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Baseline Study of Metals in Selected Local Market Fishes and Invertebrates from the Western Huon Gulf, PNG

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Baseline Study of Metals in Selected Local Market Fishes and Invertebrates from the Western Huon Gulf, PNG Baseline Study of Metals in Selected Local Market Fishes and Invertebrates from the Western Huon Gulf, PNG Final Report Prepared for Wafi-Golpu Joint Venture (WGJV) Neira Marine Sciences Consulting (Marscco) December 2020 Baseline Study of Metals in Selected Local Market Fishes and Invertebrates from the Western Huon Gulf, PNG Final Report Prepared for Wafi-Golpu Joint Venture (WGJV) by Neira Marine Sciences Consulting (Marscco) ABN 63 611 453 621 Francis J. Neira, PhD Blackmans Bay, Tasmania Australia [email protected] December 2020 CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 7 Background.................................................................................................................................. 7 Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 8 Key findings ............................................................................................................................... 11 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 16 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Previous market fish studies ............................................................................................... 17 1.3 Scope of work ...................................................................................................................... 17 2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 18 2.1 Fish sample collection ......................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Source of fish samples ........................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Selected market fish species .................................................................................. 18 2.1.3 Fish identifications ................................................................................................. 18 2.1.4 Fish morphological and biological data ................................................................. 19 2.1.5 Sampling of fish tissues .......................................................................................... 21 2.1.6 Sampling of fish otoliths......................................................................................... 22 2.2 Sampling of invertebrate species ........................................................................................ 22 2.3 Laboratory analysis.............................................................................................................. 23 2.3.1 Chain of custody ..................................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 Metal analysis ........................................................................................................ 23 2.3.3 Quality assurance and quality control ................................................................... 24 2.4 Statistical metrics ................................................................................................................ 25 2.5 Metals recommended standards/generally expected levels .............................................. 25 2.5.1 Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) ................................................... 25 2.5.2 Treatment of Arsenic (As) concentration data ...................................................... 28 3 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Bony fishes (Class Actinopterygii) ....................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Family Nemipteridae – Threadfin breams ............................................................. 29 3.1.2 Family Lutjanidae – Tropical snappers ................................................................... 33 3.1.3 Family Carangidae – Trevallies ............................................................................... 36 3.1.4 Family Muraenesocidae – Pike congers ................................................................. 39 3.1.5 Family Serranidae – Groupers, rockcods ............................................................... 40 MARSCCO: Final Report Baseline Metals Study in Fishes and Invertebrates – Huon Gulf, PNG Page 2 3.1.6 Family Eleotridae – Gudgeons ............................................................................... 41 3.1.7 Family Mugilidae – Mullets .................................................................................... 42 3.2 Crustaceans (Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda) ........................................................... 43 3.2.1 Family Portunidae – swimming crabs .................................................................... 43 3.3 Molluscs (Class Bivalvia) ...................................................................................................... 44 3.3.1 Family Lucinidae – Lucinas ..................................................................................... 44 3.4 Metals – Fishes .................................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 Arsenic (As) ............................................................................................................ 45 3.4.2 Cadmium (Cd) ........................................................................................................ 46 3.4.3 Chromium (Cr) ........................................................................................................ 47 3.4.4 Copper (Cu) ............................................................................................................ 48 3.4.5 Lead (Pb) ................................................................................................................ 49 3.4.6 Mercury (Hg) .......................................................................................................... 50 3.4.7 Nickel (Ni) ............................................................................................................... 51 3.4.8 Selenium (Se) ......................................................................................................... 52 3.4.9 Zinc (Zn) .................................................................................................................. 53 3.4.10 Comparisons with FSANZ Standard and GELs – fishes ......................................... 54 3.5 Metals – Invertebrates ........................................................................................................ 56 3.5.1 Giant mud crab – Sylla serrata (Crustacea) ........................................................... 56 3.5.2 Mangrove mud clam – Anodontia edentula (Mollusca) ........................................ 57 3.5.3 Comparisons with FSANZ Standard and GELs – crustaceans and molluscs ........... 58 4 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................... 60 4.1 Metals in representative market fishes .............................................................................. 60 4.2 Variability in baseline metal concentrations ....................................................................... 61 4.2.1 Fishes ...................................................................................................................... 61 4.2.2 Crustaceans – giant mud crabs .............................................................................. 65 4.2.3 Molluscs – mangrove mud clams ........................................................................... 66 4.3 Comparisons with FSANZ Standards and FSANZ GELs ........................................................ 66 4.3.1 Market fishes ......................................................................................................... 66 4.3.2 Giant mud crabs ..................................................................................................... 68 4.3.3 Mangrove mud clams............................................................................................. 69 4.4 Key findings ......................................................................................................................... 69 4.4.1 Fish species tested ................................................................................................. 69 4.4.2 Metal concentrations in fish tissues ...................................................................... 70 4.4.3 Metal concentrations in mud crab tissues ............................................................. 73 4.4.3 Metal concentrations in mud clams .....................................................................
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