Auction 40 | May 13-15, 2021 | Session E

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Auction 40 | May 13-15, 2021 | Session E Ancient Coins 2003. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Mithradates II, c. 123-88 BC, AR drachm (4.02g), Shore-96, long-bearded bust left, wearing tiara crown with 6-point star in center and ear flaps, 5-line legend on reverse, Session E (Internet) lovely portrait, EF $90 - 120 2004. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Gotarzes I, c. 90-80 BC, AR drachm (4.24g), Shore-110, wearing tiara with horn in center, stags on top // 5-line legend, bold strike, EF $100 - 130 Begins at 10:00 PDT on Saturday, May 15, 2021 Ancient Coins Greek & Roman 2005. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Phraates III, c. 70-57 BC, AE tetrachalkous (3.86g), Rhagae, Sell-35.17, facing bust, 1990. CHERSONESOS: ca/ 400-350 BC, AR hemidrachm (2.39g), wearing necklace with medallion // horse walking right, excellent S-1602/06, forepart of a lion, head turned back, paws raised // strike, choice VF, R $110 - 150 quadripartite incused square, with pellet and wreath, 2006. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Mithradates III, c. 57-54 BC, AR drachm VF-EF $100 - 130 (4.02g), Mithradatkart, Shore-189, diademed bust left, short beard, 1991. CHERSONESOS: ca/ 400-350 BC, AR hemidrachm (2.27g), diadem with three ribbons, 7-line legend on reverse with S-1602/06, forepart of a lion, head turned back, paws raised // monogram #30, VF $80 - 100 quadripartite incused square, with 2 pellets and the letter M, bold 2007. PERSIS KINGDOM: Vahbarz, 3rd century BC, AR obol (0.84g), VF $90 - 120 Alram-529, Sunrise—, king’s head right, with mustache and 1992. SELEUKID KINGDOM: Seleukos I Nikator, 312-281 BC, earring, wearing diadem and kyrbasia // fire temple of AR hemidrachm (2.32g), Seleukeia on the Tigris II, SC-133.5, Ahura-Mazda, standard to right, VF, R $90 - 120 laureate head of Zeus to right // Athena driving elephant quadriga 2008. PERSIS KINGDOM: Darev I, 2nd century BC, AE obol (0.65g), right, brandishing spear and holding shield, T and Seleukid anchor Alram-556, Sunrise-584, head with short beard right, wearing above elephants, monogram behind Athena, Strike: 4/5, Surface: diadem and kyrbasia surmounted by crescent // fire temple, 2/5, NGC graded choice Fine $60 - 90 Ahura-Mazda above, flanked by ruler and eagle on column, choice 1993. ROMAN REPUBLIC: AE aes rude (16.88g), before 4th century VF-EF $80 - 100 BC, Opitz p.12 (plate example), Thurlow-Vecchi pl.2 (top row 2009. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir I, 224-241, AE pashiz (3.64g), second from left), unformed cast bronze fragment, dark green as Göbl-7, but the small denomination, crowned bust // fire altar, patina, discovered in a hoard in Campania, VF , VF $80 - 100 ex Charles Opitz Collection $50 - 75 1994. ROMAN EMPIRE: Constantine I, 307-337 AD, AE reduced Sold by F.J. Ratz, Youngstown, NY, in November 1972. nummus, sun-god Sol holing globe, raising his left hand, holder 2010. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir I, 224-241, AR drachm (3.88g), housed in display case, NGC graded EF $40 - 60 G-10, king’s bust, wearing tight headdress with korymbos & earflaps // fire altar, some light porosity in the field, Near East bold VF $100 - 130 2011. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir I, 224-241, AE pashiz (2.50g), G-12, king’s bust as usual, with korymbos, long hair and long 1995. HIMYARITE: Shamnar Yuhan’am, ca. 125-150 AD, AR unit beard, legend around, including beneath his bust // fire altar, some (1.74g), Raydan, Huth-455/58, bold VF, R $100 - 130 adhesions on the reverse, VF, R $90 - 120 1996. HIMYARITE: Tha’ran Ya’ub, ca. 175-225, AR unit (1.88g), Raydan, Huth-449, bold VF, R $100 - 130 1997. QATABAN: Unknown ruler, 2nd/1st century BC, AR hemidrachm (1.93g), Huth-364, male head with curly hair // bearded male head, monogram below, lovely strike, EF $130 - 160 1998. QATABAN: Unknown ruler, 2nd/1st century BC, AR hemidrachm (1.97g), Huth-369, male head with curly hair // bearded male head, monogram below, bold strike, VF-EF $110 - 150 1999. ACHAIMENID EMPIRE: Anonymous, ca. 450-330 BC, AR siglos (5.55g), S-4482, archer, kneeling, holding spear & bow // oblong punch, VF $80 - 110 2012. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir I, 224-241, AE tetradrachm (12.68g), G-15, king’s bust right, wearing mural crown // fire altar, VG-F, R $100 - 150 2013. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Shahpur I, 241-272, AR obol (0.73g), G-25, king’s bust, wearing tiara headdress with korymbos & earflaps // fire altar guarded by two assistants, some light porosity, Fine $70 - 100 2014. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran II, 276-293, AR drachm (4.20g), 2000. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Mithradates I, c. 171-138 BC, G-68, busts of the king, queen, and prince, the prince holding AE tetrachalkous (6.69g), Ekbatana, Sell-12.9, diademed king’s diadem with short ribbons // fire altar & two attendants facing bust, bare-headed // Nike driving biga right, decent strike, some towards the altar, fravahr left of the flames, nearly VF $90 - 120 surface treatment, VF, R $100 - 150 2015. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran II, 276-293, AE pashiz (2.51g), 2001. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Mithradates I, c. 171-138 BC, cf. SNS-80, style of the silver drachm G-68, busts of king & queen AE tetrachalkous (8.00g), Ekbatana, Sell-12.9, diademed king’s facing right, son (portrait off flan) handing diadem to his parents, bust, bare-headed // Nike driving biga right, decent strike, some very rare in copper, VG-F, RR $100 - 130 porosity, F-VF, R $90 - 120 2016. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran II, 276-293, AE pashiz (2.07g), cf. SNS-80, style of the silver drachm G-68, busts of king & queen facing right, son (portrait off flan) handing diadem to his parents, very rare in copper, Very Good, RR $80 - 100 2017. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Hormizd II, 303-309, AR drachm (4.18g), G-83, head in flames, no extra symbols on the reverse, EF $100 - 130 2002. PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Mithradates II, c. 123-88 BC, 2018. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Hormizd II, 303-309, AR drachm (4.21g), AE dichalkous (2.70g), Ekbatana, Sell-28.17, long-bearded bust G-83, head in flames, no extra symbols on the reverse, left, wearing tiara crown with 6-point star in center // Pegasos VF-EF $90 - 120 flying right, lovely strike with gorgeous patina, VF-EF, R $100 - 150 2019. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Hormizd II, 303-309, AR drachm (3.65g), G-83, head in flames, no extra symbols on the reverse, VF-EF $90 - 120 165 Stephen Album Rare Coins | Auction 40 | May 13-15, 2021 | Session E 2020. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Shahpur II, 309-379, AR drachm (4.10g), 2036. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Yazdigerd II, 438-457, AR drachm G-102, king’s bust right, wearing mural crown, crescent to upper (4.20g), GW (Jurjan), G-160, SNS-14 (type Ia1/2a), fire altar left // fire altar & 2 attendants, finest style, VF-EF $80 - 100 attendants each holding short spear, bold strike overall, 2021. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Shahpur II, 309-379, AR drachm (4.17g), choice EF $100 - 130 G-102, king’s bust right, wearing mural crown // fire altar & 2 2037. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Yazdigerd II, 438-457, AR drachm attendants, fine style, choice VF $80 - 100 (4.22g), NM, G-160, standard type, first series, attendants holding 2022. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir II, 379-383, AR drachm (4.12g), long spears, without mint name, nice strike, EF $80 - 110 G-121, king with short ribbons rising from his shoulder, attractive 2038. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Yazdigerd II, 438-457, AE pashiz (1.16g), VF $100 - 130 G-166, SNS—, king’s bust as usual, fleur-de-lis right // fire altar & 2023. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir II, 379-383, AR drachm, G-121, two attendants, uncertain word to right (as on SNS-A37), average strike, good VF $80 - 100 VF, RR $90 - 120 2024. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Ardashir II, 379-383, AR drachm (3.96g), A similar example, also with the fleur-de-lis, was sold in our Auction G-122, king with long ribbons rising from his shoulder, attractive 39, Lot 2038. There are no other examples on CoinArchives. VF $100 - 130 2039. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Yazdigerd II, 438-457, AE pashiz (2.04g), 2025. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran IV, 388-399, AR drachm (4.28g), G-166, SNS-47 (same obverse symbol), king’s bust as usual, AS (the Treasury mint), G-136, standard type, with flames hiding unidentified symbol right // fire altar & two attendants, weakly behind the king’s bust facing right above the altar, mint name AS struck reverse, Fine, RR $80 - 100 right of the flames, couple minor adhesions in the reverse margin, 2040. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Peroz, 457-484, AR drachm (3.77g), BBA overall choice strike, EF $90 - 120 (the Court mint), ND, G-169, lovely bold strike, EF $80 - 100 2041. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Valkash, 484-488, AR drachm (4.03g), AY (Susa), ND, G-178, VF-EF $100 - 130 2026. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran IV, 388-399, AE pashiz (2.03g), type as Göbl-139 (silver drachm), cf. SNS-85, bust right, three bold pellets to right // fire altar without attendants, F-VF, RR $100 - 150 2027. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran V, 420-438, AR drachm (4.11g), BBA (the Court mint), G-153, standard type, first series, without the bust over the flames, mint symbol right of the flames, lovely 2042. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Valkash, 484-488, AR drachm (3.24g), strike, especially the king’s bust on the obverse, LD (Rayy), ND, G-178, standard type, king’s bust over the flames choice VF-EF $100 - 130 on the reverse, struck from obverse die that was in the stage of 2028. SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran V, 420-438, AR drachm (4.21g), breaking into two parts, bold VF $100 - 150 LD (Rayy), G-155, king’s head in the fire, bold EF $80 - 100 2043.
Recommended publications
  • TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
    27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g
    [Show full text]
  • CILICIA: the FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCHES in ANATOLIA1 Mark Wilson
    CILICIA: THE FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN ANATOLIA1 Mark Wilson Summary This article explores the origin of the Christian church in Anatolia. While individual believers undoubtedly entered Anatolia during the 30s after the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:9–10), the book of Acts suggests that it was not until the following decade that the first church was organized. For it was at Antioch, the capital of the Roman province of Syria, that the first Christians appeared (Acts 11:20–26). Yet two obscure references in Acts point to the organization of churches in Cilicia at an earlier date. Among the addressees of the letter drafted by the Jerusalem council were the churches in Cilicia (Acts 15:23). Later Paul visited these same churches at the beginning of his second ministry journey (Acts 15:41). Paul’s relationship to these churches points to this apostle as their founder. Since his home was the Cilician city of Tarsus, to which he returned after his conversion (Gal. 1:21; Acts 9:30), Paul was apparently active in church planting during his so-called ‘silent years’. The core of these churches undoubtedly consisted of Diaspora Jews who, like Paul’s family, lived in the region. Jews from Cilicia were members of a Synagogue of the Freedmen in Jerusalem, to which Paul was associated during his time in Jerusalem (Acts 6:9). Antiochus IV (175–164 BC) hellenized and urbanized Cilicia during his reign; the Romans around 39 BC added Cilicia Pedias to the province of Syria. Four cities along with Tarsus, located along or near the Pilgrim Road that transects Anatolia, constitute the most likely sites for the Cilician churches.
    [Show full text]
  • Poison King: the Life and Legend of Mithradates the Great, Rome's
    Copyrighted Material Kill em All, and Let the Gods Sort em Out IN SPRING of 88 BC, in dozens of cities across Anatolia (Asia Minor, modern Turkey), sworn enemies of Rome joined a secret plot. On an appointed day in one month’s time, they vowed to kill every Roman man, woman, and child in their territories. e conspiracy was masterminded by King Mithradates the Great, who communicated secretly with numerous local leaders in Rome’s new Province of Asia. (“Asia” at this time referred to lands from the eastern Aegean to India; Rome’s Province of Asia encompassed western Turkey.) How Mithradates kept the plot secret remains one of the great intelli- gence mysteries of antiquity. e conspirators promised to round up and slay all the Romans and Italians living in their towns, including women and children and slaves of Italian descent. ey agreed to confiscate the Romans’ property and throw the bodies out to the dogs and crows. Any- one who tried to warn or protect Romans or bury their bodies was to be harshly punished. Slaves who spoke languages other than Latin would be spared, and those who joined in the killing of their masters would be rewarded. People who murdered Roman moneylenders would have their debts canceled. Bounties were offered to informers and killers of Romans in hiding.1 e deadly plot worked perfectly. According to several ancient histo- rians, at least 80,000—perhaps as many as 150,000—Roman and Italian residents of Anatolia and Aegean islands were massacred on that day. e figures are shocking—perhaps exaggerated—but not unrealistic.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Iraq
    Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement
    [Show full text]
  • Keltoi and Hellenes: a Study of the Celts in the Hellenistic World
    KELTOI AND THE HELLENES A STUDY OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WoRU) PATRICK EGAN In the third century B.C. a large body ofCeltic tribes thrust themselves violently into the turbulent world of the Diadochoi,’ immediately instilling fear, engendering anger and finally, commanding respect from the peoples with whom they came into contact. Their warlike nature, extreme hubris and vigorous energy resembled Greece’s own Homeric past, but represented a culture, language and way of life totally alien to that of the Greeks and Macedonians in this period. In the years that followed, the Celts would go on to ravage Macedonia, sack Delphi, settle their own “kingdom” and ifil the ranks of the Successors’ armies. They would leave indelible marks on the Hellenistic World, first as plundering barbaroi and finally, as adapted, integral elements and members ofthe greatermulti-ethnic society that was taking shape around them. This paper will explore the roles played by the Celts by examining their infamous incursions into Macedonia and Greece, their phase of settlement and occupation ofwhat was to be called Galatia, their role as mercenaries, and finally their transition and adaptation, most noticeably on the individual level, to the demands of the world around them. This paper will also seek to challenge some of the traditionally hostile views held by Greek historians regarding the role, achievements, and the place the Celts occupied as members, not simply predators, of the Hellenistic World.2 19 THE DAWN OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD The Celts were not unknown to all Greeks in the years preceding the Deiphic incursion of February, 279.
    [Show full text]
  • Hasmonean” Family Tree
    THE “HASMONEAN” FAMILY TREE Hasmoneus │ Simeon │ John │ Mattathias ┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┼─────────────────┬─────────┐ John Simon Judas Maccabee Eleazar Jonathan Murdered: Murdered: KIA: KIA: Murdered: 160/159 BC 134 BC 160 BC 162 BC 143 BC ┌────────┬────┴────┐ Judas John Hyrcanus Murdered: Murdered: Died: 134 BC 135 BC 104 BC ├──────────────────────┬─────────────┐ Aristobulus ═ Salome Alexander Antigonus Alexander ═══════ Salome Alexander Declared Himself “King”: Murdered: Declared “King”: Declared “Regent”: 104 BC 103 BC 103 BC 76 BC Died: Died: 103 BC 76 BC ┌──────┴──────┐ Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Declared High Priest: 76 BC 1 THE “HASMONEAN” DYNASTY OF SIMON THE HIGH PRIEST 142 BC Simon, the last of the sons of Mattathias, was declared High Priest & “Ethnarch” (ruler of one’s own ethnic group) of the Jews by Demetrius II, King of the Seleucid Empire. 138 BC After Demetrius II was captured by the Parthians, his brother, Antiochus VII, affirmed Simon’s High Priesthood & requested assistance in dealing with Trypho, a usurper of the Seleucid throne. “King Antiochus to Simon the high priest and ethnarch and to the nation of the Jews, greetings. “Whereas certain scoundrels have gained control of the kingdom of our ancestors, and I intend to lay claim to the kingdom so that I may restore it as it formerly was, and have recruited a host of mercenary troops and have equipped warships, and intend to make a landing in the country so that I may proceed against those who have destroyed our country and those who have devastated many cities in my kingdom, now therefore I confirm to you all the tax remissions that the kings before me have granted you, and a release from all the other payments from which they have released you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Republic in 5 Timelines (Teacher Guide and Notes)
    1 180 BC: lex Villia Annalis – a law regulating the minimum ages at which a individual could how political office at each stage of the cursus honorum (career path). This was a step to regularising a political career and enforcing limits. 146 BC: The fall of Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Greece effectively brought an end to Rome’s large overseas campaigns for control of the Mediterranean. This is the point that the historian Sallust sees as the beginning of the decline of the Republic, as Rome had no rivals to compete with and so turn inwards, corrupted by greed. 139 BC: lex Gabinia tabelleria– the first of several laws introduced by tribunes to ensure secret ballots for for voting within the assembliess (this one applied to elections of magistrates). 133 BC – the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who along with his younger brother, is seen as either a social reformer or a demagogue. He introduced an agrarian land that aimed to distribute Roman public land to the poorer elements within Roman society (although this act quite likely increased tensions between the Italian allies and Rome, because it was land on which the Italians lived that was be redistributed). He was killed in 132 BC by a band of senators led by the pontifex maximus (chief priest), because they saw have as a political threat, who was allegedly aiming at kingship. 2 123-121 BC – the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus was tribune in 123 and 122 BC, passing a number of laws, which apparent to have aimed to address a number of socio-economic issues and inequalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Balance and Decline of Trade in Early Andhra: (With Special Reference to Roman Contacts)
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Balance and Decline of Trade in Early Andhra: (With special reference to Roman contacts) Dr. G. Mannepalli * Faculty Member,Dept. of History & Archaeology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh Abstract- The history of early Indian trade also shows a distinct A few words may be said here with regarded to the influence preference for the study of long-distance trade-both over land of the ocean upon the life of the Andhra people close association and overseas –the study of exports and imports, especially their with the sea made the inhabitants of the coastal regions fearless possible identifications on a modern map. The other common and adventurous sailors. The idea conquering the sea always feature in this historiography is to present urban centers almost haunted them and the result was the discovery of a number of invariably as thriving commercial canters and to hold places hitherto unknown to them. Going there both as colonists commercial exchanges as the principal causative factor towards and traders they also widened the geographical horizon of Indian urbanization. Without belittling the importance of this civilization. Levi (pre -Aryan and pre- Dravidian) has pointed out conventional narrative approach to the history of trade; it must be that the sea-routes to the East from the ports of South India had emphasized that an understanding of trade and urban centers can come in to common use many centuries before the Christian era. hardly be delinked from the agrarian sector. Significantly Trade relations with the West also opened well before said era.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Yuezhi - Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology”, by Hans Loeschner
    “Notes on the Yuezhi - Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology”, by Hans Loeschner Notes on the Yuezhi – Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology By Hans Loeschner Professor Michael Fedorov provided a rejoinder1 with respect to several statements in the article2 “A new Oesho/Shiva image of Sasanian ‘Peroz’ taking power in the northern part of the Kushan empire”. In the rejoinder Michael Fedorov states: “The Chinese chronicles are quite unequivocal and explicit: Bactria was conquered by the Ta-Yüeh-chih! And it were the Ta-Yüeh-chih who split the booty between five hsi-hou or rather five Ta-Yüeh-chih tribes ruled by those hsi-hou (yabgus) who created five yabguates with capitals in Ho-mo, Shuang-mi, Hu-tsao, Po-mo, Kao-fu”. He concludes the rejoinder with words of W.W. Tarn3: “The new theory, which makes the five Yüeh- chih princes (the Kushan chief being one) five Saka princes of Bactria conquered by the Yüeh- chih, throws the plain account of the Hou Han shu overboard. The theory is one more unhappy offshoot of the elementary blunder which started the belief in a Saka conquest of Greek Bactria”.1 With respect to the ethnical allocation of the five hsi-hou Laszlo Torday provides an analysis with a result which is in contrast to the statement of Michael Fedorov: “As to the kings of K’ang- chü or Ta Yüeh-shih, those chiefs of foreign tribes who acknowledged their supremacy were described in the Han Shu as “lesser kings” or hsi-hou. … The hsi-hou (and their fellow tribespeople) were ethnically as different from the Yüeh-shih and K’ang-chü as were the hou… from the Han.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art
    Rienjang and Stewart (eds) Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Since the beginning of Gandhāran studies in the nineteenth century, chronology has been one of the most significant challenges to the understanding of Gandhāran art. Many other ancient societies, including those of Greece and Rome, have left a wealth of textual sources which have put their fundamental chronological frameworks beyond doubt. In the absence of such sources on a similar scale, even the historical eras cited on inscribed Gandhāran works of art have been hard to place. Few sculptures have such inscriptions and the majority lack any record of find-spot or even general provenance. Those known to have been found at particular sites were sometimes moved and reused in antiquity. Consequently, the provisional dates assigned to extant Gandhāran sculptures have sometimes differed by centuries, while the narrative of artistic development remains doubtful and inconsistent. Building upon the most recent, cross-disciplinary research, debate and excavation, this volume reinforces a new consensus about the chronology of Gandhāra, bringing the history of Gandhāran art into sharper focus than ever. By considering this tradition in its wider context, alongside contemporary Indian art and subsequent developments in Central Asia, the authors also open up fresh questions and problems which a new phase of research will need to address. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art is the first publication of the Gandhāra Connections project at the University of Oxford’s Classical Art Research Centre, which has been supported by the Bagri Foundation and the Neil Kreitman Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture
    ANTONIJE SHKOKLJEV SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN PREHISTORY CENTRAL BALKANS CRADLE OF AEGEAN CULTURE Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69
    [Show full text]
  • Death by the Lake: Mortality Crisis in Early Fourteenth-Century Central Asia
    This is the author’s final version of an article that has been accepted for publication in Journal of Interdisciplinary History published by MIT Press. The final published version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01376 Death by the Lake: Mortality Crisis in Early Fourteenth-century Central Asia The Geographic Origins of the Black Death: Current State of Debate The question of the geographic origins of the Black Death is one of the most pressing and hotly debated topics in the historiography of the Second Plague Pandemic , involving not only historians, but (in recent years) also palaeogeneticists. Roughly, speaking the history of the debate can be summarized as follows. In his The Black Death of 1348 and 1349 (1893), Cardinal Aidan Gasquet situated the origins of the plague in China, from where it was imported in Europe, through Crimea, by Italian merchants by trading caravans. In 1951, Pollitzer brought our attention to the existence of two East Syriac Christian (Nestorian) cemeteries in Chu Valley (in the Issyk-Kul’ region of northern Kyrgyzstan), excavated in 1885-6, and containing 10 inscriptions from 1338-9 indicating ‘death through pestilence’. Although Pollitzer himself never studied the epigraphic evidence from the Issyk-Kul’ cemeteries, he ‘relocated’ the initial outbreak of the plague to Central Asia, from where, according to him, it carried on to Crimea, and later to Europe. The ‘Central Asian origin’ hypothesis has been adopted by Dols in his 1977 monograph of the plague in the Middle East. Conversely, the ‘Chinese origin’ hypotheses has been advocated by Ziegler (1969), who was not aware of the Issyk-Kul’ evidence, McNeill (1979) and Campbell (2016), who both saw Issyk-Kul’ as an intermittent station in the pathogen’s journey from China to Europe.
    [Show full text]