation action. Found in coral reefs, from clear coastal to outer reef walls, usually where currents are moderate, at depths of 1–40 m. Cirripectes randalli Williams, 1988 – Randall’s blenny Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marquesas Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 475– Islands. 476), based on SMNS material. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Marine EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. species. Found on volcanic rocks with some algal cover, at High priority for conservation action. depths of 0–5 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern In- dian Ocean. Enchelyurus kraussii (Klunzinger, 1871) – Krauss’ blenny Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: EUT. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 478), Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable based on SMNS material. decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found among coral and rubble on reef flats and up- Cirripectes stigmaticus Strasburg & Schultz, 1953 – Reticulated per portion of seaward reefs, including tidal pools, at depths blenny, red-streaked blenny of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Mariana Islands Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 476), and Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to based on SMNS material. southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Car- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, gados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coastal reef flats EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. with rich coral and algae habitats, also on rocky and coral- Medium priority for conservation action. line structures, among Acropora and Pocillopora corals of surf-swept algal ridge, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos (Bleeker, 1859) – Fringelip rock- East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, skipper north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 479), New Caledonia. based on BPBM and SMNS material. 96 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- rine species. Found in exposed intertidal areas and the upper dium priority for conservation action. subtidal, on rocks with algae, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Easter Island, north to Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Tonga. ennes, 1836) – Dussumier’s rockskipper Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- as Blennioides Dussumieri. dium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found along Entomacrodus lemuria Springer & Fricke, 2000 – Lemur blen- sheltered and semi-exposed rocky shorelines, at depths of ny 0–3 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Soci- Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Spr i n g e r & ety Islands, north to Taiwan, south to New South Wales/ Fr i c k e (2000: 391, figs. 3–4), based on SMNS material; pre- Australia and Norfolk Island. viously listed as Entomacrodus sp. by Fr i c k e (1999: 478). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in an CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. intertidal area with volcanic rocks partially covered with Medium priority for conservation action. algae, at depths of 0–1 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, Istiblennius edentulus (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & CON. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. ­Schneider, 1801) – Rippled rockskipper Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. (1976: 99); previously listed as Salarias quadricornis by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Entomacrodus striatus (Valenciennes [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in 482–483), based on MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Pearly rockskipper material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sm i t h (1959b: 241); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- previously listed as Salarias frenatus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: gascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles, Cargados C27); record of Entomacrodus striatus confirmed by Carajos. Marine species. Found in rubble or rock areas, in- Fr i c k e (1999: 479–480), based on MNHN and SMNS mate- cluding tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red rial. Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe in the intertidal zone of lagoons and wave-swept seaward Island and Rapa. reefs, at depths of 0–1 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Oga- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- sawara islands and Minami Tori Shima, south to Western dium priority for conservation action. Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Istiblennius spilotus Springer & Williams, 1994 – Rock- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- skipper dium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 99); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 483), based on Exallias brevis (Kner, 1868) – Shortbodied blenny, leopard blen- SMNS material. ny, leopard rockskipper Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on exposed and (1976: 99); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 480–481), semi-exposed rocky shores, including tidal pools, at depths based on LEMUR and SMNS material. of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Arabian Sea south to South Af- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- rica. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, coastal reefs, often in bays and semi-exposed habitats, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- among corals like Acropora, Pocillopora, Seriatopora, Po- dium priority for conservation action. rites, and Millepora where they feed on coral tissues; at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hen- *Mimoblennius lineathorax Fricke, 1999 – Lined-throat blenny derson Island/Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia, Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: New Caledonia and Rapa. 484–486, fig. 8), based on MNHN, SMNS and USNM mate- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, rial. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on exposed volca- decline. High priority for conservation action. nic rocks covered with algae, at depths of 0–1.5 m. Endemic to Réunion. Istiblennius bellus (Günther, 1861) – Imspringer Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Spr i n g e r & Wi l l i a m s CON. Global importance. Sensitive to human activities. De- (1994: 143–149); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 481), cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. based on MNHN and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Omobranchus fasciolatus (Valenciennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cu- gascar. Marine species. Found in exposed rockpools or on vier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Arab blenny exposed rocky shores, at depths of 0–2 m. Outside the area, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 487), South and East Africa east to Marquesas and Easter islands, based on SMNS material. north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Tonga. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, shallow rocky areas, including tidal pools, at depths of fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 97

0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Stanulus seychellensis Smith, 1959 – Seychelles blenny Pakistan. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 489), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, based on SMNS material. CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Medium priority for conservation action. Marine species. Found in surge areas of exposed outer reef flats and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830 – Highfin fangblenny, floral Caroline Islands and eastern Australia east to Marshall Is- fangblenny lands and Henderson/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Tai- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992, wan, south to Tonga. unpag. 6). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. um priority for conservation action. Marine species. Found in protected lagoons and reef flats with algal and seagrass clumps, juveniles often in floating Xiphasia setifer Swainson, 1839 – Snake blenny Sargassum; at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu observed and photographed during a visual census, at Saint- Islands, south to Perth/Western Australia, Queensland/Aus- Paul, at 40 m depth, in 2005 (P. Du r v i l l e ). tralia, and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Found on open soft-bottom and mud habitats, at depths of EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- 2–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa um priority for conservation action. east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852) – Twostripe blen- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. ny Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: 283). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- G o b i e s o c i d a e – Clingfishes chelles. Marine species. Found in clear, coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, hiding in deserted worm tubes or Lepadichthys minor Briggs, 1955 – Dwarf clingfish, minor other small holes when alarmed; at depths of 0–40 m. Out- clingfish side the area, South and East Africa east to Marshall, Soci- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by ety and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Fr i c k e (1999: 111), based on SMNS material. Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on coral reef flats, Island and Tonga. attached to coralline rock in lagoons, and in tidal pools, at Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL, depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, Indonesia to Cook Is- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant lands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. decline. High priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857) – Piano blenny um priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- C a l l i o n y m i d a e – Dragonets chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward reefs; hiding in deserted worm tubes Callionymus aagilis Fricke, 1999 – Slow dragonet when alarmed; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, South Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north 491–493, fig. 9), based on the holotype (MNHN 1966- to central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western 0833). Australia, New South Wales/Australia, northern New Zea- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius [new record by Fr i c k e (2009: land and Rapa. 170), based on BMNH 2002.6.30.1302]. Marine species. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Sand bottom, probably adjacent to rocks and corals, at depths EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. around 30 m, possibly also deeper. Endemic to western Mas- High priority for conservation action. carenes. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB, Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786) – Jewelled rockskipper HAB, EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 74); activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 489), based on SMNS action. material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Synchiropus stellatus Smith, 1963 – Starry dragonet dabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in ar- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by eas of mixed coral, sand, and rubble, or on coralline rock, at Fr i c k e (1999: 494). depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Is- Marine species. Found in protected reefs on rubble or algal lands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Ton- covered rocks, at depths of 5–40 m. Outside the area, East ga. and South Africa east to western Indonesia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. um priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action. 98 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

E l e o t r i d a e – Sleepers Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- ennes, 1837) – Flathead sleeper; Cabot marare (Réunion), Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822) – Duckbill sleeper éléotris à tête poreuse (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sa u v a g e (1891: 380– Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) 381, pl. 41A, fig. 2); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 494), as Eleotris porocephala. based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in brack- Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in brack- ish estuaries, river mouths and freshwater creeks, also in the ish estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater streams, usu- lower courses of rivers, often upstream from the tidal zone. ally on mud bottoms; also in lagoons, particularly where Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Fiji, north to there is vegetation. Outside the area, East and South Africa southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ east to New Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to Australia and New Caledonia. northern Australia. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action.

G o b i i d a e – Gobies Eleotris fusca (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Dusky sleeper; Cabot noir (Réunion) Amblyeleotris aurora (Polunin & Lubbock, 1977) – Pinkbar Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: goby 370); previously listed as E. niger by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 494), based on MNHN served and photographed during a visual census, in the outer material. and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand and rub- rine. Found in lagoons, estuaries and freshwater; occurs in ble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with the the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bot- alpheid shrimp Alpheus randalli, at depths of 1–35 m. Out- toms. Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East Af- side the area, South Africa east to Andaman Sea. rica east to Gambier and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Medium priority for conservation action. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Amblyeleotris latifasciata Polunin & Lubbock, 1979 – Broad- band prawn-goby Eleotris mauritiana Bennett, 1832 – Widehead sleeper; Cabot Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- noir (Réunion) served and photographed during a visual census, at Saint- i r i n g e r u Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: Paul, at 40 m depth, in Aug. 2008 (A. D , T. M ­ l o c h a u u r v i l l e a d e t 30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 495–496), based on , P. D , T. C ). MHNRUN, MNHN and SAIAB material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand and rub- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- ble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with alpheid gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- shrimps, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside the area, east to Phil- rine. Found in lagoons, estuaries and freshwater; occurs in ippines. the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bot- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, toms. Outside the area, South and East Africa. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT, Medium priority for conservation action. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) – Periophthalma posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. prawn-goby Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- served and photographed during a visual census, in the outer Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. ennes, 1837) – Tropical carp-gudgeon; Éléotris cyprin Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). (France) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes 347790–347791). Marine species. Found on sand and rubble in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1837: 248–249) as Eleotris cy- bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with alpheid prinoides; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 496), based on shrimps, at depths of 5–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and MNHN material. East Africa east to Samoa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater and Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, transitional water. Found in lower reaches of freshwater EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. streams. Outside the area, east to New Guinea, north to Phil- Medium priority for conservation action. ippines, south to Queensland/Australia. Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE); not found since 1822 Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) – Steinitz’s prawn- (see Ke i t h et al. 1999: 108). Threats: EUT, CON. Very sensi- goby tive to human activities. High priority for conservation ac- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- tion. served and photographed during a visual census, on the fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 99

outer and inner coral reef, in Aug. 2008 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on priority for conservation action. sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with alpheid shrimps, at depths of 1–43 m. Outside the area, Awaous commersoni (Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall and Samoan is- River goby, Commerson’s freshwater goby; Loche, cabot lands, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Chesterfield Is- (Réunion) lands. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius commersonii Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, by Sm i t h (1959a: 215); previously described as G. nigripin- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. nis by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1837: 101), Medium priority for conservation action. and listed as G. ocellaris (non Broussonet, 1782) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Amblyeleotris wheeleri (Polunin & Lubbock, 1977) – Gorgeous 499–500), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. goby Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 497), gascar. Freshwater and transitional water. Found in slow based on underwater photographs. to fast current waters from the estuary to 250 m altitude, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos. usually occurring in clear waters with sand, gravel or rock Marine species. Found in rubble areas near or within coral bottom. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian reefs and in symbiotic association with alpheid shrimps, at Ocean. depths of 3–40 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT, east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Japan and Oga- CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- sawara Islands, south to northwestern Australia and Great nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Barrier Reef/Australia. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Direc- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, tive. HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832) – White-spotted goby action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 500– 501), based on SMNS material; previously listed as Gobius Amblygobius semicinctus (Bennett, 1833) – Halfstreak goby albopunctatus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 500). Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- served and photographed during a visual census, on the chelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon, rockpool and in- outer and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu­ tertidal areas with coralline rock adjacent to sand or mud l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). areas, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East and South Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia and New water and marine. Found in protected, silty lagoons and es- Caledonia. tuaries, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, East Africa Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, east to eastern Indonesia. CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. De- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low priority for conservation action. Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) – Cocos frillgoby Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 501), Amoya signata (Peters, 1855) – Tusk goby based on SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 498); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- previously listed as Ctenogobius pavidus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i ­ dabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found e n (1976: 100). among rubble, in sand pockets, or on coralline rock, abun- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on the reef crest dant on silty intertidal reef flats, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside and in the lagoon adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 0–3 m. the area, East and South Africa east to Pitcairn, north to Outside the area, East Africa. southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/ Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. Medium priority for conservation action. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 – Starry goby, star- ryfin goby, blue-spotted goby Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1880) – Cheek-scaled frill- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n goby (1976: 100); record confirmed as Asterropterix semipuncta- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 501), tus by Fr i c k e (1999: 498–499), based on SMNS and USNM based on SMNS material. material. Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in reef Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- and lagoon areas with rocks and gravel, including tidal dabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found pools, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, East and South on algal-coated reef rock and rubble of inner flats and turbid Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queens­ Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, Hawai- land/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. ian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Oga- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB. sawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Is- Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Me- land and Rapa. dium priority for conservation action. 100 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. ennes, 1837) – Spotted frillgoby Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 502), based on SMNS material. Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1879) – Pacific goby Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 504– rine species. Found on intertidal seaward reef flats and adja- 505), based on SMNS material. cent reefs including tidal pools, in habitats with coralline Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, rock adjacent to gravel or sand, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Mariana and crevices and caves of the coral reef, usually under loose de- Samoan islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western bris, at depths of 0.5–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Australia and New Caledonia. and South Africa east to Gambier and Marquesas islands, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia Medium priority for conservation action. and Tonga. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) – Dusky frillgoby EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma r q u e t et al. (1997: Medium priority for conservation action. 30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 502), based on SMNS material. Cotylopus acutipinnis Guichenot, 1863 – Mascarene goby; Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Cabot à bouche ronde, cabot de cascade, bichique, gobie gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water (Réunion) and marine. Found in shallow rocky areas, often in tidal Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t pools; also in estuaries, and ascending into freshwater (1863: C10–C11, C27); also described as C. parvipinnis by streams; at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C11–C13, C27); Wa t s o n (1995: 65–68) East Africa east to Wake, Gambier and Marquesas islands, acted as the first reviewer chosing Cotylopus acutipinnis as north to South Korea and southern Japan, south to Western the senior synonym; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Australia, Queensland/Australia, Norfolk Island and Tonga. 506–507), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. and marine. Found in swift clear rainforest streams; hatch- Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation ac- ing and larval stages in the sea, post-larvae and adults in tion. freshwater. Endemic to western Mascarenes. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Bathygobius smithi Fricke, 1999 – Black minigoby EUT, CON. Rare. Local importance. Very sensitive to hu- Taxonomy. Alternative name Bathygobius niger (Smith, 1960), man activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High if the West African species Gobius nigri Günther, 1861 is not priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of in Bathygobius. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: the EU Habitats Directive. 502), based on SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in shallow rocky Cryptocentrus fasciatus (Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867) areas, often in pools of the intertidal zone, with rocks, gravel – Barred prawn goby, Y-bar shrimp goby and sand, at depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 507). India to Sri Lanka. Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Found on sand near patch reefs, in burrows with alpheid CON. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low shrimps, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and priority for conservation action. East Africa east to Indonesia and New Guinea, south to Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. Cabillus tongarevae (Fowler, 1927) – Tongareva goby Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 504), HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone based on SMNS material. species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius(?), Aldabra. Marine species. action. Found on sandy bottoms of lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0.5–9 m. Outside the area, east to Hawaiian, Eviota distigma Jordan & Seale, 1906 – Twospot pygmy goby Line and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 508), Western Australia, Chesterfield Islands, and Tonga. based on SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Sey- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- chelles. Marine species. Found on and among live corals in um priority for conservation action. lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, Callogobius flavobrunneus (Smith, 1958) – Slimy goby north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 504), Caledonia and Austral Islands. based on SMNS material; previously listed as Mucogobius Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, sp. by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 100). HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Ami­ decline. High priority for conservation action. rantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found associated with lagoon and seaward reefs, usually under Eviota indica Lachner & Karnella, 1980 – Indian Ocean pygmy coralline rocks or in caves, at depths of 0.5–5 m. Outside the goby area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 508), Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, based on SMNS material. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 101

Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles, Car- Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) – Tank goby; Loche, go- gados Carajos. Marine species. Found on and among live bie (Réunion) corals in lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. En- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 77) as demic to islands in the western Indian Ocean. Gobius giuris; record confirmed as Glossogobius giuris by Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Fr i c k e (1999: 511–512), based on MHNRUN and MNHN HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found mainly in Eviota nigripinna Lachner & Karnella, 1980 – Blackfin pygmy freshwater and estuaries, but may enter the sea; also found in goby canals, ditches and ponds, in clear to turbid streams with Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by La c h ­ rock, gravel or sand bottoms. Outside the area, southern Red n e r & Ka r n e l l a (1980: 37–39); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Sea, East and South Africa east to Society Islands, north to (1999: 509), based on BPBM and SMNS material. Philippines, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands. Australia and New Caledonia. Marine species. Found among live corals in exposed reefs, at Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Maldives and Chagos EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Archipelago. Endemic to islands in the western and central Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Indian Ocean. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, Glossogobius kokius (Valenciennes [ex Russell] in Cuvier & HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Valenciennes, 1837) decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) as Gobius kokius. May be conspecific with Glossogobius Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871) – Green bubble goby giuris. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 509– Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water 510), based on SMNS material; previously listed as E. verna and marine. Found mainly in freshwater and estuaries, but by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 100). also enters the sea. Outside the area, India. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coralline rock Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–65 m, including tidal pools. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) – Anjer goby Africa east to Palau/Belau and Tuamotu Islands, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 512– southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western 513), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Taxo- Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. nomic decision of Ra n d a l l & Gr e e n f i e l d (2007: 3–6). Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. and marine. Found in shallow coastal bays and estuaries on silty sandy substrates, including coral reef lagoons, with Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, 1906 – Striped pygmy goby sparse algae or seagrass, at depths of 0–26 m. Outside the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 510), area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Mar- based on SMNS material. quesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Oga- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda­ sawara islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, bra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Lord Howe Island and Rapa. cies. Found on and among live corals in exposed reefs, at Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: HAB, depths of 0.5–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Mar- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Low shall and Samoan islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to priority for conservation action. Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Gnatholepis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) – Eyebar goby, shoul- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, derspot goby HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. (1976: 100) as Acentrogobius cauerensis; subsequently listed by Fr i c k e (1999: 512–513) as Gnatholepis scapulostigma, Fusigobius maximus (Randall, 2001) – Larger fusegoby based on SMNS material. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on SMNS 21017 Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega Islands. (1) and SMNS 21174 (1); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i ­ Marine species. Found in sheltered sandy areas from reef e n (1976: 100) as Fusigobius neophytus (non Günther, 1877), flats and lagoons to seaward coral reefs; over sandy bottoms and by Fr i c k e (1999: 506) as Coryphopterus neophytus (non near pieces of rubble, rock, or coral, at depths of 0–30 m. Günther, 1877). Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Wake, Mar- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- shall, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reef la- south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga. goon habitats, at depths of 0–21 m. Outside the area, south- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, ern Red Sea, Oman and Sri Lanka east to eastern Indonesia, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Philippines and New Caledonia. um priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Gobiodon citrinus (Rüppell, 1838) – Lemon coral goby um priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n 102 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

(1976: 100); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 514), based depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Sodwana Bay/South Af- on MNHN and SMNS material. rica. Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, Found associated with colonies of broadly branched corals CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (Acropora spp.), at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Medium priority for conservation action. Sea and East and South Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queens­ Hetereleotris zanzibarensis (Smith, 1958) – Goggle goby land/Australia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 516), Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, based on SMNS material. HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found associated Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. with coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Mal- Gobiodon rivulatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Rippled coral goby dives. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, (1976: 100); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 514), based CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Me- on SMNS material. dium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma- Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) – Decorated goby rine. Found associated with tabletop Acropora corals but al- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: so recorded from pools, freshwater streams or lagoon 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 516–517), based on mouths; at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East LEMUR, SMNS and USNM material. and South Africa east to Wake and Gambier islands, north to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, cies. Found on sand of clear lagoon and seaward coral and HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant rocky reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for and East Africa east to Rotuma and Tonga, north to southern Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Hetereleotris apora (Hoese & Winterbottom, 1979) – Poreless EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- goby able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 514), based on SMNS material. ?Myersina filifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Cargados Carajos. – Filamentous goby Marine species. Found associated with volcanic rocks, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius filifer by mainly in tidal rockpools, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); recorded as Cryptocentrus filifer by area, South Africa to Chagos Archipelago. Fr i c k e (1999: 507). The record from Réunion needs confir- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, mation according to Wi n t e r b o tt o m (2002: 70). CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms. Medium priority for conservation action. Outside the area, Arabian/Persian Gulf east to Pakistan, southern China north to Korea and Japan. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Hetereleotris georgegilli Gill, 1998 – Gill’s goby EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 515), priority for conservation action. based on SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. *Oxyurichthys guibei Smith, 1959 – Guibé’s goby Found associated with volcanic rocks, including tidal rock- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 517), pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Endemic to Mascarenes. based on MNHN holotype which was erroneously described Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, by Sm i t h (1959a: 215) from Mauritius. CON. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found on Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. soft bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, including estuaries. Endemic to Réunion. Hetereleotris kenyae Smith, 1958 – Kenya goby Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 515), EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activi- based on SMNS material. ties. Probable decline. High priority for conservation ac- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found associated with tion. coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, East Africa. Paragobiodon echinocephalus (Rüppell, 1830) – Redhead coral Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT, goby CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Medium priority for conservation action. (1976: 100). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Hetereleotris margaretae Hoese, 1986 – Smoothscale goby rine species. Found among branches of live Stylophora coral, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 515), at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Tua- based on SMNS material. motu and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found associated with to Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 103

HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- area, Red Sea east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, south nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- to Western Australia, Norfolk, Tongan and Austral islands. posed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Paragobiodon modestus (Regan, 1908) – Warthead goby um priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 518), based on SMNS material. Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770) – Bichique; Cabot Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Farquhar lézard, cabot à bouche ronde, bichique Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found among the Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Sicydium lagocepha- branches of live Pocillopora corals, at depths of 0–9 m. lum by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1837: 174– ­Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and Society 176); previously described as Gobius caeruleus Lacepède islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Is- [ex Commerson], 1800 by La c e p è d e (1800: 537, 560–561); land. also described as Sicydium laticeps Valenciennes (Va l e n c i ­ Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, e n n e s in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes 1837: 177); record con- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 522–523), based on MHNRUN and decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for MNHN material. Sm i t h & Sp a r k s (2007: 103–107) proposed Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. to suppress the name Gobius lagocephalus Pallas, 1770; this proposal was objected by Ko tt e l a t et al. (2008: 57–60) and Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831 – Common mudskipper; others. Cabot (Réunion) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Fresh- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. water, transitional water and marine. Found in fast-flowing (2004: 205). sections of clear rainforest streams over rocky bottoms, up Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- to 800 m altitude; hatching in freshwater, larval stage mi- ter or marine. Amphibious air-breather that spends most of grating to sea, postlarval stage to adult in freshwater. Out- its time out of the water; able to meet its oxygen require- side the area, on islands east to French Polynesia. ments as long as it stays wet; typically resting on mud, or Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, rocks, with their tails dipped in the water; at depths of EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone 0–2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa. species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, action. EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Stenogobius polyzona (Bleeker, 1867) – Chinestripe goby; Cabot Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. rayé (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius polyzona by Pleurosicya micheli Fourmanoir, 1971 – Michel’s ghost goby Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 370); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 519), (1999: 523), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. based on SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater, Distribution. Réunion, Amirantes. Marine species. Found on transitional water and marine. Found in freshwater streams live hard corals, sometimes on the mantle of clams, and eggs and rivers, preferring estuaries and slow-flowing water; are usually laid on ascidians, at depths of 1–38 m. Outside hatching and larval stages occur at sea. Outside the area, the area, east to Hawaiian Islands and Tonga, north to south- endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. ern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS, EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for decline. High priority for conservation action. Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.

Priolepis cinctus (Regan, 1908) – Girdled goby, convict goby Stonogobiops dracula Polunin & Lubbock, 1977 – Dracula Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 520 as shrimp-goby Priolepis cincta), based on SMNS and USNM material. Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega served and photographed during a visual census, at Saint- Islands, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Transitional Paul, at 40 m depth, in Aug. 2008 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu­ water and marine. Found in caves and crevices, also among l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). corals or rock, at depths of 0–78 m. Outside the area, Red Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on Sea east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Oga- sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis sawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Elizabeth and with the alpheid shrimp Alpheus randalli, at depths of 15– Middleton reefs, and New Caledonia. 37 m. Outside the area, Maldives. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. um priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action.

Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Valenciennea helsdingenii (Bleeker, 1858) – Twostripe goby, 1837) – Half-barred goby railway glider Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wi n t e r b o tt o m & Bu r ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 523). r i d g e (1993: 508–511); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found singly 521), based on SAIAB and SMNS material. but usually in pairs over silty flat sand patches, or rubble Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands, substrates, on outer reefs at the bottom of coral or rocky Seychelles. Marine species. Found in caves and crevices, drop-offs, rarely in lagoons, at depths of 1–45 m. Outside the also among corals or rock, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Line and Marquesas is- 104 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

lands, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales/ Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Australia and New Caledonia. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Nemateleotris decora Randall & Allen, 1973 – Elegant firefish Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- served and photographed during a visual census, on the ennes, 1837) – Sixspot goby, ladder glider outer coral reef, in 2006 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 53); v i l l e ). previously described from Réunion as Eleotris lantzii by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on Th o m i n o t (1878: 256); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: sand and rubble bottom adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 524), based on MNHN material. 25–70 m. Outside the area, east to Samoa, north to Ryukyu Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Islands, south to New Caledonia. dabra, Agalega Islands, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles, Car- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, gados Carajos. Marine species. Found in silty or sandy areas EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. of lagoons and bays, usually in pairs and lives in a burrow Medium priority for conservation action. under rocks, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Yaeyama Nemateleotris magnifica Fowler, 1938 – Fire goby, fire dartfish and Ryukyu islands, south to Western Australia and Queens­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Nemateleotris magnifi- land/Australia. cus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 100); record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Fr i c k e (1999: 525–526), based on SAIAB material. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega um priority for conservation action. Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in upper portions of outer coral or rocky reef slopes; hovers above the bottom Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet [ex Forster], 1782) – Blue­ at depths of 6–70 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa streak goby, pennant glider east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to south- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 241). ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Austra- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- lia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, cies. Found in clear outer lagoon and seaward coral or rocky EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- reefs, over hard bottoms as well as over sand and rubble; um priority for conservation action. usually in pairs, hovering near their burrow; at depths of 0–24 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Ptereleotris evides (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925) – Blackfin dartfish, Line, Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Ja- scissortail pan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Ho e s e Tonga. (1985: 11–13); previously listed as Ptereleotris tricolor by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- (1999: 526), based on BPBM material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Vanderhorstia ornatissima Smith, 1959 – Ornate prawn-goby Found in outer coral or rocky reef slopes, also inhabits la- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- goons and bays; hovers 1–2 m above the bottom at depths of served and photographed during a visual census, in the inner 2–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa and outer coral reef, in 2006 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. east to Wake Atoll and Oeno/Pitcairn Group, north to south- Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Austra- Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. lia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Ra- Found on sandy areas among seagrass and in silty lagoons pa. amongst rubble, in symbiosis with alpheid shrimps, at depths Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rapa. um priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Ptereleotris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1855) – Dartfish Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Ho e s e (1985: 16–17); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 526), based on BPBM material. M i c r o d e s m i d a e – Microdesmids Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoons or bays, in passes, or on outer coral or Gunnellichthys curiosus Dawson, 1968 – Curious wormfish rocky reef slopes; over hard substrate as well as patches of Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens ob- rubble or sand, usually at the base of the reef, at depths of served and photographed during a visual census, on the 3–46 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa outer and inner coral reef, in Aug. 2008 (A. Di r i n g e r , T. east to Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Ja- Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , T. Ca d e t ). pan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/ Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. sand and rubble slopes or mud bottoms, takes refuge in bur- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, rows, at depths of 9–60 m. Outside the area, East Africa east EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- to Hawaiian and Society islands. um priority for conservation action. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 105

Ptereleotris zebra (Fowler, 1938) – Zebra dartfish Platax teira (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Longfin batfish, long- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 527). fin spadefish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 239); Found in exposed seaward coral reefs in relatively shallow record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 529–530), based on water, over hard bottoms, at depths of 2–31 m. Outside the ­MHNRUN material. area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Line and Marquesas Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional wa- islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, ter and marine. Adults are found in sheltered bays as well as south to New South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe Island. deep offshore, associated with coral reefs; juveniles with Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, floating debris and form aggregations; at depths of 0–20 m. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to um priority for conservation action. Northern Marianas, Solomon and Loyalty islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and Norfolk Island. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, X e n i s t h m i d a e – Wrigglers HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Xenisthmus africanus Smith, 1958 – Flathead wriggler Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 101). S i g a n i d a e – Spinefeet, rabbitfishes Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- cies. Found on the sandy fringe of coral reefs, at depths of Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Silver rabbitfish, 2–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to streamlined spinefoot; Sigan vermiculé Philippines and New Guinea. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Wo o d l a n d (1984b: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 2 unnumbered pp.). EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- um priority for conservation action. dabra. Marine species. Found on coastal and inner reef slopes and lagoons, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn, E p h i p p i d a e – Batfishes north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia Platax orbicularis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Orbicular bat- and Rapa. fish, circular spadefish Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ma u g é & He e m s tr a HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as P. blochii by decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26), and as P. vespertilio by Bl e e k e r (1874: 94); record of P. orbicularis confirmed by Fr i c k e Siganus laqueus Bonde, 1934 – Star-spotted rabbitfish, brown- (1999: 528–529), based on MHNRUN material. spotted spinefoot; Sigan marguerite Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as S. stellatus laqueus by dabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in Fr i c k e (1999: 531); previously listed as S. stellatus (non shallow protected coastal waters to deep, somewhat silty Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Wo o d l a n d (1984b: 2 unnum- habitats; juveniles occur singly or in small groups among bered pp.). inner sheltered lagoons while adults move out to open waters Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- over sandy areas of deep lagoons, channels, and seaward gascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water coral reefs; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, and marine. Found in coral reefs; juveniles enter weedy es- East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to tuaries; at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, South and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, East Africa east to Singapore. and Tonga. Introduced into West Atlantic waters off Florida, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, USA. HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Prob- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Siganus luridus (Rüppell [ex Ehrenberg], 1829) – Squaretail rab- bitfish, dusky spinefoot; Marguerite du large (Réunion), si- Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Dusky batfish gan sombre (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 529), Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Amphacanthus luridus based on MHNRUN material. by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); subsequently described as Si- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Carga- ganus spinus (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é dos Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Adults are found (1961b: 13–14, fig. 7); record of S. luridus confirmed by solitary, under overhangs of steep outer coral reef slopes; Fr i c k e (1999: 530–531), based on BPBM and MHNRUN juveniles among inner sheltered reefs where they seek shel- material. ter in caves or under ledges; at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- area, east to Solomon Islands. rine species. Found on hard bottom of compacted sand with Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le­ rock or coral debris associated with coral reefs, at depths of t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, EUT, 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa, recently CON. Sensitive to human activities. High priority for con- immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Ca- servation action. nal. 106 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. 1835 – Eyestripe surgeonfish Medium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 un- numbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 535–536), Siganus sutor (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) – based on MHNRUN material. African white-spotted rabbitfish, shoemaker spinefoot; Si- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- gan cordonnier chelles. Marine species. Found in deep coastal reef slopes Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion as Am- and outer reef walls, juveniles in algae on rocky reefs; at phacanthus sutor by Valenciennes in Cu v i e r & Va l e n c i ­ depths of 4–131 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa e n n e s (1835: 148–150); subsequently listed as Teuthis fus­ east to Hawaiian and Line islands, north to southern Japan cescens (non Houttuyn, 1782) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 96), and as and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Siganus oramin (non Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369); record of S. sutor confirmed Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, by Fr i c k e (1999: 532–533), based on LEMUR and MNHN HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. material. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in inshore areas SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- and inner reefs, often among seagrass, at depths of 5–50 m. soning. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to Chagos Archipelago. Acanthurus guttatus Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801 – Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, White-spotted surgeonfish HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); Medium priority for conservation action. record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 536), based on ­MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in the surge zone of clear seaward coral reefs, at Z a n c l i d a e – Moorish idols depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu is- Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Moorish idol; Cocher lands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and blanc Rapa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Chaetodon cornutus by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, La c e p è d e (1802: 453, 471–477); subsequently recorded as HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable Zanclus canescens by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 164); record con- decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 533–534), based on LEMUR, from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- ciguatera poisoning. gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine spe- cies. Found in turbid inner lagoons, reef flats, and clear Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1833 – Powder-blue surgeon- seaward rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 3–182 m. Outside fish the area, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western (1962b: 9); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 536–537), Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. based on observations by P. Du r v i l l e and E. Te s s i e r . Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear coral reefs, Medium priority for conservation action. usually found on reef flats and along upper seaward slopes, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Indonesia. A c a n t h u r i d a e – Surgeonfishes, unicornfishes Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from 1835 – Tailring surgeonfish commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ 164); previously listed as A. annularis by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: tera poisoning. C27). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lined surgeonfish dabra. Marine species. Found in outer lagoon and seaward Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n coral reefs, at depths of 1–12 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 537), based East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, on a visual record (at Boucan-Canot, 1999). north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Lord Howe Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Europa Island, Comores, Island. Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, clear coral reefs, usually found on reef flats and along upper HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Decline un- seaward slopes, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, East known. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New ciguatera poisoning. Caledonia. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 107

Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- avoid ciguatera poisoning. 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ tera poisoning. Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) – Black-barred surgeon- fish Acanthurus mata Russell in Cuvier, 1829 – Elongate surgeon- Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Bl e e ­ fish k e r (1868c: 277–278) as Rhombotides polyzona; record con- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as A. mataa by Ha rm e l i n - firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 540–541), based on BPBM, Vi v i e n (1976: 101); subsequently recorded as A. bleekeri by MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Mayotte, Mada- Fr i c k e (1999: 534, 538) as A. bleekeri and A. mata. gascar. Marine species. Found on rocky reefs subjected to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. cool upwelling waters, including tidal pools, at depths of Found on steep slopes, often in turbid waters, generally in 0–10 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian the vicinity of coral reefs or rocky bottoms, at depths of Ocean. 3–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, east to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to southern HAB, EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activi- Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Austra- ties. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation ac- lia and New Caledonia. tion. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Low priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Acanthurus tennentii Günther, 1861 – Lieutenant surgeonfish, DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- doubleband surgeonfish ing. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 un- numbered pp.); previously recorded as A. olivaceus (non Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929 – Epaulette sur- Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by Fo u rm a n o i r & geonfish Gu é z é (1962b: 9). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 164); previously recorded as Acanthurus gahm (non Forsskål gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in la- in Niebuhr, 1775) and A. nigricans (non Linnaeus, 1758) by goon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m. Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 9); record confirmed by ­Fr i c k e Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Sri (1999: 538–539), based on MHNRUN material. Lanka and western Indonesia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. and seaward coral and rocky reefs around isolated coral Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- heads; prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons, at depths mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- Tuamotu Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queens­ soning. land/Australia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923) – Chocolate surgeonfish HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: Low priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- 283). cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- Found on steep outer coral and rocky reef slopes and drop- ing. offs, over coral and sand, at depths of 4–119 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Dusky and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara surgeonfish Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu­ Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, v i e r & Valenciennes (1835: 214–215); subsequently recorded HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. as A. orbicularis (non Valenciennes [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27), as mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ A. lineolatus by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 9), and as A. SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- elongatus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 101); record confirmed soning. by Fr i c k e (1999: 539–540), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Convict surgeonfish; Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Cordonnier (Réunion) gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on hard Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); substrates of shallow lagoon and seaward coral and rocky record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 542–543), based on reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East ­LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material. and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa. Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, with hard substrate; juveniles abundant in tide pools; at HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. depths of 0–90 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Pan- 108 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

ama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, to Lord Howe, Kermadec, Rapa and Ducie islands. 1835) – Humpback unicorn Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1998: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 283); previously recorded as N. rigoletto by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i ­ Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. e n (1976: 101). Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to deep coral reef, on seaward coral reef slopes, and on rocky avoid ciguatera poisoning. shores, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to south- Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci- ern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and ennes, 1835 – Yellowfin surgeonfish; Chirurgien (Réunion) Tonga. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, also described as A. gahmoides by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C8–C9, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. C27); subsequently listed as A. matoides by Bl e e k e r (1874: Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- 97), and A. fuliginosus by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 9); mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 543–544), based on SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. soning. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in various coral Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) – Spotted unicornfish, palefin reef habitats, sand slopes and lagoons, at depths of 0–100 m. unicornfish Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, as Naseus brevirostris; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: south to Queensland/Australia. 546), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. gascar, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- benthopelagic along steep seaward reef drop-offs, also along mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ rocky shores, at depths of 1–122 m. Outside the area, Red SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- Sea, East and South Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago, soning. north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Striated sur- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, geonfish HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 544–545), mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ based on LEMUR, MNHN and USNM material. SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- soning. gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward reefs, over coral, rock, pave- Naso elegans (Rüppell, 1829) – Indian Ocean orangespine uni- ment, or rubble substrates, at depths of 3–30 m. Outside the cornfish area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as N. north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to lituratus (non Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and Rapa. Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 9); record confirmed as N. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, lituratus by Fr i c k e (1999: 547), based on MHNRUN and HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. MNHN material. Naso lituratus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Forster], 1801) is restricted to the Pacific Ocean (see Ra n ­ Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to d a l l 2002: 84). Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- avoid ciguatera poisoning. chelles. Marine species. Found in areas of coral, rock, or rubble of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–90 m. Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements, 2001 – Goldring Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to bridletooth western Indonesia, excluding the northern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l & Cl e m e n t s Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, (2001: 25); previously recorded as Acanthurus strigosus (non HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 96); record con- Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 545) as Ctenochaetus strigosus (non mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), based on MNHN material. SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- soning. gascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found among inner reef crests and slopes, usually near large coral heads or in gut- Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) – Sleek unicornfish ters, at depths of 1–21 m. Outside the area, East and South Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l (1984: 2 un- Africa east to Indonesia. numbered pp); previously listed as N. tapeinosoma by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. (1999: 547), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to species. Found in clear lagoon reefs and seaward reef slopes, Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to at depths of 6–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East avoid ciguatera poisoning. Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Ducie islands, north fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 109

to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord moats, lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs with strong Howe Island. surge, at depths of 1–180 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned south to Lord Howe Island and Rapa. from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. ciguatera poisoning. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Naso thynnoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- – Oneknife unicornfish soning. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 548), based Naso vlamingi (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) on BPBM and MNHN material. – Bignose unicornfish; Nason zébré Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Found in steep outer lagoon and seaward coral reef slopes, at (2004: 205). depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Caro- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. line Islands. Found in mid-water aggregations along seaward coral reefs, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Ja- decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned pan, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté Caledonia. nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, ciguatera poisoning. HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Naso tuberosus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Humpnose Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to unicornfish Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n avoid ciguatera poisoning. (1976: 101); previously listed as N. tuber by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27). Paracanthurus hepatus (Linné, 1766) – Palette surgeonfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 550–551), reefs, at depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa. based on MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable chelles. Marine species. Found in clear, current-swept ter- decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned races of seaward reefs; observed in loose aggregations 1–2 m from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typically in groups nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid near isolated Pocillopora coral heads; at depths of 2–40 m. ciguatera poisoning. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marshall and Line islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- Naso unicolor (Günther [ex Liénard], 1861) – Slender unicorn- lands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, New fish; Licorne (Réunion) Caledonia and Samoa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, 75) as Naso minor; previously listed as Axinurus dipeltis and HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- A. leptopeltis [nomina nuda] by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27). nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Naso minor was placed in the synonymy of N. unicolor by Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Fr i c k e (1999: 549); Ra n d a l l (2001: 171) disagreed and treat- Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to ed N. unicolor as indeterminable. avoid ciguatera poisoning. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on coastal to outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 8–50 m. Out- Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, side the area, East Africa east to Philippines. 1835) – Gem surgeonfish Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable 53). decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté rine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, juveniles in reef nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid lagoons; at depths of 1–61 m. Outside the area, East and ciguatera poisoning. South Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Naso unicornis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bluespine unicorn- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. fish; Licorne (Réunion) Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ (1867: IX) as Naseus unicornis; previously listed as Naseus SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- fronticornis by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27); record confirmed by soning. Fr i c k e (1999: 549–550), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN material. Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829) – Brushtail tang Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in channels, 164); previously listed as Harpurus rhombeus (non Kittlitz, 110 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

1834) and H. Rüppelli by Bl e e k e r (1874: 97), and as Zebra- wide range of habitats from murky inner harbours to open soma flavescens (non Bennett, 1828) by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n seas; at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, in all tropical (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 551–553), oceans except the eastern Pacific. based on LEMUR and SMNS material. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear, current- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. swept terraces of seaward reefs; observed in loose aggrega- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to tions 1–2 m above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typi- Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to cally in groups near isolated Pocillopora coral heads; at avoid ciguatera poisoning. depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 – Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Yellowstripe barracuda; Bécune (Réunion), bécune obtuse Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Valenciennes (1829a: 350–352, part), supported by Do u i c h i mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ & Na k a b o (2005: 137–143); subsequently listed as S. obtusa SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- by Bl e e k e r (1874: 79), as S. chrysotaenia (non Klunzinger, soning. 1884) by Sy l v i a & Wi l l i a m s in Sm i t h & He e m s tr a (1986: 723), and as S. Commersoni by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 368– Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch, 1795) – Desjardin’s sailfin tang 373); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 556–557), based on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C27) MNHN material. as Acanthurus velifer; subsequently listed as Zebrasoma Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- veliferum by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1962b: 9); record con- chelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in bays and firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 554–555), based on LEMUR and estuaries, in seagrass beds and rocky reefs, at depths of 10– MNHN material. 120 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to Lord gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine spe- Howe Island. cies. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB, zone; solitary juveniles found among rocks or coral of shal- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low low protected, sometimes turbid reefs; at depths of 0–30 m. priority for conservation action. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Oga- sawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Austra- lia, New Caledonia and Rapa. G e m p y l i d a e – Snake mackerels Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829 – Snake mackerel decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984a: commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- 2 unnumbered pp.). 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Oceanic; tera poisoning. adults migrate to the surface at night while larvae and juve- niles are found near the surface during the day; at depths of 0–600 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical, subtropi- S p h y r a e n i d a e – Barracudas cal and temperate oceans. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876 – Sharp-fin barracuda EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 555); Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. previously described as S. obtusata (part: non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Va­ Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) – Escolar l e n c i e n n e s (1829a: 350–352). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984a: Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in 2 unnumbered pp.). lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas Found over the continental slope; migrates upward at night, and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan. at depths of (0–)200–885 m. Outside the area, worldwide in Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB, tropical and subtropical oceans. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, High priority for conservation action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Sphyraena barracuda (Catesby [ex Edwards], 1771) – Great bar- racuda; Barracuda (Réunion) Prometichthys prometheus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 1832) – Roudi escolar (1963: 17); previously described as S. Dussumieri by Va l e n ­ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) c i e n n e s in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1831: 508–509); record as Gempylus prometheus. confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 555), based on MHNRUN mate- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. rial. Found on continental and island slopes, migrates to midwa- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. ter at night, at depths of 80–800 m. Outside the area, world- Transitional water and marine. Juveniles occur in estuaries wide in tropical and warm temperate oceans. and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adults are found in a Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 111

EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 – Cutlassfish; Poisson sabre able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. commun (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Rexea promethoides (Bleeker, 1856) – Royal escolar (1963: 8–9); previously listed as T. savala (non Cuvier, 1829) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a & Pa r i n by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1993: 48–49); previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1999: 559–560), based on MHNRUN material. (1967: 55–56) as R. solandri (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valen- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthope- ciennes, 1832). lagic, at depths of 0–350 m. Outside the area, worldwide in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthope- tropical and temperate waters. lagic, at depths of 135–540 m. Outside the area, East Africa Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, east to Fiji and Tuvalu, north to southern Japan, south to EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low northern Australia. priority for conservation action. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. S c o m b r i d a e – Mackerels and tunas

Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 – Oilfish; Rouvet (Réunion) Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 1831) – Wahoo; Thon banane (Réunion), thazard-batard (1967: 56); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 558–559), (France) based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine (1963: 6). species. Benthopelagic or pelagic, over the continental shelf, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- sometimes in oceanic waters; usually solitary or in pairs gascar. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–12 m. Out- near the bottom, at depths of 100–800 m. Outside the area, in side the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans. all tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans. Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation um priority for conservation action. action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.

Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929 – Black snoek; Escolier grac- Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948 – Slender tuna; Thon élégant ile (Réunion) (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co l l e tt e (1984: 2 un- (1967: 55); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 559), based on numbered pp.). MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, worldwide in Mesobenthopelagic, at depths of 0–400 m. Outside the area, oceans between 20°S and 50°S. East and South Africa east to Vanuatu, north to southern Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia. FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- action. um priority for conservation action. Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) – Bullet tuna Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co l l e tt e & Na u e n T r i c h i u r i d a e – Cutlassfishes (1983: 29–30); recorded by Fr i c k e (1999: 563) as A. rochei rochei. Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke, 1879) – Elongate frostfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, in tropical and warm mitted). temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian and West Pacific Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar Ridge. Marine species. oceans. Benthopelagic, juveniles mesopelagic, at depths of 178– Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: 950 m. Outside the area, temperate oceans of the southern FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- hemisphere. stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) – Frigate tuna; Thazard Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co l l e tt e & Na u e n Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther, 1887 – Poey’s scabbardfish (1983: 30–31); recorded by Fr i c k e (1999: 563) as A. thazard Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a & Pa r i n thazard. (1993: 88–89). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthope- Pelagic, at depths of 20–50 m. Outside the area, in tropical lagic, at depths of 0–400 m. Outside the area, southern Japan and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian and West to Kyushu-Palau Ridge. Pacific oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. priority for conservation action. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. 112 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1850) – Eastern little tuna; Bonite la the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, côte (Réunion), thonine orientale (France) north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, 16, 74); previously listed as Thynnus thunnina (non Cuvier, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. 1829) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) as Euthynnus yaito by Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: 369), and as E. alletteratus (non posed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 4); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 563), based on Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1800) ­MHNRUN material. – King mackerel; Thon blanc (Réunion), thazard rayé Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- (France) chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Out- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26) side the area, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to as Cybium Commersonii; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia. 565–566), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, from shallow water to edge Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- of continental shelf, at depths of 10–70 m. Outside the area, posed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Palau/Belau and Fiji, north to Korea and southern Japan, south to New South Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836) – Dogtooth tuna; Thon Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island, re- dents à chien (Réunion), bonite à gros yeux (France) cently immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: Canal. 369, 370, 373); subsequently listed as G. nuda by Fo u r ­ Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, m a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 4). EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Pro- species. An offshore species mainly found around coral posed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. reefs, at depths of 10–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to French Polynesia, north to southern Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Albacore; Thon batard Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and (Réunion) Rapa. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB, (1963: 6) as Germo alalungà; previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone (1863: C26) as Thynnus vulgaris (non Cuvier in Cuvier & species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation ac- Valenciennes, 1832), and by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: X) tion. as Thynnus thynnus (non Linnaeus, 1758). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) – Skipjack tuna; Bonite Oceanic, pelagic, at depths of 0–600 m. Outside the area, kalou (Réunion) worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: (1963: 4). FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation Pelagic offshore, at depths of 0–260 m. Outside the area, action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Yellowfin tuna; Thon EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. jaune (Réunion) Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co l l e tt e (1984: 2 un- numbered pp.); previously listed by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier [ex Russell], 1816) – Indian (1963: 6) as Neothunnus macropterus; record confirmed by mackerel; Macquereau des Indes Fr i c k e (1999: 566), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 564– Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- 565), based on MHNRUN material. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Oceanic, pelagic, at Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. depths of 0–250 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical Found in coastal bays, harbours and deep lagoons, usually in and subtropical waters. some turbid plankton-rich waters, at depths of 20–90 m. Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Aus- stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation tralia. action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) – Bigeye tuna; Thon gros yeux Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Co l l e tt e (1984: 2 un- Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) – Striped bonito; numbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 566–567), Bonite (Réunion), bonite oriental (France) based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 565); Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. previously listed as Pelamys sarda (non Bloch, 1793) by Oceanic, pelagic, at depths of 0–250 m. Outside the area, Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C26). worldwide in tropical and subtropical water. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: rine species. Coastal pelagic, at depths of 1–167 m. Outside FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 113

stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994).

X i p h i i d a e – Swordfishes Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 – Blue marlin; Marlin bleu (Réunion), makaire bleu (France) Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 – Swordfish; Espadon Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984b: 2 (Réunion) unnumbered pp.); previously listed as M. nigricans (non Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984c: Lacepède, 1802) by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é (1963: 1, pl. 1, 2 unnumbered pp.) and Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 16, 74). fig. 2); record confirmed as Makaira mazara by Fr i c k e Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. (1999: 561), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomic deci- Pelagic, at depths of 0–800 m. Outside the area, worldwide sion of Co l l e tt e et al. (2006: 465). in tropical and temperate waters. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Outside the area, tropical, FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- subtropical and temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific. stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- 1994). vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994). I s t i o p h o r i d a e – Sailfishes Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1914 – Shortbill spearfish; Istiompax indicus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832) – Marlin rostre court (Réunion) Black marlin; Makaire noir Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984b: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é 2 unnumbered pp.) and Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 74). (1963: 4) as Istiompax indicus. Taxonomic decision of Co l ­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. l e tt e et al. (2006: 465). Pelagic, at depths of 0–1830 m. Outside the area, antiequato- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- rial in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, rine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–915 m. Outside the area, straying into the southeastern Atlantic. worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994). 1994).

Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder [ex Shaw], 1792) – N o m e i d a e – Driftfishes Sailfish; Voilier (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Na k a m u r a (1984b: Cubiceps capensis (Smith, 1845) – Cape fathead 2 unnumbered pp.) and Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 16, 74, Xiphi- Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen col- as platypterus); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 560), lected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at 350 m depth, in based on MHNRUN material. 2006 (P. Du r v i l l e , E. Te s s i e r , T. Mu l o c h a u ). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of chelles. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Out- 0–350 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and tem- side the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. perate oceans. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- Low priority for conservation action. vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus Cubiceps whiteleggii (Waite, 1894) – Indian driftfish; Dérivant 1994). indien Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) – Striped marlin; Marlin rayé Ha e d r i c h & Nz i o k a (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Psenes (Réunion) squamiceps, by Fr i c k e (1999: 562) as P. squamiceps, and by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é Le t o u r n e u r et al. (2004: 205) as Cubiceps sp., based on (1963: 1, pl. 1, fig. 2) as Makaira audax. Taxonomic decision MNHN material. of Co l l e tt e et al. (2006: 465). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found on deep water on the continental slope, at depths of Pelagic, at depths of 0–1830 m. Outside the area, Red Sea 250–800 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to and East Africa east to Panama. Japan, south to eastern Australia. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- priority for conservation action. 114 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

O s p h r o n e m i d a e – Gouramis soft bottoms, at depths of 250–450 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Maldives, questionably Taiwan. Osphronemus goramy Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Gourami; Gouramier (Réunion) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by La c e p è d e (1801: 117– priority for conservation action. 121), locality erroneously given as Isle de France/Mauritius; previously described by Co mm e r s o n (1767–1771a: “Faun. Borb. 127, Le poisson Gourami”) from Saint-Denis; sub­ S a m a r i d a e – Crested flounders sequently described as Osphronemus olfax by Cu v i e r in Cu v i e r & Valenciennes (1831: 377–387), locality again er- Samaris costae Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1989 – Costa’s crested roneously given as Isle de France/Mauritius; record con- flounder firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 568–569), based on MHNRUN Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Qu é r o et al. material. (1989: 105–107); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 572), Distribution. Réunion (introduced in the mid 17th century), Mau- based on MNHN material. ritius (introduced). Freshwater species. Found naturally in Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms, swamps, lakes and rivers with vegetation, introduced for at depths of 90–227 m. Known only from Réunion. aquaculture purposes. Outside the area, originally limited to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Sumatera, Borneo and Java, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand EUT. Global importance. Sensitive to human activities. De- and Indochina. cline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species advisable. B o t h i d a e – Lefteyed flounders

Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) – Threespot gourami Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782) – Peacock flounder; Sole Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Va l a d e (2008: 3). (Réunion) Distribution. Réunion (introduced). Freshwater species. Found Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: in marshes, swamps and canals. Outside the area, originally 99); previously listed as Rhombus Bourboniensis (nomen Southeast Asia. Introduced into tropical freshwater habi- nudum) and R. lunatus (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Gu i c h e n o t tats. (1863: C29); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 570–571), Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of based on MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. De s o u t ­ Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species t e r et al. (2001: 346) consider Rhombus Bourboniensis as advisable. unidentifiable, and not identical with Bothus mancus. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found C a p r o i d a e – Boarfishes on sand bottoms near coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Out- side the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Mexico, Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843 – Deepbody boarfish north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Lord Howe, Rapa and Ducie islands. (2004: 204). Also MHNRUN material (Du r v i l l e et al. sub- Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. mitted). Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Adults are found close to ority for conservation action. bottom while juveniles occur in mid water; at depths of 50– 900 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropi- Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) – Leopard flounder; Sole cal oceans. (Réunion) Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fo u rm a n o i r & Gu é z é EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- (1962b: 1); subsequently listed as B. mancus (non Brousson- known. Low priority for conservation action. et, 1782) by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 242); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 571), based on LEMUR, SMNS and USNM Antigonia rubescens (Günther, 1860) – Indo-Pacific boarfish material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- mitted), based on MHNRUN material. dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths near coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red of 50–750 m. Outside the area, India east to Philippines, Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and north to Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledo- Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- nia. lands, south to Lord Howe Island. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT. EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline un- Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low pri- known. Low priority for conservation action. ority for conservation action.

P l e u r o n e c t i d a e – Flounders S o l e i d a e – Soles

Poecilopsetta natalensis Norman, 1931 – African righteye Aseraggodes diringeri (Quéro, 1997) – Diringer’s sole flounder Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Pardachirus Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 572), diringeri by Qu é r o (1997: 320–323); record confirmed by based on MNHN material. Fr i c k e (1999: 572), based on MNHN material. Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 115

sand bottoms in coral reef environments, at depths of 0–35 m. B a l i s t i d a e – Triggerfishes Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Chagos Ar- chipelago. Abalistes stellatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Anonymus, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, 1798) – Starry triggerfish; Bourse mulet (Réunion) HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 75); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 576–577), based on MHNRUN material. Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858 Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n a u d (1931: dabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found on 301). mud and silt sand bottoms; adults on deep coral reef slopes Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms. and usually seen swimming high above the bottom, some- Outside the area, Maldives east to South China Sea. times found in estuaries; juveniles in sheltered coastal bays Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, and estuaries with outcrops of rubble or debris on open sub- EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. strates; at depths of 1–350 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Medium priority for conservation action. and South Africa east to Palau/Belau, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia; also Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – eastern tropical Atlantic. Peacock sole Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C29) EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- as Achirus marmoratus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. 573–574), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Found on sand and mud bottoms of lagoon and seaward avoid ciguatera poisoning. reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Onslow/Western Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) – Orange-striped triggerfish Australia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 577), based on EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- ­MHNRUN material. um priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- gascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found in Soleichthys tubifera (Peters, 1877) – Mascarene tubesole coral-rich areas of seaward reefs, at depths of 1–50 m. Out- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 574– side the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line, 575), based on MHNG material; previously described as Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan Solea borbonica by Re g a n (1905: 393, pl. 6, fig. 2). and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, soft bottoms. Endemic to western Mascarenes. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT, Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.

C y n o g l o s s i d a e – Tongue soles Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Clown triggerfish; Bourse piastre, bourse pièce (Réunion), baliste Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977 – Lachner’s tonguesole léopard, baliste clown (France) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o (1997: 327); re- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 575), based on MNHN as Balistes conspicillum; subsequently listed as Balistoides material. conspiculum by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 75); record con- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Demersal firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 578), based on MHNRUN and on shallow sand or mud bottoms, at depths of 1–15 m. Out- MNHN material. side the area, East and South Africa. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda­ Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT, bra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- clear seaward coral and rocky reefs adjacent to steep drop- um priority for conservation action. offs, at depths of 1–75 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Hokkaido/Japan and Symphurus ocellatus Bonde, 1922 – Doublespot tonguesole Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Qu é r o & Ma u g é (1989: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 393); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 576), based on EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- MNHN material. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to chelles. Marine species. Bathydemersal on soft bottoms, at Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to depths of 430–640 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Gulf of avoid ciguatera poisoning. Oman, East and South Africa. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Titan trig- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Me- gerfish; Bourse jaune (Réunion), baliste verdâtre (France) dium priority for conservation action. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bi a i s & Ta q u e t (1992: 116 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

45); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 578–579), based on Melichthys vidua (Richardson [ex Solander], 1845) – Pinktail MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. triggerfish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and sea- (1976: 102). ward reefs and sheltered inner coral and rocky reef slopes; Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in seaward coral juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching reefs with rich invertebrate growth, at depths of 4–60 m. coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas, including Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, tidal pools; adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Ja- deep lagoon or seaward reefs; at depths of 0–50 m. Outside pan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Great Barrier Reef/ the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, lands, south to New South Wales/Australia and Tonga. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1836) – Redtooth triggerfish; Bourse noire (Réunion) Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) – Rough triggerfish; Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu t c h i n s (1984: 2 un- Bourse (Réunion) numbered pp.); previously described by Co mm e r s o n (1767– Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 10) as 1771b: “Faun. Borb. No. 13, Le Bourse noire de l’île de Balistes (Canthidermis) maculatus; previously listed by Bourbon”); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 580–581), Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) as B. angulosus; record confirmed by based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Fr i c k e (1999: 579), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Epipelagic rine species. Found in current-swept seaward coral and in shallow coastal and offshore waters, at depths of 1–110 m. rocky reefs, at depths of 5–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Society is- oceans. lands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, and Tonga. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to ing. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Melichthys indicus Randall & Klausewitz, 1973 – Indian Ocean triggerfish Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829) – Yellowface Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 579); triggerfish previously listed as Balistes (Balistapus) niger (non Bloch, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: 40, 1786) by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71, in part). 83). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Tran- species. Found on coral-rich seaward coral reef slopes, at sitional water and marine. Found in coastal to inner coral depths of 2–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South and rocky reefs and estuaries, often in silty habitats, at Africa east to Sumatera/Indonesia. depths of 2–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to south- HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Key- ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Great Barrier stone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser- Reef/Australia and New Caledonia. vation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786) – Black triggerfish; Balistes Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to noir avoid ciguatera poisoning. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) as Balistes niger. Pseudobalistes fuscus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch & Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Al- Schneider, 1801) – Blue triggerfish, rippled triggerfish; dabra. Marine species. Found in clear seaward coral reefs, Bourse (Réunion) on inner and outer reef crests, usually near the slope or drop- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: off to deeper water; at depths of 0–75 m. Outside the area, 40); previously described as Balistes reticulatus by Ho l l a r d worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans. (1854: 312); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 582–583), Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Sey- Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. chelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to shallow lagoons and seaward coral and rocky reefs; sandy Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to areas near reef patches of reef edge are preferred; at depths avoid ciguatera poisoning. of 5–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 117

east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Ja- Sufflamen bursa (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch & pan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier ­Schneider, 1801) – Boomerang triggerfish Reef/Australia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71) as Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, Balistes (Balistapus) bursa; record confirmed by Fr i c k e EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Sig- (1999: 586), based on MNHN material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Sey- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to chelles. Marine species. Found in clear inner and outer coral Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to and rocky reef habitats from exposed algae reef flats to deep avoid ciguatera poisoning. along drop-offs, at depths of 3–90 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Picassofish; Bourse north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to revolver (Réunion) southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, New Caledonia and Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) Rapa. as Balistes aculeatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 583–584), based on MNHN and SMNS material. Also EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- ­MHNRUN material (Du r v i l l e et al. submitted). able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sub- Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to tidal reef flats and shallow protected coral reef lagoons, at avoid ciguatera poisoning. depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Oga- Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Halfmoon sawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. triggerfish; Baliste double-queue Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium (1976: 102) as Hemibalistes chrysoptera; record confirmed priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial by Fr i c k e (1999: 586–587) as Sufflamen chrysopterus, based exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ on MHNRUN and MNHN material. DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Europa Island, ing. Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal to outer coral and rocky reefs, from silty lagoons to Rhinecanthus cinereus (Bonnaterre [ex Commerson], 1788) – pristine outer reef walls, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the Mask picassofish; Bourse (Réunion) area, East and South Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. as Balistes cinereus and B. arcuatus; record confirmed by Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Fr i c k e (1999: 584), based on MHNRUN and MNHN mate- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- rial. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Ma- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to rine species. Found in lagoon and rocky reef habitats, at Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Maldives. avoid ciguatera poisoning. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille, 1804) – Masked triggerfish; priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial Bourse (Réunion), baliste masqué (France) exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- as Balistes frenatus; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: ing. 586–587) as Sufflamen fraenatus, based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. & Schneider, 1801) – Wedge picassofish; Bourse (Réunion), Found on coastal coral and rocky reefs, often in silty habitats picasso noir (France) and in lagoons on open sand, at depths of 8–186 m. Outside Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl a n c & Po s t e l (1958: the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian 369); previously listed as Balistes assasi (non Forsskål in Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Niebuhr, 1775) by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record confirmed Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. by Fr i c k e (1999: 585), based on MNHN and SMNS materi- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, al. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in algal reefs and Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to shallow outer coral reefs subject to surge, at depths of Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to avoid ciguatera poisoning. Pitcairn Group, north to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to Lord Howe and Kermadec islands. Xanthichthys auromarginatus (Bennett, 1832) – Gilded trigger- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, fish EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l et al. (1978: um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- 696–698); previously described as Balistes gutturosus by cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Ho l l a r d (1854: 63–65), and as B. calolepis by Ho l l a r d DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- (1854: 67–69); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 588), ing. based on MNHN material. 118 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 590–591), ­current-swept seaward drop-offs and ledges with rich inver- based on LEMUR material. tebrate growth, at depths of 8–150 m. Outside the area, Cha- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Ma- gos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu rine species. Found in clear coastal to outer reefs, usually in Islands, south to southern Australia and New Caledonia. rich coral areas with rubble patches or gutters, at depths of Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, 1–18 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/ Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Australia. Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, avoid ciguatera poisoning. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard, 1854) – Lined trigger- fish; Bourse (Réunion) Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854) – Barred filefish; Bourse Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Balistes lineo- à taches blanches punctatus by Ho l l a r d (1854: 65–67), and listed as B. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu t c h i n s & Ty l e r (Parabalistes) ringens (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Bl e e k e r (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as Amanses (1874: 70); recorded as Xanthichthys lima by Fr i c k e (1999: sandwichiensis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by Bl a n c & 589), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Balistes li- Po s t e l (1958: 369); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 591), ma Bennett, 1832 is an unused senior synonym. Observed at based on MNHN material. Saint-Paul, at 150 m depth, in 2006 (T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r ­ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine v i l l e ). species. Found in offshore coral and rocky reefs, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. 1–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Found on coastal reefs and rocky coasts, at depths of Mexico, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, 5–150 m. Outside the area, antiequatorial, southeastern Af- south to Lord Howe, Rapa and Ducie islands. rica. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Prob- um priority for conservation action. able decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Cantherhines fronticinctus (Günther in Playfair & Günther, Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to 1867) – Spectacled filefish; Bourse à lunette avoid ciguatera poisoning. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu t c h i n s & Ra n d a l l (1982: 176–179); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 591– 592), based on BPBM material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- M o n a c a n t h i d a e – Leatherjackets rine species. Found in seaward reefs, usually in rich coral with various other mixed-invertebrate habitat, at depths of Aluteres monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) – Unicorn leatherjacket; 0–43 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Mar- Bourse loulou shall Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. northwestern Australia. (2004: 205). Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Occasionally EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. in shallow water by steep drop-offs in coral and rocky reefs; High priority for conservation action. solitary or in pairs; juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, circumtropi- Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell, 1837) – Honeycomb filefish; cal. Bourse rayon de miel Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu t c h i n s & Ty l e r EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Medium priority for conservation action. (1999: 592), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Aluteres scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) – Scrawled leatherjacket rine species. Found in outer coral and rocky reef slopes, of- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71); ten in silty habitat, sometimes with drifting seagrass, at previously listed as Aleuteres laevis by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South C31); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 590), based on Africa east to Marquesas Islands and Pitcairn Group, north MHNRUN material. to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Ma- Howe and Rapa islands. rine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral and rocky Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, reefs, occasionally under floating objects; juveniles may EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- travel with weed rafts in open ocean for a long time; at um priority for conservation action. depths of 3–120 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch & Schneider [ex Seba], Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 1801) – Harlequin filefish; Poisson lime à taches oranges EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n um priority for conservation action. (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 592–593), based on LEMUR material. Amanses scopas (Cuvier, 1829) – Broom filefish Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 119

and seaward reefs with live Acropora corals, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. 1–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa, north to Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal reefs and Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to southern Great entering estuaries; often in silty habitat and usually on slopes Barrier Reef/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. with low rubble reef and rich invertebrate growth, at depths Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: of 1–55 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to New South decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Wales/Australia and New Caledonia. Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker, 1851) – Blacksaddle mimic; priority for conservation action. Faux poisson coffre Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Thamnaconus fajardoi Smith, 1953 – Spotted filefish 40); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 593–594), based on Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hu t c h i n s & Ty l e r LEMUR and MNHN material. (1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Le t o u r n e u r Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in et al. (2004: 216). clear lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Mozambique Channel, Mada- 1–25 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Mar- gascar. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of 130–150 m. shall Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Is- Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. lands, south to Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New Cale- Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, donia. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, priority for conservation action. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard, 1927) – Modest filefish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Paramonacanthus pusillus (Rüppell, 1829) – Pygmy filefish mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 594), Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at based on SMNS material. depths of 73–200 m. Outside the area, South Africa east to Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on rocky or coral Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern reefs, at depths of 1–73 m. Outside the area, East and South Australia. Africa east to Sri Lanka. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. priority for conservation action. Medium priority for conservation action.

Pervagor aspricaudus (Hollard, 1854) – Orangetail filefish O s t r a c i i d a e – Boxfishes Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ch a b a n e t (1994: 242); previously listed as P. melanocephalus (non Bleeker, 1853) Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) – Longhorn cowfish; Coffre by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 102); record confirmed by ­Fr i c k e (Réunion), coffre boufle (France) (1999: 594), based on SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Ostracion cornutus by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); Ostracion horridus Desjardins in gascar. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward Lienard, 1836 (Li é n a r d 1836: 64, holotype: NHMI uncat., coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, dry specimen) is a junior synonym; record of Lactoria cor- antiequatorial in Indo-West Pacific, east to Hawaiian Is- nuta confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 596), based on ­MHNRUN lands. and MNHN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Transitional water and marine. Found inshore on coastal um priority for conservation action. muddy or sandy habitats in still bays, common in harbours and estuaries, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Pervagor janthinosoma (Bleeker, 1854) – Blackbar filefish Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Tuamotu Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: islands, north to South Korea, central Japan and Ogasawara 164); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 595), based on Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. ­LEMUR and SMNS material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Found in coral-rich areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, um priority for conservation action. at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Caroline and Tongan islands, north to southern Japan Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 – Yellow boxfish; Coffre and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Austra- jaune lia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, subsequently listed as Ostracion (Ostracion) tetragonus and EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. O. (Acanthostracion) argus by Bl e e k e r (1874: 70), and as O. High priority for conservation action. tuberculatus by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 102); record con- firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 597–599), based on LEMUR, Pseudalutarius nasicornis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) – Rhi- ­MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. no leatherjacket Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Pseudaluteres nasi- gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in la- cornis by Bl e e k e r (1874: 71); previously listed as Aluteres goon and semi-sheltered seaward reefs; juveniles often rhinoceros by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31). among Acropora corals; at depths of 0–280 m. Outside the 120 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archi- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium pelago, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to priority for conservation action. northern New Zealand, Lord Howe and Rapa islands, stray- ing to Hawaiian Islands. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, T e t r a o d o n t i d a e – Pufferfishes EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Arothron caeruleopunctatus Matsuura, 1994 – Blue-spotted puffer Ostracion meleagris Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1796 – White- Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Ma t ­ spotted boxfish; Coffre pintade s u u r a (1994: 29–32); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1991: 602), based on NSMT material. 164); previously listed as O. Punctatus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in C31), and as O. sebae by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 102); re- clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 2–50 m. cord confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 599–600), based on Outside the area, Maldives east to Papua New Guinea, north ­LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM materi- to southern Japan, south to Coral Sea. al. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. gascar. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- reefs; juveniles among rocky boulders, adults on reef crests mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ and slopes; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- South Africa east to Mexico, north to southern Japan, Oga- soning. sawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Great Barrier Reef/ Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) – White-spotted puffer; Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Bouvetanne (Réunion), compère à taches blanches (France) EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Dilobomycterus hispi- High priority for conservation action. dus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 602–603), based on MHNRUN and MNHN materi- Ostracion trachys Randall, 1975 – Roughskin trunkfish al. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r et al. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. (2004: 216), based on a specimen observed by E. Te s s i e r . Transitional water and marine. Found in outer coral reef Distribution. Mauritius. Marine species. Found in holes and slopes, inner reef flats and lagoons; juveniles seagrass areas crevices of coral reefs, at depths of 10–20 m. Endemic to the including estuaries; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, western Mascarenes. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Medium priority for conservation action. Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1786) – Triangular boxfish; priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial Coffre (Réunion) exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Ostracion concatena- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- tus and O. triqueter by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record con- ing. firmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 600–601), based on MHNRUN material. Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Lacepède, ex Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Transitional water Commerson], 1801) – Immaculate puffer and marine. Found in shallow water, entering muddy bays or Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Tetrodon immaculatus estuaries, usually with large remote sponges, at depths of by Pl a y f a i r & Gü n t h e r (1867: 132); previously listed by 0–60 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Phil- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31) as Dilobomycterus sordidus; record ippines, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Is- confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 603–604), based on MNHN and land. USNM material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium gascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in priority for conservation action. lagoon habitats with seagrass beds adjacent to coral reefs, often entering estuaries, at depths of 0–17 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines, T r i o d o n t i d a e – Threetooth pufferfishes north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Triodon macropterus Lesson, 1831 – Threetooth puffer; Bourse EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- de fond um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 601), cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as T. bursa- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- rius by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31). ing. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and ma- rine. Found inshore on coastal muddy or sandy habitats in Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) – Map puffer still bays, common in estuaries, at depths of 1–100 m. Out- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 604), side the area, East Africa east to Philippines, north to south- based on an underwater photograph. ern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in in Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. clear lagoon and sheltered seaward reefs; adults usually fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 121

along deep drop-offs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Canthigaster amboinensis (Bleeker, 1865) – Spotted toby East and South Africa east to Samoa, north to Ryukyu Is- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: lands, south to southern Queensland/Australia and New unpag. 8); previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 103) Caledonia. as C. margaritatus (non Rüppell, 1829); record confirmed by Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats: Fr i c k e (1999: 606–607), based on BPBM, MNHN and HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Sig- SMNS material. nificant decline. High priority for conservation action. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey- Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to chelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, of- Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to ten in high energy zones, at depths of 0–16 m. Outside the avoid ciguatera poisoning. area, East and South Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Great Arothron meleagris (Anonymus [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson], Barrier Reef/Australia and Society Islands. 1798) – Guineafowl puffer; Compère pintade Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- (1976: 103). um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- coral-rich areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths ing. of 2–24 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker, 1854) – Exquisite toby Lord Howe and Easter islands. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, unpag. 8); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 607), based on EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. SMNS material. High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ gascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- and rocky reefs, often in high energy zones, at depths of soning. 0–16 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Tua- motu Archipelago, north to southern Taiwan, south to north- Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Black- ern New South Wales/Australia. spotted puffer; Compère à taches noires Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- (1976: 103); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 605), based um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN material. cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coastal to ing. outer reef crest and slope habitats with rich invertebrate growth, at depths of 3–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Canthigaster cyanospilota Randall, Williams & Rocha, 2008 – Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south New South Wales/ Crowned toby Australia and New Caledonia. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ra n d a l l et al. (2008: Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, 7–10), recorded as C. coronata (non Vaillant & Sauvage, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. 1875) by Fr i c k e (1999: 607), based on BPBM material. High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species. mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Found on sand and rubble bottoms of seaward reefs, at depths SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- of 6–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Af- soning. rica. Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875) is now restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Arothron stellatus (Anonymus [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson], Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, 1798) – Star puffer; Compère étoilé EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- (1976: 103); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 605–606), cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- ing. gascar, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in patch reefs and coral reef slopes near sandy areas of clear Canthigaster inframacula Allen & Randall, 1977 – Spotbelly lagoon and seaward reefs; juveniles occur in sandy and sea- toby grass inner reefs; at depths of 1–58 m. Outside the area, Red Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, mitted), based on MHNRUN material. north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at Lord Howe Island and northern New Zealand. depths of 124–274 m. Outside the area, southern Japan; Ha- Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, waiian Islands. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low of the EU Habitats Directive. Banned from commercial ex- priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial ploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- ing. ing. 122 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855) – Honeycomb toby tographed during a visual census, on the outer and inner Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as C. janthinopterus by coral reef, in 2007 (T. Ca d e t , T. Mu l o c h a u , P. Du r v i l l e , E. Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 103); record confirmed by Fr i c k e Te s s i e r ). (1999: 607–608), based on LEMUR and SMNS material. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- sheltered rocky and coral reefs and in lagoons, including in- gascar, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found tertidal areas, at depths of 0–36 m. Outside the area, East in clear lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. Out- Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to side the area, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. Pitcairn islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Howe Island. EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Medium priority for conservation action. EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) – Black-saddled toby mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Canthogaster Valen­ SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- tijni by Bl e e k e r (1874: 69); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t soning. (1863: C31) as Rhynchotus Gronovii; record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 609–611), based on BPBM, LEMUR and Canthigaster natalensis (Günther, 1870) – Natal toby SMNS material. Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Al l e n & Ra n d a l l Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- (1977: 500–501); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 608), gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal reefs based on SMNS and USNM material. and lagoon habitats, at depths of 0–55 m. Outside the area, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipela- clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. go, north to South Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Outside the area, East and South Africa. Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- soning. ing. Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) – Double- line toby Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Oceanic puffer Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 608); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Promecocephalus previously listed by Ha rm e l i n -Vi v i e n (1976: 103) as C. cau- lagocephalus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record confirmed dofasciatus. by Fr i c k e (1999: 611), based on MHNRUN and MNHN ma- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, terial. Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional waters and ma- reefs, at depths of 0–350 m. Outside the area, East and South rine. An oceanic, pelagic species which may come inshore Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to South Korea, south- and enter estuaries; at depths of 0–476 m. Outside the area, ern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Austra- worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans, except for Red lia and New Caledonia. Sea. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- ing. ing.

Canthigaster smithae Allen & Randall, 1977 – Bicoloured toby Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin [ex Forster], 1789) – Silver- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: stripe puffer; Ballon à bande argentée 53). Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Tetrodon sceleratus by Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine Bl e e k e r (1874: 69); previously listed by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: species. Found on outer reef slopes, at depths of 20–37 m. C31) as Promecocephalus argentatus; record confirmed by Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Maldives. Fr i c k e (1999: 611–612), based on MHNRUN material. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Sey- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- chelles. Marine species. Found on offshore coral reefs, at um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- depths of 18–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- south to southern Australia. ing. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Canthigaster solandri (Richardson [ex Solander], 1845) – Spot- Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from com- ted sharpnose mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le t o u r n e u r (1992: SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- 121); record verified based on specimens observed and pho- soning. fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 123

Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) – Lattice puffer; Bouvetanne Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) – Spotbase burr­ (Réunion) fish Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Amblyrhynchotes ob- Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- longus by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record confirmed by mitted), based on MHNRUN material. ­Fr i c k e (1999: 612), based on MHNRUN material. Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional waters and ma- reefs, at depths of 3–90 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East rine. Found in shallow coastal waters, entering brackish and South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Ja- water, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and South pan, south to northern Queensland/Australia and New Cale- Africa east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to donia, immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez northern Australia. Canal. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- ing. ing.

Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) – Spiny blaasop Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Du r v i l l e et al. (sub- Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 – Balloon porcupinefish; mitted), based on MHNRUN material. Porc-épic ballon Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Le i s (1984: 2 unnum- of 250–435 m. Outside the area, South Africa to Indonesia, bered pp.); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 613), based on north to South China Sea, south to northwestern Australia, MHNRUN material. Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia. Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT. Found in shallow coral reefs to open, soft bottoms, at depths Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium of 0–200 m. Outside the area, nearly circumtropical. priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- ing. cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- ing. D i o d o n t i d a e – Porcupinefishes Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 – Porcupinefish; Bouletangue Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Spotfin burrfish; (Réunion) Bouvetanne (Réunion) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30); Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 612), record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 613–614), based on based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously listed ­MHNRUN and MNHN material. by Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30) as C. tigrinus; record confirmed Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Mada- by Le i s (2006: 80–81). gascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species. seaward coral or rocky reefs, often in caves and holes in Found in coral reefs and over soft bottoms, juveniles in shallow reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, in all floating seagrass; at depths of 10–140 m. Outside the area, tropical oceans. worldwide in warm temperate oceans. Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medi- EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. um priority for conservation action. Banned from commer- High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- cial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/ mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poison- SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- ing. soning.

Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) – Birdbeak burrfish; Bou- Diodon liturosus Shaw [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson], 1804 – vetanne (Réunion) Black-blotched porcupinefish; Porc-épic tacheté Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Diodon orbicularis by Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 614); Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C30); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: previously listed by Gü n t h e r (1870: 307–308, part, var. d) as 613), and Le i s (2006: 82). D. maculatus; record confirmed by Le i s (2006: 88). Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on clear protected coral reefs with sponge and algal habitats, at coral reef edges and slopes, often in caves and holes in shal- depths of 9–170 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and low reefs, juveniles in lagoon habitats; at depths of 0–90 m. South Africa east to Philippines, north to South China Sea, Outside the area, South Africa east to Society Islands, north south to Lord Howe Island. to southern Japan. Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB, Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- High priority for conservation action. Banned from com- mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ mercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/ SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poi- soning. soning. 124 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

M o l i d a e – Sunfishes dae; the most speciate marine fish groups are the Labri- dae, Serranidae and Gobiidae. A total of 63 fish species Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840) – Sharptail mola Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed are recorded for the first time from Réunion. specimen collected by a local fisherman, 10 miles west of The fish fauna of Réunion includes a total of 65 species Réunion, in 2005 (P. Du r v i l l e , T. Mu l o c h a u ). occurring in freshwater (plus 16 introduced species, 23.1 % Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at of the total freshwater fish species), 165 species of transi- depths of 50–670 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical tional waters (plus 16 introduced species, 9.7 % of the total and warm temperate oceans. Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: transitional water species) and 965 species in marine habi- FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant tats (plus two introduced species, 0.2 % of the total marine decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from species). The freshwater element includes 41 riverine spe- commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- cies (4.2 % of the naturally occurring species of Réunion), 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ tera poisoning. four katadromously migrating eels (0.4 %), and 13 oceanic stragglers (1.3 %). In transitional waters, 107 species are Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) – Ocean sunfish; Lune (Réunion) estuarine (11.1 %), four are katadromously migrating eels Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Orthagoriscus mola by (0.4 %), 28 are oceanic stragglers (2.9 %) and six are fresh- Gu i c h e n o t (1863: C31); record confirmed by Fr i c k e (1999: 615), based on MHNRUN material. water stragglers (0.6 %). The marine habitats are most di- Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at verse; 549 species (56.7 %) are found in one of the smallest depths of 10–480 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical habitats, e. g. shallow coral reefs (0–80 m depth), 115 spe- and temperate oceans. cies (11.9 %) on the reef flat/reef crest, 271 species (28.0 %) Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: occur in shallow rocky reefs, 82 species (8.5 %) in tidal FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from pools, and 136 species (14.0 %) are known from deep commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- reefs; 326 species (33.7 %) live inside the fringing reef, 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ 163 species (16.8 %) on sand bottom, 74 species (7.6 %) on tera poisoning. seagrass/algae, 74 species (7.6 %) on coral rubble/gravel, Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) – Trunkfish; Ranzania and 57 species (5.9 %) on mud bottoms; 26 species (2.7 %) Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fr i c k e (1999: 615), are found demersal, 32 species (3.3 %) bathydemersal, based on MHNRUN and SMNS material. 73 species (7.5 %) oceanic pelagic, 49 species (5.1 %) Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species. coastal pelagic, 20 species (2.1 %) are known benthope- Pelagic, at depths of 0–140 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans. lagic, and 16 species (1.7 %) bathypelagic. Obviously, the Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats: deep water and deep sea fish fauna of Réunion is still very FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant incompletely known. decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from Zoogeographically, the main element of the fish fauna commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06- 2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua­ of Réunion consists of widespread tropical Indo-Pacific tera poisoning. species (631 species, 65 % of the total naturally occurring species), of which 576 species (60 %) have a typical Indo- West Pacific distribution, 46 species (4.8 %) an Indo-Pa- 4 The fish fauna of Réunion and its endemism cific distribution including the East Pacific, and 10 species (1.0 %) an antitropical/antiequatorial distribution. A total The fish fauna of Réunion comprises a total of 984 of 121 species (12.5 %) are found worldwide, either cir- species in 164 families. 16 of these species are not native, cumtropical (103 species, 10.7 %), antitropical (seven spe- but have been introduced. 6 fish families are represented cies, 0.7 %), or Southern Hemisphere temperate (seven only by introduced species. The native fish fauna of species, 0.7 %). Five species (0.5 %) are found in the Atlan- Réunion therefore consists of 968 species in 158 families. tic and Indian Oceans. An additional 202 species (20.9 %) The largest families are the Labridae (63 native species, are Indian Ocean endemics, including 83 western Indian 6.5 % of the native species), Serranidae (54 native species, Ocean endemics (8.6 %), 44 southwestern Indian Ocean 5.6 %), Gobiidae (53 native species, 5.5 %), Pomacentridae endemics (4.5 %), 12 species (1.2 %) endemic to the Mas- (45 native species, 4.7 %), Blenniidae (34 native species, carenes, Madagascar and Comores, and 25 Mascarene Is- 3.5 %), Carangidae (33 native species, 3.4 %), Muraenidae lands endemics (2.6 %). Seven species are only known (32 native species, 3.3 %), Acanthuridae (28 native spe- from Réunion (Apolemichthys guezei, Channomuraena cies, 2.9 %), Lutjanidae (27 native species, 2.8 %), and bauchotae, Mimoblennius lineathorax, Oxyurichthys gui- Chaetodontidae, Holocentridae and Scorpaenidae and Ho- bei, Parupeneus diagonalis, Parupeneus posteli, Upeneus locentridae (24 native species each, 2.5 %). Typically for mascareinsis), which results in an endemism rate of 0.7 %; tropical volcanic islands, the freshwater fish fauna is dom- 18 species (1.9 %) are Mascarene endemics excluding inated by the families Gobiidae, Eleotridae and Anguilli- those species only occurring in Réunion (Abudefduf mar- fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 125 gariteus, Anisochromis mascarenensis, Callionymus aa- mus (2006b) estimates the 2005 aquaculture production at gilis, Cotylopus acutipinnis, Dodekablennos fraseri, En- 150 tonnes of fish, with 20 % marine, i. e. 30 tonnes. Ad- tomacrodus lemuria, Hetereleotris georgegilli, Hypo­ ditional regional threats include long-ranging marine eu- rhamphus erythrorinchus, Laemonema macronema, trophication and pollution, with sources in Indian Ocean Neobythites multistriatus, Plectroglyphidodon randalli, abutting nations like Australia, India or Indonesia; also Pomacentrus pikei, Pterygotrigla guezei, Soleichthys the destruction of coastal areas, marine acidification tubifera, Springeratus polyporatus). The Mascarenes are (which poses a threat to corals and some fish species), and considered as an endemism centre (Fr i c k e 1999: 616). The global warming (threatening cool water species). relatively low endemism rate of Réunion (compared with The marine fauna was mainly exploited since the 19th Mauritius) is probably due to the geological youth of the century, with continuously increasing exploitation levels. island, which existed only for approximately 2.1 million In 2000, the total marine fisheries of Réunion was esti- years. When compared with other Indian Ocean islands, mated at over 10000 tonnes a year, in 2004, at over 11500 the endemism rate is still relatively high (e. g. 0.4 % en- tonnes (Anonymus 2006b). The Réunion fishing fleet demics at Chagos Archipelago according to Wi n t e r b o t ­ (Anonymus 2006b) comprises 300 relatively new vessels t o m & An d e r s o n 1997: 26). It is expected that some of the (2004 data); the main fisheries consists of small scale western Mascarene endemics originated in Mauritius and coastal fisheries, longline fisheries of large pelagic fish, migrated to Réunion; the shelves of the two islands are and ‘Southern Ocean’ fishing. In the coastal fisheries, the only 170 km apart. Though the main current (southern In- annual declared catches range totals between 1500 and dian Ocean equatorial current) is running from Mauritius 2500 tonnes, but the total catch is most likely higher; there to Réunion most of the time, there may be an anomalous is no accurate gauging of the fishing effort and it is clear current reversal. that stocks in the coastal regions are being over-fished. For the pelagic longline fisheries, the annual catch is estimat- ed at approximately 3000 tonnes. South of Réunion, the 5 Conservation total fishing effort is approximately 6000 tonnes per year. There is a substantial swordfish and tuna fishing by for- The following chapter is an attempt to summarise the eign vessels, accounting for 0.25 % of the Indian Ocean’s conservation status of fish species and aquatic habitats in tuna catches, the Réunion fleet plays but a marginal role in Réunion. this over-fishing. While Réunion was found pristine and mostly un- The coral reefs, as the marine habitat with highest di- touched by humans in 1513, the terrestrial fauna of the is- versity, suffered from a number of anthropogenic factors, land heavily suffered from overexploitation and settlement including legal fishing and poaching on protected areas activities since the 17th century. The population has mean- and/or on protected species, walking on the reef crest, eu- while raised to 793,000 (2007), with an overall population trophication, marine pollution, marine acidification and density of 393 inhabitants per km2; the actual population global warming. Ah a m a d a et al. (2002: 86–87) discussed pressure on the fragile coastal habitats is even higher, as the status of the coral reefs of La Réunion. Between 1999 most of the inhabitants live along the northern and western and 2002, they observed a relative stability of the coral shores of the island, leaving much of the centre and the reef habitats in 14 monitoring stations (40–50 % coral southeastern parts uninhabited. A larger number of en- cover in February 2002), and found a balance between the demic birds, reptiles, molluscs and mammals was extir- degradation from human activities and new coral growth, pated in the 17th and 18th centuries (e. g. Co w l e s 1994: 87– but a slight decrease in the coral cover on the outer slopes. 93, Mi c k l e b u r g h et al. 2004). They observed that the fish populations were relatively Due to rapid economic and agricultural development stable, with a low level of predatory fish, which showed, and population growth during the past centuries and de- even in protected zones, continued fishing pressures. Ca r ­ cades, the native fish fauna of Réunion is now highly p e n t e r et al. (2008), however, found a high percentage of threatened and needs urgent political action to ensure its reef-building corals facing elevated extinction levels, and conservation. The marine fish species of Réunion are gen- concluded that coral reef habitats are in urgent need of erally threatened by eutrophication/pollution out of in- conservation efforts. flowing rivers and coastal towns, by overfishing and Meanwhile, several species of fishes have been banned poaching, and by construction along the shore, especially from commercial exploitation due to the risk of ciguatera hotels in tourist areas. Additional threats include the ex- infection (Anonymus 2006a). Furthermore, a marine re- pansion of coastal cities, the construction of coastal roads, serve was established in La Réunion on 21 February 2007 and marine aquaculture which pollutes and eutrophicates (Anonymus 2007). In the marine reserve, the introduction the surrounding marine waters, and threatens native ma- of non-domestic species, poaching, disturbing the ecosys- rine species by escaping aquaculture fish material. Anony- tems acoustically or with light, use of toxic substances for 126 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 fishing, fishing methods that affect corals, trawling and tains in two climatic halves; the windward eastern, wetter dredging, sand, coral or rock extraction or collection, etc. half (Côte au Vent), and the leeward western, dry half are forbidden, and there are several additional restrictions. (Côte sous le Vent). Streams and rivers are usually rela- Within the reserve, 197 hectares of special marine pro- tively steep and fast-flowing; some of those on the leeward tected areas (MPA) were established for coral reef habi- side are seasonal only. There are generally two seasons: a tats, where any activities are forbidden (Trois Chameaux à wet season from December to April, and a dry season l’Hermitage, Trou d’Eau, Pointe des Châteaux, Varangue, from May to November. Since a lot of agriculture and l’Étang Salé). habitation is located in the dry region, there has been a Freshwater habitats are supported by rainfall which long history of irrigation and water abstraction out of may be extremely heavy at times, such as during hurri- streams and rivers. Water management in the western part canes. The island of Réunion is divided by its high moun- has been beyond sustainable levels for a long time. There-

Tab. 6. Red List of fish species of Réunion, in taxonomic order. – An asterisk notes a species endemic to Réunion.

RE (Regionally extinct) Carcharhinus melanopterus Herklotsichthys spilurus Terapon jarbua Pristis microdon Chanos chanos Plectorhinchus gaterinus Pristis pectinata Gonorynchus gonorynchus Drepane punctata Elops machnata Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus Pomacanthus semicirculatus Megalops cyprinoides Aethaloperca rogaa Hypseleotris cyprinoides Stolephorus commersonii Plectropomus laevis Platax pinnatus

CR (Critically endangered) Carcharodon carcharias Chaetodon meyeri Acanthocybium solandri Rhynchobatus djiddensis Chaetodon trifasciatus Allothunnus fallai Anguilla bicolor Chaetodon zanzibarensis Auxis rochei Anguilla labiata Forcipiger longirostris Thunnus alalunga Anguilla marmorata Cirrhitichthys guichenoti Thunnus albacares Anguilla mossambica Cirrhitops fasciatus Thunnus obesus Remora australis Paracirrhites arcatus Melichthys indicus Chaetodon guttatissimus Paracirrhites forsteri Oxymonacanthus longirostris Chaetodon melannotus Cheilinus undulatus Arothron mappa

EN (Endangered) Alopias superciliosus Gymnocaesio gymnoptera Chlorurus strongylocephalus Alopias vulpinus Lethrinus borbonicus Scarus caudofasciatus Rhincodon typus Chaetodon trifascialis Scarus falcipinnis Albula glossodonta *Apolemichthys guezei Scarus frenatus Sardinella jussieu Dascyllus carneus Scarus ghobban Sardinella melanura Neoglyphidodon melas Scarus globiceps Antennarius coccineus Plectroglyphidodon dickii Scarus psittacus Antennarius commerson Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis Scarus scaber Hippocampus borboniensis Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Enneapterygius tutuilae Hippocampus jayakari Bodianus diana Helcogramma fuscopinna Anyperodon leucogrammicus Bodianus leucosticticus Ecsenius lineatus Epinephelus coioides Cheilinus chlorourus Ecsenius midas Epinephelus lanceolatus Cheilinus oxycephalus Exallias brevis Epinephelus malabaricus Cheilinus trilobatus Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos Variola louti Epibulus insidiator Plagiotremus tapeinosoma Kuhlia caudavittata Gomphosus caeruleus Cotylopus acutipinnis Carangoides coeruleopinnatus Halichoeres hortulanus Eviota distigma Caranx ignobilis Halichoeres iridis Eviota indica Caranx lugubris Hemigymnus fasciatus Eviota nigripinna Caranx melampygus Labrichthys unilineatus Eviota sebreei Caranx sexfasciatus Labropsis xanthonota Gobiodon citrinus Scomberoides lysan Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus Gobiodon rivulatus Trachinotus baillonii Oxycheilinus digrammus Paragobiodon echinocephalus Trachinotus blochii Pseudocheilinus dispilus Paragobiodon modestus Aprion virescens Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Periophthalmus kalolo Lutjanus bohar Pseudodax moluccanus Pleurosicya micheli Lutjanus monostigma Thalassoma hardwicke Sicyopterus lagocephalus Caesio caerulaurea Cetoscarus ocellatus Stenogobius polyzona fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 127

Acanthurus leucosternon Katsuwonus pelamis Ostracion cubicus Acanthurus lineatus Rastrelliger kanagurta Ostracion meleagris Paracanthurus hepatus Sarda orientalis Arothron caeruleopunctatus Zebrasoma scopas Scomberomorus commerson Arothron meleagris Zebrasoma velifer Balistapus undulatus Arothron nigropunctatus Sphyraena acutipinnis Melichthys niger Arothron stellatus Gempylus serpens Melichthys vidua Canthigaster janthinoptera Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Xanthichthys auromarginatus Canthigaster natalensis Auxis thazard Amanses scopas Cylichthys orbicularis Euthynnus affinis Cantherhines fronticinctus Gymnosarda unicolor Pervagor janthinosoma

VU (Vulnerable) Carcharhinus albimarginatus Cephalopholis sexmaculata Gymnocranius grandoculis Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Cephalopholis sonnerati Lethrinus crocineus Carcharhinus brevipinna Cephalopholis spiloparaea Lethrinus harak Carcharhinus falciformis Cephalopholis urodeta Lethrinus microdon Carcharhinus limbatus Epinephelus chlorostigma Lethrinus nebulosus Carcharhinus longimanus Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus Lethrinus variegatus Carcharhinus plumbeus Epinephelus flavocaeruleus Lethrinus xanthochilus Triaenodon obesus Epinephelus hexagonatus Monotaxis grandoculis Nebrius ferrugineus Epinephelus longispinis Parupeneus indicus Dasyatis thetidis Epinephelus macrospilos Parupeneus macronemus Strophidon sathete Epinephelus melanostigma Pempheris nesogallica Thryssa baelama Epinephelus morrhua Chaetodon auriga Amblygaster sirm Epinephelus multinotatus Chaetodon blackburnii Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Epinephelus rivulatus Chaetodon interruptus Agonostomus telfairii Epinephelus spilotoceps Chaetodon kleinii Cheilopogon cyanopterus Epinephelus tauvina Chaetodon madagaskariensis Cheilopogon furcatus Epinephelus tukula Chaetodon vagabundus Cheilopogon nigricans Gracila albomarginata Chaetodon xanthocephalus Cypselurus naresii Pseudanthias pulcherrimus Forcipiger flavissimus Cypselurus poecilopterus Variola albimarginata Hemitaurichthys zoster Exocoetus monocirrhus Kuhlia mugil Heniochus acuminatus Exocoetus volitans Kuhlia rupestris Heniochus monoceros Parexocoetus brachypterus Cookeolus japonicus Apolemichthys trimaculatus Prognichthys sealei Heteropriacanthus cruentatus Pomacanthus imperator Ablennes hians Priacanthus sagittarius Cirrhitus pinnulatus Platybelone platyura Rachycentron canadum Cristacirrhitus punctatus Strongylura leiura Cheilodipterus lineatus Abudefduf margariteus Tylosurus crocodilus Nectamia savayensis Chromis atripectoralis Myripristis adusta Ostorhinchus aureus Chromis dimidiata Myripristis berndti Sillago sihama Chromis nigrura Myripristis botche Echeneis naucrates Chromis ternatensis Myripristis chryseres Remora brachyptera Chromis viridis Myripristis hexagona Alectis indica Dascyllus aruanus Myripristis kuntee Atule mate Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis Myripristis seychellensis Carangoides armatus Bodianus anthioides Myripristis vittata Carangoides chrysophrys Novaculichthys taeniourus Neoniphon aurolineatus Carangoides gymnostethus Thalassoma hebraicum Sargocentron inaequalis Decapterus macarellus Calotomus carolinus Sargocentron melanospilos Elagatis bipinnulata Hipposcarus harid Sargocentron seychellense Pseudocaranx dentex Helcogramma obtusirostris Sargocentron spiniferum Scomberoides commersonianus Butis butis Sargocentron tiere Aphareus furca Eleotris mauritiana Sargocentron tiereoides Aphareus rutilans Ophiocara porocephala Halicampus mataafae Lutjanus argentimaculatus Awaous commersoni Caracanthus madagascariensis Lutjanus bengalensis Sphyraena barracuda Scorpaenodes parvipinnis Lutjanus notatus Sphyraena obtusata Ambassis ambassis Lutjanus russellii Bothus mancus Ambassis gymnocephalus Lutjanus sebae Bothus pantherinus Cephalopholis argus Paracaesio xanthura Pseudobalistes fuscus Cephalopholis aurantia Plectorhinchus gibbosus Arothron hispidus Cephalopholis boenak Pomadasys furcatum Chilomycterus reticulatus Cephalopholis leopardus Argyrops filamentosus Diodon liturosus Cephalopholis miniata Rhabdosargus sarba Cephalopholis polleni Gnathodentex aureolineatus 128 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

NT (Near threatened) Squalus megalops Pristigenys niphonia Pomacentrus pikei Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Malacanthus brevirostris Stegastes pelicieri Encheliophis gracilis Malacanthus latovittatus Anampses twistii Encheliophis homei Remora remora Parapercis punctata Pyramodon ventralis Naucrates ductor Cirripectes randalli Hemiramphus far Selar crumenophthalmus Entomacrodus lemuria Myripristis murdjan Seriolina rivoliana *Mimoblennius lineathorax Neoniphon sammara *Parupeneus diagonalis Callionymus aagilis Sargocentron caudimaculatum *Parupeneus posteli Acanthurus polyzona Sargocentron diadema *Upeneus mascareinsis Soleichthys tubifera Priacanthus hamrur Centropyge debelius

TM (Threatened migrants) Isurus oxyrinchus Coryphaena equiselis Istiompax indicus Prionace glauca Coryphaena hippurus Istiophorus platypterus Sphyrna mokarran Brama dussumieri Kajikia audax Pteryplatytrygon violacea Brama orcini Makaira nigricans Aetobatus narinari Eumegistus illustris Tetrapturus angustirostris Manta birostris Pteraclis velifera Masturus lanceolatus Mobula tarapacana Pterycombus petersii Mola mola Myliobatis aquila Taractichthys steindachneri Ranzania laevis Lampris guttatus Xiphias gladius

fore, in recent years substantial works have been under- means that only the remaining 10 species of fishes in taken to collect water on the wetter windward side and Réunion are not threatened. transport it to the dry western side of the island, implying Out of the total of 965 species of fishes at Réunion, 290 a significant decrease of water flow on eastern rivers. have a high priority requiring immediate political action Rivers and streams in Réunion are threatened by eu- (30.0 %), mainly species of the coral reef and of freshwater trophication and pollution in lower ranges, and especially habitats; 489 species have a medium priority (50.5 %), by the construction of dams, weirs and barrages, which 173 species a low priority not needing immediate action pollute downstream stream and river areas, abstract water (17.9 %), and 16 introduced species were not evaluated from rivers which may become dry, and prevent fish mi- (1.6 %). gration. Gravel extraction from river beds may result in La Réunion, as an overseas region in the European heavy sediment freight and destruction of fish spawning Union, is at present not represented by habitats or species grounds. In several freshwater areas, extensive aquacul- on the Annexes of the EU Habitats Directive. Considering ture projects threaten the native fish fauna by additional the highly diverse fish fauna with a high degree of ende- eutrophication, pollution, and competition/predation. mism, a list of species suitable for the annexes is proposed Freshwater aquaculture, mainly of tilapia (Oreochromis in Tab. 7; this set of species would be scientifically ade- niloticus) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), was estimated quate covering all important watersheds and habitats, and in 2005 at 120 tonnes (Anonymus 2006b). In addition, would be sufficient for the fulfilment of the Directive, in there is a fishing pressure in some freshwater habitats, order to treat Réunion equally to other EU regions. especially on migrating goby larvae (e. g. ‘bichique’ Sicy- Though in recent years substantial efforts have been opterus lagocephalus). undertaken by the authorities to establish marine reserves The Red List status of the fishes of Réunion is sum- and protected areas, the conservation of fish fauna and marised in Tab. 6. At present, a total of 968 native fish aquatic habitats requires special attention in Réunion. As species is known from La Réunion. Out of these species, a the distribution and even the fish species composition is total of 378 species is listed on the Red List (39.2 % of the still far from well-known, it is strongly recommended to native species), with no species globally extinct (as far as establish a programme for the monitoring and mapping of known), 18 species regionally extinct (1.9 %), 27 species the fish fauna and environmental quality of aquatic habi- critically endangered (2.8 %), 115 species endangered tats. General recommendations for the management and (11.9 %), 160 species vulnerable (16.6 %), 32 species near conservation of marine, transitional and freshwater habi- threatened (3.3 %), and 26 species threatened migrants tats of Réunion would include the following items: (2.7 %). An additional 575 species are data deficient 1) Improving sewage treatment facilities in Réunion (59.4 %). 16 species have been introduced and are thus not and neighbouring island states; native; they were not evaluated for the Red List. This 2) It is proposed to establish a set of conservation areas fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 129

Tab. 7. Fish species proposed for Annexes II, IV and/or V of the the present usage in the EU member states should be es- EU Habitats Directive. tablished. 3) In order to assist successful conservation pro- Proposed for Annexes of EU Species Habitats Directive grammes for fishes and their habitats in Réunion, environ- Abudefduf margariteus II, IV mental education of the public (regarding water cycle, Acanthocybium solandri V saving water, importance of healthy aquatic environments, Agonostomus telfairii II, V impact of fisheries, threats and conservation) should be Aphareus furca II intensified. Aphareus rutilans II Apolemichthys guezei II, IV 6 References Auxis rochei V Awaous commersoni II, IV Ah a m a d a , S., Bi g o t , L., Bi j o u x , J., Ma h a r a v o , J., Me u n i e r , S., Carcharodon carcharias II, IV prioritary species Mo y n e -Pi c a r d , M. & Pa u p i a h , N. 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(1959a): Gobioid fishes of the families Gobiidae, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Sciences de l’Academie Periophthalmidae, Trypauchenidae, Taenioididae and Krae- des Sciences 54: 1165–1170. meriidae of the Western Indian Ocean. – Ichthyological Bul- Wa t s o n , R. E. (1995): Review of the freshwater gobies of the letin, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 13: 185–225, genus Cotylopus (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sycidiinae). – Ich- pls. 9–13. thyological Exploration of Freshwaters 6: 61–70. Sm i t h , J. L. B. (1959b): Fishes of the families Blenniidae and Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. (1967): The clupeoid fishes described by Salariidae of the Western Indian Ocean. – Ichthyological La c e p è d e , Cu v i e r & Valenciennes . – Bulletin of the British Bulletin, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 14: 229–252, Museum (Natural History) London, Zoology, Supplement 2: pls. 14–19. 1–180, pls. 1–11. Sm i t h , J. L. B. (1960): Coral fishes of the family Pomacentridae Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. (1984a): Elopidae. – In: Fi s c h e r , W. & Bi­ from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. – Ichthyo- a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification sheets for fishery logical Bulletin, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 19: purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol. 2, p. 317–349, pls. 26–33. 1 + 2 unnumbered pp.; Rome (FAO). Sm i t h , M. M. & He e m s tr a , P. C. (1986): Sm i t h ’s sea fishes, Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. (1984b): Megalopidae. – In: Fi s c h e r , W. & XX + 1047 pp., 144 pls.; Johannesburg (Macmillan South Bi a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification sheets for fish- Africa). ery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol. 3, Sm i t h , W. L. & Sp a r k s , J. S. (2007): Gobius lagocephalus Pallas, p. 1 + 2 unnumbered pp.; Rome (FAO). 1770 (currently Sicyopterus lagocephalus; Osteichthyes, Te- Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. (1985): FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clu- leostei, Gobiidae): proposed suppression of the specific peoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An anno- name. – Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature 64: 103–107. tated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pil- Sm i t h -Va n i z , W. F. (1984): Carangidae. – In: Fi s c h e r , W. & Bi­ chards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification sheets for fishery Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. – FAO Fish- purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol. 1, pp. eries Synopsis (125) 7 (1): X + 303 pp.; Rome (FAO). 1–23 + 130 unnumbered pp.; Rome (FAO). Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. & Ba u c h o t , M.-L. (1985): Catalogue critique Spr i n g e r , V. G. & Fr i c k e , R. (2000): Description of two new des types de poissons du Muséum National d’Histoire Na- blenniid fish species: Entomacrodus lemuria from the west- turelle (suite). Ordre des Clupéiformes (Familles des Clupei- ern Indian Ocean and E. williamsi from the western Pacific dae, Engraulididae et Denticipitae). – Bulletin du Muséum Ocean. – Proceedings of the biological Society of Washing- national d’Histoire naturelle (4) 7 (A, 4), Supplément: 1–77. ton 113: 386–396. Wh i t e h e a d , P. J. P. & Wo n g r a t a n a , T. (1984): Clupeidae. – In: Spr i n g e r , V. G. & Wi l l i a m s , J. T. (1994): The Indo-West Pacific Fi s c h e r , W. & Bi a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification blenniid fish genus Istiblennius reappraised: a revision of sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing Istiblennius, Blenniella, and Paralticus, new genus. – Smith- area 51), vol. 1, pp. 1–6 + 52 unnumbered pp.; Rome (FAO). sonian Contributions to Zoology 565: 193 pp. Wi l l i a m s , J. T. (1988): Revision and phylogenetic relationships St a rm ü h l n e r , F. (1979): Results of the Austrian Hydrobiological of the blenniid fish genus Cirripectes. – Indo-Pacific Fishes Mission, 1974, to the Seychelles-, Comores- and Mascarenes 17: 78 pp., 7 pls. Archipelagos: Part I: Preliminary report: introduction, meth- Wi n t e r b o tt o m , R. (2002): A redescription of Cryptocentrus cro- ods, general situation of the islands with description of sta- catus Wongratana, a redefinition of Myersina Herre (Acan- fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 137

thopterygii; Gobiidae), a key to the species, and comments Wo o d l a n d , D. J. (1984a): Gerreidae. – In: Fi s c h e r , W. & Bi­ on relationships. – Ichthyological Research 49: 69–75. a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification sheets for fishery Wi n t e r b o tt o m , R. & An d e r s o n , R. C. (1997): A revised check- purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol. 2, list of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archi- pp. 1–3 + 18 unnumbered pp.; Rome (FAO). pelago, Central Indian Ocean. – Ichthyological Bulletin, Wo o d l a n d , D. J. (1984b): Siganidae. – In: Fi s c h e r , W. & Bi­ J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 66: 1–28. a n c h i , G. (eds.): FAO species identification sheets for fishery Wi n t e r b o tt o m , R. & Bu rr i d g e , M. (2007): Revision of the spe- purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol. 4, cies of Priolepis possessing a reduced transverse pattern of pp. 1–2 + 26 unnumbered pp., pls. I–II; Rome (FAO). cheek papillae and no predorsal scales (Teleostei; Gobiidae). – Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 494–514.

7 Index

Valid taxa are printed in bold face. aagilis, Callionymus...... 97 Acanthurus nigricans...... 107 Agile chromis...... 78 Abalistes stellatus...... 115 Acanthurus nigricauda...... 107 agilis, Chromis...... 78 Ablabys binotatus...... 41 Acanthurus nigrofuscus...... 107 Agonostoma dobuloides...... 29 Ablabys taenianotus...... 41 Acanthurus olivaceus...... 107 Agonostoma telfairi...... 29 Ablennes hians...... 31 Acanthurus orbicularis...... 107 Agonostomus telfairii...... 29 Abudefduf biocellatus...... 79 Acanthurus polyzona...... 107 Aigle de mer commun...... 13 Abudefduf cingulum...... 81 Acanthurus strigosus...... 108 Aigle de mer léopard...... 12 Abudefduf glaucus...... 79 Acanthurus tennentii...... 107 Aigrette...... 65 Abudefduf imparipennis...... 80 Acanthurus thompsoni...... 107 Aiguillat à peau rugueuse...... 11 Abudefduf lacrymatus...... 82 Acanthurus triostegus...... 107 Aiguillat nez court...... 11 Abudefduf margariteus...... 77 Acanthurus velifer...... 110 Aiguille...... 32 Abudefduf melas...... 81 Acanthurus xanthopterus...... 108 alalungà, Germo...... 112 Abudefduf saxatilis...... 77 Acentrogobius cauerensis...... 101 alalunga, Thunnus...... 112 Abudefduf septemfasciatus...... 77 Achirus marmoratus...... 115 alba, Cyclothone...... 23 Abudefduf sexfasciatus...... 77 acinaces, Gerres...... 64 albacares, Thunnus...... 112 Abudefduf sordidus...... 77 Acropomatidae...... 42 Albacore...... 112 Abudefduf sparoides...... 77 aculeatus, Argyropelecus...... 23 albifasciatus, Stegastes...... 81 Abudefduf vaigiensis...... 77 aculeatus, Balistes...... 117 albimaculatus, Bodianus...... 83 Abudefduf xanthozonus...... 79 aculeatus, Rhinecanthus...... 117 albimarginata, Variola...... 49 Abudefduf zonatus...... 79 acuminatus, Heniochus...... 74 albimarginatus, Carcharhinus...... 8 Abyssal cutthroat eel...... 18 acutipinnis, Cotylopus...... 100 albimarginatus, Cryptotomus...... 90 abyssale, Meadia...... 18 acutipinnis, Sphyraena...... 110 albo-guttata, Diacope...... 61 abyssalis, Meadia...... 18 Adorned wrasse...... 85 albomarginata, Aethaloperca...... 47 Acanthias vulgaris...... 11 adusta, Myripristis...... 33 albomarginata, Gracila...... 47 acanthiger, Caelorinchus...... 26 adusta, Pempheris...... 70 albonubes, Tanichthys...... 23 Acanthocybium solandri...... 111 aequatoris, Holcomycteronus...... 27 albopunctatus, Gobius...... 99 Acanthonus armatus...... 27 aeruginosus, Julis...... 89 albovittata, Stethojulis...... 89 Acanthopagrus bifasciatus...... 65 Aethaloperca albomarginata...... 47 Albula bananus...... 13 acanthops, Centropyge...... 74 Aethaloperca rogaa...... 43 Albula glossodonta...... 13 Acanthuridae...... 106 Aetiasis cantharoides...... 62 Albula oligolepis...... 13 Acanthurus annularis...... 106 Aetobatus narinari...... 12 Albula vulpes...... 13 Acanthurus bleekeri...... 107 affinis, Euthynnus...... 112 Albulidae...... 13 Acanthurus blochii...... 106 affinis, Synaphobranchus...... 18 Alectis indica...... 55 Acanthurus dussumieri...... 106 African butterflyfish...... 71 Aleuteres laevis...... 118 Acanthurus elongatus...... 107 African coris...... 85 Alfonsino...... 32 Acanthurus fuliginosus...... 108 African eel-blenny...... 49 allardi, Amphiprion...... 78 Acanthurus gahm...... 107 African flyingfish...... 30 Allard’s anemonefish...... 78 Acanthurus gahmoides...... 108 African longfin eel...... 14 alletteratus, Euthynnus...... 112 Acanthurus guttatus...... 106 African mottled eel...... 13 Allothunnus fallai...... 111 Acanthurus leucosternon...... 106 African pygmy angelfish...... 74 Almaco jack...... 58 Acanthurus lineatus...... 106 African righteye flounder...... 114 Alopias superciliosus...... 8 Acanthurus lineolatus...... 107 African whitespotted rabbitfish...... 106 Alopias vulpes...... 8 Acanthurus mata...... 107 africana, Coris...... 85 Alopias vulpinus...... 8 Acanthurus mataa...... 107 africanus, Xenisthmus...... 105 Alopiidae...... 8 Acanthurus matoides...... 108 agassizii, Pomacentrus...... 81 alticlarens, Priacanthus...... 50 138 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Alticus kirkii...... 94 Anglerfishes...... 28 antiquorum, Pristis...... 11 Alticus monochrus...... 94 Anglers...... 28 Anyperodon leucogrammicus...... 43 Alticus saliens...... 94 Anguilla bengalensis labiata...... 13 Aphareus caerulescens...... 60 Alticus saltatorius...... 94 Anguilla bicolor...... 13 Aphareus furca...... 60 alticus, Salarias...... 94 Anguilla bicolor bicolor...... 13 Aphareus rutilans...... 60 altipinnis, Conger...... 20 Anguilla labiata...... 13 Apogon à cinq branches...... 52 altipinnis, Pimelepterus...... 71 Anguilla marmorata...... 14 Apogon à grandes dents...... 51 altipinnoides, Pimelepterus...... 71 Anguilla mauritiana...... 14 Apogon à queue bandée...... 52 Aluteres monoceros...... 118 Anguilla mossambica...... 14 Apogon angustatus...... 52 Aluteres rhinoceros...... 119 Anguilla nebulosa labiata...... 13 Apogon apogonoides...... 52 Aluteres scriptus...... 118 anguillare, Dysomma...... 18 Apogon caudicinctus...... 51 Amanses sandwichiensis...... 118 anguillaris, Plotosus...... 23 Apogon coccineus...... 51 Amanses scopas...... 118 Anguille à longue nageoire...... 14 Apogon fasciatus...... 52 Amatitlania nigrofasciata...... 76 Anguille à nageoire courte...... 13 Apogon fraenatus...... 53 Ambache...... 42 Anguille à nez court...... 18 Apogon fuscus...... 52 Ambache blanc...... 58 Anguille marbrée africaine...... 13 Apogon indicus...... 51 Ambache du large...... 42 Anguillidae...... 13 Apogon kallopterus...... 53 Ambasse...... 42 angulosus, Balistes...... 116 Apogon quadrifasciatus...... 52 Ambassidae...... 42 angustatus, Apogon...... 52 Apogon savayensis...... 52 Ambassis ambassis...... 42 angustatus, Ostorhinchus...... 52 Apogon semiornatus...... 51 ambassis, Centropomus...... 42 angustatus, Ostorhynchus...... 52 Apogon taeniophorus...... 53 Ambassis commersonii...... 42 angustirostris, Tetrapturus...... 113 Apogonichthys ocellatus...... 51 Ambassis gymnocephalus...... 42 Anisochromis kenyae...... 49 Apogonidae...... 51 Ambassis natalensis...... 42 Anisochromis mascarenensis...... 49 apogonoides, Apogon...... 52 amblycephalum, Thalassoma...... 89 Anjer goby...... 101 apogonoides, Ostorhinchus...... 52 amblycephalus, Thalassoma...... 89 anjerensis, Gnatholepis...... 101 Apolemichthys guezei...... 74 Amblycirrhitus bimacula...... 75 Anjouan blenny...... 95 Apolemichthys trimaculatus...... 74 Amblyeleotris aurora...... 98 anjouanae, Damania...... 95 Apolemichthys xanthurus...... 74 Amblyeleotris latifasciata...... 98 anjouanae, Holocentrus...... 34 apora, Hetereleotris...... 102 Amblyeleotris periophthalma...... 98 annularis, Acanthurus...... 106 aprinus, Cirrhitichthys...... 75 Amblyeleotris steinitzi...... 98 annulata, Chrysiptera...... 79 Aprion brevirostris...... 62 Amblyeleotris wheeleri...... 99 annulatus, Hologymnosus...... 86 Aprion microlepis...... 62 Amblygaster sirm...... 21 annulatus, Julis...... 86 Aprion virescens...... 60 Amblygobius semicinctus...... 99 Anoli à deux taches...... 24 Apsilus fuscus...... 62 amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus...... 9 Anoli bigarré...... 24, 25 Apterichthys klazingai...... 18 Amblyrhynchotes oblongus...... 123 Anoli grêle...... 24 Apterichtus klazingai...... 18 amboinensis, Canthigaster...... 121 Anoli nuageux...... 24 aquila, Myliobatis...... 13 Amoya signata...... 99 Anoli serpent...... 25 Arab blenny...... 96 Amphacanthus luridus...... 105 Anomalopidae...... 32 arab, Plotosus...... 23 Amphacanthus sutor...... 106 Antennablennius bifilum...... 94 arcatus, Paracirrhites...... 76 Amphiprion allardi...... 78 Antennariidae...... 28 Arc-eye hawkfish...... 76 Amphiprion chrysogaster...... 78 Antennarius coccineus...... 28 archiepiscopus, Ostichthys...... 34 Amphiprion polymnus...... 78 Antennarius commerson...... 28 archionema, Uranoscopus...... 92 Amphiprion trifasciatus...... 78 Antennarius hispidus...... 28 Archocentrus nigrofasciatus...... 76 analis, Diacope...... 61 Antennarius histrio...... 29 arcuatus, Balistes...... 117 analis, Serranus...... 43 Antennarius marmoratus...... 29 arenatus, Cheilinus...... 88 Anampses caeruleopunctatus...... 82 Antennarius nummifer...... 28 arenatus, Oxycheilinus...... 88 Anampses cuvieri...... 82 Antennarius pictus...... 28 argalus, Platybelone...... 31 Anampses diadematus...... 82 Antennarius sarasa...... 28 argentatus, Promecocephalus...... 122 Anampses lineatus...... 82 Antennarius scriptissimus...... 28 argenteus, Monodactylus...... 71 Anampses melanurus...... 82 Antennarius striatus...... 28 argenteus, Phosichthys...... 24 Anampses meleagrides...... 82 antennata, Pterois...... 39 argenteus, Siganus...... 105 Anampses twistii...... 82 Anthias bimaculatus...... 48 argentimaculatus, Lutjanus...... 60 Ananas batard...... 43 Anthias cooperi...... 48 argus, Cephalopholis...... 43 Anarchias seychellensis...... 14 Anthias evansi...... 48 argus, Epinephelus...... 43 anas, Pristipoma...... 65 Anthias squammipinnis...... 49 argus, Ostracion...... 119 Anchois-moustache sardine...... 21 anthioides, Bodianus...... 83 argyreus, Gerres...... 64 Anchovies...... 21 Antigonia capros...... 114 Argyripnus sp...... 23 Angelfishes...... 74 Antigonia rubescens...... 114 argyrogrammicus, Pristipomoides...... 62 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 139 argyro-grammiscus, Serranus...... 62 auriga, Tetragonoptrus...... 71 Bancloche...... 57 argyropastus, Physiculus...... 26 aurolineatus, Gnathodentex...... 66 Bandcheek wrasse...... 88 Argyropelecus aculeatus...... 23 aurolineatus, Neoniphon...... 34 Band-dot goatfish...... 69 Argyropelecus hemigymnus...... 24 auromarginatus, Xanthichthys...... 117 Banded grunt...... 65 Argyrops filamentosus...... 65 aurora, Amblyeleotris...... 98 Banded lizardfish...... 24 Argyrops spinifer...... 65 australis, Remora...... 54 Banded sergeant...... 77 Ariosoma mauritianum...... 20 Auxis rochei...... 111 Banded snake eel...... 19 armatus, Acanthonus...... 27 Auxis rochei rochei...... 111 Bandfin cardinalfish...... 53 armatus, Carangoides...... 55 Auxis thazard...... 111 Bandroie marache...... 28 Armoured searobins...... 41 Auxis thazard thazard...... 111 Bandtail cardinal...... 52 Armourheads...... 75 Awaous commersoni...... 99 Barbé...... 68 Arothron caeruleopunctatus...... 120 axillaris, Bodianus...... 83 Barbel flyingfish...... 31 Arothron hispidus...... 120 axillaris, Chromis...... 78 barberinus, Parupeneus...... 68 Arothron immaculatus...... 120 axillaris, Julis...... 89 Barbue...... 68 Arothron mappa...... 120 axillaris, Mugil...... 30 Barbure indien...... 67 Arothron meleagris...... 121 Axilspot hogfish...... 83 Barbure rayé...... 68 Arothron nigropunctatus...... 121 Axinurus dipeltis...... 109 Barfaced sandperch...... 93 Arothron stellatus...... 121 Axinurus leptopeltis...... 109 Barracuda...... 110 Arrowfin bigeye...... 51 aygula, Coris...... 84 barracuda, Sphyraena...... 110 aruanus, Dascyllus...... 80 Aylopon mauritianus...... 48 Barracudas...... 110 Aseraggodes diringeri...... 114 Barred blenny...... 95 Aseraggodes guttulatus...... 115 Baelama anchovy...... 21 Barred filefish...... 118 asper, Cirrhigaleus...... 11 baelama, Thryssa...... 21 Barred flagtail...... 50 asper, Squalus...... 11 bagio, Muraenesox...... 21 Barred moray...... 15 Aspidontus dussumieri...... 94 baillonii, Trachinotus...... 58 Barred needlefish...... 31 Aspidontus taeniatus...... 94 bairdianus, Sphyraenops...... 53 Barred prawn goby...... 100 Aspidontus tractus...... 94 Balaou...... 31 Barred thicklip wrasse...... 86 aspricaudus, Pervagor...... 119 Balibot rayé...... 23 Bar-tailed moray...... 17 assasi, Balistes...... 117 Balistapus undulatus...... 115 Bassozetus galatheae...... 27 Asterropteryx semipunctata...... 99 Baliste clown...... 115 Bassozetus glutinosus...... 27 Atherina pectoralis...... 30 Baliste double-queue...... 117 Batavia noir...... 62 Atherina pinguis...... 30 Baliste léopard...... 115 Batfishes...... 105 Athérine têtue...... 30 Baliste masqué...... 117 Bathycongrus wallacei...... 20 Atherinidae...... 30 Baliste verdâtre...... 115 Bathygobius coalitus...... 99 Atherinomorus lacunosus...... 30 Balistes aculeatus...... 117 Bathygobius cocosensis...... 99 Atlantic tripletail...... 64 Balistes angulosus...... 116 Bathygobius cotticeps...... 99 atricauda, Clupea...... 22 Balistes arcuatus...... 117 Bathygobius cyclopterus...... 100 atripectoralis, Chromis...... 78 Balistes assasi...... 117 Bathygobius fuscus...... 100 atrolumbus, Cossyphus...... 83 Balistes bursa...... 117 Bathygobius niger...... 100 Atule mate...... 55 Balistes calolepis...... 117 Bathygobius smithi...... 100 audax, Kajikia...... 113 Balistes cinereus...... 117 bathyoreos, Halieutopsis...... 29 audax, Makaira...... 113 Balistes conspicillum...... 115 bauchotae, Channomuraena...... 14 audax, Tetrapturus...... 113 Balistes frenatus...... 117 Baxou...... 67 augusti, Muraena...... 18 Balistes gutturosus...... 117 bayeri, Enchelycore...... 15 Aulacocephalus temminckii...... 43 Balistes lineo-punctatus...... 118 Beaked sandfish...... 22 Aulostoma chinensis...... 36 Balistes maculatus...... 116 beanii, Serrivomer...... 21 Aulostomidae...... 36 Balistes niger...... 116 Bearded brotula...... 27 Aulostomus chinensis...... 36 Balistes noir...... 116 Beardfishes...... 26 Aulostomus valentini...... 36 Balistes reticulatus...... 116 Beau clair...... 50 aurantia, Cephalopholis...... 43 Balistes ringens...... 118 Beau clair de roche...... 50 aurantius, Epinephelus...... 43 Balistidae...... 115 Beau clair du large...... 50, 51 auratus, Carassius...... 23 Balistoides conspicillum...... 115 Beau clair miroir...... 50 auratus, Chelio...... 84 Balistoides conspiculum...... 115 Beauclaire...... 35 aureolineatus, Gnathodentex...... 66 Balistoides viridescens...... 115 Beauclaire aile sagitté...... 51 aureus, Centropomus...... 52 Ballon à bande argentée...... 122 Beauclaire longue aile...... 50 aureus, Ostorhinchus...... 52 Balloon porcupinefish...... 123 Beautiful fusilier...... 63 auricilla, Pristipomoides...... 62 balteatus, Julis...... 89 Bécune...... 110 auriflamma, Mulloidichthys...... 68 Banane...... 13, 84 Bécune obtuse...... 110 auriga, Chaetodon...... 71 bananus, Albula...... 13 bellus, Istiblennius...... 96 140 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Belone crocodila...... 32 biocellatus, Abudefduf...... 79 Black-spotted sweetlips...... 64 Belone melanostigma...... 31 biocellatus, Chaetodon...... 72 Blackstripe sweeper...... 70 Belonidae...... 31 biocellatus, Dendrochirus...... 39 Blacktail chromis...... 78 Bengal snapper...... 60 bipartitus, Macropharyngodon...... 87 Blacktip kingfish...... 56 bengalensis labiata, Anguilla...... 13 bipinnulata, Elagatis...... 57 Blacktip reef shark...... 9 bengalensis, Lutjanus...... 60 Birdbeak burrfish...... 123 Blacktip sardinella...... 22 bennetti, Canthigaster...... 121 Birdfish...... 85 Blacktip shark...... 9 bennettii, Channomuraena...... 14 birostris, Manta...... 12 Blacktip soldierfish...... 33 Benthodesmus elongatus...... 111 bispinatus, Euprotomicrus...... 10 Blacktip trevally...... 56 Benthosema fibulatum...... 25 bispinnosus, Centropyge...... 74 Blackwing flyingfish...... 30 Béquine...... 67 bispinosa, Centropyge...... 74 Blanche commune...... 64 berndti, Myripristis...... 33 Black jack...... 56 Blanche fil...... 64 berndti, Polymixia...... 26 Black kingfish...... 56 Blanche gouvernail...... 64 Berycidae...... 32 Black marlin...... 113 bleekeri, Acanthurus...... 107 Berycids...... 32 Black minigoby...... 100 Blennechis dussumieri...... 94 Beryx commun...... 32 Black pomfret...... 57 Blenniella chrysospilos...... 94 Beryx decadactylus...... 32 Black pyramid butterflyfish...... 73 Blenniella cyanostigma...... 94 bicarinatus, Doryrhamphus...... 37 Black ribbontail ray...... 12 Blenniella gibbifrons...... 94 Bichique...... 100, 103 Black snapper...... 62 Blenniella periophthalmus...... 94 bicoarctatus, Trachyrhamphus...... 37 Black snoek...... 111 Blennies...... 94 bicolor, Anguilla...... 13 Black sweetlips...... 65 Blenniidae...... 94 bicolor, Cetoscarus...... 90 Black triggerfish...... 116 Blennioides dussumieri...... 96 bicolor, Fowlerella...... 87 Black-and-white snapper...... 62 blochi, Trachinotus...... 58 bicolor, Labroides...... 87 Black-axil chromis...... 78 blochii, Acanthurus...... 106 Bicoloured bristlemouth...... 23 Black-backed butterflyfish...... 72 blochii, Platax...... 105 Bicoloured cleaner wrasse...... 87 Black-banded hogfish...... 83 blochii, Scarus...... 90 Bicoloured parrotfish...... 90 Black-banded trevally...... 58 blochii, Trachinotus...... 58 Bicoloured toby...... 122 Blackbar devil...... 80 Bloodspot pipefish...... 36 bifasciatus, Acanthopagrus...... 65 Blackbar filefish...... 119 Bloodspot squirrelfish...... 34 bifasciatus, Mullus...... 69 Black-barred halfbeak...... 31 Blotcheye soldier...... 33 bifasciatus, Parupeneus...... 69 Black-barred surgeonfish...... 107 Blotcheye soldierfish...... 33 bifilum, Antennablennius...... 94 Blackblotch squirrelfish...... 35 Blotch-necked moray...... 16 bifilum, Croaltus...... 94 blackburni, Chaetodon...... 71 Blotchy rockcod...... 45 Big angler...... 28 blackburnii, Chaetodon...... 71 Bludger...... 55 Bigeye barenose...... 67 Blackburn’s butterflyfish...... 71 Blue blanquillo...... 54 Bigeye emperor...... 67 Blackchins...... 25 Blue damsel...... 79 Bigeye kingfish...... 56 Blackedge thicklip wrasse...... 86 Blue fusilier...... 63 Bigeye scad...... 58 Black-edged butterflyfish...... 71 Blue marlin...... 113 Bigeye sixgill shark...... 11 Black-edged conger...... 20 Blue Mauritius angelfish...... 75 Bigeye stumpnose...... 66 Black-edged sweeper...... 70 Blue pete...... 81 Bigeye thresher...... 8 Blackfin dartfish...... 104 Blue razorfish...... 87 Bigeye trevally...... 56 Blackfin pygmy goby...... 101 Blue seachub...... 71 Bigeye tuna...... 112 Blackfin squirrelfish...... 34 Blue shark...... 10 Bigeyes...... 50 Blackfin triplefin...... 93 Blue smalltooth jobfish...... 60 bigibbus, Kyphosus...... 70 Blackflash ribbon fish...... 26 Blue sprat...... 22 Bignose unicornfish...... 109 Blacklip damsel...... 81 Blue tilefish...... 54 Bigscale soldierfish...... 33 Blacksaddle coral grouper...... 48 Blue trevally...... 55 Bigspot grouper...... 45 Blacksaddle goatfish...... 69 Blue triggerfish...... 116 Bigspot rockcod...... 45 Blacksaddle mimic...... 119 Blue-and-yellow grouper...... 45 Bigtooth pomfret...... 59 Black-saddled toby...... 122 Blue-banded snapper...... 61 bimacula, Amblycirrhitus...... 75 Blackside hawkfish...... 76 Blue-barred parrotfish...... 91 bilunulatus, Bodianus...... 83 Blackspot emperor...... 66 Blue-dashed rockskipper...... 94 bilunulatus, Cossyphus...... 83 Blackspot goatfish...... 69 Bluefin kingfish...... 56 bimaculatus, Anthias...... 48 Blackspot hogfish...... 83 Bluefin trevally...... 56 bimaculatus, Bodianus...... 83 Blackspot sergeant...... 77 Blue-green chromis...... 79 bimaculatus, Oxycheilinus...... 88 Blackspot snapper...... 61 Blueline herring...... 22 bimaculatus, Pseudanthias...... 48 Black-spotted electric ray...... 12 Blue-lined flashlight fish...... 32 binotatus, Ablabys...... 41 Black-spotted hawkfish...... 76 Blue-lined large-eye seabream...... 66 binotatus, Synodus...... 24 Black-spotted puffer...... 121 Blue-lined snapper...... 61 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 141

Blue-lined squirrelfish...... 35 borbonius, Odontanthias...... 48 Bristlemouth...... 23 Blue-lined wrasse...... 89 borbonius, Serranus...... 48 Bristlemouths...... 23 Blueribbon demoiselle...... 79 botche, Myripristis...... 33 Broadband prawn goby...... 98 Bluespine unicornfish...... 109 Bothidae...... 114 Broad-banded cardinalfish...... 52 Bluespot mullet...... 30 Bothus mancus...... 114 Broad-barred firefish...... 39 Blue-spotted cornetfish...... 38 Bothus pantherinus...... 114 Broad-striped cardinalfish...... 52 Blue-spotted goby...... 99 bourboni, Lepidaplois...... 83 Bronze sweeper...... 70 Blue-spotted jobfish...... 62 bourboniensis, Echeneis...... 55 Broom filefish...... 118 Blue-spotted puffer...... 120 bourboniensis, Rhombus...... 114 Brosmophyciops pautzkei...... 27 Blue-spotted tamarin...... 82 Bourse...... 116, 118 Brotula burbonensis...... 27 Blue-spotted wrasse...... 82 Bourse à lunette...... 118 Brotula multibarbata...... 27 Bluestreak cleaner wrasse...... 87 Bourse à taches blanches...... 118 Brotule barbe-de-boue...... 27 Bluestreak fusilier...... 63 Bourse de fond...... 120 Brown chub...... 70 Bluestreak goby...... 104 Bourse jaune...... 115 Brownburnie...... 71 Bluestripe herring...... 22 Bourse loulou...... 118 Brown-marbled grouper...... 45 Blue-striped snapper...... 61 Bourse mulet...... 115 brownriggii, Chrysiptera...... 79 Blunthead shark...... 10 Bourse noire...... 116 Brown-spotted rockcod...... 44 Bluntnose spiny dogfish...... 11 Bourse piastre...... 115 Brown-spotted spinefoot...... 105 Bluntsnout gregory...... 82 Bourse pièce...... 115 Brushtail tang...... 109 Blunt-tooth conger...... 20 Bourse rayon de miel...... 118 Brushtooth butterflyfish...... 73 Boarfishes...... 114 Bourse revolver...... 117 Bucktooth parrotfish...... 90 Bodianus albimaculatus...... 83 Bouvetanne...... 120, 123 Bull shark...... 9 Bodianus anthioides...... 83 bowditchae, Myripristis...... 33 bullata, Thyrsoidea...... 16 Bodianus axillaris...... 83 Bowtie damselfish...... 80 Bullet tuna...... 111 Bodianus bilunulatus...... 83 Boxer snipe eel...... 21 Bullethead parrotfish...... 90 Bodianus bimaculatus...... 83 Boxfishes...... 119 Bullethead rockskipper...... 94 Bodianus diana...... 83 brachio, Synanceia...... 41 Bumpnose trevally...... 56 Bodianus hirsutus...... 83 brachycentron, Naso...... 108 burbonensis, Brotula...... 27 Bodianus leucosticticus...... 83 brachyptera, Remora...... 54 buroensis, Gymnothorax...... 15 Bodianus macrourus...... 83 brachypterus, Dendrochirus...... 39 bursa, Balistes...... 117 Bodianus opercularis...... 83 brachypterus, Echeneis...... 54 bursa, Sufflamen...... 117 Bodianus perditio...... 83 brachypterus, Parexocoetus...... 31 bursarius, Triodon...... 120 bodianus, Cossyphus...... 83 brachysoma, Choeroichthys...... 36 busakhini, Polymixia...... 26 boelama, Engraulis...... 21 brachysoma, Doryichthys...... 36 Butis butis...... 98 boenack, Epinephelus...... 43 brachysoma, Exocoetus...... 31 Butterfly breams...... 67 boenak, Cephalopholis...... 43 Brachysomophis crocodilinus...... 19 Butterflyfishes...... 71 bohar, Lutjanus...... 61 brachyurus millepunctatus, Microphis..37 Bythitidae...... 27 Bolinichthys supralateralis...... 25 brachyurus, Microphis...... 37 bonaparti, Ophichthus...... 19 Brama dussumieri...... 59 Cabillus tongarevae...... 100 Bonefishes...... 13 Brama orcini...... 59 Cabot...... 99 Bonhomme tombé...... 61 Bramidae...... 59 Cabot à bouche ronde...... 100, 103 Bonite...... 112 Branchiostegus doliatus...... 53 Cabot aux yeux vert...... 45 Bonite à gros yeux...... 112 Brassy chub...... 71 Cabot cafre...... 46 Bonite kalou...... 112 Brassy kingfish...... 56 Cabot de cascade...... 100 Bonite la côte...... 112 Brassy trevally...... 56 Cabot de fond...... 45, 46 Bonite oriental...... 112 braueri, Cyclothone...... 23 Cabot grosse écaille...... 45 Bonpartère...... 85 brevidorsalis, Synaphobranchus...... 18 Cabot guignan...... 44 Bony-eared assfish...... 27 brevipinna, Carcharhinus...... 9 Cabot lézard...... 103 Boomerang triggerfish...... 117 brevirostris, Aprion...... 62 Cabot marare...... 98 boops, Priacanthus...... 50 brevirostris, Malacanthus...... 54 Cabot nègre...... 46 borbonica, Solea...... 115 brevirostris, Naseus...... 108 Cabot noir...... 46, 98 borbonicus, Lethrinus...... 66 brevirostris, Naso...... 108 Cabot rayé...... 65, 103 borbonicus, Mugil...... 30 brevis, Exallias...... 96 Cabot sale...... 45, 46 borbonicus, Myripristis...... 33 Bridled cardinalfish...... 53 Caduchon...... 22 borbonicus, Odax...... 88 Bridled parrotfish...... 91 Caelorinchus acanthiger...... 26 borbonicus, Serranus...... 45 Bridled spinecheek...... 67 caerulaurea, Caesio...... 63 borboniensis, Echeneis...... 55 Brighteye damsel...... 80 caerulaureus, Caesio...... 63 borboniensis, Hippocampus...... 37 Brilliant pomfret...... 59 caeruleo-pinnatus, Caranx...... 55 borbonius, Myripristis...... 33 Brindlebass...... 45 caeruleopunctatus, Anampses...... 82 142 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 caeruleopunctatus, Arothron...... 120 capensis, Pentaceros...... 75 Caranx lugubris...... 56 caeruleopunctatus, Epinephelus...... 44 Capitaine...... 66 Caranx malabaricus...... 55 caerulescens, Aphareus...... 60 Capitaine blanc...... 67 Caranx mate...... 55 caeruleus, Chromis...... 79 capitanus, Scarus...... 90 Caranx mauritianus...... 58 caeruleus, Gobius...... 103 Caproidae...... 114 Caranx melampygus...... 56 caeruleus, Gomphosus...... 85 capros, Antigonia...... 114 Caranx papuensis...... 56 caeruleus, Pomacentrus...... 81 Captain parrotfish...... 90 Caranx sexfasciatus...... 56 Caesio à croissant...... 63 Capucin...... 68, 69 Carapidae...... 26 Caesio à dos jaune...... 63 Capucin malbar...... 68 Carapus homei...... 26 Caesio à dos jaune et bleu...... 63 Capucin queue jaune...... 68 Carassin doré...... 23 Caesio azuror...... 63 Capucin sergent...... 68 Carassius auratus...... 23 Caesio caerulaurea...... 63 Capuciva à bande jaune...... 68 carbunculus, Etelis...... 60 Caesio lunaris...... 63 Capuciva orange...... 68 Carcharhinidae...... 8 Caesio teres...... 63 Caracanthus maculatus...... 38 Carcharhinus albimarginatus...... 8 Caesio xanthonota...... 63 Caracanthus madagascariensis...... 38 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos...... 9 Caesio xanthurus...... 62 Caracanthus unipinna...... 39 Carcharhinus brevipinna...... 9 Caesionidae...... 63 Carangidae...... 55 Carcharhinus falciformis...... 9 Calico frogfish...... 28 Carangoides armatus...... 55 Carcharhinus leucas...... 9 Callechelys marmorata...... 19 Carangoides chrysophrys...... 55 Carcharhinus limbatus...... 9 Callionymidae...... 97 Carangoides coeruleopinnatus...... 55 Carcharhinus longimanus...... 9 Callionymus aagilis...... 97 Carangoides ferdau...... 55 Carcharhinus melanopterus...... 9 Callogobius flavobrunneus...... 100 Carangoides fulvoguttatus...... 55 Carcharhinus plumbeus...... 9 Callogobius sclateri...... 100 Carangoides gymnostethus...... 55 Carcharhinus sorrah...... 10 Callyodon ghobban...... 91 Carangoides hedlandensis...... 56 Carcharhinus wheeleri...... 9 Callyodon oviceps...... 92 Carangoides oblongus...... 56 carcharias, Carcharodon...... 8 Callyodon speigleri...... 91 Carangoides orthogrammus...... 56 Carcharodon carcharias...... 8 calolepis, Balistes...... 117 Carangue...... 56 Cardinal...... 33, 34, 50 Calonnier côte...... 89 Carangue à longes nageoires...... 56 Cardinal fishes...... 51 Calotomus carolinus...... 90 Carangue aile bleue...... 56 Cardinal gros écailles...... 33 canadum, Rachycentron...... 51 Carangue balo...... 55 Cardinal lancette...... 35 canariensis, Umbrina...... 67 Carangue blanc...... 55 Cardinal petit écailles...... 34 Canary drum...... 67 Carangue bleu...... 56 Cardinal queue jaune...... 33 cancrivorus, Pisodonophis...... 19 Carangue bronze...... 56 carneus, Dascyllus...... 80 Candelamoa parrotfish...... 91 Carangue cochon...... 55 carolinus, Calotomus...... 90 canescens, Zanclus...... 106 Carangue cocole...... 56 Carpe commune...... 23 canina, Enchelynassa...... 15 Carangue dentue...... 57 carpio, Cyprinus...... 23 cantharoides, Aetiasis...... 62 Carangue des Îles...... 56 Carps and minnows...... 23 Cantherhines dumerilii...... 118 Carangue folle...... 55 Castagnole mignonne...... 59 Cantherhines fronticinctus...... 118 Carangue grosse tête...... 56 Castagnoline noire...... 57 Cantherhines pardalis...... 118 Carangue maté...... 55 castaneus, Cirripectes...... 94 Canthidermis maculata...... 115 Carangue noire...... 56 caudavittata, Kuhlia...... 50 Canthigaster amboinensis...... 121 Carangue oblongue...... 56 caudavittatus, Dules...... 50 Canthigaster bennetti...... 121 Carangue paia...... 58 caudicinctus, Apogon...... 51 Canthigaster caudofasciatus...... 122 Carangue pailletée...... 55 caudimacula, Coris...... 85 Canthigaster cyanospilota...... 121 Carangue royale jaune...... 57 caudimacula, Hemicoris...... 85 Canthigaster inframacula...... 121 Carangue sap-sap...... 55 caudimaculatum, Sargocentron...... 34 Canthigaster janthinoptera...... 122 Carangue tachetée...... 55 caudimaculatus, Holocentrus...... 34 Canthigaster margaritatus...... 121 Carangue tapir...... 55 caudofasciatus, Canthigaster...... 122 Canthigaster natalensis...... 122 Carangue têtue...... 56 caudofasciatus, Scarus...... 91 Canthigaster rivulata...... 122 Carangue vorace...... 56 caudovittatus, Genicanthus...... 75 Canthigaster smithae...... 122 Carangus hippos...... 57 cauerensis, Acentrogobius...... 101 Canthigaster solandri...... 122 carangus, Caranx...... 57 cauerensis, Gnatholepis...... 101 Canthigaster valentini...... 122 Caranx caeruleo-pinnatus...... 55 celestinus, Glyphisodon...... 77 Canthogaster valentijni...... 122 Caranx carangus...... 57 Cendré...... 62 Cape armourhead...... 75 Caranx chrysophrys...... 55 centiquadrus, Labrus...... 85 Cape conger...... 20 Caranx crumenophthalmus...... 58 Centrophoridae...... 11 Cape fathead...... 113 Caranx gymnostethoides...... 55 Centrophorus moluccensis...... 11 Cape moony...... 71 Caranx heberi...... 56 Centropomus ambassis...... 42 capensis, Cubiceps...... 113 Caranx ignobilis...... 56 Centropomus aureus...... 52 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 143

Centropomus macrodon...... 51 Chalixodytes tauensis...... 92 Chironectes mesogallicus...... 29 Centropomus ruber...... 35 chameleontoculis, Chalixodytes...... 92 Chironectes nesogallicus...... 29 Centropomus rupestris...... 50 Chanidae...... 22 Chironectes scaber...... 28 Centropristis saponaceus...... 43 Channomuraena bauchotae...... 14 Chirurgien...... 108 Centropyge acanthops...... 74 Channomuraena bennettii...... 14 Chiseltooth wrasse...... 88 Centropyge bispinosa...... 74 Chano...... 22 Chitte...... 29 Centropyge debelius...... 75 Chanos chanos...... 22 Chlorophthalmidae...... 24 Centropyge diacanthus...... 74 Chanos lubina...... 22 Chlorophthalmus sp...... 24 Centropyge interruptus...... 75 Chaunacidae...... 29 Chlopsidae...... 14 Centropyge multispinis...... 75 Chaunax umbrinus...... 29 chlorostigma, Epinephelus...... 44 Centroscymnus crepidater...... 10 Checked swallowtail...... 48 chlorourus, Cheilinus...... 84 Cephalacanthus spinarella...... 38 Checkerboard wrasse...... 85 Chlorurus enneacanthus...... 90 Cephalopholis argus...... 43 Cheek-lined wrasse...... 88 Chlorurus japanensis...... 90 Cephalopholis aurantia...... 43 Cheek-scaled frillgoby...... 99 Chlorurus sordidus...... 90 Cephalopholis boenak...... 43 Cheilinus arenatus...... 88 Chlorurus strongylocephalus...... 90 Cephalopholis cyanostigma...... 44 Cheilinus chlorourus...... 84 Chocolate dip...... 78 Cephalopholis gibbus...... 44 Cheilinus diagrammus...... 88 Chocolate hind...... 43 Cephalopholis leopardus...... 43 Cheilinus fasciatus...... 84 Chocolate surgeonfish...... 107 Cephalopholis miniata...... 43 Cheilinus lunulatus...... 84 Choerodon robustus...... 84 Cephalopholis polleni...... 44 Cheilinus oxycephalus...... 84 Choeroichthys brachysoma...... 36 Cephalopholis sexmaculata...... 44 Cheilinus radiatus...... 88 Choeroichthys sculptus...... 36 Cephalopholis sonnerati...... 44 Cheilinus trilobatus...... 84 Choeroichthys valencienni...... 36 Cephalopholis spiloparaea...... 44 Cheilinus undulatus...... 84 Choerops dodecacanthus...... 84 Cephalopholis urodeta...... 44 Cheilio inermis...... 84 choram, Mastaccembelus...... 32 cephalotes, Mugil...... 30 Cheilodipterus lineatus...... 51 Chorinemus Commersonii...... 57 cephalus, Mugil...... 30 Cheilodipterus macrodon...... 51 Chorinemus lysan...... 58 Ceratoscopelus warmingii...... 25 Cheilodipterus polyacanthus...... 52 Chorinemus mauritianus...... 58 Cerf volant...... 62 Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus...... 52 Chorinemus sanctipetri...... 58 Cetoscarus bicolor...... 90 Cheilopogon cyanopterus...... 30 Chorinemus tol...... 58 Cetoscarus ocellatus...... 90 Cheilopogon furcatus...... 30 Christmas parrotfish...... 90 Chaetodon auriga...... 71 Cheilopogon nigricans...... 30 Christmas wrasse...... 89 Chaetodon biocellatus...... 72 Cheimerius nufar...... 65 Chromis agilis...... 78 Chaetodon blackburni...... 71 Chelio auratus...... 84 Chromis atripectoralis...... 78 Chaetodon blackburnii...... 71 Chelio cyano-chloris...... 84 Chromis axillaris...... 78 Chaetodon chrysurus...... 72 Chelon melinopterus...... 29 Chromis caeruleus...... 79 Chaetodon cornutus...... 106 Chestnut blenny...... 94 Chromis chrysura...... 78 Chaetodon diacanthus...... 74 Chétodon à croissant...... 72 Chromis dimidiata...... 78 Chaetodon dolosus...... 71 Chétodon à demi-deuil...... 71, 74 Chromis leucura...... 78 Chaetodon guezei...... 74 Chétodon à dos noir...... 72 Chromis nigrura...... 78 Chaetodon guttatissimus...... 72 Chétodon à tache de citron...... 72 Chromis opercularis...... 78 Chaetodon interruptus...... 72 Chétodon à tête jaune...... 73 Chromis simulans...... 79 Chaetodon kleinii...... 72 Chétodon à vagabond...... 73 Chromis ternatensis...... 79 Chaetodon lineolatus...... 72 Chétodon de Madagascar...... 72 Chromis viridis...... 79 Chaetodon lunula...... 72 Chétodon de Zanzibar...... 73 Chromis weberi...... 79 Chaetodon maculatus...... 72 Chétodon linéolé...... 72 Chromis xanthura...... 79 Chaetodon madagaskariensis...... 72 Chétodon moucheté...... 72 Chromis xanthurus...... 79 Chaetodon melannotus...... 72 Chevroned butterflyfish...... 73 chryseredros, Parupeneus...... 68 Chaetodon mesogallicus...... 73 Chien...... 83, 84 chryseredros, Upeneus...... 68 Chaetodon meyeri...... 72 Chien noir...... 86 chryseres, Myripristis...... 33 Chaetodon mitratus...... 73 Chilomycterus reticulatus...... 123 Chrysiptera annulata...... 79 Chaetodon nigripinnatus...... 73 Chilomycterus tigrinus...... 123 Chrysiptera brownriggii...... 79 Chaetodon trifascialis...... 73 chilospilus, Gymnothorax...... 15 Chrysiptera glauca...... 79 Chaetodon trifasciatus...... 73 chiltonae, Thysanophrys...... 42 Chrysiptera leucopoma...... 79 Chaetodon unimaculatus...... 72 Chinard...... 58 Chrysiptera unimaculata...... 79 Chaetodon vagabundus...... 73 chinensis, Aulostomus...... 36 chrysogaster, Amphiprion...... 78 Chaetodon xanthocephalus...... 73 Chinese trumpetfish...... 36 chrysophrys, Carangoides...... 55 Chaetodon zanzibarensis...... 73 Chinestripe goby...... 103 chrysophrys, Caranx...... 55 Chaetodontidae...... 71 Chironectes coccineus...... 28 chrysoptera, Hemibalistes...... 117 Chalixodytes chameleontoculis...... 92 Chironectes hispidus...... 28 chrysopterum, Sufflamen...... 117 144 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 chrysospilos, Blenniella...... 94 Clupeonia fasciata...... 22 commersonii, Julis...... 89 chrysotaenia, Sphyraena...... 110 Clupeonia jussieui...... 22 commersonii, Psettus...... 71 chrysura, Chromis...... 78 Coachman...... 74 commersonii, Stolephorus...... 21 chrysurus, Chaetodon...... 72 Coachwhip trevally...... 56 Commerson’s anchovy...... 21 chrysurus, Pomacentrus...... 81 coalitus, Bathygobius...... 99 Commerson’s freshwater goby...... 99 Cichlidae...... 76 Coastal kingfish...... 55 Commerson’s frogfish...... 28 Cichlids...... 76 Coastal trevally...... 55 Commerson’s glassy...... 42 Cigar wrasse...... 84 Cobia...... 51 Common carp...... 23 ciliatus, Moronopsis...... 50 coccinea, Halieutaea...... 29 Common dolphinfish...... 54 ciliatus, Parupeneus...... 68 coccineus, Antennarius...... 28 Common eagle ray...... 13 cincta, Priolepis...... 103 coccineus, Apogon...... 51 Common false moray...... 14 cinctus, Cirrhites...... 76 coccineus, Chironectes...... 28 Common helmet gurnard...... 38 cinctus, Priolepis...... 103 Cocher blanc...... 106 Common mojarra...... 64 cinerascens, Heliastes...... 79 Cociella crocodila...... 42 Common mudskipper...... 103 cinerascens, Kyphosus...... 71 Cockatoo waspfish...... 41 Common parrotfish...... 91 cinerascens, Sciaena...... 71 Cocos frillgoby...... 99 Common pike conger...... 21 cinereus, Balistes...... 117 cocosensis, Bathygobius...... 99 Common ponyfish...... 59 cinereus, Conger...... 20 Coelorhynchus flabellispinus...... 26 Common remora...... 55 cinereus, Muraenesox...... 20, 21 coeruleolineatus, Plesiops...... 49 Common silver-biddy...... 64 cinereus, Rhinecanthus...... 117 coeruleomaculatus, Mugil...... 30 Common slipmouth...... 59 cingulum, Abudefduf...... 81 coeruleopinnatus, Carangoides...... 55 Compère à taches blanches...... 120 Cinnabar goatfish...... 69 coeruleopunctatus, Epinephelus...... 44 Compère à taches noires...... 121 cinnabarinus, Parupeneus...... 69 Coffinfishes...... 29 Compère étoilé...... 121 Circular spadefish...... 105 Coffre...... 119, 120 Compère pintade...... 121 Cirrhigaleus asper...... 11 Coffre boufle...... 119 compressus, Epinephelus...... 46 Cirrhites cinctus...... 76 Coffre jaune...... 119 concatenatus, Ostracion...... 120 Cirrhites guichenoti...... 75 Coffre pintade...... 120 concatenatus, Tetrosomus...... 120 Cirrhites maculatus...... 76 Coin-bearing frogfish...... 28 conchyliatus, Lethrinus...... 66 Cirrhites marmoratus...... 76 Coin-coin...... 65 concolor, Uropterygius...... 18 Cirrhites pantherinus...... 76 coioides, Epinephelus...... 45 Conger altipinnis...... 20 Cirrhites punctatus...... 76 Colas à bandes dorées...... 62 Conger cinereus...... 20 Cirrhitichthys aprinus...... 75 Colas bagnard...... 63 Conger eels...... 20 Cirrhitichthys guichenoti...... 75 Colas dentu...... 63 Conger wilsoni...... 20 Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus...... 75 Colas drapeau...... 62 Congre chabouk...... 19 Cirrhitidae...... 75 Colas fil...... 62 Congre jaune...... 15 Cirrhitops fasciatus...... 76 Colas lavande...... 63 Congre noir...... 15 Cirrhitus fasciatus...... 76 Colas orné...... 62 Congre oiro...... 20 Cirrhitus pinnulatus...... 76 Coloconger raniceps...... 20 Congre tacheté...... 16, 17 Cirripectes castaneus...... 94 Colocongridae...... 20 Congridae...... 20 Cirripectes polyzona...... 95 Colombine pastel...... 86 conspicillum, Balistes...... 115 Cirripectes quagga...... 95 colubrinus, Myrichthys...... 19 conspicillum, Balistoides...... 115 Cirripectes randalli...... 95 Comet grouper...... 46 conspiculum, Balistoides...... 115 Cirripectes stigmaticus...... 95 Comète macquereau...... 57 Constellation fish...... 24 Cirripectes variolosus...... 94 Comète maouane...... 57 Contour rockcod...... 46 citrinus, Gobiodon...... 101 Comète saumon...... 57 Convict cichlid...... 76 Clarisse africaine...... 85 commerson, Antennarius...... 28 Convict goby...... 103 Clarisse clown...... 84 commerson, Scomberomorus...... 112 Convict surgeonfish...... 107 Clingfishes...... 97 commersoni, Awaous...... 99 Cookeolus japonicus...... 50 Clinidae...... 93 commersoni, Sphyraena...... 110 cookii, Ostorhinchus...... 52 Clouded lizardfish...... 24 commersonianus, Scomberoides...... 57 Cook’s cardinalfish...... 52 Cloudy dascyllus...... 80 commersonii, Ambassis...... 42 cooperi, Anthias...... 48 Clown coris...... 84 commersonii, Antennarius...... 28 cooperi, Pseudanthias...... 48 Clown triggerfish...... 115 commersonii, Chorinemus...... 57 Coral beauty...... 74 Clupanodon jussieui...... 22 commersonii, Clupeonia...... 22 Coral hind...... 43 Clupea atricauda...... 22 commersonii, Cybium...... 112 Coral rockcod...... 43 Clupea mauritiana...... 22 commersonii, Exocoetus...... 31 Coral scorpionfish...... 40 Clupea melanura...... 22 commersonii, Fistularia...... 38 Coranthus polyacanthus...... 52 Clupeidae...... 21 commersonii, Gobius...... 99 Cordonnier...... 107 Clupeonia commersonii...... 22 commersonii, Hemirhamphus...... 31 Coris africana...... 85 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 145

Coris aygula...... 84 Croaltus bifilum...... 94 Cyclothone alba...... 23 Coris caudimacula...... 85 crocineus, Lethrinus...... 66 Cyclothone braueri...... 23 Coris cuvieri...... 85 crocodila, Belone...... 32 Cyclothone jaune...... 23 Coris formosa...... 85 crocodila, Cociella...... 42 Cyclothone microdon...... 23 Coris frerei...... 85 Crocodile flathead...... 42 Cyclothone pallida...... 23 Coris gaimard...... 85 Crocodile needlefish...... 32 Cymolutes praetextatus...... 85 coris, Julis...... 84 Crocodile snake eel...... 19 cynodus, Saurus...... 25 Corithoichthys flavofasciatus...... 36 Crocodilefishes...... 92 Cynoglossidae...... 115 Cornette à taches bleues...... 38 crocodilinus, Brachysomophis...... 19 Cynoglossus lachneri...... 115 Cornette rouge...... 38 crocodilus fodiator, Tylosurus...... 32 Cyprinidae...... 23 cornuta, Lactoria...... 119 crocodilus, Platycephalus...... 42 Cyprinocirrhites polyactis...... 76 cornutus, Chaetodon...... 106 crocodilus, Tylosurus...... 32 cyprinoides, Eleotris...... 98 cornutus, Ostracion...... 119 Crocro drapeau...... 50 cyprinoides, Hypseleotris...... 98 cornutus, Zanclus...... 106 Crocro sauvage...... 50 cyprinoides, Megalops...... 13 Coronation grouper...... 49 Croissant queue blanche...... 49 cyprinoides, Nestis...... 29 coruscans, Etelis...... 60 Croissant queue jaune...... 49 cyprinoides, Upeneus...... 68 Coryphaena equigalis...... 54 Crown squirrelfish...... 35 Cyprinus carpio...... 23 Coryphaena equiselis...... 54 Crowned toby...... 121 Cyprinus maillardi...... 23 Coryphaena hippurus...... 54 cruentatus, Heteropriacanthus...... 50 Cypselurus naresii...... 30 Coryphaenidae...... 54 cruentatus, Priacanthus...... 50 Cypselurus poecilopterus...... 30 Coryphène...... 54 crumenophthalmus, Caranx...... 58 Coryphène dauphin...... 54 crumenophthalmus, Selar...... 58 Dactyloptena orientalis...... 38 Coryphopterus neophytus...... 101 Cryptocentrus fasciatus...... 100 Dactyloptena peterseni...... 38 Corystion volitans...... 38 Cryptocentrus filifer...... 102 Dactylopteridae...... 38 Corythoichthys fasciatus...... 36 Cryptotomus albimarginatus...... 90 Dactylopterus orientalis...... 38 Corythoichthys flavofasciatus...... 36 Cryptotomus spinidens...... 90 Daisy parrotfish...... 90 Corythoichthys haematopterus...... 36 Ctenochaetus striatus...... 108 Dalatiidae...... 10 Corythoichthys schultzi...... 37 Ctenochaetus strigosus...... 108 dalgleishi, Xenolepidichthys...... 36 cosmetus, Halichoeres...... 85 Ctenochaetus truncatus...... 108 Damania anjouanae...... 95 Cossyphus atrolumbus...... 83 Ctenogobius pavidus...... 99 Damselfishes...... 77 Cossyphus bilunulatus...... 83 Cubiceps capensis...... 113 Dark-banded fusilier...... 64 Cossyphus bodianus...... 83 Cubiceps whiteleggii...... 113 Darkfin hind...... 44 Cossyphus diana...... 83 cubicus, Ostracion...... 119 Dark-spotted scorpionfish...... 41 Cossyphus macrourus...... 83 Cuisinier...... 44 Dascyllus aruanus...... 80 Cossyphus maldat...... 83 cunnesius, Moolgarda...... 29 Dascyllus carneus...... 80 Cossyphus maxillosus...... 84 Curious wormfish...... 104 Dascyllus trimaculatus...... 80 Cossyphus opercularis...... 83 curiosus, Gunnellichthys...... 104 Dash-and-dot goatfish...... 68 Cossyphus rufus...... 83 curtus, Pentapus...... 66 Dasyatidae...... 12 Cossyphus spilotes...... 83 curvirostris, Nemichthys...... 21 Dasyatis thetidis...... 12 costae, Samaris...... 114 Cuskeels...... 27 Dasyatis violacea...... 12 Costa’s crested flounder...... 114 Cutlassfish...... 111 Dauphin...... 57 cotticeps, Bathygobius...... 99 Cutlassfishes...... 111 Dealfish...... 26 Cotylopus acutipinnis...... 100 Cutthroat eels...... 18 debelius, Centropyge...... 75 Cotylopus parvipinnis...... 100 cuvier, Galeocerdo...... 10 decadactylus, Beryx...... 32 Coulotte de singe...... 45 cuvieri, Anampses...... 82 Decapterus kurroides...... 57 Cow sharks...... 11 cuvieri, Coris...... 85 Decapterus macarellus...... 57 Crapaud...... 41 cyano-chloris, Chelio...... 84 Decapterus macrosoma...... 57 Creediidae...... 92 cyanoguttatus, Macropharyngodon.....87 Decapterus russelli...... 57 crenilabis, Crenimugil...... 29 cyanopterus, Cheilopogon...... 30 decemlineata, Diacope...... 61 Crenimugil crenilabis...... 29 cyanopterus, Solenostomus...... 38 decora, Nemateleotris...... 104 Creole damsel...... 81 cyanospilota, Canthigaster...... 121 Decorated goby...... 102 crepidater, Centroscymnus...... 10 cyanostigma, Blenniella...... 94 decoratus, Istigobius...... 102 Crescent-banded grunter...... 50 cyanostigma, Cephalopholis...... 44 Decoy scorpionfish...... 39 Crested flounders...... 114 cyanotaenia, Labrichthys...... 87 Deepbody boarfish...... 114 Crested oarfish...... 26 Cybium commersonii...... 112 Deepwater cardinalfishes...... 53 Crestfishes...... 26 Cyclichthys orbicularis...... 123 Deepwater scorpionfishes...... 38 Crimson jobfish...... 62 Cyclichthys spilostylus...... 123 Deepwater soldier...... 34 Crimsontip longfin...... 49 cyclopterus, Bathygobius...... 100 Delicate round herring...... 22 Cristacirrhitus punctatus...... 76 cyclostomus, Parupeneus...... 68 delicatulus, Spratelloides...... 22 146 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 delta, Ostichthys...... 34 Diodon liturosus...... 123 Duckbill sleeper...... 98 Demi-bec bagnard...... 31 Diodon maculatus...... 123 ductor, Naucrates...... 57 Demoiselle à trois taches...... 80 Diodon orbicularis...... 123 Dules caudavittatus...... 50 Demoiselle bleue...... 79 Diodontidae...... 123 Dules fuscus...... 50 Dendrochirus biocellatus...... 39 diodontus, Kaupichthys...... 14 Dules taeniurus...... 50 Dendrochirus brachypterus...... 39 dipeltis, Axinurus...... 109 dumerilii, Cantherhines...... 118 Dendrochirus zebra...... 39 diphreutes, Heniochus...... 74 Dunckerocampus multiannulatus...... 37 Denté nufar...... 65 diringeri, Aseraggodes...... 114 duodecimlineata, Diacope...... 61 dentex, Equula...... 59 diringeri, Pardachirus...... 114 Dusky angelfish...... 75 dentex, Gazza...... 58 Diringer’s sole...... 114 Dusky batfish...... 105 dentex, Pseudocaranx...... 57 dispilus, Pseudocheilinus...... 88 Dusky cherub...... 75 denticulatus, Epigonus...... 53 distigma, Eviota...... 100 Dusky frillgoby...... 100 Dérivant indien...... 113 Divided wrasse...... 87 Dusky gregory...... 82 dermatogenys, Synodus...... 24 djiddensis, Rhynchobatus...... 12 Dusky rockcod...... 44 dermochirus, Serranus...... 46 dobuloides, Agonostoma...... 29 Dusky sleeper...... 98 Desjardin’s sailfin tang...... 110 dodecacanthus, Choerops...... 84 Dusky spinefoot...... 105 Devil firefish...... 39 Dodekablennos fraseri...... 95 Dusky surgeonfish...... 107 Devil scorpionfish...... 40 Dogfish sharks...... 11 Dusky sweeper...... 70 Diable de mer...... 12 Dogtooth tuna...... 112 Dusky-capped parrotfish...... 92 diabolus, Mobula...... 12 doliatus, Branchiostegus...... 53 dussumieri, Acanthurus...... 106 diabolus, Scorpaenopsis...... 40 doliatus, Hologymnosus...... 86 dussumieri, Aspidontus...... 94 diacanthus, Centropyge...... 74 doliatus, Julis...... 86 dussumieri, Blennechis...... 94 diacanthus, Chaetodon...... 74 doliatus, Latilus...... 54 dussumieri, Blennioides...... 96 Diacope albo-guttata...... 61 dolosus, Chaetodon...... 71 dussumieri, Brama...... 59 Diacope analis...... 61 Dolphinfishes...... 54 dussumieri, Istiblennius...... 96 Diacope decemlineata...... 61 Domingue...... 76 dussumieri, Leiognathus...... 59 Diacope duodecimlineata...... 61 Domino...... 80 dussumieri, Sphyraena...... 110 Diacope marginata...... 61 Dorée...... 61 Dussumier’s ponyfish...... 59 Diacope octolineata...... 60 Dory snapper...... 61 Dussumier’s rockskipper...... 96 Diacope rivulata...... 61 Doryichthys brachysoma...... 36 dux, Pentapus...... 66 Diacope sebae...... 62 Doryichthys millepunctatus...... 37 Dwarf clingfish...... 97 diadema, Holocentrus...... 35 Doryichthys valenciennii...... 36 Dwarf lionfish...... 39 diadema, Sargocentron...... 35 Doryrhamphus bicarinatus...... 37 Dwarf scorpionfish...... 40 diadematus, Anampses...... 82 Doryrhamphus excisus...... 37 Dwarf spotted grouper...... 46 Diagonal goatfish...... 69 Doryrhamphus melanopleura...... 37 Dysomma anguillare...... 18 diagonalis, Parupeneus...... 69 Dot-dash grouper...... 47 Diagramma gaterina...... 64 Dot-dash rockcod...... 47 Eagle rays...... 12 Diagramma lineatus...... 64 Dottybacks...... 49 Eastern little tuna...... 112 Diagramma picta...... 64 Doubleband surgeonfish...... 107 Ebony gregory...... 81 Diagramme à lèvres rouges...... 65 Doublebar chromis...... 78 Echeneidae...... 54 Diagramme moucheté...... 64 Double-ended pipefish...... 37 Echeneis borboniensis...... 55 Diagramme noire...... 65 Doubleline toby...... 122 Echeneis brachypterus...... 54 Diagramme oriental...... 65 Doublespot tonguesole...... 115 Echeneis naucrates...... 54 Diagramme voilier...... 64 Double-spotted queenfish...... 58 Echeneis neucrates...... 54 diagrammus, Cheilinus...... 88 Doubletooth soldierfish...... 33 Echeneis remeligo...... 55 diana, Bodianus...... 83 Doule de roche...... 50 Echeneis remora...... 55 diana, Cossyphus...... 83 draco, Pegasus...... 36 Echidna nebulosa...... 14 Diana’s hogfish...... 83 draconis, Eurypegasus...... 36 Echidna polyzona...... 15 Diaphus knappi...... 25 Dracula shrimp goby...... 103 Echidna zebra...... 17 dickii, Plectroglyphidodon...... 80 dracula, Stonogobiops...... 103 echinocephalus, Paragobiodon...... 102 Dick’s damsel...... 80 Dragon moray...... 15 Ecsenius lineatus...... 95 digrammus, Oxycheilinus...... 88 Dragon wrasse...... 87 Ecsenius midas...... 95 Dilobomycterus hispidus...... 120 Dragonets...... 97 edentulus, Istiblennius...... 96 Dilobomycterus sordidus...... 120 Drepane punctata...... 71 edentulus, Leiognathus...... 59 dimidiata, Chromis...... 78 Drepanidae...... 71 Eel catfishes...... 23 dimidiatus, Labroides...... 87 Driftfishes...... 113 Eightbar grouper...... 46 Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides...... 27 Druide...... 49 Eightline wrasse...... 88 Diodon holocanthus...... 123 Drums and croakers...... 67 Eightstripe wrasse...... 88 Diodon hystrix...... 123 Duckbill eels...... 21 Elagatis bipinnulata...... 57 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 147

Electric rays...... 12 Epaulette soldierfish...... 33 eschmeyeri, Rhinopias...... 40 elegans, Enneapterygius...... 93 Epaulette surgeonfish...... 107 Eschmeyer’s scorpionfish...... 40 elegans, Gymnothorax...... 15 Ephippidae...... 105 Escolar...... 110 elegans, Naso...... 108 Epibule gourami...... 85 Escolier gracile...... 111 Elegant firefish...... 104 Epibulus insidiator...... 85 Espadon...... 112 Elegant moray...... 15 Epigonidae...... 53 Etelis carbunculus...... 60 Eleotridae...... 98 Epigonus denticulatus...... 53 Etelis coruscans...... 60 Éléotris à tête poreuse...... 98 Epinephelus argus...... 43 Etelis marshi...... 60 Éléotris cyprin...... 98 Epinephelus aurantius...... 43 Etelis oculatus...... 60 Eleotris cyprinoides...... 98 Epinephelus boenack...... 43 Etelis radiosus...... 60 Eleotris fusca...... 98 Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus...... 44 Eumegistus illustris...... 59 Eleotris lantzii...... 103 Epinephelus chlorostigma...... 44 Euprotomicrus bispinatus...... 10 Eleotris mauritiana...... 98 Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus...... 44 Euprotomicrus labordii...... 10 Eleotris niger...... 98 Epinephelus coioides...... 45 eurostus, Gymnothorax...... 15 Eleotris porocephala...... 98 Epinephelus compressus...... 46 Eurypegasus draconis...... 36 Ellochelon vaigiensis...... 29 Epinephelus fario...... 45 Euthynnus affinis...... 112 Elongate frostfish...... 111 Epinephelus fasciatus...... 46 Euthynnus alletteratus...... 112 Elongate surgeonfish...... 107 Epinephelus faveatus...... 45 Euthynnus yaito...... 112 elongatus, Acanthurus...... 107 Epinephelus flavocaeruleus...... 45 evanidus, Pseudocheilinus...... 88 elongatus, Benthodesmus...... 111 Epinephelus fuscoguttatus...... 45 evansi, Anthias...... 48 Elopidae...... 13 Epinephelus grammatophorus...... 46 evansi, Pseudanthias...... 48 Elops machnata...... 13 Epinephelus hexagonatus...... 45 evides, Ptereleotris...... 104 Elops saurus...... 13 Epinephelus lanceolatus...... 45 Eviota distigma...... 100 Émissole d’Arabie...... 8 Epinephelus leprosus...... 46 Eviota indica...... 100 Empereur à queue jaune...... 66 Epinephelus longispinis...... 45 Eviota nigripinna...... 101 Empereur bas cou...... 67 Epinephelus macrospilos...... 45 Eviota prasina...... 101 Empereur bec de cane...... 67 Epinephelus magniscuttis...... 45 Eviota sebreei...... 101 Empereur bossu...... 67 Epinephelus malabaricus...... 46 Eviota verna...... 101 Empereur honteux...... 67 Epinephelus melanostigma...... 46 evolans, Exocoetus...... 31 Empereur mahsena...... 66 Epinephelus merra...... 45, 46 Evoxymetopon poeyi...... 111 Empereur moris...... 67 Epinephelus morrhua...... 46 Exallias brevis...... 96 Empereur Saint-Pierre...... 66 Epinephelus multinotatus...... 46 excisus, Doryrhamphus...... 37 Empereur strié...... 66 Epinephelus nigripinnis...... 44 Exocet africain...... 30 Empereur tidents...... 66 Epinephelus oceanicus...... 46 Exocet aile jaune...... 30 Emperor angelfish...... 75 Epinephelus octofasciatus...... 46 Exocet cadène...... 30 Emperor snapper...... 62 Epinephelus poecilonotus...... 47 Exocet matelot...... 31 Emperors...... 66 Epinephelus polleni...... 44 Exocet pharaon...... 30 Encheliophis gracilis...... 26 Epinephelus pseudomorrhua...... 45 Exocet tacheté...... 30 Encheliophis homei...... 27 Epinephelus radiatus...... 47 Exocet voilier...... 31 Enchelycore bayeri...... 15 Epinephelus retouti...... 47 Exocet volant...... 31 Enchelycore pardalis...... 15 Epinephelus rivulatus...... 47 Exocoetidae...... 30 Enchelynassa canina...... 15 Epinephelus salmoides...... 46 Exocoetus brachysoma...... 31 Enchelyurus kraussii...... 95 Epinephelus septemfasciatus...... 46 Exocoetus commersonii...... 31 Engraulidae...... 21 Epinephelus spilotoceps...... 47 Exocoetus evolans...... 31 Engraulis boelama...... 21 Epinephelus stellans...... 45 Exocoetus monocirrhus...... 31 Engraulis polynemoides...... 21 Epinephelus tauvina...... 47 Exocoetus volitans...... 31 Enigmatic moray...... 15 Epinephelus tsirimenara...... 46 Exquisite toby...... 121 enigmaticus, Gymnothorax...... 15 Epinephelus tukula...... 47 Eyebar goby...... 101 enneacanthus, Chlorurus...... 90 Epinephelus unicolor...... 44 Eyestripe surgeonfish...... 106 enneacanthus, Scarus...... 90 Epinephelus urodelus...... 44 Enneapterygius elegans...... 93 Epinephelus urodeta...... 44 Fairy mullet...... 29 Enneapterygius gruschkai...... 93 equigalis, Coryphaena...... 54 fajardoi, Thamnaconus...... 119 Enneapterygius philippinus...... 93 equiselis, Coryphaena...... 54 falciformis, Carcharhinus...... 9 Enneapterygius tutuilae...... 93 Equula dentex...... 59 falciformis, Monodactylus...... 71 ensifera, Equula...... 59 Equula ensifera...... 59 falcipinnis, Scarus...... 91 Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos...... 95 equulus, Leiognathus...... 59 fallai, Allothunnus...... 111 Entomacrodus lemuria...... 96 erythraeus, Serranus...... 44 False morays...... 14 Entomacrodus striatus...... 96 erythrorhynchus, Hemirhamphus...... 31 False scorpionfish...... 40 epalzeocheilos, Entomacrodus...... 95 erythrorinchus, Hyporhamphus...... 31 False-eye damsel...... 77 148 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

False-eye sergeant...... 77 Flashlight fishes...... 32 frondosus, Peoropsis...... 40 far, Hemiramphus...... 31 Flat needlefish...... 31 fronticinctus, Cantherhines...... 118 fario, Epinephelus...... 45 Flathead mullet...... 30 fronticornis, Naseus...... 109 Farmerfish...... 82 Flathead sleeper...... 98 fuliginosus, Acanthurus...... 108 fasciata, Clupeonia...... 22 Flathead wriggler...... 105 Full moony...... 71 fasciatum, Tripterygium...... 93 Flatheads...... 42 fulviflamma, Lutjanus...... 61 fasciatus, Apogon...... 52 flavescens, Zebrasoma...... 110 fulvoguttatus, Carangoides...... 55 fasciatus, Cheilinus...... 84 flavimarginata, Muraena...... 15 fulvus, Lutjanus...... 61 fasciatus, Cirrhitops...... 76 flavimarginatus, Gymnothorax...... 16 furca, Aphareus...... 60 fasciatus, Cirrhitus...... 76 flavimarginatus, Pseudobalistes...... 116 furcatum, Pomadasys...... 65 fasciatus, Corythoichthys...... 36 flavissimus, Forcipiger...... 73 furcatus, Cheilopogon...... 30 fasciatus, Cryptocentrus...... 100 flavobrunneum, Lepidocybium...... 110 furcatus, Holanthias...... 48 fasciatus, Epinephelus...... 46 flavobrunneus, Callogobius...... 100 fusca, Eleotris...... 98 fasciatus, Hemigymnus...... 86 flavocaeruleus, Epinephelus...... 45 fuscescens, Teuthis...... 106 fasciatus, Hologymnosus...... 86 flavofasciatus, Corythoichthys...... 36 fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus...... 45 fasciatus, Ostorhinchus...... 52 flavolineatus, Mulloidichthys...... 68 fuscomaculata, Torpedo...... 12 fasciatus, Salarias...... 97 flavolineatus, Upeneus...... 68 fuscopinna, Helcogramma...... 93 fasciatus, Tetragonoptrus...... 72 Floating blenny...... 94 fuscus, Apogon...... 52 fasciolatus, Omobranchus...... 96 Floral fangblenny...... 97 fuscus, Apsilus...... 62 fasciolatus, Stegastes...... 81 Floral moray...... 14 fuscus, Bathygobius...... 100 Faux...... 8 Floral wrasse...... 84 fuscus, Dules...... 50 Faux poisson coffre...... 118 Flounders...... 114 fuscus, Gomphosus...... 85 favagineus, Gymnothorax...... 16 Flutemouths...... 38 fuscus, Labrus...... 89 faveatus, Epinephelus...... 45 Flying fishes...... 30 fuscus, Pimelepterus...... 70 ferdau, Carangoides...... 55 Flying gurnards...... 38 fuscus, Pseudobalistes...... 116 fernandinus, Squalus...... 11 Footballer demoiselle...... 79 Fusigobius maximus...... 101 ferruginea, Moringua...... 14 Forcipiger flavissimus...... 73 Fusigobius neophytus...... 101 ferrugineus, Nebrius...... 11 Forcipiger longirostris...... 73 Fusilier à ligne olive...... 64 fibulatum, Benthosema...... 25 formosa, Coris...... 85 Fusilier de Marr...... 63 Fierasfer homei...... 26 formosus, Julis...... 89 Fusilier élégant...... 63 Filament-finned stinger...... 39 formosus, Serranus...... 44 Fusiliers...... 63 filamentosus, Argyrops...... 65 forsteri, Paracirrhites...... 76 filamentosus, Gerres...... 64 Fourline hogfish...... 83 Gadella sp...... 26 filamentosus, Inimicus...... 39 Foursaddle grouper...... 47 gahm, Acanthurus...... 107 filamentosus, Pagrus...... 65 Foursaddle rockcod...... 47 gahmoides, Acanthurus...... 108 filamentosus, Pelor...... 39 Fowlerella bicolor...... 87 gaimard, Coris...... 85 filamentosus, Petroscirtes...... 94 fraenatum, Sufflamen...... 117 galatheae, Bassozetus...... 27 filamentosus, Pristipomoides...... 62 fraenatus, Apogon...... 53 Galeocerdo cuvier...... 10 filamentosus, Serranus...... 62 fraenatus, Pristiapogon...... 53 Gambusia holbrooki...... 32 Filamentous goby...... 102 fraenatus, Sufflamen...... 117 Garpikes...... 31 Filamentous mojarra...... 64 fraseri, Dodekablennos...... 95 Garrick...... 23 filifer, Cryptocentrus...... 102 Fraser’s blenny...... 95 gaterina, Diagramma...... 64 filifer, Gobius...... 102 Freckled angler...... 28 gaterinus, Plectorhinchus...... 64 filifer, Myersina...... 102 Freckled frogfish...... 28 Gazza dentex...... 58 Fimbriated moray...... 16 Freckled hawkfish...... 76 Gem surgeonfish...... 109 fimbriatus, Gymnothorax...... 16 Freckleface reef eel...... 18 gemmatum, Zebrasoma...... 109 Fingerprint razorfish...... 90 frenatus, Balistes...... 117 Gempylidae...... 110 Fire dartfish...... 104 frenatus, Salarias...... 96 Gempylus prometheus...... 110 Fire goby...... 104 frenatus, Scarus...... 91 Gempylus serpens...... 110 Fistularia commersonii...... 38 frenatus, Scolopsis...... 67 Genicanthus caudovittatus...... 75 Fistularia petimba...... 38 frerei, Coris...... 85 genivittatum, Thalassoma...... 89 Fistularia tabaccaria...... 38 Freshwater eels...... 13 Geometric moray...... 16 Fistulariidae...... 38 Frigate tuna...... 111 georgegilli, Hetereleotris...... 102 Five-lined cardinalfish...... 52 Fringelip flathead...... 42 Germo alalungà...... 112 flabellispinus, Coelorhynchus...... 26 Fringelip mullet...... 29 Gerreidae...... 64 Flagfin angelfish...... 74 Fringelip rockskipper...... 95 Gerres acinaces...... 64 Flagtails...... 50 Froghead eel...... 20 Gerres argyreus...... 64 Flame snapper...... 60 Froghead eels...... 20 Gerres filamentosus...... 64 Flametail snapper...... 61 frondosa, Rhinopias...... 40 Gerres longirostris...... 64 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 149

Gerres oeyena...... 64 Gnathanodon speciosus...... 57 gracilis, Saurida...... 24 Gerres oyena...... 64 Gnathodentex aureolineatus...... 66 grammatophorus, Epinephelus...... 46 ghobban, Callyodon...... 91 Gnathodentex aurolineatus...... 66 Grammicolepididae...... 36 ghobban, Scarus...... 91 Gnatholepis anjerensis...... 101 Grammistes ocellatus...... 48 Ghost pipefish...... 38 Gnatholepis cauerensis...... 101 Grammistes orientalis...... 47 Ghost pipefishes...... 38 Gnatholepis scapulostigma...... 101 Grammistes punctatus...... 48 Giant estuarine moray...... 17 Goatfishes...... 68 Grammistes sexlineatus...... 47 Giant frogfish...... 28 Goatsbeard brotula...... 27 Grand gueule...... 46 Giant grouper...... 45 Gobies...... 98 Grand requin blanc...... 8 Giant guitarfish...... 12 Gobiesocidae...... 97 Grand requin-marteau...... 10 Giant manta...... 12 Gobiidae...... 98 Grande anguille marbrée...... 14 Giant moray...... 16 Gobiodon citrinus...... 101 grandoculis, Gymnocranius...... 66 Giant mottled eel...... 14 Gobiodon rivulatus...... 102 grandoculis, Monotaxis...... 67 Giant trevally...... 56 Gobius albopunctatus...... 99 Greasy grouper...... 47 Giantscale mullet...... 29 Gobius caeruleus...... 103 Greasy rockcod...... 47 gibbifrons insolitus, Istiblennius...... 94 Gobius commersonii...... 99 Great barracuda...... 110 gibbifrons, Blenniella...... 94 Gobius filifer...... 102 Great hammerhead shark...... 10 gibbosa, Scorpaenopsis...... 40 Gobius giuris...... 101 Great white shark...... 8 gibbosus, Plectorhinchus...... 65 Gobius kokius...... 101 Green bubble goby...... 101 gibbosus, Scorpaenopsis...... 40 Gobius nigri...... 100 Green chromis...... 78, 79 gibbus, Cephalopholis...... 44 Gobius nigripinnis...... 99 Green jobfish...... 60 gibbus, Lutjanus...... 61 Gobius ocellaris...... 99 Green parrotfish...... 90 gibbus, Scarus...... 90 Gobius polyzona...... 103 Green swordtail...... 32 Gilded triggerfish...... 117 Goggle goby...... 102 Greenbelly parrotfish...... 91 Gill’s goby...... 102 Gold fish...... 23 Greeneyes...... 24 Ginglymostomatidae...... 11 Gold-banded jobfish...... 62 Grenadiers...... 26 Girdled goby...... 103 Goldbar wrasse...... 89 Grenouille de Commerson...... 28 Girelle à petits cailloux...... 86 Golden chromis...... 79 Grenouille écarlate...... 28 Girelle à raies d’or...... 85 Golden hind...... 43 Grey chromis...... 79 Girelle à six bandes...... 89 Golden kingfish...... 57 Grey chub...... 70 Girelle à tache caudale...... 85 Golden trevally...... 57 Grey cutthroat eel...... 18 Girelle arc-en-ciel...... 86 Golden-ribbon soapfish...... 43 Grey demoiselle...... 79 Girelle de Noël...... 89 Golden-spot hogfish...... 83 Grey reef shark...... 9 Girelle diamant...... 87 Goldflag jobfish...... 62 Griffin...... 46 Girelle en arc-en-ciel...... 86 Gold-lined seabream...... 65 grisea, Siderea...... 16 Girelle hublot...... 89 Goldring bridletooth...... 108 grisea, Thyrsoidea...... 16 Girelle nebuleuse...... 86 Goldsaddle hogfish...... 83 griseoides, Mesoprion...... 60 Girelle reine...... 85 Goldspot hogfish...... 83 Griset...... 11 giuris, Glossogobius...... 101 Gomphosus caeruleus...... 85 griseus, Gymnocranius...... 66 giuris, Gobius...... 101 Gomphosus fuscus...... 85 griseus, Gymnothorax...... 16 gladius, Xiphias...... 113 Gomphosus varius...... 85 griseus, Hexanchus...... 11 Glasseye...... 50 Gonorhynchus gronovii...... 22 Grondin mauricien...... 41 Glassies...... 42 Gonorynchidae...... 22 Grondin volant...... 38 glauca, Chrysiptera...... 79 Gonorynchus gonorynchus...... 22 gronovii, Gonorhynchus...... 22 glauca, Prionace...... 10 Gonostomatidae...... 23 gronovii, Rhynchotus...... 122 glaucus, Abudefduf...... 79 goramy, Osphronemus...... 114 Groupers...... 43 Globehead parrotfish...... 91 Goret à six bandes...... 65 Grunts...... 64 globiceps, Scarus...... 91 Gorgasia klausewitzi...... 20 gruschkai, Enneapterygius...... 93 glossodonta, Albula...... 13 Gorgeous goby...... 99 Gruschka’s triplefin...... 93 Glossogobius giuris...... 101 Gorgeous gussy...... 72 Grystes lunulatus...... 48 Glossogobius kokius...... 101 Gorgeous swallowtail...... 48 Guam scorpionfish...... 40 Glowfish...... 66 Gourami...... 114 guamensis, Scorpaenodes...... 40 glutinosus, Bassozetus...... 27 Gouramier...... 114 Gueule de vin...... 66 Glyphidodon rhyncholepis...... 77 Gouramis...... 114 Gueule pavée...... 65, 67 Glyphisodon celestinus...... 77 Graceful lizardfish...... 24 guezei, Apolemichthys...... 74 Glyphisodon limbatus...... 81 Graceful pearlfish...... 26 guezei, Chaetodon...... 74 Glyphisodon margariteus...... 77 Gracila albomarginata...... 47 guezei, Holacanthus...... 74 Glyphisodon sordidus...... 77 Gracile lizardfish...... 24 guezei, Myripristis...... 34 Glyphisodon sparoides...... 77 gracilis, Encheliophis...... 26 guezei, Parapercis...... 92 150 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 guezei, Prognathodes...... 74 haematopterus, Corythoichthys...... 36 Hemibalistes chrysoptera...... 117 guezei, Pterygotrigla...... 41 Haemulidae...... 64 Hemicoris caudimacula...... 85 Guézé’s butterflyfish...... 74 Half-banded snake eel...... 19 hemigymnus, Argyropelecus...... 24 guibei, Oxyurichthys...... 102 Half-barred goby...... 103 Hemigymnus fasciatus...... 86 Guibé’s goby...... 102 Halfbeaks...... 31 Hemigymnus melapterus...... 86 guichenoti, Cirrhites...... 75 Halfmoon butterflyfish...... 72 Hemiramphidae...... 31 guichenoti, Cirrhitichthys...... 75 Halfmoon grouper...... 47 Hemiramphus far...... 31 Guichenot’s hawkfish...... 75 Halfmoon rockcod...... 47 Hemirhamphus commersonii...... 31 Guilded pipefish...... 37 Halfmoon triggerfish...... 117 Hemirhamphus erythrorhynchus...... 31 Guineafowl puffer...... 121 Half-naked hatchetfish...... 24 Hemirhamphus far...... 31 Guitarfish...... 12 Halfstreak goby...... 99 Hemitaurichthys zoster...... 73 Gulper sharks...... 11 Halicampus mataafae...... 37 Hénioche cornu...... 74 Gunnellichthys curiosus...... 104 Halichoeres cosmetus...... 85 Heniochus acuminatus...... 74 Güntheria scapularis...... 86 Halichoeres hortulanus...... 85 Heniochus diphreutes...... 74 Guppy...... 32 Halichoeres iridis...... 86 Heniochus macrolepidotus...... 74 Gurnards...... 41 Halichoeres kawarin...... 86 Heniochus monoceros...... 74 guttatissimus, Chaetodon...... 72 Halichoeres lamarii...... 86 hepatus, Paracanthurus...... 109 guttatus, Acanthurus...... 106 Halichoeres lapillus...... 86 heptacanthus, Parupeneus...... 69 guttatus, Haliophis...... 49 Halichoeres marginatus...... 86 Heptranchias perlo...... 11 guttatus, Lampris...... 26 Halichoeres melanurus...... 86 Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus...... 22 guttulatus, Aseraggodes...... 115 Halichoeres nebulosus...... 86 Herklotsichthys spilurus...... 22 guttulatus, Hippocampus...... 37 Halichoeres scapularis...... 86 Herrings...... 21 gutturosus, Balistes...... 117 Halichoeres virescens...... 86 Hetereleotris apora...... 102 Gymnocaesio gymnoptera...... 63 Halieutaea coccinea...... 29 Hetereleotris georgegilli...... 102 gymnocephalus, Ambassis...... 42 Halieutopsis bathyoreos...... 29 Hetereleotris kenyae...... 102 Gymnocranius grandoculis...... 66 Haliophis guttatus...... 49 Hetereleotris margaretae...... 102 Gymnocranius griseus...... 66 Hammerhead sharks...... 10 Hetereleotris zanzibarensis...... 102 Gymnocranius microdon...... 66 hamrur, Priacanthus...... 50 Heteroconger hassi...... 21 Gymnocranius rivulatus...... 66 harak, Lethrinus...... 66 Heteropriacanthus cruentatus...... 50 Gymnomuraena zebra...... 15 Hard-nosed smooth-hound...... 8 heteroptera, Ptereleotris...... 104 gymnoptera, Gymnocaesio...... 63 hardwicke, Thalassoma...... 89 hexacanthus, Naso...... 108 Gymnosarda nuda...... 112 Hardyhead silverside...... 30 hexagona, Myripristis...... 33 Gymnosarda unicolor...... 112 Hareng...... 50 hexagonatus, Epinephelus...... 45 gymnostethoides, Caranx...... 55 Hareng rond...... 22 hexagonatus, Serranus...... 45 gymnostethus, Carangoides...... 55 Harengula vittata...... 22 hexagonus, Myripristis...... 33 gymnota, Scolecenchelys...... 19 harid, Hipposcarus...... 91 Hexanchidae...... 11 Gymnothorax buroensis...... 15 Harlequin filefish...... 118 Hexanchus griseus...... 11 Gymnothorax chilospilus...... 15 Harlequin hind...... 44 Hexanchus nakamurai...... 11 Gymnothorax elegans...... 15 Harlequin rockcod...... 44 Hexanchus vitulus...... 11 Gymnothorax enigmaticus...... 15 Harlequin sandperch...... 92 hexataenia, Pseudocheilinus...... 88 Gymnothorax eurostus...... 15 Harlequin sandsmelt...... 92 hexophtalma, Parapercis...... 92 Gymnothorax favagineus...... 16 Harlequin snake eel...... 19 hians, Ablennes...... 31 Gymnothorax fimbriatus...... 16 Harpurus rhombeus...... 109 High hat triplefin...... 93 Gymnothorax flavimarginatus...... 16 Harpurus Rüppelli...... 110 Highfin fangblenny...... 97 Gymnothorax griseus...... 16 Harry hotlips...... 65 Hippocampe épineux...... 37 Gymnothorax javanicus...... 16 hassi, Heteroconger...... 21 Hippocampus borboniensis...... 37 Gymnothorax johnsoni...... 16 Hass’s garden eel...... 21 Hippocampus guttulatus...... 37 Gymnothorax margaritophorus...... 16 Hatchetfishes...... 23 Hippocampus histrix...... 37 Gymnothorax meleagris...... 16 Hawkfishes...... 75 Hippocampus hystrix...... 37 Gymnothorax nudivomer...... 17 heberi, Caranx...... 56 Hippocampus jayakari...... 37 Gymnothorax pictus...... 17 hebraica, Julis...... 89 Hippocampus whitei...... 37 Gymnothorax pikei...... 17 hebraicum, Thalassoma...... 89 hippos, Carangus...... 57 Gymnothorax punctato-fasciatus...... 17 hedlandensis, Carangoides...... 56 Hipposcarus harid...... 91 Gymnothorax rueppellii...... 17 heemstrai, Mascarenichthys...... 27 hippurus, Coryphaena...... 54 Gymnothorax undulatus...... 17 Helcogramma fuscopinna...... 93 hirsutus, Bodianus...... 83 Gymnothorax zonipectis...... 17 Helcogramma obtusirostris...... 93 Hispid frogfish...... 28 gymnotus, Muraenichthys...... 19 Heliastes cinerascens...... 79 hispidus, Antennarius...... 28 hellerii, Xiphophorus...... 32 hispidus, Arothron...... 120 Hache d’argent à épines...... 23 helsdingenii, Valenciennea...... 103 hispidus, Chironectes...... 28 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 151 hispidus, Dilobomycterus...... 120 Idiolychnus urolampus...... 25 investigatoris, Satyrichthys...... 42 Histiopterus typus...... 75 ignobilis, Caranx...... 56 Iracundus signifer...... 39 histrio, Antennarius...... 29 illustris, Eumegistus...... 59 Irex indicus...... 57 Histrio histrio...... 28 iluocoeteoides, Dinematichthys...... 27 Iridescent cardinalfish...... 53 histrix, Hippocampus...... 37 Immaculate puffer...... 120 iridis, Halichoeres...... 86 Holacanthus guezei...... 74 Immaculate soldier...... 34 Island trevally...... 56 Holacanthus trimaculatus...... 74 immaculatus, Arothron...... 120 Istiblennius bellus...... 96 Holanthias furcatus...... 48 immaculatus, Tetrodon...... 120 Istiblennius dussumieri...... 96 Holanthias natalensis...... 48 imparipennis, Abudefduf...... 80 Istiblennius edentulus...... 96 Holbrook’s mosquitofish...... 32 imparipennis, Plectroglyphidodon...... 80 Istiblennius gibbifrons insolitus...... 94 holbrooki, Gambusia...... 32 imperator, Pomacanthus...... 75 Istiblennius spilotus...... 96 Holcomycteronus aequatoris...... 27 Imspringer...... 96 Istigobius decoratus...... 102 holocanthus, Diodon...... 123 inaequalis, Sargocentron...... 35 Istiompax indicus...... 113 Holocentridae...... 33 Indian butterflyfish...... 73 Istiophoridae...... 113 Holocentrum leo...... 35 Indian driftfish...... 113 Istiophorus platypterus...... 113 Holocentrum sammara...... 34 Indian goatfish...... 69 Isurus oxyrinchus...... 8 Holocentrum spiniferum...... 35 Indian hatchetfish...... 24 ittodai, Sargocentron...... 35 Holocentrus anjouanae...... 34 Indian mackerel...... 112 Holocentrus caudimaculatus...... 34 Indian mirrorfish...... 55 Jacks...... 55 Holocentrus diadema...... 35 Indian Ocean bird wrasse...... 85 jacksonensis, Trachipterus...... 26 Holocentrus lacteoguttatus...... 35 Indian Ocean black-spotted wrasse...... 87 janthinoptera, Canthigaster...... 122 Holocentrus nigricans...... 82 Indian Ocean blacktip grouper...... 46 janthinosoma, Pervagor...... 119 Holocentrus oceanicus...... 46 Indian Ocean bluestripe pipefish...... 37 japanensis, Chlorurus...... 90 Hologymnosus annulatus...... 86 Indian Ocean cardinalfish...... 51 japanensis, Scarus...... 90 Hologymnosus doliatus...... 86 Indian Ocean dark damsel...... 81 Japanese splitfin...... 42 Hologymnosus fasciatus...... 86 Indian Ocean dusky wrasse...... 86 japonica, Monocentris...... 32 Hologymnosus oxyrhynchus...... 86 Indian Ocean flame goatfish...... 68 japonicus, Cookeolus...... 50 Hologymnosus semidiscus...... 86 Indian Ocean orangespine unicornfish.108 japonicus, Myripristis...... 34 homei, Carapus...... 26 Indian Ocean pygmy goby...... 100 japonicus, Priacanthus...... 50 homei, Encheliophis...... 26 Indian Ocean short-bodied pipefish...... 36 japonicus, Synagrops...... 42 homei, Fierasfer...... 26 Indian Ocean triggerfish...... 116 Jarbua...... 50 Honeycomb filefish...... 118 Indian Ocean yellowfin goatfish...... 68 jarbua, Terapon...... 50 Honeycomb grouper...... 46 Indian threadfin...... 67 Jaune de côte...... 60 Honeycomb moray...... 16 Indian threadfish...... 55 Jaune de creux...... 63 Honeycomb podge...... 49 Indian yellowtail angelfish...... 74 Jaune de fond...... 61 Honeycomb toby...... 122 Indianfish...... 87 Jaune de large...... 63 Horned rockskipper...... 94 indica, Alectis...... 55 Java spaghetti eel...... 14 horrida, Synanceia...... 41 indica, Eviota...... 100 javanica, Moringua...... 14 horridus, Ostracion...... 119 indicum, Leptomelanosoma...... 67 javanicus, Gymnothorax...... 16 Horseshoe hawkfish...... 76 indicus, Apogon...... 51 jayakari, Hippocampus...... 37 hortulanus, Halichoeres...... 85 indicus, Irex...... 57 Jewelled rockskipper...... 97 hortulanus, Julis...... 85 indicus, Istiompax...... 113 Jewelled wrasse...... 86 Hotlips triplefin...... 93 indicus, Melichthys...... 116 johnsoni, Gymnothorax...... 16 Hound needlefish...... 32 indicus, Naucrates...... 57 Johnston damsel...... 80 Hourglass triplefin...... 93 indicus, Parupeneus...... 69 johnstonianus, Plectroglyphidodon...... 80 Humbug dascyllus...... 80 indicus, Polyipnus...... 24 Julis aeruginosus...... 89 Humpback scorpionfish...... 40 indicus, Seriolichthys...... 55 Julis annulatus...... 86 Humpback snapper...... 61 Indo-Pacific boarfish...... 114 Julis axillaris...... 89 Humpback unicorn...... 108 Indo-Pacific bonefish...... 13 Julis balteatus...... 89 Humphead wrasse...... 84 Indo-Pacific sergeant...... 77 Julis commersonii...... 89 Humpnose unicornfish...... 109 inermis, Cheilio...... 84 Julis coris...... 84 Hynnis insanus...... 55 inframacula, Canthigaster...... 121 Julis doliatus...... 86 Hynnis momsa...... 55 Iniistius pavo...... 87 Julis formosus...... 89 hyoproroides, Kaupichthys...... 14 Inimicus filamentosus...... 39 Julis hebraica...... 89 Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus...... 31 insanus, Hynnis...... 55 Julis hortulanus...... 85 Hypseleotris cyprinoides...... 98 insidiator, Epibulus...... 85 Julis leschenaulti...... 86 hystrix, Diodon...... 123 interruptus, Centropyge...... 75 Julis souleyeti...... 89 hystrix, Hippocampus...... 37 interruptus, Chaetodon...... 72 Julis trilobatus...... 89 Investigator armoured gurnard...... 42 Julis umbrostigma...... 89 152 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Julis vittatus...... 87 La prude rouge...... 44 Lanternfishes...... 25 Jumping bean...... 74 labiata, Anguilla...... 13 lantzii, Eleotris...... 103 jussieu, Clupanodon...... 22 labordii, Euprotomicrus...... 10 Lapia...... 77 jussieu, Sardinella...... 22 Labre à deux taches...... 83 lapillus, Halichoeres...... 86 jussieui, Clupanodon...... 22 Labre à queue de comète...... 88 laqueus, Siganus...... 105 jussieui, Clupeonia...... 22 Labre annelé...... 86 Large-headed snake moray...... 18 Labre bleu...... 82 Larger fusegoby...... 101 Kai soldierfish...... 34 Labre brassard...... 83 Large-scaled lanternfish...... 25 kaianus, Ostichthys...... 34 Labre constellé...... 82 Largetooth sawfish...... 12 Kajikia audax...... 113 Labre de la perdition...... 83 Large-toothed cardinalfish...... 51 kallopterus, Apogon...... 53 Labre diane...... 83 lateristriga, Upeneus...... 69 kallopterus, Pristiapogon...... 53 Labre pointillé...... 83 laticaudata, Muraenichthys...... 20 kalolo, Periophthalmus...... 103 Labrichthys cyanotaenia...... 87 laticaudata, Scolecenchelys...... 20 kanagurta, Rastrelliger...... 112 Labrichthys unilineatus...... 87 laticaudatus, Muraenichthys...... 20 kasmira, Lutjanus...... 61 Labridae...... 82 laticeps, Sicydium...... 103 Katsuwonus pelamis...... 112 Labroides bicolor...... 87 latifasciata, Amblyeleotris...... 98 Kaupichthys diodontus...... 14 Labroides dimidiatus...... 87 Latilus doliatus...... 54 Kaupichthys hyoproroides...... 14 Labropsis xanthonota...... 87 latovittatus, Malacanthus...... 54 kawarin, Halichoeres...... 86 Labrus centiquadrus...... 85 Lattice puffer...... 123 Kaya...... 67 Labrus fuscus...... 87, 89 Lattice squirrelfish...... 35 Keeltail needlefish...... 31 Laced moray...... 16 Latticetail moray...... 15 kelloggi, Scorpaenodes...... 40 lacepede, Lophotus...... 26 laysanus, Lycodontis...... 15 Kellogg’s scorpionfish...... 40 Lachaux...... 84 Le petite jaune...... 61 Kenya goby...... 102 lachneri, Cynoglossus...... 115 Le plat...... 45 kenyae, Anisochromis...... 49 Lachner’s tonguesole...... 115 Leaf scorpionfish...... 41 kenyae, Hetereleotris...... 102 lacrymatus, Abudefduf...... 82 Leatherback...... 58 King mackerel...... 112 lacrymatus, Plectroglyphidodon...... 80 Leatherjackets...... 118 King soldierbream...... 65 lacteoguttatus, Holocentrus...... 35 Lefteyed flounders...... 114 Kingfish...... 26 Lactoria cornuta...... 119 Leiobatis pastinaca...... 12 kirkii, Alticus...... 94 lacunosus, Atherinomorus...... 30 Leiognathidae...... 58 klausewitzi, Gorgasia...... 20 Ladder glider...... 104 Leiognathus dussumieri...... 59 Klausewitz’s garden eel...... 20 Ladder wrasse...... 89 Leiognathus edentulus...... 59 klazingai, Apterichtus...... 18 Ladyfish...... 13 Leiognathus equulus...... 59 kleini, Tetragonoptrus...... 72 Ladyfishes...... 13 Leiognathus longispinis...... 59 kleinii, Chaetodon...... 72 Laemonema macronema...... 26 leiura, Strongylura...... 31 Klein’s butterflyfish...... 72 laevis, Aleuteres...... 118 Leiuranus semicinctus...... 19 Klipfishes...... 93 laevis, Plectropomus...... 48 Lemon coral goby ...... 101 Klunzinger’s triplefin...... 93 laevis, Ranzania...... 124 Lemur blenny...... 96 knappi, Diaphus...... 25 lagocephalum, Sicydium...... 103 lemuria, Entomacrodus...... 96 Knapp’s lanternfish...... 25 Lagocephalus lagocephalus...... 122 leo, Holocentrum...... 35 Knife razorfish...... 85 Lagocephalus sceleratus...... 122 Leopard blenny...... 96 Knife wrasse...... 85 lagocephalus, Promecocephalus...... 122 Leopard flounder...... 114 kokius, Glossogobius...... 101 lagocephalus, Sicyopterus...... 103 Leopard hind...... 43 kokius, Gobius...... 101 lalandi, Seriola...... 58 Leopard moray...... 15, 17 Krauss’ blenny...... 95 Lalo damier...... 85 Leopard rockcod...... 43 kraussii, Enchelyurus...... 95 lamarii, Halichoeres...... 86 Leopard rockskipper...... 96 Kuhlia caudavittata...... 50 Lamnidae...... 8 leopardus, Cephalopholis...... 43, 44 Kuhlia mugil...... 50 L’Amoureuse grosse...... 58 Lepadichthys minor...... 97 Kuhlia rupestris...... 50 L’Amoureuse petite...... 58 Lepidaplois bourboni...... 83 Kuhliidae...... 50 Lampanyctus nobilis...... 25 Lepidaplois perditio...... 83 Kumococius rodericensis...... 42 Lampanyctus pusillus...... 25 Lepidocybium flavobrunneum...... 110 kuntee, Myripristis...... 33 Lampridae...... 26 leprosus, Epinephelus...... 46 kurroides, Decapterus...... 57 Lampris...... 26 Leptomelanosoma indicum...... 67 Kyphosidae...... 70 Lampris guttatus...... 26 leptopeltis, Axinurus...... 109 Kyphosus bigibbus...... 70 Lance blenny...... 94 Leptoscarus vaigiensis...... 91 Kyphosus cinerascens...... 71 lanceolatus, Epinephelus...... 45 lepturus, Trichiurus...... 111 Kyphosus vaigiensis...... 71 lanceolatus, Masturus...... 124 leschenaulti, Julis...... 86 Lancette de creux...... 34 Lesser bream...... 59 La prude...... 43 Lantanier noir...... 60 Lethrinidae...... 66 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 153

Lethrinus borbonicus...... 66 Lizardfishes...... 24 lunula, Chaetodon...... 72 Lethrinus conchyliatus...... 66 Lobotes surinamensis...... 64 lunulatum, Liopropoma...... 48 Lethrinus crocineus...... 66 Lobotidae...... 64 lunulatus, Cheilinus...... 84 Lethrinus harak...... 66 Loche...... 99, 101 lunulatus, Grystes...... 48 Lethrinus mahsena...... 66 Loche à taches blanches...... 44 luridus, Amphacanthus...... 105 Lethrinus mahsenoides...... 66 Loche pintade...... 44 luridus, Siganus...... 105 Lethrinus microdon...... 66 Longarm mullet...... 29 luteobrunneus, Pomacentrus...... 82 Lethrinus nebulosus...... 67 Longbarbel goatfish...... 69 luteobrunneus, Stegastes...... 81 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus...... 67 Longface wrasse...... 86 Lutianus fulviflamma...... 61 Lethrinus variegatus...... 67 Longfin bannerfish...... 74 Lutjanidae...... 60 Lethrinus xanthochilus...... 67 Longfin batfish...... 105 Lutjanus argentimaculatus...... 60 leucas, Carcharhinus...... 9 Longfin kingfish...... 55 Lutjanus bengalensis...... 60 leucogrammicus, Anyperodon...... 43 Longfin snake eel...... 19 Lutjanus bohar...... 61 leucopoma, Chrysiptera...... 79 Longfin spadefish...... 105 Lutjanus fulviflamma...... 61 leucosternon, Acanthurus...... 106 Longfin tilapia...... 76 Lutjanus fulvus...... 61 leucosticticus, Bodianus...... 83 Longfin trevally...... 55 Lutjanus gibbus...... 61 leucozonus, Plectroglyphidodon...... 81 Longfin yellowtail...... 58 Lutjanus kasmira...... 61 leucura, Chromis...... 78 Longfinned bullseye...... 50 Lutjanus monostigma...... 61 Lèvre de bœuf...... 61 Longfins...... 49 Lutjanus notatus...... 61 lewini, Sphyrna...... 10 Long-headed snake moray...... 18 Lutjanus octovittatus...... 60 Licorne...... 109 Longhorn cowfish...... 119 Lutjanus quinquelineatus...... 61 Lieutenant surgeonfish...... 107 longimanus, Carcharhinus...... 9 Lutjanus rivulatus...... 61 Lightfishes...... 24 longimanus, Setarches...... 38 Lutjanus russellii...... 62 lima, Xanthichthys...... 118 longirostris, Forcipiger...... 73 Lutjanus sebae...... 62 limbatus, Carcharhinus...... 9 longirostris, Gerres...... 64 Lutjanus vaigiensis...... 61 limbatus, Glyphisodon...... 81 longirostris, Oxymonacanthus...... 118 Lycodontis laysanus...... 15 limbatus, Stegastes...... 81 longispina, Scorpaenopsis...... 40 Lycodontis meleagris...... 16 Lime...... 58 longispinis, Epinephelus...... 45 Lycodontis nudivomer...... 17 Limespot butterflyfish...... 72 longispinis, Leiognathus...... 59 Lycodontis petelli...... 17 Limnichthys nitidus...... 92 Long-jawed squirrelfish...... 35 Lycodontis punctatus...... 16 Linear blenny...... 95 Longnose hawkfish...... 76 Lycodontis undulatus...... 17 lineata, Perca...... 51 Longnose kingfish...... 55 Lyretail grouper...... 49 lineathorax, Mimoblennius...... 96 Longnose trevally...... 55 Lyretail hogfish...... 83 lineatus, Acanthurus...... 106 Longnose velvet dogfish...... 10 lysan, Chorinemus...... 58 lineatus, Anampses...... 82 Long-nosed butterflyfish...... 73 lysan, Scomberoides...... 58 lineatus, Cheilodipterus...... 51 Longsnout flathead...... 42 lineatus, Diagramma...... 64 Longsnout soldier...... 34 macarellus, Decapterus...... 57 lineatus, Ecsenius...... 95 Longspine grouper...... 45 Maccabit...... 45, 46 lineatus, Plotosus...... 23 Longtail silver-biddy...... 64 Maccabit blanc...... 46 Lined butterflyfish...... 72 Longue girelle...... 84 Maccabit gris...... 45 Lined cardinalfish...... 51 Lophiidae...... 28 machnata, Elops...... 13 Lined hogfish...... 83 Lophiodes mutilus...... 28 Machouaran...... 23 Lined surgeonfish...... 106 Lophotes...... 26 Mackerel scad...... 57 Lined tamarin...... 82 Lophotidae...... 26 Mackerel sharks...... 8 Lined-throat blenny...... 96 Lophotus lacepede...... 26 Mackerels...... 111 Lined triggerfish...... 118 Loup de mer...... 8 Macolor niger...... 62 lineolatus, Acanthurus...... 107 Loupe côte...... 84 Macquereau des Indes...... 112 lineolatus, Chaetodon...... 72 louti, Variola...... 49 macrocephalus, Uropterygius...... 18 lineo-punctatus, Balistes...... 118 Lovely hatchetfish...... 23 macrochir, Oreochromis...... 76 lineopunctatus, Xanthichthys...... 118 Lowfin rudderfish...... 71 macrodon, Centropomus...... 51 Liopropoma lunulatum...... 48 Loxodon macrorhinus...... 10 macrodon, Cheilodipterus...... 51 Liopropoma susumi...... 48 lubina, Chanos...... 22 macrolepidotus, Heniochus...... 74 Lip-spot moray...... 15 Lubine...... 13, 57 macrolepidotus, Neoscopelus...... 25 Little priest...... 21 lugubris, Caranx...... 56 macronema, Laemonema...... 26 Little tailband cardinalfish...... 51 lunaris, Caesio...... 63 macronemus, Parupeneus...... 69 lituratus, Naso...... 108 lunatus, Rhombus...... 114 Macropharyngodon bipartitus...... 87 liturosus, Diodon...... 123 Lune...... 124 Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus...... 87 Live sharksucker...... 54 Lune pleine...... 71 macropterus, Neothunnus...... 112 lividus, Stegastes...... 82 Luneur...... 54 macropterus, Triodon...... 120 154 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2 macropus, Priacanthus...... 50 Marbled reef-eel...... 14 Matajuel bleu...... 54 macrorhinus, Loxodon...... 10 Marbled snake eel...... 19 Matajuel nez court...... 54 macrosoma, Decapterus...... 57 margaretae, Hetereleotris...... 102 mate, Atule...... 55 macrospilos, Epinephelus...... 45 margaritatus, Canthigaster...... 121 mate, Caranx...... 55 Macrouridae...... 26 margariteus, Abudefduf...... 77 matoides, Acanthurus...... 108 macrourus, Bodianus...... 83 margariteus, Glyphisodon...... 77 mauli, Pollichthys...... 24 macrourus, Cossyphus...... 83 margaritophorus, Gymnothorax...... 16 Mauritian anemonefish...... 78 macrura, Thyrsoidea...... 18 marginalis, Serranus...... 46 Mauritian damsel...... 81 maculata, Canthidermis...... 116 marginata, Diacope...... 61 Mauritian gregory...... 82 maculata, Mene...... 54 marginatus, Halichoeres...... 86 Mauritian sardinella...... 22 maculata, Parapercis...... 92 Marguerite du large...... 105 mauritiana, Anguilla...... 14 maculatus, Balistes...... 116 Marie-Therèse...... 61 mauritiana, Clupea...... 22 maculatus, Caracanthus...... 38 Marignan à bandes jaunes...... 34 mauritiana, Eleotris...... 98 maculatus, Chaetodon...... 72 Marignan à deux dents...... 33 mauritiana, Sebastapistes...... 41 maculatus, Cirrhites...... 76 Marignan à œillères...... 33 mauritianum, Ariosoma...... 20 maculatus, Diodon...... 123 Marignan aile noire...... 34 mauritianus, Aylopon...... 48 maculatus, Pisodonophis...... 19 Marignan ardoisé...... 33 mauritianus, Caranx...... 58 maculatus, Xiphophorus...... 32 Marignan cuirassé...... 34 mauritianus, Chorinemus...... 58 maculosus, Myrichthys...... 19 Marignan ombré...... 33 Mauritius gurnard...... 41 madagascariensis, Caracanthus...... 38 Marignan poklé...... 33 Mauritius halfbeak...... 31 madagascariensis, Pomacentrus...... 81 Marignan pomme de pin...... 33 Mauritius hogfish...... 83 madagaskariensis, Chaetodon...... 72 Marignan rouge et argent...... 34 Mauritius scorpionfish...... 41 Mafou...... 51 Marignan sabre...... 35 Mauritius sweeper...... 70 magnifica, Nemateleotris...... 104 Marignan tacheté...... 34 maxillosus, Cossyphus...... 84 magnificus, Nemateleotris...... 104 marleyi, Thyrsitoides...... 111 maximus, Fusigobius...... 101 magniscuttis, Epinephelus...... 45 Marlin bleu...... 113 mazara, Makaira...... 113 Mahsena emperor...... 66 Marlin rayé...... 113 mcadamsi, Parascorpaena...... 39 mahsena, Lethrinus...... 66 Marlin rostre court...... 113 Meadia abyssalis...... 18 mahsenoides, Lethrinus...... 66 marmorata, Anguilla...... 14 Megalopidae...... 13 maillardi, Cyprinus...... 23 marmorata, Callechelys...... 19 Megalops cyprinoides...... 13 Makaira audax...... 113 marmorata, Torpedo...... 12 megalops, Squalus...... 11 Makaira mazara...... 113 marmoratus, Achirus...... 115 Meganthias natalensis...... 48 Makaira nigricans...... 113 marmoratus, Antennarius...... 29 megastoma, Scorpaena...... 41 Makaire bleu...... 113 marmoratus, Cirrhites...... 75 melampygus, Caranx...... 56 Makaire noir...... 113 marmoratus, Uropterygius...... 18 melannotus, Chaetodon...... 72 Malabar grouper...... 46 marri, Ptercaesio...... 63 melanocephalus, Pervagor...... 119 malabaricus, Caranx...... 55 Marr’s fusilier...... 63 melanochir, Thalassoma...... 89 malabaricus, Epinephelus...... 46 Marshi, Etelis...... 60 melanopleura, Doryrhamphus...... 37 Malacanthidae...... 53 mascareinsis, Upeneus...... 69 melanopterus, Carcharhinus...... 9 Malacanthus brevirostris...... 54 Mascarene flagtail...... 50 melanospilos, Sargocentron...... 35 Malacanthus latovittatus...... 54 Mascarene goatfish...... 69 melanospilos, Taeniura...... 12 Malacanthus taeniatus...... 54 Mascarene goby...... 100 melanostigma, Belone...... 31 Maldaque robuste...... 84 Mascarene klipfish...... 93 melanostigma, Epinephelus...... 46 maldat, Cossyphus...... 83 Mascarene leaping blenny...... 94 melanotus, Chaetodon...... 72 Mamile de Seychelles...... 67 Mascarene sixstripe wrasse...... 88 melanura, Clupea...... 22 mancus, Bothus...... 114 Mascarene tubesole...... 115 melanura, Sardinella...... 22 Mangrove red snapper...... 60 mascarenensis, Anisochromis...... 49 melanurus, Anampses...... 82 mangula, Pempheris...... 70 Mascarenichthys heemstrai...... 27 melanurus, Halichoeres...... 86 Manta...... 12 mascarenum, Thalassoma...... 89 melapterus, Hemigymnus...... 86 Manta birostris...... 12 Mask picassofish...... 117 melas, Abudefduf...... 81 Mantas...... 12 Masked bannerfish...... 74 melas, Neoglyphidodon...... 80 Mante...... 12 Masked coachman...... 74 melas, Plesiops...... 49 Many-banded pipefish...... 37 Masked triggerfish...... 117 meleagrides, Anampses...... 82 Many-eyed snake eel...... 19 Mastaccembelus choram...... 32 meleagris, Arothron...... 121 Manyspine cardinalfish...... 52 Mastaccembelus platurus...... 31 meleagris, Gymnothorax...... 16 Map puffer...... 120 Masturus lanceolatus...... 124 meleagris, Lycodontis...... 16 mappa, Arothron...... 120 mata, Acanthurus...... 107 meleagris, Ostracion...... 120 Maquereau...... 63 mataa, Acanthurus...... 107 meleagris, Salarias...... 94 Marbled parrotfish...... 91 mataafae, Halicampus...... 37 Melichthys indicus...... 116 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 155

Melichthys niger...... 116 Mimic blenny...... 94 mossambicus, Oreochromis...... 77 Melichthys vidua...... 116 Mimoblennius lineathorax...... 96 Moustache conger...... 20 melinopterus, Chelon...... 29 miniata, Cephalopholis...... 43 Mozambique tilapia...... 77 Melon butterflyfish...... 73 Minor clingfish...... 97 Muge...... 29 Mene maculata...... 54 Minor scorpionfish...... 40 Mugil axillaris...... 30 Menidae...... 54 minor, Lepadichthys...... 97 Mugil borbonicus...... 30 Mérou à grandes écailles...... 45 minor, Naso...... 109 Mugil cephalotes...... 30 Mérou à huit raies...... 46 minor, Scorpaenodes...... 40 Mugil cephalus...... 30 Mérou à longues épines...... 45 Minute triplefin...... 93 Mugil coeruleomaculatus...... 30 Mérou à quatre selles...... 47 minutus, Tripterygion...... 93 mugil, Kuhlia...... 50 Mérou à taches oranges...... 45 mitratus, Chaetodon...... 73 Mugilidae...... 29 Mérou bord rouge...... 47 mitratus, Petroscirtes...... 97 Mulet...... 29 Mérou céleste...... 43 Mobula diabolus...... 12 Mulet à tache bleue...... 30 Mérou comète...... 46 Mobula tarapacana...... 12 Mulet boxeur...... 29 Mérou demi-lune...... 47 Modest filefish...... 119 Mulet cabot...... 30 Mérou dossard...... 46 modestoides, Thamnaconus...... 119 Mulet enchanteur...... 29 Mérou élegant...... 43 modestus, Paragobiodon...... 103 Mulet longue aile...... 29 Mérou faraud...... 45 mokarran, Sphyrna...... 10 Mulet mopiro...... 29 Mérou gateau de cire...... 46 Mola mola...... 124 Mulet otomebora...... 29 Mérou lancéolé...... 45 mola, Orthagoriscus...... 124 Mulet robuste...... 30 Mérou loutre...... 47 Molidae...... 124 Mullets...... 29 Mérou marbré...... 45 mollucanus, Pseudodax...... 88 Mullidae...... 68 Mérou malabare...... 46 moluccanus, Odax...... 88 Mulloides pfluegeri...... 68 Mérou mélifère...... 45 moluccanus, Pseudodax...... 88 Mulloides vanicolensis...... 68 Mérou morse...... 47 moluccensis, Centrophorus...... 11 Mulloidichthys auriflamma...... 68 Mérou oriflamine...... 46 momsa, Hynnis...... 55 Mulloidichthys flavolineatus...... 68 Mérou patate...... 47 Monacanthidae...... 118 Mulloidichthys pfluegeri...... 68 Mérou plate grise...... 46 Mono...... 71 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis...... 68 Mérou rouge...... 47 Monocentridae...... 32 Mullus bifasciatus...... 69 Mérou selle...... 48 Monocentris japonica...... 32 Mullus rubescens...... 69 Mérou tapis...... 45 monoceros, Aluteres...... 118 Mullus trifasciatus...... 69 Mérou zébré...... 47 monoceros, Heniochus...... 74 multiannulatus, Dunckerocampus...... 37 merra, Epinephelus...... 45, 46 monochrus, Alticus...... 94 multibarbata, Brotula...... 27 mesogallica, Scorpaena...... 40 monocirrhus, Exocoetus...... 31 multidens, Pristipomoides...... 62 mesogallicus, Chaetodon...... 73 Monodactylidae...... 71 multinotatus, Epinephelus...... 46 mesogallicus, Chironectes...... 29 Monodactylus argenteus...... 71 multispinis, Centropyge...... 75 Mesoprion griseoides...... 60 Monodactylus falciformis...... 71 multistriatus, Neobythites...... 27 Meteor perch...... 48 monostigma, Lutjanus...... 61 Muraena augusti...... 18 meyeni, Taeniura...... 12 Monotaxis grandoculis...... 67 Muraena flavimarginata...... 15 meyeri, Chaetodon...... 72 Moolgarda cunnesius...... 29 Muraenesocidae...... 21 meyeri, Priacanthus...... 51 Moolgarda robusta...... 30 Muraenesox bagio...... 21 Meyer’s butterflyfish...... 72 Moolgarda seheli...... 30 Muraenesox cinereus...... 20, 21 micheli, Pleurosicya...... 103 Moonfish...... 54 Muraenichthys gymnotus...... 19 Michel’s ghost goby...... 103 Moonies...... 71 Muraenichthys laticaudatus...... 20 Microdesmidae...... 104 Moontail bullseye...... 50 Muraenichthys xorae...... 20 Microdesmids...... 104 Moorish idol...... 106 Muraenidae...... 14 microdon, Cyclothone...... 23 Moorish idols...... 106 murdjan, Myripristis...... 33 microdon, Gymnocranius...... 66 Moray eels...... 14 Murène anneau de Réunion...... 14 microdon, Lethrinus...... 66 Morid cods...... 26 Murène errant...... 15 microdon, Pristis...... 11 Moridae...... 26 Murène étoilée...... 14 microlepis, Aprion...... 62 Moringua ferruginea...... 14 Murène fil géante...... 17 Microphis brachyurus...... 37 Moringua javanica...... 14 Murène javanaise...... 16 Microphis brachyurus millepunctatus...37 Moringuidae...... 14 Murène ondulante...... 17 Microphis millepunctatus...... 37 Moronopsis ciliatus...... 50 Murène tigre récifale...... 17 midas, Ecsenius...... 95 morrhua, Epinephelus...... 46 Murène zébrée...... 15 miles, Pterois...... 39 morrhua, Serranus...... 46 Murénésoce commun...... 21 Milkfish...... 22 mosis, Mustelus...... 8 muricata, Pterois...... 39 millepunctatus, Doryichthys...... 37 mossambica, Anguilla...... 14 murrayi, Paraheminodus...... 41 millepunctatus, Microphis...... 37 mossambica, Siphamia...... 53 Murray’s armoured gurnard...... 41 156 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Mustelus mosis...... 8 Natal moony...... 71 nigricans, Makaira...... 113 mutilus, Lophiodes...... 28 Natal stumpnose...... 65 nigricans, Stegastes...... 82 Muzzled rockskipper...... 94 Natal toby...... 122 nigricauda, Acanthurus...... 107 Myctophidae...... 25 natalensis, Ambassis...... 42 nigripinna, Eviota...... 101 Myersina filifer...... 102 natalensis, Canthigaster...... 122 nigripinnatus, Chaetodon...... 73 mykiss, Oncorhynchus...... 23 natalensis, Holanthias...... 48 nigripinnis, Epinephelus...... 44 Myliobatidae...... 12 natalensis, Meganthias...... 48 nigripinnis, Gobius...... 99 Myliobatis aquila...... 13 natalensis, Poecilopsetta...... 114 nigrofasciata, Amatitlania...... 76 myops, Saurus...... 25 Naucrates ductor...... 57 nigrofasciata, Seriolina...... 58 myops, Trachinocephalus...... 25 Naucrates indicus...... 57 nigrofasciatus, Archocentrus...... 76 myriaster, Serranus...... 43 naucrates, Echeneis...... 54 nigrofuscus, Acanthurus...... 107 Myrichthys colubrinus...... 19 Nebrius ferrugineus...... 11 nigropunctatus, Arothron...... 121 Myrichthys maculosus...... 19 nebulosa labiata, Anguilla...... 13 nigrura, Chromis...... 78 Myripristis adusta...... 33 nebulosa, Echidna...... 14 nigrus, Pseudopristipoma...... 65 Myripristis berndti...... 33 nebulosa, Parapercis...... 93 Nile tilapia...... 77 Myripristis borbonicus...... 33 nebulosa, Saurida...... 24 niloticus, Oreochromis...... 77 Myripristis borbonius...... 33 nebulosus, Halichoeres...... 86 Ninestripe cardinal...... 53 Myripristis botche...... 33 nebulosus, Lethrinus...... 67 niphonia, Pristigenys...... 51 Myripristis bowditchae...... 33 Nebulous lizardfish...... 24 niphonius, Priacanthus...... 51 Myripristis chryseres...... 33 Nebulous wrasse...... 86 nitidus, Limnichthys...... 92 Myripristis hexagona...... 33 Nectamia savayensis...... 52 nitidus, Plectroglyphidodon...... 80 Myripristis hexagonus...... 33 Needlefishes...... 31 nobilis, Lampanyctus...... 25 Myripristis japonicus...... 34 Nemateleotris decora...... 104 nobilis, Polymixia...... 26 Myripristis kuntee...... 33 Nemateleotris magnifica...... 104 Noble lanternfish...... 25 Myripristis murdjan...... 33 Nemateleotris magnificus...... 104 Nomeidae...... 113 Myripristis refulgens...... 51 Nemichthyidae...... 21 notatus, Lutjanus...... 61 Myripristis seychellensis...... 33, 34 Nemichthys curvirostris...... 21 Novaculichthys taeniourus...... 87 Myripristis vittata...... 34 Nemipteridae...... 67 nuchalis, Sebastapistes...... 41 Myripristis guezei...... 34 Neobrama webbi...... 26 nuda, Gymnosarda...... 112 Neobythites multistriatus...... 27 nudivomer, Gymnothorax...... 17 nakamurai, Hexanchus...... 11 Neocentropogon sp...... 41 nudivomer, Lycodontis...... 17 Nannocampus pictus...... 37 Neoglyphidodon melas...... 80 nufar, Cheimerius...... 65 Napoléon...... 84 Neoniphon aurolineatus...... 34 nummifer, Antennarius...... 28 Napoleon snake eel...... 19 Neoniphon opercularis...... 34 Nurse sharks...... 11 Narcarion polleni...... 12 Neoniphon sammara...... 34 naresii, Cypselurus...... 30 neophytus, Coryphopterus...... 101 obesus, Thunnus...... 112 narinari, Aetobatus...... 12 neophytus, Fusigobius...... 101 obesus, Triaenodon...... 10 Narrowbar damsel...... 80 Neoscopelidae...... 25 Oblique-banded cardinalfish...... 51 Naseus brevirostris...... 108 Neoscopelus macrolepidotus...... 25 Oblique-banded grouper...... 47 Naseus fronticornis...... 109 Neothunnus macropterus...... 112 Oblique-banded snapper...... 63 Naseus unicornis...... 109 nesogallica, Pempheris...... 70 oblongus, Amblyrhynchotes...... 123 nasicornis, Pseudalutarius...... 119 nesogallicus, Chironectes...... 29 oblongus, Carangoides...... 56 nasicornis, Pseudaluteres...... 119 Nestis cyprinoides...... 29 oblongus, Takifugu...... 123 Naso brachycentron...... 108 Nettastomatidae...... 21 obtusa, Sphyraena...... 110 Naso brevirostris...... 108 Network pipefish...... 36 obtusata, Sphyraena...... 110 Naso elegans...... 108 neucrates, Echeneis...... 54 obtusirostris, Helcogramma...... 93 Naso hexacanthus...... 108 Niche-madame...... 75 Ocean sunfish...... 124 Naso lituratus...... 108 niger, Balistes...... 116 Oceanic puffer...... 122 Naso minor...... 109 niger, Bathygobius...... 100 Oceanic whitetip shark...... 9 Naso rigoletto...... 108 niger, Eleotris...... 98 oceanicus, Epinephelus...... 46 Naso tapeinosoma...... 108 niger, Macolor...... 62 oceanicus, Holocentrus...... 46 Naso thynnoides...... 109 niger, Melichthys...... 116 ocellaris, Gobius...... 99 Naso tuber...... 109 niger, Odonus...... 116 ocellata, Pogonoperca...... 48 Naso tuberosus...... 109 niger, Parastromateus...... 57 Ocellate cardinal...... 51 Naso unicolor...... 109 nigrepinnis, Ophisurus...... 19 Ocellated lionfish...... 39 Naso unicornis...... 109 nigri, Gobius...... 100 Ocellated scorpionfish...... 39 Naso vlamingi...... 109 nigricans, Acanthurus...... 107 Ocellated snake eel...... 19 Nason zébré...... 109 nigricans, Cheilopogon...... 30 ocellatus, Apogonichthys...... 51 Natal glassy...... 42 nigricans, Holocentrus...... 82 ocellatus, Cetoscarus...... 90 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 157 ocellatus, Grammistes...... 48 orientalis, Grammistes...... 47 Pacific beardfish...... 26 ocellatus, Sciaenops...... 67 orientalis, Plectorhinchus...... 65 Pacific goby...... 100 ocellatus, Symphurus...... 115 orientalis, Sarda...... 112 Pagre double bande...... 65 octofasciatus, Epinephelus...... 46 Ornate jobfish...... 62 Pagrus filamentosus...... 65 octolineata, Diacope...... 60 Ornate prawn-goby...... 104 Pailona à long nez...... 10 octotaenia, Pseudocheilinus...... 88 ornatissima, Vanderhorstia...... 104 Painted frogfish...... 28 octovittatus, Lutjanus...... 60 Orphie carène...... 31 Painted lizardfish...... 25 oculatus, Etelis...... 60 Orphie crocodile...... 32 Painted sweetlips...... 65 Odax borbonicus...... 88 Orphie littorale...... 31 Pale bullethead parrotfish...... 90 Odax moluccanus...... 88 Orphie plate...... 31 Palefin unicornfish...... 108 Odontanthias borbonius...... 48 Orthagoriscus mola...... 124 Palenose parrotfish...... 91 Odonus niger...... 116 orthogrammus, Carangoides...... 56 Paletail chromis...... 79 oeyena, Gerres...... 64 Osphronemidae...... 114 Paletail damsel...... 81 Ogcocephalidae...... 29 Osphronemus goramy...... 114 Palette surgeonfish...... 109 Oilfish...... 111 Osphronemus olfax...... 114 pallida, Cyclothone...... 23 olfax, Osphronemus...... 114 Ostichthys archiepiscopus...... 34 Palomine...... 23 oligolepis, Albula...... 13 Ostichthys delta...... 34 pantherina, Siderea...... 17 oligolepis, Pristilepis...... 34 Ostichthys kaianus...... 34 pantherinus, Bothus...... 114 oligolepis, Uranoscopus...... 92 Ostorhinchus angustatus...... 52 pantherinus, Cirrhites...... 76 olivaceus, Acanthurus...... 107 Ostorhinchus apogonoides...... 52 Papillon...... 72 Ombrine bronze...... 67 Ostorhinchus aureus...... 52 Papillon longnez...... 73 Omobranchus fasciolatus...... 96 Ostorhinchus cookii...... 52 papuensis, Caranx...... 56 Oncorhynchus mykiss...... 23 Ostorhinchus fasciatus...... 52 Paracaesio xanthura...... 62 Oneblotch grouper...... 46 Ostorhinchus quadrifasciatus...... 52 Paracanthurus hepatus...... 109 Oneblotch rockcod...... 46 Ostorhinchus taeniophorus...... 53 Paracirrhites arcatus...... 76 Oneknife unicornfish...... 109 Ostorhynchus angustatus...... 52 Paracirrhites forsteri...... 76 Onespot demoiselle...... 79 Ostorhynchus savayensis...... 52 paradoxus, Solenostomus...... 38 Onespot snapper...... 61 Ostraciidae...... 119 Paragobiodon echinocephalus...... 102 Opahs...... 26 Ostracion argus...... 119 Paragobiodon modestus...... 103 opercularis, Bodianus...... 83 Ostracion concatenatus...... 120 Paraheminodus murrayi...... 41 opercularis, Chromis...... 78 Ostracion cornutus...... 119 Paraluteres prionurus...... 118 opercularis, Cossyphus...... 83 Ostracion cubicus...... 119 Paramonacanthus pusillus...... 118 opercularis, Neoniphon...... 34 Ostracion horridus...... 119 Parapercis guezei...... 92 opercularis, Pteragogus...... 88 Ostracion meleagris...... 120 Parapercis hexophtalma...... 92 Ophichthidae...... 18 Ostracion punctatus...... 120 Parapercis maculata...... 92 Ophichthus bonaparti...... 19 Ostracion sebae...... 120 Parapercis nebulosa...... 93 Ophichthus polyophthalmus...... 19 Ostracion tetragonus...... 119 Parapercis pulchella...... 92 Ophidiidae...... 27 Ostracion trachys...... 120 Parapercis punctata...... 92 Ophiocara porocephala...... 98 Ostracion triqueter...... 120 Parapercis punctulata...... 93 Ophisurus nigrepinnis...... 19 Ostracion tuberculatus...... 119 Parapercis robinsoni...... 93 oramin, Siganus...... 106 otaitensis, Sunagocia...... 42 Parapriacanthus ransonneti...... 70 Orange goatfish...... 68 otaitensis, Thysanophrys...... 42 Parascorpaena mcadamsi...... 39 Orangeback angelfish...... 74 Otomebora mullet...... 29 parasitica, Simenchelys...... 18 Orangehead worm-eel...... 20 oualensis, Pempheris...... 70 Parastromateus niger...... 57 Orange-spotted grouper...... 45 oviceps, Callyodon...... 92 Pardachirus diringeri...... 114 Orange-striped triggerfish...... 115 Ovoid toothpony...... 58 Pardachirus pavoninus...... 115 Orangetail filefish...... 119 Oxeye tarpon...... 13 pardalis, Cantherhines...... 118 Orbicular batfish...... 105 oxycephalus, Cheilinus...... 84 pardalis, Enchelycore...... 15 orbicularis, Acanthurus...... 107 oxycephalus, Cirrhitichthys...... 75 Parexocoetus brachypterus...... 31 orbicularis, Cyclichthys...... 123 Oxycheilinus arenatus...... 88 Parrotfishes...... 90 orbicularis, Diodon...... 123 Oxycheilinus bimaculatus...... 88 Parupaeneus barberinus...... 68 orbicularis, Platax...... 105 Oxycheilinus digrammus...... 88 Parupeneus barberinus...... 68 orcini, Brama...... 59 Oxycirrhites typus...... 76 Parupeneus bifasciatus...... 69 Oreochromis macrochir...... 76 Oxymonacanthus longirostris...... 118 Parupeneus chryseredros...... 68 Oreochromis mossambicus...... 77 oxyrhynchus, Hologymnosus...... 86 Parupeneus ciliatus...... 68 Oreochromis niloticus...... 77 oxyrinchus, Isurus...... 8 Parupeneus cinnabarinus...... 69 Oriental sweetlips...... 65 Oxyurichthys guibei...... 102 Parupeneus cyclostomus...... 68 orientalis, Dactyloptena...... 38 oyena, Gerres...... 64 Parupeneus diagonalis...... 69 orientalis, Dactylopterus...... 38 Parupeneus heptacanthus...... 69 158 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Parupeneus indicus...... 69 Perche peinte...... 65 pictus, Antennarius...... 28 Parupeneus macronemus...... 69 perditio, Bodianus...... 83 pictus, Gymnothorax...... 17 Parupeneus pleurostigma...... 69 perditio, Lepidaplois...... 83 pictus, Nannocampus...... 37 Parupeneus posteli...... 69 periophthalma, Amblyeleotris...... 98 picus, Plectorhinchus...... 65 Parupeneus rubescens...... 69 Periophthalma prawn-goby...... 98 Pike congers...... 21 Parupeneus trifasciatus...... 69 Periophthalmus kalolo...... 103 pikei, Gymnothorax...... 17 parvipinnis, Cotylopus...... 100 periophthalmus, Blenniella...... 94 pikei, Pomacentrus...... 81 parvipinnis, Scorpaenodes...... 40 Peristediidae...... 41 Pike’s moray...... 17 Pastel wrasse...... 86 perlo, Heptranchias...... 11 Pilote...... 54, 55 Pastenague éventail...... 12 Perroquet...... 90 Pilotfish...... 57 Pastenague violette...... 12 Perroquet à bandes rouges...... 91 Pimelepterus altipinnis...... 71 pastinaca, Leiobatis...... 12 Perroquet à cinq celles...... 92 Pimelepterus altipinnoides...... 71 pastinaca, Trygon...... 12 Perroquet à écailles jaunes...... 91 Pimelepterus fuscus...... 70 pautzkei, Brosmophyciops...... 27 Perroquet à joue pale...... 90 Pineapple fish...... 32 pavidus, Ctenogobius...... 99 Perroquet à points rouges...... 90 Pineapple fishes...... 32 Pavillon...... 74 Perroquet bleu...... 91 Pinecone fish...... 32 pavo, Iniistius...... 87 Perroquet capitaine...... 90 Pinecone soldierfish...... 33 pavo, Xyrichtys...... 87 Perroquet commun...... 91 Pinge arlequin...... 92 pavoninus, Pardachirus...... 115 Perroquet des Carolines...... 90 Pinge pintade...... 92 Peacock flounder...... 114 Perroquet faucille...... 91 Pinguipedidae...... 92 Peacock grouper...... 43 Perroquet globeux...... 91 pinguis, Atherina...... 30 Peacock rockcod...... 43 Perroquet marbré...... 91 Pinkbar goby...... 98 Peacock sole...... 115 Perroquet marguerite...... 90 Pinktail triggerfish...... 116 Peacock wrasse...... 87 Perroquet marron...... 92 pinnatus, Platax...... 105 Pearl fishes...... 26 Perroquet vert...... 90 pinnulatus, Cirrhitus...... 76 Pearly butterflyfish...... 72 Perrouche...... 91 Pipefishes...... 36 Pearly rockskipper...... 96 Persian blenny...... 95 Pisodonophis cancrivorus...... 19 Pearly sergeant...... 77 Pervagor aspricaudus...... 119 Pisodonophis maculatus...... 19 Pearly soldierfish...... 33 Pervagor janthinosoma...... 119 Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos...... 97 Pêche cavale du large...... 58 Pervagor melanocephalus...... 119 Plagiotremus tapeinosoma...... 97 Pêche-madame argenté...... 53 petelli, Lycodontis...... 17 Plain false moray...... 14 pectinata, Pristis...... 12 peterseni, Dactyloptena...... 38 Plat gris...... 46 pectoralis, Atherina...... 30 petersii, Pterycombus...... 59 Plat nègre...... 46 Pégase dracon...... 36 petimba, Fistularia...... 38 Platax blochii...... 105 Pegasidae...... 36 Petit cafre...... 79 Platax orbicularis...... 105 Pegasus draco...... 36 Petit clair...... 66 Platax pinnatus...... 105 Pelagic stingray...... 12 Petit lapia...... 77 Platax teira...... 105 pelamis, Katsuwonus...... 112 Petit nègre...... 45 Platax vespertilio...... 105 Pelamys sarda...... 112 Petroscirtes filamentosus...... 94 Platte ailes jaunes...... 45 pelicieri, Stegastes...... 82 Petroscirtes mitratus...... 97 platurus, Mastaccembelus...... 31 Pelor filamentosus...... 39 Petroscirtes rostratus...... 94 Platybelone argalus...... 31 pelycus, Pteragogus...... 88 pfluegeri, Mulloides...... 68 Platybelone platyura...... 31 Pempheridae...... 70 pfluegeri, Mulloidichthys...... 68 Platycéphale clin d’œil...... 42 Pempheris adusta...... 70 Pharao flyingfish...... 30 Platycéphale cocarde...... 42 Pempheris mangula...... 70 philippinus, Enneapterygius...... 93 Platycéphale crocodile...... 42 Pempheris nesogallica...... 70 Phoenix devil...... 81 Platycephalidae...... 42 Pempheris oualensis...... 70 phoenixensis, Plectroglyphidodon...... 81 Platycephalus crocodilus...... 42 Pempheris schwenkii...... 70 phoeops, Scolopsides...... 67 Platycephalus scaber...... 42 Pempheris vanicolensis...... 70 Phosichthyidae...... 24 platypterus, Istiophorus...... 113 Pencil cardinal...... 53 Phosichthys argenteus...... 24 platypterus, Xiphias...... 113 Pennant glider...... 104 Photoblepharon steinitzi...... 32 platyura, Platybelone...... 31 Pentaceros capensis...... 75 Phrynelox polyophthalmus...... 28 plebeius, Polydactylus...... 68 Pentacerotidae...... 75 Physiculus argyropastus...... 26 plebeius, Polynemus...... 68 pentadactylus, Xyrichtys...... 90 Piano blenny...... 97 Plectorhinchus gaterinus...... 64 Pentapus curtus...... 66 Picasso noir...... 117 Plectorhinchus gibbosus...... 65 Pentapus dux...... 66 Picassofish...... 117 Plectorhinchus orientalis...... 65 Peoropsis frondosus...... 40 picta, Diagramma...... 64 Plectorhinchus picus...... 65 Peppered butterflyfish...... 72 Picture rockskipper...... 94 Plectorhinchus sordidus...... 65 Perca lineata...... 51 Picture wrasse...... 86 Plectorhinchus vittatus...... 65 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 159

Plectroglyphidodon dickii...... 80 Polymixia berndti...... 26 Priacanthus hamrur...... 50 Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis...... 65 Polymixia busakhini...... 26 Priacanthus japonicus...... 50 Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus...... 80 Polymixia nobilis...... 26 Priacanthus macropus...... 50 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus...... 80 Polymixiidae...... 26 Priacanthus meyeri...... 51 Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus...... 81 polymnus, Amphiprion...... 78 Priacanthus niphonius...... 51 Plectroglyphidodon nitidus...... 80 Polynemidae...... 67 Priacanthus sagittarius...... 51 Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis...... 81 polynemoides, Engraulis...... 21 Priacanthus speculum...... 50 Plectroglyphidodon randalli...... 81 Polynemus plebeius...... 68 Prickly pomfret...... 59 Plectropomus laevis...... 48 polyophthalmus, Ophichthus...... 19 Priolepis cinctus...... 103 Plesiopidae...... 49 polyophthalmus, Phrynelox...... 28 Priolepis semidoliata...... 103 Plesiops coeruleolineatus...... 49 polyporatus, Springeratus...... 93 Prionace glauca...... 10 Plesiops melas...... 49 polyzona, Acanthurus...... 107 prionurus, Paraluteres...... 118 Pleuronectidae...... 114 polyzona, Cirripectes...... 95 Pristiapogon fraenatus...... 53 Pleurosicya micheli...... 103 polyzona, Echidna...... 15 Pristiapogon kallopterus...... 53 pleurostigma, Parupeneus...... 69 polyzona, Gobius...... 103 Pristiapogon snyderi...... 53 Plotosidae...... 23 polyzona, Rhombotides...... 107 Pristiapogon taeniopterus...... 53 Plotosus anguillaris...... 23 polyzona, Stenogobius...... 103 Pristidae...... 11 Plotosus arab...... 23 Pomacanthidae...... 74 Pristigenys niphonia...... 51 Plotosus lineatus...... 23 Pomacanthus imperator...... 75 pristiger, Pomacentrus...... 81 plumbeus, Carcharhinus...... 9 Pomacanthus semicirculatus...... 75 Pristilepis oligolepis...... 34 Poecilia reticulata...... 32 Pomacentridae...... 77 Pristipoma anas...... 65 Poeciliidae...... 32 Pomacentrus agassizii...... 81 Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus...... 62 Poeciliids...... 32 Pomacentrus caeruleus...... 81 Pristipomoides auricilla...... 62 poecilonotus, Epinephelus...... 47 Pomacentrus chrysurus...... 81 Pristipomoides filamentosus...... 62 Poecilophis variegatus...... 17 Pomacentrus luteobrunneus...... 82 Pristipomoides multidens...... 62 Poecilopsetta natalensis...... 114 Pomacentrus madagascariensis...... 81 Pristipomoides sieboldii...... 63 poecilopterus, Cypselurus...... 30 Pomacentrus pikei...... 81 Pristipomoides typus...... 63 poeyi, Evoxymetopon...... 111 Pomacentrus pristiger...... 81 Pristipomoides zonatus...... 63 Poey’s scabbardfish...... 111 Pomacentrus pulcherrimus...... 81 Pristis antiquorum...... 11 Pogonoperca ocellata...... 48 Pomacentrus trichrourus...... 81 Pristis microdon...... 11 Pogonoperca punctata...... 48 Pomacentrus tripunctatum...... 81 Pristis pectinata...... 12 Poisson ananas...... 32 Pomachromis richardsoni...... 81 proboscidea, Venefica...... 21 Poisson armée...... 39 Pomadasys furcatum...... 65 Prognathodes guezei...... 74 Poisson lime à taches oranges...... 118 Pomfrets...... 59 Prognichthys sealei...... 31 Poisson lune argenté...... 71 Pompaneau lune...... 58 Promecocephalus argentatus...... 122 Poisson nettoyeur bicolore...... 87 Pompaneau muscadin...... 58 Promecocephalus lagocephalus...... 122 Poisson nettoyeur commun...... 87 Pompano dolphinfish...... 54 prometheus, Gempylus...... 110 Poisson oiseau...... 85 Pompre...... 58 prometheus, Prometichthys...... 110 Poisson pilote...... 57 Pontinus tentacularis...... 39 promethoides, Rexea...... 111 Poisson plat...... 50 Ponyfishes...... 58 Prometichthys prometheus...... 110 Poisson sabre commun...... 111 Porc-épic ballon...... 123 Psenes squamiceps...... 113 Poisson trompette...... 36 Porcupinefishes...... 123 Psettus commersonii...... 71 Poisson volant...... 38 Poreless goby...... 102 Psettus rhombeus...... 71 Poisson-ange à trois taches...... 74 Porgies...... 65 Pseudalutarius nasicornis...... 119 Poisson-ange bleu...... 75 porocephala, Eleotris...... 98 Pseudaluteres nasicornis...... 119 Poisson-ange impérial...... 75 porocephala, Ophiocara...... 98 Pseudanthias bimaculatus...... 48 Poisson-pierre béquillard...... 39 Porte-épée...... 32 Pseudanthias cooperi...... 48 Poisson-pierre commun...... 41 posteli, Parupeneus...... 69 Pseudanthias evansi...... 48 Poissons paie à pois...... 12 Postel’s goatfish...... 69 Pseudanthias pulcherrimus...... 49 polleni, Cephalopholis...... 44 Potato bass...... 47 Pseudanthias squamipinnis...... 49 polleni, Epinephelus...... 44 Potato grouper...... 47 Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus...... 116 polleni, Narcarion...... 12 Powder-blue surgeonfish...... 106 Pseudobalistes fuscus...... 116 Pollichthys mauli...... 24 praetextatus, Cymolutes...... 85 Pseudocaranx dentex...... 57 polyacantha, Pseudogramma...... 49 prasina, Eviota...... 101 Pseudocheilinus dispilus...... 88 polyacanthus, Cheilodipterus...... 52 pretiosus, Ruvettus...... 111 Pseudocheilinus evanidus...... 88 polyacanthus, Coranthus...... 52 Priacanthidae...... 50 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia...... 88 polyactis, Cyprinocirrhites...... 76 Priacanthus alticlarens...... 50 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia...... 88 Polydactylus plebeius...... 68 Priacanthus boops...... 50 Pseudocoris yamashiroi...... 88 Polyipnus indicus...... 24 Priacanthus cruentatus...... 50 Pseudochromidae...... 49 160 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Pseudodax moluccanus...... 88 quaesita, Rhinomuraena...... 17 Red-tipped grouper...... 47 Pseudogramma polyacantha...... 49 quagga, Cirripectes...... 95 Red-tipped longfin...... 49 pseudomorrhua, Epinephelus...... 45 Quakerfish...... 54 Red-tipped rockcod...... 47 Pseudopristipoma nigrus...... 65 Queen coris...... 85 Redtooth triggerfish...... 116 Pseudoscarus striatus...... 90 quinquelineatus, Cheilodipterus...... 52 Reef chromis...... 78 Pseudoscarus viridis...... 90 quinquelineatus, Lutjanus...... 61 Reef cusk eel...... 27 psittacus, Scarus...... 91 quinquevittatum, Thalassoma...... 89 Reef pipefish...... 37 Pteraclis trichipterus...... 59 Reef stonefish...... 41 Pteraclis velifera...... 59 Rabbitfishes...... 105 Reef-flat cardinalfish...... 53 Pteragogus opercularis...... 88 Rachycentridae...... 51 Reef-top pipefish...... 36 Pteragogus pelycus...... 88 Rachycentron canadum...... 51 refulgens, Myripristis...... 51 Ptercaesio marri...... 63 Racoon butterflyfish...... 72 remeligo, Echeneis...... 55 Ptercaesio tile...... 64 radiatus, Cheilinus...... 88 Rémora...... 55 Ptereleotris evides...... 104 radiatus, Epinephelus...... 47 Remora australis...... 54 Ptereleotris heteroptera...... 104 Raie guitarre...... 12 Remora brachyptera...... 54 Ptereleotris tricolor...... 104 Raie noir...... 12 Rémora des baleines...... 54 Ptereleotris zebra...... 105 Railway glider...... 103 Rémora des espadons...... 54 Pterois antennata...... 39 Rainbow runner...... 57 remora, Echeneis...... 55 Pterois miles...... 39 Rainbow trout...... 23 Remora remora...... 55 Pterois muricata...... 39 Rainbow wrasse...... 86 Remoras...... 54 Pterois volitans...... 39 randalli, Cirripectes...... 95 Renard à gros yeux...... 8 Pterois zebra...... 39 randalli, Plectroglyphidodon...... 81 Requiem sharks...... 8 Pterycombus petersii...... 59 Randall’s blenny...... 95 Requin à aileron blanc...... 9 Pterygotrigla guezei...... 41 raniceps, Coloconger...... 20 Requin à pointes noires...... 9 Pteryplatytrygon violacea...... 12 ransonneti, Parapriacanthus...... 70 Requin aiguillat...... 11 Pufferfishes...... 120 Ranzania...... 124 Requin baleine...... 11 pulchella, Parapercis...... 92 Ranzania laevis...... 124 Requin bleu...... 10 pulcherrimus, Pomacentrus...... 81 Rascasse de Guam...... 40 Requin bordé...... 9 pulcherimus, Pseudanthias...... 49 Rascasse...... 41 Requin bouledogue...... 9 punctata, Drepane...... 71 Rascasse de Suez...... 41 Requin corail...... 10 punctata, Parapercis...... 92 Rason algue...... 87 Requin dagsit...... 9 punctata, Pogonoperca...... 48 Rason ocellé...... 90 Requin gris...... 9 punctatissimum, Sargocentron...... 35 Rason paon...... 87 Requin océanique...... 9 punctato-fasciatus, Gymnothorax...... 17 Rastrelliger kanagurta...... 112 Requin pointe blanche...... 8 punctatus, Cirrhites...... 76 rectangulus, Rhinecanthus...... 117 Requin sagrin...... 10 punctatus, Cristacirrhitus...... 76 Red cornetfish...... 38 Requin soyeux...... 9 punctatus, Grammistes...... 48 Red drum...... 67 Requin tacheté...... 10 punctatus, Lycodontis...... 16 Red smalltooth jobfish...... 60 Requin tigre...... 10 punctatus, Ostracion...... 120 Red soldierfish...... 33 Requin tisserand...... 9 punctatus, Stegastes...... 82 Red squirrelfish...... 35 Requin vache...... 11 punctulata, Parapercis...... 93 Red symbol lanternfish...... 26 Requin-nourice fauve...... 11 punctulatus, Serranus...... 49 Redbar fairy basslet...... 48 Requin-scie...... 11, 12 Purple butterflyfish...... 73 Redbar hawkfish...... 76 Resplendent goldie...... 49 Purple goldie...... 48 Redbelly tilapia...... 77 reticulata, Poecilia...... 32 purpureum, Thalassoma...... 89 Red-breasted wrasse...... 84 Reticulated blenny...... 95 Pursemouths...... 64 Redcheek wrasse...... 89 reticulatus, Balistes...... 116 pusillus, Lampanyctus...... 25 Redcoat...... 34 reticulatus, Chilomycterus...... 123 pusillus, Paramonacanthus...... 118 Redfin butterflyfish...... 73 retouti, Epinephelus...... 47 Pygmy coral croucher...... 38 Redfin worm-eel...... 20 Réunion angelfish...... 74 Pygmy filefish...... 118 Redgill emperor...... 67 Réunion broadbanded moray...... 14 Pygmy lanternfish...... 25 Redhead coral goby...... 102 Réunion herring...... 22 Pygmy shark...... 10 Redlip rubberlips...... 65 Réunion sandsmelt...... 92 Pygmy sweeper...... 70 Redmouth grouper...... 43 Réunion seahorse...... 37 Pyramodon ventralis...... 26 Redsmooth scorpionfish...... 38 Rexea promethoides...... 111 Redspot goatfish...... 69 Rexea solandri...... 111 quadricornis, Salarias...... 96 Redspot wrasse...... 88 Rhabdosargus sarba...... 65 quadrifasciatus, Apogon...... 52 Red-spotted blenny...... 94 Rhabdosargus thorpei...... 66 quadrifasciatus, Ostorhinchus...... 52 Red-streaked blenny...... 95 Rhechias wallacei...... 20 quadrimaculatus, Herklotsichthys...... 22 Redtail scad...... 57 Rhincodon typus...... 11 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 161

Rhincodontidae...... 11 Roudi escolar...... 110 Sailor flyingfish...... 31 Rhinecanthus aculeatus...... 117 Rouge ananas...... 44 Salarias alticus...... 94 Rhinecanthus cinereus...... 117 Rouge batard...... 43 Salarias fasciatus...... 97 Rhinecanthus rectangulus...... 117 Rouge du large...... 47 Salarias frenatus...... 96 Rhino leatherjacket...... 119 Rouge grand queue...... 49 Salarias meleagris...... 94 Rhinobatidae...... 12 Rouge l’allié...... 44 Salarias quadricornis...... 96 rhinoceros, Aluteres...... 119 Rouge noir...... 47 Salarias tridactylus...... 94 Rhinomuraena quaesita...... 17 Rouge peau dure...... 43 saliens, Alticus...... 94 Rhinopias eschmeyeri...... 40 Rouge sale...... 46, 47 Salmo variegatus...... 25 Rhinopias frondosa...... 40 Rouget souris aurore...... 70 Salmo varius...... 25 rhinorhynchos, Plagiotremus...... 97 Rouget souris orangé...... 70 salmoides, Epinephelus...... 46 rhombeus, Harpurus...... 109 Rouget-barbet bandeau...... 69 Salmonidae...... 23 rhombeus, Psettus...... 71 Rouget-barbet barberin...... 68 Salmons ...... 23 Rhombotides polyzona...... 107 Rouget-barbet cinnabare...... 69 Salt-and-pepper moray...... 15 Rhombus bourboniensis...... 114 Rouget-barbet de Postel...... 69 saltatorius, Alticus...... 94 Rhombus lunatus...... 114 Rouget-barbet des Mascareines...... 69 Samaridae...... 114 Rhynchobatus djiddensis...... 12 Rouget-barbet diagonal...... 69 Samaris costae...... 114 rhyncholepis, Glyphidodon...... 77 Rouget-barbet doré...... 68 sammara, Holocentrum...... 34 Rhynchotus gronovii...... 122 Rouget-barbet double-tache...... 69 sammara, Neoniphon...... 34 Ribbed tilefish...... 53 Rouget-barbet indien...... 69 Samoan pipefish...... 37 Ribbon eel...... 17 Rouget-barbet pastille...... 69 Samurai squirrelfish...... 35 Ribbonfishes...... 26 Rouget-barbet sellé...... 69 sanctipetri, Chorinemus...... 58 richardsoni, Pomachromis...... 81 Rougette...... 46 Sand burrowers...... 92 Richardson’s damsel...... 81 Rough triggerfish...... 116 Sand dart...... 92 Rightangle butterflyfish...... 73 Roughskin spurdog...... 11 Sand divers...... 92 rigoletto, Naso...... 108 Roughskin trunkfish...... 120 Sand lizardfish...... 24 Ring wrasse...... 86 Roundhead parrotfish...... 91 Sand submarine...... 92 Ringed snake eel...... 19 Rouvet...... 111 Sandbar shark...... 9 Ringed wrasse...... 86 Royal escolar...... 111 Sandsmelts...... 92 ringens, Balistes...... 118 rubescens, Antigonia...... 114 sandwichiensis, Amanses...... 118 Rippled coral goby...... 102 Rubberlips...... 64 Santer seabream...... 65 Rippled rockskipper...... 96 ruber, Centropomus...... 35 saponaceus, Centropristis...... 43 Rippled triggerfish...... 116 rubescens, Mullus...... 69 Sapsap commun...... 59 Risadel...... 45 rubescens, Parupeneus...... 69 Sapsap dentu...... 58 River goby...... 99 rubra, Sciaena...... 35 Sapsap vaguelette...... 59 River snapper...... 60 rubrioperculatus, Lethrinus...... 67 sarasa, Antennarius...... 28 rivoliana, Seriola...... 58 Ruby snapper...... 60 sarba, Rhabdosargus...... 65 rivulata, Canthigaster...... 122 rueppellii, Gymnothorax...... 17 sarba, Sparus...... 65 rivulata, Diacope...... 61 rüppelli, Harpurus...... 110 Sarda orientalis...... 112 rivulatus, Epinephelus...... 47 rufinus, Symbolophorus...... 26 sarda, Pelamys...... 112 rivulatus, Gobiodon...... 102 rufus, Cossyphus...... 83 Sardine...... 22 rivulatus, Gymnocranius...... 66 rupestris, Centropomus...... 50 Sardine à queue noire...... 22 rivulatus, Lutjanus...... 61 rupestris, Kuhlia...... 50 Sardinella jussieu...... 22 rivulatus, Serranus...... 47 russelli, Decapterus...... 57 Sardinella melanura...... 22 robinsoni, Parapercis...... 93 russellii, Lutjanus...... 62 Sardinelle tachetée...... 21 Robust mullet...... 30 Rusty jobfish...... 60 Sardines...... 21 Robust tuskfish...... 84 Rusty spaghetti eel...... 14 Sargasse...... 28 robusta, Moolgarda...... 30 rutilans, Aphareus...... 60 Sargassum frogfish...... 28 robustus, Choerodon...... 84 Ruvettus pretiosus...... 111 Sargassumfish...... 28 robustus, Valamugil...... 30 Sargocentron caudimaculatum...... 34 rochei, Auxis...... 111 Sabre squirrelfish...... 35 Sargocentron diadema...... 35 Rock flagtail...... 50 Saddleback hogfish...... 83 Sargocentron inaequalis...... 35 Rockmover wrasse...... 87 Saddled snake eel...... 19 Sargocentron ittodai...... 35 Rockskipper...... 96 sagittarius, Priacanthus...... 51 Sargocentron melanospilos...... 35 rodericensis, Kumococius...... 42 Sailfin armourhead...... 75 Sargocentron punctatissimum...... 35 rogaa, Aethaloperca...... 43 Sailfin flyingfish...... 31 Sargocentron seychellense...... 35 rostratus, Petroscirtes...... 94 Sailfin rubberlip...... 64 Sargocentron spiniferum...... 35 Rosy goatfish...... 69 Sailfish...... 113 Sargocentron tiere...... 35 Rosy jobfish...... 62 Sailfishes...... 113 Sargocentron tiereoides...... 36 162 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Sargue doré...... 65 Scissortail sergeant...... 77 semiornatus, Apogon...... 51 sathete, Strophidon...... 17 Scissor-tailed fusilier...... 63 semipunctata, Asterropteryx...... 99 Satyrichthys investigatoris...... 42 sclateri, Callogobius...... 100 semipunctatus, Asterropterix...... 99 Saumon...... 57 Scolecenchelys gymnota...... 19 septemfasciatus, Abudefduf...... 77 Saurida gracilis...... 24 Scolecenchelys laticaudata...... 20 septemfasciatus, Epinephelus...... 46 Saurida nebulosa...... 24 Scolecenchelys xorae...... 20 Sergent-major...... 77 Saurus cynodus...... 25 Scolopsides phoeops...... 67 Seriola lalandi...... 58 Saurus myops...... 25 Scolopsis frenatus...... 67 Seriola rivoliana...... 58 Saurus variegatus...... 25 Scomberoides commersonianus...... 57 Seriola songoro...... 58 saurus, Elops...... 13 Scomberoides lysan...... 58 Sériole amourez...... 58 Sauteur sabre...... 58 Scomberomorus commerson...... 112 Sériole chicard...... 58 Sauteur talang...... 57 Scombridae...... 111 Sériole limon...... 58 Savaii cardinalfish...... 52 scopas, Amanses...... 118 Seriolichthys indicus...... 55 savala, Trichiurus...... 111 scopas, Zebrasoma...... 109 Seriolina nigrofasciata...... 58 savayensis, Apogon...... 52 Scorpaena megastoma...... 41 serpens, Gempylus...... 110 savayensis, Nectamia...... 52 Scorpaena mesogallica...... 40 Serpenton à longue nageoire...... 19 savayensis, Ostorhynchus...... 52 Scorpaenidae...... 38 Serranidae...... 43 Savon...... 48 Scorpaenodes guamensis...... 40 Serranus analis...... 43 Savon à bande jaune...... 43 Scorpaenodes kelloggi...... 40 Serranus argyro-grammiscus...... 62 Savon barbu...... 48 Scorpaenodes minor...... 40 Serranus borbonicus...... 45 Savon rayes d’or...... 47 Scorpaenodes parvipinnis...... 40 Serranus borbonius...... 48 Savonette...... 47 Scorpaenopsis diabolus...... 40 Serranus dermochirus...... 46 Sawfishes...... 11 Scorpaenopsis gibbosa...... 40 Serranus erythraeus...... 44 Sawtooth eel...... 21 Scorpaenopsis longispina...... 40 Serranus filamentosus...... 62 Sawtooth eels...... 21 Scorpaenopsis venosa...... 40 Serranus formosus...... 44 saxatilis, Abudefduf...... 77 Scorpionfishes...... 38 Serranus hexagonatus...... 45 scaber, Chironectes...... 28 Scrawled butterflyfish...... 72 Serranus marginalis...... 46 scaber, Platycephalus...... 42 Scrawled leatherjacket...... 118 Serranus morrhua...... 46 scaber, Scarus...... 92 Scribbled snapper...... 61 Serranus myriaster...... 43 scapularis, Güntheria...... 86 scriptissimus, Antennarius...... 28 Serranus punctulatus...... 49 scapularis, Halichoeres...... 86 scriptus, Aluteres...... 118 Serranus rivulatus...... 47 scapulostigma, Gnatholepis...... 101 Sculptured pipefish...... 36 Serranus zonatus...... 63 Scaridae...... 90 sculptus, Choeroichthys...... 36 Serrate flutemouth...... 38 Scarlet frogfish...... 28 Scuticaria tigrina...... 17 Serrivomer beanii...... 21 Scarus blochii...... 90 Sea chubs...... 70 Serrivomeridae...... 21 Scarus capitanus...... 90 Sea goldie...... 49 Setarches longimanus...... 38 Scarus caudofasciatus...... 91 Sea urchin cardinalfish...... 53 Setarchidae...... 38 Scarus enneacanthus...... 90 Seabats...... 29 setifer, Xiphasia...... 97 Scarus falcipinnis...... 91 Seabreams...... 65 setiger, Trichonotus...... 92 Scarus frenatus...... 91 Seagrass parrotfish...... 91 Sevenbar damsel...... 77 Scarus ghobban...... 91 Seahorses...... 36 sexfasciatus, Abudefduf...... 77 Scarus gibbus...... 90 sealei, Prognichthys...... 31 sexfasciatus, Caranx...... 56 Scarus globiceps...... 91 Seamoths...... 36 sexguttata, Valenciennea...... 104 Scarus japanensis...... 90 sebae, Diacope...... 62 sexlineatus, Grammistes...... 47 Scarus psittacus...... 91 sebae, Lutjanus...... 62 sexmaculata, Cephalopholis...... 44 Scarus scaber...... 92 sebae, Ostracion...... 120 seychellense, Sargocentron...... 35 Scarus sordidus...... 90 Sebastapistes mauritiana...... 41 seychellensis, Anarchias...... 14 Scarus venosus...... 91 Sebastapistes nuchalis...... 41 seychellensis, Myripristis...... 33, 34 sceleratus, Lagocephalus...... 122 Sebastapistes tinkhami...... 41 seychellensis, Stanulus...... 97 sceleratus, Tetrodon...... 122 sebreei, Eviota...... 101 Seychelles blenny...... 97 Schooling bannerfish...... 74 seheli, Moolgarda...... 30 Seychelles moray...... 14 Schooling coachman...... 74 Selar coulisou...... 58 Seychelles soldier...... 33 schultzi, Corythoichthys...... 37 Selar crumenophthalmus...... 58 Seychelles squirrelfish...... 35 schwenkii, Pempheris...... 70 semicinctus, Amblygobius...... 99 Shadowfin soldier...... 33 Sciaena cinerascens...... 71 semicinctus, Leiuranus...... 19 Shads...... 21 Sciaena rubra...... 35 Semicircle angelfish...... 75 Shaggy angler...... 28 Sciaenidae...... 67 semicirculatus, Pomacanthus...... 75 Shark remora...... 54 Sciaenops ocellatus...... 67 semidiscus, Hologymnosus...... 86 Sharp-fin barracuda...... 110 Scissortail...... 104 semidoliata, Priolepis...... 103 Sharpnose sevengill shark...... 11 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 163

Sharpsnout snake eel...... 18 simulans, Chromis...... 79 Soldier bream...... 65 Sharptail mola...... 124 Siphamia mossambica...... 53 Soldierfishes...... 33 Sharptooth cardinalfish...... 52 sirm, Amblygaster...... 21 Sole...... 114 Sharptooth jobfish...... 63 Sixbar wrasse...... 89 Solea borbonica...... 115 Shirt-tooth cardinalfish...... 52 Sixblotch rockcod...... 44 Soleichthys tubifera...... 115 Shoemaker spinefoot...... 106 Sixspot goby...... 104 Soleidae...... 114 Short dragonfish...... 36 Sixspot hind...... 44 Solenostomidae...... 38 Shortbelly eel...... 18 Sixstripe soapfish...... 47 Solenostomus cyanopterus...... 38 Shortbill spearfish...... 113 Skipjack tuna...... 112 Solenostomus paradoxus...... 38 Shortbodied blenny...... 96 Skunkfish...... 47 Soles...... 114 Shortdorsal cutthroat eel...... 18 Sky emperor...... 66 songoro, Seriola...... 58 Shortfin eel...... 13 Sleek unicornfish...... 108 sonnerati, Cephalopholis...... 44 Shortfin mako...... 8 Sleeper sharks...... 10 sordidus, Abudefduf...... 77 Shorttail pipefish...... 37 Sleepers...... 98 sordidus, Chlorurus...... 90 Shoulderbar soldierfish...... 33 Slender fusilier...... 63 sordidus, Dilobomycterus...... 120 Shoulderspot goby...... 101 Slender grouper...... 43 sordidus, Glyphisodon...... 77 Sickle pomfret...... 59 Slender pearlfish...... 26 sordidus, Plectorhinchus...... 65 Sicklefishes...... 71 Slender rockcod...... 43 sordidus, Scarus...... 90 Sicydium lagocephalum...... 103 Slender sweeper...... 70 sorrah, Carcharhinus...... 10 Sicydium laticeps...... 103 Slender tuna...... 111 souleyeti, Julis...... 89 Sicyopterus lagocephalus...... 103 Slender unicornfish...... 109 Southern platyfish...... 32 Sideburn wrasse...... 88 Slender worm-eel...... 19 Spaghetti eels...... 14 Siderea grisea...... 16 Slenderspine grouper...... 47 Spangled emperor...... 67 Siderea pantherina...... 17 Slimy...... 59 Spare royal...... 65 Sidespot goatfish...... 69 Slimy goby...... 100 Spare soldat...... 65 sieboldi, Pristipomoides...... 63 Slingjaw wrasse...... 85 Sparidae...... 65 sieboldii, Pristipomoides...... 63 Sliteye shark...... 10 sparoides, Abudefduf...... 77 Siebold’s jobfish...... 63 Slopefishes...... 43 sparoides, Glyphisodon...... 77 Sigan cordonnier...... 106 Slow dragonet...... 97 Sparus sarba...... 65 Sigan marguerite...... 105 Smallfin gulper shark...... 11 Spearfish remora...... 54 Sigan sombre...... 105 Smallscale bonefish...... 13 speciosus, Gnathanodon...... 57 Sigan vermiculé...... 105 Smallscale grubfish...... 93 Speckled grouper...... 45 Siganidae...... 105 Small-spotted pompano...... 58 Speckled maori wrasse...... 88 Siganus argenteus...... 105 Smalltooth emperor...... 66 Speckled sandperch...... 92 Siganus laqueus...... 105 Smalltooth sawfish...... 11 speckled snapper...... 61 Siganus luridus...... 105 smithae, Canthigaster...... 122 Speckled squirrelfish...... 35 Siganus oramin...... 106 smithi, Bathygobius...... 100 Spectacled filefish...... 118 Siganus spinus...... 105 Smooth angler...... 28 speculum, Priacanthus...... 50 Siganus stellatus...... 105 Smooth-hound sharks...... 8 speigleri, Callyodon...... 91 Siganus stellatus laqueus...... 105 Smoothscale goby...... 102 Sphyraena acutipinnis...... 110 Siganus sutor...... 106 Snake blennies...... 27 Sphyraena barracuda...... 110 signata, Amoya...... 99 Snake blenny...... 97 Sphyraena chrysotaenia...... 110 signifer, Iracundus...... 39 Snake eels...... 18 Sphyraena commersoni...... 110 sihama, Sillago...... 53 Snake mackerel...... 110 Sphyraena dussumieri...... 110 Silky shark...... 9 Snake mackerels...... 110 Sphyraena obtusa...... 110 Sillaginidae...... 53 Snappers...... 60 Sphyraena obtusata...... 110 Sillago sihama...... 53 Snipe eels...... 21 Sphyraenidae...... 110 Sillagos...... 53 Snooty wrasse...... 84 Sphyraenops bairdianus...... 53 Silver lightfish...... 24 Snowflake moray...... 14 Sphyrna lewini...... 10 Silver moony...... 71 Snowflake soapfish...... 48 Sphyrna mokarran...... 10 Silver pearlfish...... 26 Snubnose emperor...... 66 Sphyrna zygaena...... 10 Silver rabbitfish...... 105 Snubnose grouper...... 45 Sphyrnidae...... 10 Silver sillago...... 53 Snubnose pompano...... 58 spiloparaea, Cephalopholis...... 44 Silversides...... 30 Snub-nosed eel...... 18 spilostylus, Cyclichthys...... 123 Silverspot squirrelfish...... 34 snyderi, Pristiapogon...... 53 spilotes, Cossyphus...... 83 Silverstreak goldie...... 48 solandri, Acanthocybium...... 111 spilotoceps, Epinephelus...... 47 Silverstripe puffer...... 122 solandri, Canthigaster...... 122 spilotus, Istiblennius...... 96 Silvertip shark...... 8 solandri, Rexea...... 111 spilurus, Herklotsichthys...... 22 Simenchelys parasitica...... 18 Soldat couronné...... 35 spinarella, Cephalacanthus...... 38 164 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Spineblotch scorpionfish...... 41 squammipinnis, Anthias...... 49 strigosus, Acanthurus...... 108 Spinecheeks...... 67 Squaretail mullet...... 29 strigosus, Ctenochaetus...... 108 Spinefeet...... 105 Squaretail rabbitfish...... 105 Striped angler...... 28 spinidens, Cryptotomus...... 90 Squiggly blenny...... 95 Striped blanquillo...... 54 spinifer, Argyrops...... 65 Squirrelfishes...... 33 Striped bonito...... 112 spiniferum, Holocentrum...... 35 Stanulus seychellensis...... 97 Striped catfish...... 23 spiniferum, Sargocentron...... 35 Star puffer...... 121 Striped eel catfish...... 23 Spinner shark...... 9 Stareye lightfish...... 24 Striped goatfish...... 70 spinosissimus, Tylerius...... 123 Stareye parrotfish...... 90 Striped marlin...... 113 spinus, Siganus...... 105 Stargazer...... 92 Striped pygmy goby...... 101 Spiny blaasop...... 123 Stargazers...... 92 Striped rockskipper...... 94 Spiny flathead...... 42 Starry dragonet...... 97 Striped threadfin...... 68 Spiny seabat...... 29 Starry goby...... 99 Stripetail damsel...... 77 Spiny seahorse...... 37 Starry helmet gurnard...... 38 Stripetail tilefish...... 54 Spinycheek lanternfish...... 25 Starry triggerfish...... 115 strongylocephalus, Chlorurus...... 90 Spinyface soldierfish...... 34 Starryfin goby...... 99 Strongylura leiura...... 31 Spinyhead cardinal...... 53 Star-spotted grouper...... 45 Strophidon sathete...... 17 Splitfin perches...... 42 Star-spotted rabbitfish...... 105 Sufflamen bursa...... 117 Spot damsel...... 77 Steephead parrotfish...... 90 Sufflamen chrysopterum...... 117 Spotbase burrfish...... 123 Stegastes albifasciatus...... 81 Sufflamen fraenatum...... 117 Spotbelly toby...... 121 Stegastes fasciolatus...... 81 sulphureus, Upeneoides...... 70 Spotcheek emperor...... 67 Stegastes limbatus...... 81 sulphureus, Upeneus...... 70 Spotfin angler...... 28 Stegastes lividus...... 82 sulphureus, Uranoscopus...... 92 Spotfin burrfish...... 123 Stegastes luteobrunneus...... 81 Sunagocia otaitensis...... 42 Spotfin flyingfish...... 30 Stegastes nigricans...... 82 Sunfishes...... 124 Spotfin frogfish...... 28 Stegastes pelicieri...... 82 Sunrise goatfish...... 70 Spotfin lionfish...... 39 Stegastes punctatus...... 82 superciliosus, Alopias...... 8 Spottail coris...... 85 steindachneri, Taractichthys...... 59 supralateralis, Bolinichthys...... 25 Spottail shark...... 10 steinitzi, Amblyeleotris...... 98 Surge demoiselle...... 79 Spotted butterflyfish...... 72 steinitzi, Photoblepharon...... 32 Surge wrasse...... 89 Spotted croucher...... 38 stellans, Epinephelus...... 45 Surgeon grenadier...... 26 Spotted eagle ray...... 12 stellatus laqueus, Siganus...... 105 Surgeonfishes...... 106 Spotted fanfish...... 59 stellatus, Abalistes...... 115 surinamensis, Lobotes...... 64 Spotted filefish...... 119 stellatus, Arothron...... 121 susumi, Liopropoma...... 48 Spotted frillgoby...... 100 stellatus, Siganus...... 105 sutor, Amphacanthus...... 106 Spotted garden eel...... 21 stellatus, Synchiropus...... 97 sutor, Siganus...... 106 Spotted opah...... 26 Stenogobius polyzona...... 103 Swallowtail angelfish...... 75 Spotted pilchard...... 21 Sternoptychidae...... 23 Swallowtail hawkfish...... 76 Spotted sanddiver...... 92 Stethojulis albovittata...... 89 Sweepers...... 70 Spotted sandperch...... 92, 93 Stethojulis strigiventer...... 89 Sweetlips...... 64 Spotted sandsmelt...... 93 stigmaticus, Cirripectes...... 95 Swordfish...... 113 Spotted sardinella...... 21 Stingrays...... 12 Swordfishes...... 113 Spotted sharpnose...... 122 Stocky hawkfish...... 76 Symbolophorus rufinus...... 26 Spotted sicklefish...... 71 Stolephorus commersonii...... 21 Symphurus ocellatus...... 115 Spotted snake eel...... 19 Stonefishes...... 41 Symphysanodon sp...... 43 Spotted soapfish...... 48 Stonogobiops dracula...... 103 Symphysanodontidae...... 43 Spotted tinselfish...... 36 Stop-start damsel...... 80 Synagrops japonicus...... 42 Spotted toby...... 121 Stout moray...... 15 Synanceia brachio...... 41 Spotted unicornfish...... 108 Stout-body chromis...... 78 Synanceia horrida...... 41 Spratelloides delicatulus...... 22 Streaky rockcod...... 45 Synanceia verrucosa...... 41 Springeratus polyporatus...... 93 Streamlined spinefoot...... 105 Synanceiidae...... 41 Spurcheek cardinal...... 53 Striated frogfish...... 28 Synaphobranchidae...... 18 Squale pygmée...... 10 Striated surgeonfish...... 108 Synaphobranchus affinis...... 18 Squalidae...... 11 striatus, Antennarius...... 28 Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis...... 18 Squalus asper...... 11 striatus, Ctenochaetus...... 108 Synchiropus stellatus...... 97 Squalus fernandinus...... 11 striatus, Entomacrodus...... 96 Syngnathe...... 37 Squalus megalops...... 11 striatus, Pseudoscarus...... 90 Syngnathidae...... 36 squamiceps, Psenes...... 113 strigata, Valenciennea...... 104 Synodontidae...... 24 squamipinnis, Pseudanthias...... 49 strigiventer, Stethojulis...... 89 Synodus binotatus...... 24 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 165

Synodus dermatogenys...... 24 Tetrapturus angustirostris...... 113 Thynnus thynnus...... 112 Synodus variegatus...... 24, 25 Tetrapturus audax...... 113 Thynnus vulgaris...... 112 Synodus varius...... 25 Tetrarogidae...... 41 Thyrsitoides marleyi...... 111 Tetrodon immaculatus...... 120 Thyrsoidea bullata...... 16 tabaccaria, Fistularia...... 38 Tetrodon sceleratus...... 122 Thyrsoidea grisea...... 16 Taenianotus triacanthus...... 41 Tetrosomus concatenatus...... 120 Thyrsoidea macrura...... 18 taenianotus, Ablabys...... 41 Teuthis fuscescens...... 106 Thyrsoidea tile...... 17 taeniatus, Aspidontus...... 94 Thalassoma amblycephalum...... 89 Thysanophrys chiltonae...... 42 taeniatus, Malacanthus...... 54 Thalassoma genivittatum...... 89 Thysanophrys otaitensis...... 42 taeniophorus, Apogon...... 53 Thalassoma hardwicke...... 89 tiere, Sargocentron...... 35 taeniophorus, Ostorhinchus...... 53 Thalassoma hebraicum...... 89 tiereoides, Sargocentron...... 36 taeniopterus, Pristiapogon...... 53 Thalassoma mascarenum...... 89 Tiger cardinal...... 51 taeniourus, Novaculichthys...... 87 Thalassoma melanochir...... 89 Tiger moray...... 15 Taeniura melanospilos...... 12 Thalassoma purpureum...... 89 Tiger reef-eel...... 17 Taeniura meyeni...... 12 Thalassoma quinquevittatum...... 89 Tiger shark...... 10 taeniurus, Dules...... 50 Thalassoma trilobatum...... 89 Tiger snake eel...... 19 taeniurus, Novaculichthys...... 87 Thamnaconus fajardoi...... 119 Tiger snake-moray...... 17 Tail-barred parrotfish...... 91 Thamnaconus modestoides...... 119 tigrina, Scuticaria...... 17 Tail-light lanternfish...... 25 Thazard...... 111 tigrinus, Chilomycterus...... 123 Tailring surgeonfish...... 106 Thazard blanc...... 60 tigrinus, Uropterygius...... 17 Tailspot squirrelfish...... 34 Thazard rayé...... 112 Tilapia...... 77 Takifugu oblongus...... 123 thazard, Auxis...... 111 Tilapia zillii...... 77 Talang queenfish...... 57 Thazard-batard...... 111 tile, Ptercaesio...... 64 Tamarin à bandes noires...... 86 Therapon jarbua...... 50 tile, Thyrsoidea...... 17 Tamarin vert...... 86 thetidis, Dasyatis...... 12 Tilefishes...... 53 Tambour rouge...... 67 Thin sand-eel...... 20 tinkhami, Sebastapistes...... 41 Tan bristlemouth...... 23 Thintail thresher...... 8 Tinselfishes...... 36 Tanichthys albonubes...... 23 thompsoni, Acanthurus...... 107 Tire bourre...... 49 Tank goby...... 101 Thon banane...... 111 Titan triggerfish...... 115 tapeinosoma, Naso...... 108 Thon batard...... 112 tol, Chorinemus...... 58 tapeinosoma, Plagiotremus...... 97 Thon blanc...... 112 Toma...... 63 Taractichthys steindachneri...... 59 Thon dents à chien...... 112 Tomato grouper...... 44 tarapacana, Mobula...... 12 Thon élégant...... 111 Tomato hind...... 44 Tarpon grande écaille...... 13 Thon gros yeux...... 112 Tomato rockcod...... 44 Tarpon indo-pacifique...... 13 Thon jaune...... 112 Tongareva goby...... 100 Tarpons...... 13 Thonine orientale...... 112 tongarevae, Cabillus...... 100 tauensis, Chalixodytes...... 92 Thornfish...... 50 Tongole...... 86 Taupe bleu...... 8 Thornfishes...... 50 Tongue soles...... 115 tauvina, Epinephelus...... 47 Thorntail stingray...... 12 Torpedinidae...... 12 Tawny nurse shark...... 11 thorpei, Rhabdosargus...... 66 Torpedo fuscomaculata...... 12 Teardrop butterflyfish...... 72 Threadfin butterflyfish...... 71 Torpedo marmorata...... 12 teira, Platax...... 105 Threadfin pursemouth...... 64 Trachinocephalus myops...... 25 telfairii, Agonostomus...... 29 Threadfins...... 67 Trachinotus baillonii...... 58 temminckii, Aulacocephalus...... 43 Threeband cardinalfish...... 51 Trachinotus blochii...... 58 tennentii, Acanthurus...... 107 Threeribbon wrasse...... 89 Trachipteridae...... 26 Tenpounder...... 13 Threespot angelfish...... 74 Trachipterus jacksonensis...... 26 Tenpounders...... 13 Threespot dascyllus...... 80 Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus...... 37 tentacularis, Pontinus...... 39 Threespot gourami...... 114 trachys, Ostracion...... 120 tenuis, Yirrkala...... 20 Threetooth puffer...... 120 tractus, Aspidontus...... 94 Terapon jarbua...... 50 Threetooth pufferfishes...... 120 tragula, Upeneus...... 70 Terapontidae...... 50 Thresher sharks...... 8 Trembleur...... 12 teres, Caesio...... 63 Thryssa baelama...... 21 triacanthus, Taenianotus...... 41 ternatensis, Chromis...... 79 Thumbprint emperor...... 66 Triaenodon obesus...... 10 Tetragonoptrus auriga...... 71 thunnina, Thynnus...... 112 Triakidae...... 8 Tetragonoptrus fasciatus...... 72 Thunnus alalunga...... 112 Triangular boxfish...... 120 Tetragonoptrus kleini...... 72 Thunnus albacares...... 112 trichipterus, Pteraclis...... 59 Tetragonoptrus vittatus...... 73 Thunnus obesus...... 112 Trichiuridae...... 111 tetragonus, Ostracion...... 119 thynnoides, Naso...... 109 Trichiurus lepturus...... 111 Tetraodontidae...... 120 Thynnus thunnina...... 112 Trichiurus savala...... 111 166 s t u tt g a rt e r b e i tr ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Trichogaster trichopterus...... 114 Twobar anemonefish...... 78 urodeta, Epinephelus...... 44 Trichonotidae...... 92 Twobar humbug...... 80 urolampus, Idiolychnus...... 25 Trichonotus setiger...... 92 Twobar seabream...... 65 Uropterygius concolor...... 18 trichopterus, Trichogaster...... 114 Two-barred goatfish...... 69 Uropterygius macrocephalus...... 18 trichrourus, Pomacentrus...... 81 Twospot basslet...... 48 Uropterygius marmoratus...... 18 tricolor, Ptereleotris...... 104 Twospot hawkfish...... 75 Uropterygius tigrinus...... 17 tridactylus, Salarias...... 94 Twospot hogfish...... 83 Uropterygius unicolor...... 18 trifascialis, Chaetodon...... 73 Twospot lizardfish...... 24 Uropterygius xanthopterus...... 18 trifasciatus, Amphiprion...... 78 Twospot pygmy goby...... 100 trifasciatus, Chaetodon...... 73 Twospot wrasse...... 88 Vagabond butterflyfish...... 73 trifasciatus, Mullus...... 69 Twostripe blenny...... 97 vagabundus, Chaetodon...... 73 trifasciatus, Parupeneus...... 69 Twostripe goby...... 103 Vagrant moray...... 15 Triggerfishes...... 115 Twotone wrasse...... 89 vaigiensis, Abudefduf...... 77 Triglidae...... 41 Two-wing flyingfish...... 31 vaigiensis, Ellochelon...... 29 trilobatum, Thalassoma...... 89 Tylerius spinosissimus...... 123 vaigiensis, Kyphosus...... 71 trilobatus, Cheilinus...... 84 Tylosurus crocodilus...... 32 vaigiensis, Leptoscarus...... 91 trilobatus, Julis...... 89 Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator...... 32 vaigiensis, Lutjanus...... 61 trimaculatus, Apolemichthys...... 74 typus, Histiopterus...... 75 Valamugil robustus...... 30 trimaculatus, Dascyllus...... 80 typus, Oxycirrhites...... 76 Valenciennea helsdingenii...... 103 trimaculatus, Holacanthus...... 74 typus, Pristipomoides...... 63 Valenciennea sexguttata...... 104 Triodon bursarius...... 120 typus, Rhincodon...... 11 Valenciennea strigata...... 104 Triodon macropterus...... 120 Valenciennellus tripunctulatus...... 24 Triodontidae...... 120 Umbrina canariensis...... 67 valencienni, Choeroichthys...... 36 triostegus, Acanthurus...... 107 umbrinus, Chaunax...... 29 valenciennii, Doryichthys...... 36 Triplefins...... 93 umbrostigma, Julis...... 89 valentijni, Canthogaster...... 122 Triplespine deepwater cardinalfish...... 53 Undulated moray...... 17 valentini, Aulostomus...... 36 Tripletail wrasse...... 84 undulatus, Balistapus...... 115 valentini, Canthigaster...... 122 Tripletails...... 64 undulatus, Cheilinus...... 84 Vanderhorstia ornatissima...... 104 Tripterygiidae...... 93 undulatus, Gymnothorax...... 17 vanicolensis, Mulloides...... 68 Tripterygion minutus...... 93 undulatus, Lycodontis...... 17 vanicolensis, Mulloidichthys...... 68 Tripterygium fasciatum...... 93 unicolor, Epinephelus...... 44 vanicolensis, Pempheris...... 70 tripunctatum, Pomacentrus...... 81 unicolor, Gymnosarda...... 112 Vara-vara...... 61 tripunctulatus, Valenciennellus...... 24 unicolor, Naso...... 109 Variable chromis...... 79 triqueter, Ostracion...... 120 unicolor, Uropterygius...... 18 Variegated emperor...... 67 Trompette...... 38 Unicolour snake moray...... 18 Variegated lizardfish...... 25 Tropical carp-gudgeon...... 98 Unicorn leatherjacket...... 118 variegatus, Lethrinus...... 67 Tropical two-wing flyingfish...... 31 Unicornfishes...... 106 variegatus, Poecilophis...... 17 Trouts...... 23 unicornis, Naso...... 109 variegatus, Salmo...... 25 Truite arc-en-ciel...... 23 Uniform reef-eel...... 18 variegatus, Saurus...... 25 Trumpetfishes...... 36 unilineatus, Labrichthys...... 87 variegatus, Synodus...... 25 truncatus, Ctenochaetus...... 108 unimaculata, Chrysiptera...... 79 Variola albimarginata...... 49 Trunk-eyed moray...... 16 unimaculatus, Chaetodon...... 72 Variola louti...... 49 Trunkfish...... 124 unipinna, Caracanthus...... 39 variolosus, Cirripectes...... 94 Trygon pastinaca...... 12 Upeneoides sulphureus...... 70 varius, Gomphosus...... 85 tsirimenara, Epinephelus...... 46 Upeneus chryseredros...... 68 varius, Salmo...... 25 Tubelip wrasse...... 87 Upeneus cyprinoides...... 68 varius, Synodus...... 25 tuber, Naso...... 109 Upeneus flavolineatus...... 68 Veiled anglemouth...... 23 tuberculatus, Ostracion...... 109, 119 Upeneus lateristriga...... 69 velifer, Acanthurus...... 110 tuberosus, Naso...... 109 Upeneus mascareinsis...... 69 velifer, Zebrasoma...... 110 tubifera, Soleichthys...... 115 Upeneus sulphureus...... 70 velifera, Pteraclis...... 59 tukula, Epinephelus...... 47 Upeneus tragula...... 70 veliferum, Zebrasoma...... 110 Tunas...... 111 Upeneus vittatus...... 70 Venefica proboscidea...... 21 Turncoat hogfish...... 83 Uranoscopidae...... 92 venosa, Scorpaenopsis...... 40 Tusk goby...... 99 Uranoscopus archionema...... 92 venosus, Scarus...... 91 tutuilae, Enneapterygius...... 93 Uranoscopus oligolepis...... 92 ventralis, Pyramodon...... 26 Twinspot lionfish...... 39 Uranoscopus sulphureus...... 92 Vermiculate parrotfish...... 91 Twinspot snapper...... 61 Uraspis uraspis...... 58 Vermiculate wrasse...... 87 twisti, Anampses...... 82 urodelus, Epinephelus...... 44 verna, Eviota...... 101 twistii, Anampses...... 82 urodeta, Cephalopholis...... 44 verrucosa, Synanceia...... 41 fr i c k e e t a l i i , c h e c k l i s t o f f i s h s p e c i e s o f l a r é u n i o n 167 vespertilio, Platax...... 105 Vivaneau plate...... 62 Whitetail chromis...... 78 vidua, Melichthys...... 116 Vivaneau queue noire...... 61 Whitetail dascyllus...... 80 Vieille...... 47 Vivaneau rayé...... 62, 63 Whitetip reef shark...... 10 Vieille à bec pointu...... 84 Vivaneau rouge...... 60 White-tipped soldierfish...... 34 Vieille à selle noire...... 83 Vivaneau rouillé...... 60 Whitetongue jack...... 58 Vieille ananas...... 44 Vivaneau rubis...... 60 Widebar damsel...... 80 Vieille arlequin...... 44 Vivaneau tidents...... 60 Widehead sleeper...... 98 Vieille barbe noire...... 88 Vivanette queue jaune...... 62 wilsoni, Conger...... 20 Vieille chinois foncée...... 44 Viviparous brotulas...... 27 Witch eel...... 21 Vieille chocolat...... 43 vlamingi, Naso...... 109 Wrasses...... 82 Vieille ciseau...... 88 Voilier...... 113 Wrigglers...... 105 Vieille dorée...... 43 volitans, Corystion...... 38 Vieille étoilée...... 43 volitans, Exocoetus...... 31 Xanthichthys auromarginatus...... 117 Vieille fraise...... 44 volitans, Pterois...... 39 Xanthichthys lima...... 118 Vieille léopard...... 43 vulgaris, Acanthias...... 11 Xanthichthys lineopunctatus...... 118 Vieille lutre...... 47 vulgaris, Thynnus...... 112 xanthocephalus, Chaetodon...... 73 Vieille maori pointillée...... 88 vulpes, Albula...... 13 xanthochilus, Lethrinus...... 67 Vieille nègre...... 47 vulpinus, Alopias...... 8 xanthonota, Caesio...... 63 Vieille rayée...... 84 xanthonota, Labropsis...... 87 Vieille roga...... 43 Wahoo...... 111 xanthopterus, Acanthurus...... 108 Vieille six taches...... 44 wallacei, Bathycongrus...... 20 xanthopterus, Uropterygius...... 18 Vieille tachetée...... 84 wallacei, Rhechias...... 20 xanthozonus, Abudefduf...... 79 Vieille trilobé...... 84 Wallace’s conger eel...... 20 xanthura, Chromis...... 79 Vieille triple queue...... 84 warmingii, Ceratoscopelus...... 25 xanthura, Paracaesio...... 62 Vieux monde...... 87 Warming’s lanternfish...... 25 xanthurus, Apolemichthys...... 74 violacea, Dasyatis...... 12 Warthead goby...... 103 xanthurus, Caesio...... 62 violacea, Pteryplatytrygon...... 12 Waspfishes...... 41 xanthurus, Chromis...... 79 Violet-lined parrotfish...... 91 webbi, Neobrama...... 26 Xenisthmidae...... 105 Violon jarbua...... 50 weberi, Chromis...... 79 Xenisthmus africanus...... 105 Viper moray...... 15 Weber’s chromis...... 79 Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi...... 36 virescens, Aprion...... 60 Wedge picassofish...... 117 Xiphasia setifer...... 97 virescens, Halichoeres...... 86 Wedge-tailed wrasse...... 87 Xiphias gladius...... 113 viridescens, Balistoides...... 115 Weedy scorpionfish...... 40 Xiphias platypterus...... 113 viridis, Chromis...... 79 Western raggy scorpionfish...... 40 Xiphiidae...... 113 viridis, Pseudoscarus...... 90 Whale remora...... 54 Xiphophorus hellerii...... 32 vittata, Harengula...... 22 Whale shark...... 11 Xiphophorus maculatus...... 32 vittata, Myripristis...... 34 Whale sharks...... 11 xorae, Muraenichthys...... 20 vittatis, Julis...... 87 Whalesucker...... 54 xorae, Scolecenchelys...... 20 vittatus, Plectorhinchus...... 65 wheeleri, Amblyeleotris...... 99 Xyrichtys pavo...... 87 vittatus, Tetragonoptrus...... 73 wheeleri, Carcharhinus...... 9 Xyrichtys pentadactylus...... 90 vittatus, Upeneus...... 70 Whipsnout sorcerer...... 21 vitulus, Hexanchus...... 11 White kingfish...... 57 yaito, Euthynnus...... 112 Vivaneau à raies bleues...... 61 White trevally...... 57 yamashiroi, Pseudocoris...... 88 Vivaneau blanc...... 62 Whitebar gregory...... 81 Y-bar shrimp goby...... 100 Vivaneau bourgeois...... 62 White-blotched grouper...... 46 Yellow boxfish...... 119 Vivaneau chien rouge...... 61 Whitecloud mountain minnow...... 23 Yellow perch...... 48 Vivaneau commun...... 62 White-edged lyretail...... 49 Yellow striped snapper...... 61 Vivaneau des mangroves...... 60 whitei, Hippocampus...... 37 Yellowback anthias...... 48 Vivaneau du Bengale...... 60 whiteleggii, Cubiceps...... 113 Yellowback fusilier...... 63 Vivaneau écarlate...... 60 White-margined stargazer...... 92 Yellow-banded goatfish...... 70 Vivaneau églefin...... 61 Whitesaddle goatfish...... 68 Yellow-breasted wrasse...... 82 Vivaneau flamme...... 60 White-spotted boxfish...... 120 Yellow-dotted trevally...... 55 Vivaneau gibelot...... 61 White-spotted butterflyfish...... 72 Yellow-edged moray...... 16 Vivaneau gris...... 63 White-spotted devil...... 80 Yellowface triggerfish...... 116 Vivaneau grosse écaille...... 63 White-spotted goby...... 99 Yellowfin needlefish...... 31 Vivaneau job...... 60 White-spotted grouper...... 44 Yellowfin soldierfish...... 33 Vivaneau lantanier...... 60 White-spotted moray...... 16 Yellowfin surgeonfish...... 108 Vivaneau maori...... 61 White-spotted puffer...... 120 Yellowfin tuna...... 112 Vivaneau pagaie...... 61 White-spotted surgeonfish...... 106 Yellowhead butterflyfish...... 73 168 stuttgarter b e i t r ä g e z u r n a t u r k u n d e a Neue Serie 2

Yellowlip emperor...... 67 Yellow-wing flyingfish...... 30 zebra, Echidna...... 17 Yellow-margined moray;...... 16 Yirrkala tenuis...... 20 zebra, Gymnomuraena...... 15 Yellowsaddle goatfish...... 68 zebra, Ptereleotris...... 105 Yellowspot emperor...... 66 Z’amab...... 13, 14 zebra, Pterois...... 39 Yellow-spotted trevally...... 55 Zanclidae...... 106 Zebrasoma flavescens...... 110 Yellowstripe barracuda...... 110 Zanclus canescens...... 106 Zebrasoma gemmatum...... 109 Yellowstripe goatfish...... 68 Zanclus cornutus...... 106 Zebrasoma scopas...... 109 Yellow-striped squirrelfish...... 34 Z’anguille...... 13, 14 Zebrasoma velifer...... 110 Yellowtail amberjack...... 58 Zanzibar butterflyfish...... 73 Zigzag wrasse...... 86 Yellowtail blue snapper...... 62 zanzibarensis, Chaetodon...... 73 zillii, Tilapia...... 77 Yellowtail damsel...... 81 zanzibarensis, Hetereleotris...... 102 zonatus, Abudefduf...... 79 Yellowtail emperor...... 66 Zebra angelfish...... 75 zonatus, Pristipomoides...... 63 Yellowtail fusilier...... 62, 63 Zebra dartfish...... 105 zonatus, Serranus...... 63 Yellowtail goldie...... 48 Zebra humbug...... 80 zonipectis, Gymnothorax...... 17 Yellowtail mullet...... 29 Zebra lionfish...... 39 zoster, Hemitaurichthys...... 73 Yellowtail scad...... 55 Zebra moray...... 15 zygaena, Sphyrna...... 10 Yellowtail tamarin...... 82 Zebra turkeyfish...... 39 Yellow-tipped squirrelfish...... 35 zebra, Dendrochirus...... 39

Authors’ addresses: Dr. Ro n a l d Fr i c k e , Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] (address for correspondence) Dr. Th i e r r y Mu l o c h a u , Dr. Pa t r i c k Du r v i l l e , Aquarium de La Réunion, Port de Plaisance, 97434 Saint-Gilles les Bains, La Réunion, France; e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Pa s c a l e Ch a b a n e t , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 172, 97492 Sainte-Clotilde cedex, La Réunion, France; e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Emm a n u e l Te s s i e r , Association Parc Marin de La Réunion, 97436 Saint-Leu, La Réunion, France; e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Yv e s Le t o u r n e u r , Université de la Méditerranée, Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, UMR CNRS 6540, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France; e-mail: [email protected]

Manuscript received: 8.IX.2008, accepted: 25.XI.2008.