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ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides Chrysophrys) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن

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ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides Chrysophrys) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن A study on some biological aspects of longnose trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys) in Hormozgan waters Item Type monograph Authors Kamali, Easa; Valinasab, T.; Dehghani, R.; Behzadi, S.; Darvishi, M.; Foroughfard, H. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 10/10/2021 04:51:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40061 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﻳﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن ﻋﻨﻮان: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides chrysophrys) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻣﺠﺮي: ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 49023 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر- ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﻳﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز (Carangoides chrysophrys) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب ﭘﺮوژه : 2-75-12-92155 ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه/ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي / ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن : ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر(ان) : ﺳﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﻬﺰادي ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪ دروﻳﺸﻲ، ﺣﺠﺖ اﷲ ﻓﺮوﻏﻲ ﻓﺮد، ﺗﻮرج وﻟﻲﻧﺴﺐ، رﺿﺎ دﻫﻘﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور(ان) : - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ(ان) : - ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : 92/10/1 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 1 ﺳﺎل و 6 ﻣﺎه ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ، ﺟﺪاول ، ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ . «ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻃﺮح ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل / ﻣﺠﺮي» ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides chrysophrys) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻛﺪ ﻣﺼﻮب : 2-75-12-92155 ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ (ﻓﺮوﺳﺖ) : 49023 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ : 94/12/28 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ داراي ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ در رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن درﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ داوران ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ 21/10/94 ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑﺎ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺠﺮي در : ﺳﺘﺎد □ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه █ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ □ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺻﻴﺪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﻳﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت » ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ............................................................................................................... 1 1- ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ............................................................................................................ 2 2- ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ .................................................................................................... 7 1-2. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري .......................................................................................... 7 2-2. ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري .............................................................................. 7 3-2. ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ............................................................................... 8 4-2. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ............................................................................................15 5-2 . ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ رژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ..........................................................................................19 3- ﻧﺘﺎﻳــﺞ ...........................................................................................................21 1-3 . ﺳﻦ و رﺷﺪ در ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ....................................................................21 2-3 . ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ در ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ......................................................................29 3-3 . ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز .............................................................................44 4. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ...........................................................................................47 1-4 . رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ...................................................................................................47 2-4 . ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ....................................................................................................50 3-4 . رژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ .................................................................................................52 ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ...........................................................................................................53 ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ .................................................................................................................55 ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ..............................................................................................................57 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ....................................................................................................62 ر از و ه ز ه ز دراز .../ ١ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides chrysophrys ) در آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن از اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎه 1392 ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎ ل 1393 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ و در 14 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮر ﺗﺮال ﺻﻴﺪ و ﺟﻤ ﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ رﺷﺪ ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ و ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻃﻮل(ﻛﻞ و ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻟﻲ) و وزن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ، ﻛﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 376 ﻋ ﺪد ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد 194 ﻋﺪد ﻣﺎده و 137 ﻋﺪد ﻧﺮ و 45 ﻋﺪد ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﻃﻲ ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻦ /5 25 ﺗﺎ 80 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. راﺑﻄﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و وزن y = /0 0162 x /2 901 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر از ﻳﻚ رﺷﺪ اﻳﺰوﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد . ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮش /0 - - /0 266 ( t + /1 443 ) ﺳﻨﮓ ﮔﻮش اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Lt = 85( 1 – e ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز 412 0/ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻃﻮل ﺑﻠﻮغ ( LM50 ) و ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ ( TM 50% ) ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 46 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ و 2 ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 42/1 ﺑﻪ 1 ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار را ﻧﺸﺎن داد( P<0.05 ). ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﻤﺎوري ﻣﻄﻠﻖ 126± 479992 ﺗﺨﻤﻚ در ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ﻣﺎه و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﻤﺎوري ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 13± 385 ﺗﺨﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮم از وزن ﺑﺪن در ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎه ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻫﻤﺎوري ﻣﻄﻠﻖ 219± 98247 در آﺑﺎن و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻫﻤﺎوري ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 23± 125 ﺗﺨﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮم از وزن ﺑﺪن در ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺎه ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻨﺎدي GSI ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺎده در ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻨﺎدي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ﻣﺎه (86/2 ) و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه 1393 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (43/0 ). ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده و از دي ﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ اوج ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز از ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻛﻢ ﺧﻮر ﺑﻮد(CV = 65 /49 ). ﻏﺬاي اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ، ﻣﺎﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ( Fp = 91/67 ) و ﻏﺬاي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﺎن ( Fp = 4/17 ) ( ﻣﻴﮕﻮ، ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ و ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻚ) و ﻧﺮﻣﺘﻨﺎن ( Fp = 4/17 ) ( ) ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ، اﺳﻜﻮﻳﻴﺪ) ﺑﻮد. ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ، ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ، ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي ، ﻃﻮل ﺑﻠﻮغ ، ﻫﻢ آوري ، ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ و اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ٢ / ارش ح -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪ، آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻴﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در درآﻣﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ. ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺗﺠﺎري ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ( Biswas,1993 ). ). ﻧﻴﺎز روز اﻓﺰون ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻮﻗﻮع ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪد، ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ ﻣﺮدم را ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ آﺑﻲ در ﭘﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺎس در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ درﻳﺎي آزاد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺻﻴﺎدان ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻴﺪ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﺗﻼش ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن، ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺻﻴﺎدي و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺻﻴﺎدي، ﺻﻴﺪ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن را در ﭘﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻓ ﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ و ﺑﻘﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ(ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ، 1386 ). ). در آﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (وﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺐ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1384 ). ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻫﺎي دﻗﻴﻘﻲ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ذﺧﺎ ﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ. از اﻳﻦ رو ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ در ﺗﻼش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻳﻲ را اراﺋﻪ دﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺟﺮاي ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن، ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺮ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﻲ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داده و ﺣﺘﻲ اﻻﻣﻜﺎن زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اي را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و ﭘﺮورش و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورﻧﺪ. زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﻴﻖ رﻓﺘ ﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( White et al., 2003 ). ﭘﺎره اي از اﻳﻦ زﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ اي، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﻴﺮ و ﻧﺮخ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و ﭘﺮورش و ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ( White et al., 2003 ). ). ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ داراي ﺗﻨﻮع ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي از روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺎﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻌﻲ در ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن اﻳﻦ روﺷﻬﺎ دارﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ، داﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔ ﺎﻣﺖ و اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Potts and ). ( Wootton, 1994 ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ، ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ از ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ،اﻣﺎ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ داراي ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه در آب ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً داراي ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻻروي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ. ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه از ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدي ﭼﺮﺑﻲ دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺨﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﻳﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ آ ن ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ و در ﻃﻲ زﻣﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ، ﻻروﻫﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪ ( Hoar et al., 1993 ). در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ و ﻳﺎ آب ﺷﻮر درﻳﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺎره، زﻣﺎن ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺎوت در زﻣﺎن ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي در ﺑﻴﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ دﻳﺪ ه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺪي درﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ وﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ﭼﺮﺧﻪ اي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﺘﻮﭘﺮﻳﻮد و دﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (ﺣﺴﻴﻦ زاده ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻲ، 1380 ). ر از و ه ز ه ز دراز .../ ٣ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ و ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮد. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ آﺑﺰي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راﻫﮕﺸﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮي در ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار از ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻼش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣ ﺎﻫﻲ، رﺷﺪ و رژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides chrysophrys ) ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﻳﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدد. رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز(ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ) در رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ( www.Fishbase.org ,2014 ). ). Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Subphylum : Vertebrata Superclass : Gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates) Class : Actinopterygii Order : perciformes Family : Carangidae Genus : Carangoides Species : Carangoides chrysophrys ﺷﻜﻞ 1 : ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ( Carangoides chrysophrys ) ٤ / ارش ح ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ : ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه ﺻﺎف ﻳﺎ ﮔﻴﺶ ﭘﻮزه دراز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ را ﻣﻘﻮا ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ .
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