click for previous page - 38 - BONY FISHES LACTARIIDAE Lactarius lactarius (Bloch Schneider, 1801) Synonyms Lactarius delicatulus Valenciennes, 1833 Loc. names : Bukko (Sin); chilanker (Bal) White milkfish (En) FAO names : En - False trivially Fr - Péliau chanos Sp - Pagapa Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 30 cm Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls, seines and traps Habitat and biology : Found in various types of habitats, usually in waters shallower than 100 m. Feeds on bottom- living organisms Interest to fisheries : A popular fish, sold fresh or dried salted. The reported catches from Pakistan totalled 650 t in 1982 (FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1982) RACHYCENTRIDAE Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Synonyms : None Loc. names : Sanghra, Aangh (Sin); Sanglor (Bal) Black kingfish (En) FAO names : En - Cobia Fr - Mafou Sp - Cobia Size : Max.: 200 cm; common to 110 cm Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom trawls, driftnets and floating gillnets Habitat and biology : This is an essentially pelagic species, sometimes occurring over shallow coral reefs and off rocky shores; also in estuaries. Feeds on crabs, squid, fishes and sea snakes. Sexually ripe specimens found in March and April along the Baluchistan coast. Interest to fisheries : A rather common species, with a very delicate flesh, usually sold fresh, or dry-salted for export to Sri Lanka. The catches reported in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range from 606 t (1980) to 1 971 t (1982), with an average of 1 231 t ECHENEIDIDAE Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 dorsal view of head Synonyms : None showing cephalic disc Loc. names : Masi (Sin); Li-ching (Bal) remora (En) FAO names : En - Live sharksucker Fr - Rémora commun Sp - Pegatimón Size : Max.: to more than 75 cm Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines, but more often captured attached to the body of its host Habitat and biology : Formed in shallow, coastal waters, often free-swimming but will attach temporarily to a wide range of host such as sharks, seaturtles and ships. Feeds mainly on food scraps of the host species Interest to fisheries : Of little commercial interest, but sometimes taken in coastal fisheries along with other species, and sold in local markets - 39 - BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Trachinotus Atropus Decapterus Caranx Scomberoides Examples of body shapes Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar, Seem, etc. (Sin); Pattar, Kakkawan, Gishran, Seem, etc. (Bal) FAO names : En - Jacks, trevallies, scads, runners, amberjacks, pompanos, pomfrets Fr - Carangues, cordonniers, pompanos, comères, castagnolines Sp - Jureles, pampanos , macarelas , palometones, palometas Size : Some species may exceed 200 cm Fishing gear : They are caught with trawls, purse seines, traps and on line gear Habitat and biology : This family covers a large number of species with rather different habitats and behaviour. Some species are pelagic and schooling, some, especially the juveniles, are found in estuaries and brackish waters, some are oceanic, found far offshore. Interest to fisheries : This is one of the most important families of commercial fishes, often occurring in large quantities, their flesh being highly appreciated. Marketed mostly fresh. The only carangid fishes identified separately for reported purposes by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83), are species of Scomberoides , catches of which range from 92 t (1983) to 9 106 t (1979). However, these figures probably also included other carangid species - 40 - BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Synonyms Atlantic Ocean: Alectis crinitus ( Mitchill, 1826) or Blepharis crinitus Mitchill, 1826) Hawaii: Carangoides ajax Snyder, 1904 Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Siah-pattar, Ushtar, Banzali (juv.)(Bal) young of 13 cm Thread-finned trivially (En) standard length FAO names : En - African pompano Fr - Cordonnier fil Sp - Pampano de hebra Size : Mar.: (possible) 150 cm total length; com- mon to 100 cm Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line (adults), with beach seines (juveniles and in trawls) Habitat and biology : Solitary, found in coastal waters to about 100 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic and drifting. Feeds mainly on slow- swimming or sedentary crustaceans Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830) PLATE IV, 22 Synonyms : None young Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Ushtar , Safay-pattar (Bal) Indian threadfinned trevally (En) FAO names : En - Indian threadfish Fr - Cordonnier plume Sp - Pampano indico Size : Mar.: 150 cm (total length) Fishing gear : Taken on hook and line (adults), in beach seines (juveniles) and in bottom tram Is. An appreciated sportsfish Habitat and biology : Adults are reported to form large schools, mainly in coastal maters. Juveniles are usually solitary and often enter estuaries. Feeds on fish, small squid and crustaceans PLATE IV, 23 Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775) Synonyms : Atule djedaba (Forsskål 1775) Caranx djedaba (Forsskål, 1775) Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Bakoi (Bal) FAO names . En - Shrimp scad Fr - Sélar subari Sp - Jurel subari Size : Max.: 29 cm (fork length) Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and on hook and line Habitat and biology : Occurs in coastal maters, around reefs as well as in more turbid areas. Often forming large schools. Feeds on invertebrates (crustaceans and copepods), the larger specimens also on small fish - 41 - BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839 Synonyms Caranx malam (Bleeker, 1851) Alepes malam (Bleeker, 1851) Caranx nigripinnis Day, 1876 Caranx pectoralis Chan, 1968 Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Kakawan pattar (Bal) FAO names : En - Blackfin scad Fr - Sélar aile noire Sp - Jurel alinegro Size : Max.: 21 cm (fork length) Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls and on hook and line Habitat and biology : Found in inshore waters. Feeds on shrimp, copepods and other small invertebrates Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833) Synonyms Caranx macrurus (Bleeker, 1852) Alepes macrurus (Bleeker, 1852) Alepes qlabra Fowler, 1904 Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Kakaan pattar (Bal) FAO names : En - Herring scad Fr - Sélar harangule Sp - Jurel arenque Size : Max.: 46 cm (fork length) Fishing gear : Caught in trawls and on hook and line Habitat and biology : Common in shallow coastal waters. Feeds on shrimps, copepodes, decapod crustaceans and small fishes Atropus atropos (Schneider, 1801) Synonyms : None Loc. names : Mori, Pattal (Sin); Pattar (Bal) Kuwehs (En) FAO names : En -Cleftbelly trevally Fr - Pompano à quille noire Sp - Pampano de quilla Size : Mar.: 23 cm (fork length); possibly to 30 cm Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, often swim- ming near the surface. Feeds on shrimps, copepods, decapod crustaceans and small fishes underside of belly - 42 - BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833) Synonyms Caranx mate Cuvier, 1833 Caranx affinis Rüppell, 1836 Decametres politus (Jenkins, 1904) Decapterus lundini Jordan Seale, 1906 Decapterus normani Bertin Dollfus, 1948 Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Pattar (Bal) One-finlet scad, King fish (En) FAO names : En - Yellowtail scad Fr - Selar queue jaune Sp - Jurel rabo amarillo Size : Max.: 28 cm (fork length); common to 26 cm Fishing gear : Caught in trawls, on hook and line and various types of artisanal gear Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in shal- low coastal waters to about 50 m depth. Feeds on crustaceans and cephalopods Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830) Synonyms : Caranx caeruleopinnatus Rüppell, 1830 Carangoides altissimus Jordan Seale, 1907 Caranx formosanus Jordan Snyder, 1910 Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal) FAO names : En - Coastal trevally Fr - Carangue côtière Sp - Jurel costero Size : Max.: 36 cm (fork length) Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and line, in gillnets and traps Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, but rarely close to the shore; also found in deeper reef areas. A rather sluggish fish Carangoides chrysophrys ( Cuvier, 1833) PLATE V, 25 Synonyms Caranx chrysophrys Cuvier, 1833 Carangoides chrysophryoides Bleeker, 1851 Caranx typus Gilchrist Thompson, 1917 Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal) Dusky trevally (En) FAO names : En - Longnose trevally Fr - Carangue tapir Sp - Jurel tapir Size : Max.: 60 cm (total length) Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, in bottom trawls, with gillnets and traps Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to about 60 m depth, juveniles in estuaries - 43 - BONY FISHES CARANGIDAE Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775) PLATE V, 26 Synonyms Caranx ferdau (Forsskål, 1775) Carangoides hemigymnostethus Bleeker, 1857, Caranx gilberti Jordan Seale, 1906 Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar, Gal-bat (Bal) Ferdaus trevally (Eh) FAO names : En - Blue trevally Fr - Carangue tachetée Sp - Jurel manchado Size : Mar.: 70 cm (total length) Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls, on hook and line, with gillnets and in traps Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, especially over sandy bottoms, to about 60 m depth. Feeds on prawns, crabs and small fish Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Synonyms : Caranx fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Turrum emburyi Whitley, 1932 Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Kakawan (Bal) FAO names : En - Yellowspotted trevally Fr - Carabeue pailletée Sp - Jurel centellante Size : Max.: 80 cm (fork length) Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and line and by spearing; also with gillnets and traps Habitat and biology : Prefers rocky and coral reefs, but occasionally found