Next-Generation E-Commerce Walk-Up VR™ & Decision-Centered

4/2000 Vol. 12

COMPUTER GRAPHIK

Reports on Computer Graphics

Walk-up VR™ & Decision-Centered Visualization

Next-Generation E-Commerce

CRCGCRCG ISSUEISSUE COMPUTER GRAPHIK 4/2000, Vol. 12 Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme (TUD-GRIS) Darmstadt University of Technology, Interactive Graphics Systems Group

Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e. V. (ZGDV) Computer Graphics Center

Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung (IGD) topics Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics

Reports of the INI-GraphicsNet

Editorial Office: Publisher: Art Direction: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. Tina Bernschein, Cornelia Keitz, Ralph COMPUTER GRAPHIK topics José L. Encarnação Klepper, Bernad Lukacin, Susanne Hering Rundeturmstrasse 6 D-64283 Darmstadt Issue Editors: Translation: Germany D. Zeltzer, R. Barton, M. Encarnação Birgit Schmidt-Leinigen

Tel.: +49 (0) 6151 / 155 - 146 Editor: »COMPUTER GRAPHIK topics« is published Fax: +49 (0) 6151 / 155 - 446 Bernad Lukacin six times a year. All rights reserved. Not Email: [email protected] to be reprinted without approval of the editor.

SEMINARE SEMINARE SEMINARE ZGDV Darmstadt ZGDV Darmstadt ZGDV Rostock

VRML & Java CAD Grundlagen Organizer-Training Programmierung von 3D-Welten für das AutoCAD 2000 18.08.00 Internet 31.07.-04.08.00, 28.08.-01.09.00, Grundlagen des mobile Computing, 31.07./01.08.00 25.-29.09.2000, Schrifterkennung, Datenaustausch und Kurze Einführung in VRML und Java, Anlegen und Verwalten von Zeichnungs- -sicherung, E-Mailübertragung, mobiles Überblick der Werkzeuge und Browser, dateien, Inhalte zwischen Zeichnungsda- Faxen, Handy-Anbindungen, WAP, Inter- Anwendungsbeispiele, Java API von VRML, teien austauschen, Hyperlinks, Koordina- net, PalmOS, WindowsCE, EPOC External Authoring Interface, Authoring- teneingabe, -systeme, Zeichenbefehle, Delphi Programmentwicklung prozeß, Aktuelle Entwicklungen z.B. Java Strukturieren von Zeichnungsdateien, 24. bis 25.08.00 3D, Praktische Übungen Symbole und Arbeitsebenen, Benutzeran- OOP mit Object Pascal, Aufbau der Visual CORBA passungen der Arbeitsumgebung, Ausga- Component Library, Event und Botschaf- Architektur, Funktionalität und be, Layoutgestaltung und Plot der Zeich- ten, Fehler- und Ausnahmebehandlung Programmierung nungsdateien Nutzung von Datenbanken im WWW 02./03.08.2000 3D Studio MAX – Grundkurs 07. bis 08.09.00 CORBA – Motivation, Historie, Kommuni- 02./03. + 09./10.09.2000 Statische und dynamische Seiten, Klassifi- kationszentrale – Object Request Broker, Grundkonzepte, Benutzungsoberfläche, zierung der Lösungsansätze, Formular- verfügbare Implementierung, Baukasten – Terminologie, Anzeigemodifikationen, programmierung in HTML, CGI-Program- CORBA Facilities und CORBA Services, grundlegende Modellierungstechniken mierung am Beispiel ingweb; Einbettungs- Schnittstelle – Interface Definition Langu- und Arbeiten mit Primitiven, Splines, programmierung in perl, Fortgeschrittene age, Übungen, Einsatz von CORBA im Extrusionen, Morph-Körpern, Bool´schen Techniken WWW, Objekte im WWW, Java, Trends, Objekten, Partikelsystemen, Space-Warps SQL – Datenbanksprache CAD Aufbauschulung und Anordnungen, Anwendung von Geo- 14. bis 15.09.00 MicroStation 3D metriemodifikatoren, Erstellen und Sprachelemente, Operatoren und Funk- 07.-10.08.2000 Zuweisen von Materialien, Erstellen, tionen zur komplexen Datenmanipulation, Konzepte und Vorteile von 3D-Modellen, Verwenden und Anpassen von Lichtobjek- Recherchen und Aktualisierungen, Anfra- Konstruieren von 3D-Flächen-Modellen, ten, Rendering Konzepte und Details zur gen an eine Datenbank, Views und Indexe, Manipulieren/Modifizieren von 3D-Flächen- Bildausgabe, Einführung in Animations- DB-Management mit SQL, eingebettete Modellen (Freiformflächen), Darstellung, konzepte und -methoden, Weiterführende SQL-Anweisungen Präsentation, Rendering Animation von Arbeitstechniken Visual Basic Grundlagen 3D-Zeichnungen, Schnittstellen zum 2D 18. bis 20.09.00 SQL – Datenbanksprache Einführung in VB, Entwicklungsumge- 20./21.09.2000 Information and Registration bung, Prozeduren, Hilfen, Darstellung Sprachelemente, Datentypen, Funktionen, ZGDV Darmstadt der Sprachelemente von VB, Datentypen Opertoren, SQL Datenbank-Management, Abteilung Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung Visual Basic Fortgeschrittene Benutzer und Rechte, Tabellen, Sichten, Ute Articus, Alexandra Ohly, 21. bis 22.09.00 Indexe, Schlüssel, Constraints, Trigger, SQL Hugo Kopanitsak Mausprogrammierung, Graphikprogram- für Recherche, Einfache Abfragen, Joins, Phone ++49 (0) 6151/155-160+161+163 mierung, Programmierung von Druckaus- Komplexe, geschachtelte Abfragen, SQL Fax ++49 (0) 6151/155-440+199 gaben, mit anderen Windowsprogrammen 3 – Ein Überblick, Übungen email [email protected] kommunizieren, Arrays und OLE, Daten- Windows NT Systemadministration http://www.zgdv.de/ bankprogrammierung, MDI Interface, 21.-23.08.2000 ActiveX, Die Windows API NT-Architektur und Schichtenmodelle, ZGDV Rostock AutoCAD 2D-/3D-Zeichnungserstellung Installation, Domänemodelle, Benutzer- Abteilung Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung 25. bis 29.09.00 und Gruppenverwaltung, Zugriffsrechte Eva Mahnke Leistungsumfang, Programmoberfläche, auf Dateien und Verzeichnisse, Sicher- Phone ++49 (0) 381/4024-159 Elementare 2D-Befehle, Zeichnungsaus- heitsaspekte, Werkzeuge zur Systemver- Fax ++49 (0) 381/44 60 88 gabe, 3D-Objekte waltung, Die NT-Shell, Praktische Übungen email [email protected] und Vorführungen http://www.rostock.zgdv.de/ konziel, Agentur für Marketing und Kommunikation, B. Lukacin; +49 / 6151 155 146

2 CG topics 4/2000 Contents

INI-GraphicsNet ZGDV Seminars 2 Main Core Competencies Main Application Domains – Agent Technology – Automotive industry Editorial 4 – Animation – Architecture, Interior – Augmented Reality decoration, design – Avatars – Bank and insurance business – Computer Supported – Biotechnology A Software Framework for Cooperative Work (CSCW) – Air and space travel systems User-Centered Multi-modal – Computer Vision – Chemical and pharmaceu- Interaction 5 – Data Exchange tical industry – Graphical Information – Cultural Heritage Volume Exploration Guided by Systems (GIS) – Education and training Haptic Sensing 7 – Graphical User Interface – Entertainment – Human Computer – Facility management The Spatial Audio Server Interaction (HCI) – Marketing and advertising Integrating immersive sound into graphics 9 – Imaging – Mechanical engineering – Image Processing – Medicine and medical – Internet, Intranet technologies MediDesk: Interactive Volume – I*net-based Learning – Microelectronics Exploration on the StudyDesk 11 and Training – Mobile information – Mobile Computing systems Enhancing Sensorspace Awareness – Modeling – Online services and in Undersea Enviroments 14 – Multi/Hyper Media new media – Multimedia Data Bases – Pollution control Cooperative work in the engineering – Networking, – Print machines process – a joint research and Telecommunication – Public administration development projekt with CoCreate 17 – Neuronal Nets and – Publishing trade Evolutionary Algorithms – Ship construction – OO-Framework and – Social and public health, Extended VR: Combining Real and Compound Document support of older and dis- Virtual Workplaces 19 Architecture abled persons – Perceptual Computing – Software industry An Open Source Cross-Platform – Printing & Publishing – Telecommunication, High-Performance Scenegraph API 21 – Product Data Technology networking and (PDT) service providers The Generalized Atlas: – Radiosity & Raytracing – Telematics A Multimedia Medical Database 23 – Secure Image – Telework Technologies Communication – T.V. Stations – Security Technology – Tourism Next-Generation E-Commerce: – Simulation – Transport and Traffic XML+Mobile Agent+Trust 26 – Telework, Telecooperation, Telelearning M5 Web-Based Training System 29 – Video Computing – Visual Computing BlinkTM QoS Monitor 31 – Virtual Reality – Visualization

Computer Graphics is the technology with which application data. The term RUBRICS pictures – in the general sen- »computer graphics« also se (synthetic graphics as well implies the computer-aided inte- Events, Workshops 32 as grayscale and color images) – gration and handling of these News A-Z 35 are generated or acquired, man- pictures synchronized with other Trade Fair 36 aged, displayed, and processed data types; e.g., audio, text and StudINI 38 in an application-oriented man- video (multimedia systems), and Graduations 39 ner by means of computers, and the advanced dialogue tech- Study and Diploma Theses 39 with which pictures are also niques associated with these correlated with non-graphical data types. EDITORIAL

Robert J. Barton III, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação, Dr. David Zeltzer

Walk-up VRTM – Closing the Gap flexible user interfaces. Haptics system knowledge of the applica- between Real and Virtual Work and spatial audio will contribute tion domain, the key concepts Environmentsocce to multi-sensory displays. For and operations, missions, tasks, The advent of Virtual Reality (VR) example, the integration of inter- and decisions. Together with technologies promised a revolution active volume exploration and knowledge about expert decision of processes in the work place and collaborative technologies, cou- making, a decision-centered visu- of the work place itself. As of pled with Virtual and Augmented alization (DCV) architecture will today, this vision is far from com- Reality techniques, will enable dis- highlight missing data and identify monplace, in fact, only research tributed multi-user mixed-reality information crucial to sound deci- labs and major manufacturers in applications. Finally, the standard- sion making. DCV will support the automotive and aerospace ization of the underlying Graphics human decision makers, to enable industry frequently employ VR APIs such as the efforts of the rapid, sound, and confident deci- technologies, and then only in Open Scene Graph Forum (OpenSG) sion-making. highly specialized new phases of is required to facilitate multi-modal DCV technologies will support the working process. The reason communication as well as multi- all levels of users engaged in for this »satellite« existence of VR media data transfer. time-critical operations and tasks. techniques is primarily the lack of Fraunhofer CRCG is developing easy-to-use, unencumbered inter- Decision-Centered Visualization enabling technologies and proto- faces, robust and non-obtrusive There are numerous complex type applications in the context of interaction devices, and integration application domains in which DCV in the areas of telemedicine, between familiar desktop user- human users must make time-crit- emergency management, and interfaces and new VR paradigms. ical, high-risk decisions, often undersea operations. Current VR research and develop- under conditions of high workload. ment focuses on continuous inno- Air traffic control, military com- Next-Generation E-Commerce, vation of interaction styles and mand and control, emergency Trusted Environments for Global metaphors for Virtual Environments management, and the control of Business (VEs) and constant invention of complex plant operations. In such The proliferation of the web is new devices to increase the degree situations, human users do not fundamentally altering the every- of immersion of such interfaces. have the luxury of time to interac- day processes and practices of Even though users may soon be tively specify an information pre- conducting commerce around the able to perceive smells within VEs, sentation that is needed to world. This new medium has the real interaction within these envi- accomplish a time-critical task. advantage of significantly reducing ronments will continue to lag While extensive interactive view- barriers to market for producers behind. There exists a vital need ing and data selection is supported, and consumers alike. At the same for an applied approach to inte- current visualization systems only time, however, there is a great grate VR into the everyday work maintain information about pixels uncertainty concerning privacy place. Useful multi-modal interac- and polygons. They do not repre- and security in cyberspace. The tion and perceptual, intuitive sent and use meta-knowledge real issue is – how can a real sense interfaces are major components about the data and information of trust and assuredness be instilled of such an application-oriented that is being displayed, and thus into the new arena of e-business? and human-centered approach, have no capacity for pro-actively In this issue, we present a techno- for which we coined the term supporting the user. logical and process-driven approach Walk-up VR. A new technology and systems to creating real-world, trusted This issue of CG Topics presents approach is needed, which will e-commerce solutions for both technologies and approaches to provide decision-makers with business-to-business and business- human-centered interaction and interactive information visualiza- to-customer transactions on the application development. A soft- tions that merge decision support web. ware engineering approach to with situational awareness. An multi-modal interaction will form important approach to this prob- the basis for unencumbered and lem is to embed in the visualization

4 CG topics 4/2000 A Software Framework for User- Centered Multi-modal Interaction

Fareed Behmaram-Mosavat, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação

Introduction At Fraunhofer CRCG, we are For the standard computing building a software framework paradigm to move beyond the that will support these complex single-user desktop systems of multi-modal interactions, device today, the software systems that independence, and user adapt- we use to manage interfaces must ability for complex interactive be redesigned to support rich, applications. Our focus is to create multi-modal interaction and user a framework that is easily extensi- and task adaptability. In addition, ble, portable, and can be quickly these systems must be able to integrated with new technology. support the development of new interaction styles and the integra- Requirements tion of new technologies. In the A software framework for user- future we would like to be able to centered, complex interaction must support collaborative, distributed support an array of possible input applications which can adapt to and output devices. We would the technologies and devices like this framework to support available to the users, as well as Walkup VR such as the Virtual German Abstract to the personal preferences of Table Project at CRCG, immersive those users. In user-centered VR such as CAVEs, augmented applications, we seek to support reality with head mounted displays Multi-modale Interaktion in kolla- high-level interaction employing (HMD’s), or any other means of borativen virtuellen Arbeitsumge- gestures, speech, and intuitive presentation. Furthermore, there bungen stellt eine besondere Her- combinations of input modality, are many other input devices that ausforderung an die zugrundelie- gende Interaktionssoftware. Diese as well as high level task oriented must also be supported: traditional sollte es erlauben, gleichzeitig ver- interaction. mice and keyboards, as well as schiedene Interaktionswerkzeuge sowie alternative Interaktionstech- niken zu unterstützen. Darüber hinaus sollte es möglich sein in besonderer Weise auf unter- schiedliche Benutzeranforderun- gen und Aufgabenauflagen zu reagieren und entsprechende Interaktionswerkzeuge und -techniken zur Verfügung zu stellen. Soll die Interaktionssoftware dann auch noch plattformunabhängig verwendet werden können, so ist ein strenger Software-Engineering Ansatz bei der Entwicklung des entsprechenden Rahmenwerkes gefragt, um die entsprechende Flexibilität, Robustheit und modu- lare Erweiterbarkeit zu gewährlei- sten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Fraunhofer CRCG’s gegenwärtige Aktivitäten, ein sol- ches Software-Rahmenwerk zu entwickeln.

Figure 1: Multi-modal interaction in a collaborative VR

CG topics 4/2000 5 We have taken some important Interface Application steps towards realizing this frame- Agents work. We have begun develop- Interaction Graph Context Feedback ment of an interaction framework on top of the Platform Abstraction Library. Platform independent Multi-Modal Input Engines / Filters device drivers have been written Users for a number of common interac- Devices / PAL tion devices such as speech and tracking. Requirements-based Multi-Sensory Feedback interfaces are given to these Figure 2: Concept diagram devices so that applications and libraries can request devices based on the features of the device rather than the brand or type of devices for Six Degree of Freedom develop a framework on which device. In addition, we have tracking, haptic feedback, point- distributed, multi-modal task begun the development of the ing, and speech recognition. based systems can be rapidly processing components of the For complex multi-modal envi- developed and adapted to tech- framework. Data translation com- ronments to be usable and more nology and users. ponents have been developed, natural, higher-level interaction and we provide engines to process techniques such as gesture and The Framework application independent data. By speech recognition must be At Fraunhofer CRCG we have defining the inputs and outputs reusable and persistent for a user begun developing a networked, of these engines generically, we between applications. Instead of platform-independent framework intend to build a framework with requiring users to learn complex for user interaction in complex which applications can define the sets of gestures and speech com- user-centered systems. The frame- associations between these simple mands, the system should be able work provides a set of abstrac- engines in a high-level manner. to learn a user’s preferences and tions that will make our future Lastly, we plan to develop intel- take them into account between applications device independent, ligent user interface components applications. On the other hand, easier to develop, and will allow that can govern the organization we must also allow application users to interact more easily and of the processing components. developers to define sets of inter- expressively. Through this approach, we hope action tasks, and user adaptability Our framework provides multi- to make the development cycle of must not sacrifice ease of devel- ple layers of abstraction so that user interface technology more opment. applications can be developed on efficient and more adaptable to At CRCG, we have decided to any of these levels. Unlike other usability work and evaluation. take on the problem of multi- interaction frameworks, this will modal 3D interaction from a soft- not restrict us to using agents. ware engineering perspective. Instead, our goal is to accomplish Point of contact While many more complex systems what the window manager accom- that could be used in conjunction plished for the simple desktop Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação with our current work have already environment: abstract out the Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, been developed, we feel that in specifics of user interaction away Rhode Island, USA order for immersive virtual envi- from the developer and the Email: [email protected] ronments to become more usable devices. By providing a means for both users and developers, we through which applications can must begin our research by devel- create simple components and oping a platform upon which all associations between them, we applications can be reused and can create complex interaction in rearranged for varying tasks and a reusable and adaptable manner. users, as well as for the rapidly In our vision of an adaptable 3D evolving display and input tech- environment, the role of the nologies. interaction manager is much more The goal of this software frame- complex than in the standard work is to allow applications to desktop environment, and much describe sets of tasks in a high more careful care must be taken level manner, and allow users to to allow for new interaction styles define the ways in which they due to the uncertainty of future complete these tasks. We hope to devices and capabilities.

6 CG topics 4/2000 Volume Exploration Guided by Haptic Sensing

Pedro Branco, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação

Introduction Project Objectives Fraunhofer CRCG in collaboration Our first approach in working with Siemens Corporate Research towards the development of a in Princeton, NJ is exploring the haptic volume exploration software use of haptics for the interactive application was to develop a tool exploration of volume data. Due based on geometric models (derived to the nature of the data, software from volume data), a so-called Hap- for medical visualization typically ticViewer. The Haptic device we uses volumetric object models. used is a PHANToM premium 1.0 The same is true for underwater from SensAble Technologies, Inc. sonar application for mine warfare and the exploration of seismic Geometry-Based Haptics data sets for the exploration of The HapticViewer we have devel- natural resources. These volumetric oped and implemented supports object models are usually gener- interaction with VRML models and ated from a collection of 2D data enables users to draw contours slices such as from 3D Magnetic (lines) on the surface. The GHOST Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Com- SDK from SensAble Technologies, puter Tomograph (CT) in the med- Inc. is the API that interfaces with ical application field. the PHANToM device. The data is Haptics gives the user a new read from the VRML files into the communication channel utilizing GHOST representation. The force force feedback, which can be feedback and collision detection explored for alternative interaction are handled by GHOST, and Open techniques for the visualization of Inventor is used for the graphical German Abstract volumetric information. rendering.

Das Fraunhofer CRCG untersuchte in Kooperation mit Siemens Cor- porate Research in Princeton, N.J. den Gebrauch von Haptics für die interaktive Analyse von Volumen- daten. Solche Daten werden vor- wiegend aus 2D Bildern oder Aus- schnitten von Daten erzeugt und sind z.B. von erheblicher Relevanz in der Medizin, der Analyse von Sonardaten zur Minensuche und der Untersuchung seismischer Daten zum Zwecke des Auffindens von Bodenschätzen. Haptics stellt dem Benutzer einen neuen Kommunikationskanal mit dem Computersystem zur Verfü- gung, so daß die Erforschung neu- er oder alternativer Interaktions- techniken unter Verwendung von Haptics naheliegt für die Analyse von Volumendaten. Figure 1: Draw- ing a contour on the Broncos

CG topics 4/2000 7 Figure 2: Volume- Force Display based haptic ren- The force model we implemented dering is based on a resistance force pro- portional to the voxel-density values and the PHANToM pointer velocity. Higher density values will produce higher resistance, and faster movement speed will result in a higher returned force. Some issues need to be considered in order to avoid undesirable effects like vibrations or rapid changes in force intensity/direction. Small involuntary movements that occur when the user is holding the PHANToM pointer induce, for instance, disturbances of the position data (cf. Figure 3). Because the force model depends on the velocity vector and the velocity is derived from the position over time, these disturbances will generate erroneous force vectors. Assuming the noise from the posi- Volume-Based Haptics for haptic volume rendering – the tion data follows a Gaussian dis- GHOST provides collision detection Volume Haptic Viewer. This frame- tribution, a Kalman filter returns and force feedback computation work provides a uniform interface an optimized estimation. for geometric data, but function- for any volume-rendering pack- ality for volumetric data is not age to achieve haptic rendering provided. of volume data. Point of contact Interaction with volumetric data VTK (Visualization ToolKit) was requires the development of a used to implement a Volume Hap- Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação collision detection algorithm and tic Viewer application, though Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, a physical model to generate the other volume visualization soft- Rhode Island, USA appropriate forces. A framework ware could replace it. Email: [email protected] was developed to extend GHOST

Figure 3: Disturbances on the positional data

8 CG topics 4/2000 The Spatial Audio Server Integrating immersive sound into graphics

Hartmut Chodura, Robert J. Barton III

Motivation The Spatial Audio Server Immersion is one of the key The Spatial Audio Server (SAS) is a aspects for many virtual reality network application for integrat- applications. From a perceptual ing spatial sound into various point of view, the auditory and computer graphics applications. visual senses provide the most The SAS is capable of rendering important cues about the spatial streams of audio data that can be nature of one’s environment. transmitted in a variety of ways Consider the analogy of experienc- using Internet Protocol (IP). Prere- ing a movie in a modern cinema as corded sounds can be rendered opposed to viewing a standard and stored on the local file system home television. The cinema screen using the common WAV-format. is larger, the imagery is of much The developer is afforded a sim- higher resolution, and high fidelity ple platform-independent pro- multi-channel surround-sound is gramming interface in C for SAS provided by systems such as DOLBY application integration. All posi- Digital, THX or DTS. Additionally, tion and attitude information experiments at the labs of British concerning sources and receivers Telecom have shown that audio (users) in the virtual environment quality has a subjective effect on or application are sent to SAS for perceived video quality [1]. There rendering. SAS can be resident on exists today a vast amount of an arbitrary machine (UNIX or data supporting the significance Windows-NT), which is connected of high-quality audio content in to the user environment applica- both tele-collaborative and tion via the network. German Abstract immersive environments. To implement an immersive Software or hardware extension audio-visual environment, the For audio playback, the SAS runs Um in virtuellen Umgebungen ein developer needs both a visual under two configurations. A pure Raumgefühl zu erzeugen, ist ins- and an acoustical subsystem for software solution runs under Win- besondere die Kombination von manipulation, rendering and re- dows NT and uses INTEL’s Realistic 3D-Graphik und 3D-Sound geeig- production of sound and graphics. Sound Experience (RSX) toolkit. net. Der Spatial Audio Server (SAS) Furthermore, both subsystems RSX provides binaural output. ist ein System zur Erzeugung räumlicher Audioausgabe. Dem need to be updated in order to Dependent on source/receiver Entwickler steht eine Program- provide consistency for locations location, a matrix of filters is used mierschnittstelle zur Verfügung, and other properties. For example, to simulate the head related die auf einfache Weise ermöglicht, if an object moves closer to the transfer function (HRTF). For play- seine Anwendung um dreidimen- user, one would normally expect back of binaural data with HRTF sionale Klänge zu erweitern. Der the object to become visually simulation, headsets provide the SAS liegt in zwei Ausbaustufen larger in the foreground, and if an highest quality experience. Alter- vor: Zum einen wurde eine reine acoustic source is present, a per- natively, two loudspeakers can be Softwarelösung integriert, die bin- ceived increase in the magnitude used, with careful positioning to aurale (zweikanalige) Ausgabe gemischter Klänge ermöglicht. of the audio reception would also avoid speaker cross talk. Doppler Zum anderen ist eine Huron be expected. Spatial orientation effects can be activated as well Audioworkstation integriert, mit (left-right, up-down, front-back) through simple simulation of deren Hilfe zehn Lautsprecher im in relation to head position is also room acoustics and altering rever- ShowRoom des Fraunhofer IGD vital. Finally, more subtle cues from beration time and acoustic inten- genutzt werden können. changes in environmental acoustics, sity parameters. or Doppler caused by source/receiv- A recently developed version of er motion, needs to be considered. SAS has an extended ability to

CG topics 4/2000 9 drive an audio workstation with multiple signal processors. The Huron audio station built by Lake Technology Ltd. will render up to sixteen individual audio sources on multiple loudspeakers in real- time. Another advantage of this hardware platform is the ability to include sophisticated simulations of room acoustics in the application. Measured impulse responses of real rooms and filters calculated from virtual room models are available for auditory design. Interactive walls, windows, and doors can be auralized in real-time bringing realistic acoustical experiences into complex scenes. For groups of up to approximately thirty persons, a ten channel loudspeaker system, Figure 1: Real-time audio-visual presentations in Fraunhofer IGD’s ShowRoom driven by the Huron audio workstation has been installed in one of the VR demo centers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer VMR is an immersive virtual envi- also choose the performance Graphics (IGD) in Darmstadt, Ger- ronment in which the user can venue, such as a chamber, theater many (cf. Figure 1). interact with the individual audio stage, outdoor stadium, or cathe- tracks of a musical presentation dral (cf. Figure 2). Applications or performance. In contrast to the The SAS has been implemented in conventional passive listening 3D-WAU, a multi-party Internet- consumption of music productions, Point of contact telephony application with spatial in VMR the user is able to change audio output. A combined audio- locations of sound sources (instru- Dipl.-Ing. Hartmut Chodura visual implementation of SAS is ments and vocals), while navigat- Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, included in the Virtual Music ing through a three-dimensional Germany Reproduction (VMR) prototype [2]. virtual environment. The user can Email: [email protected]

References [1] Hollier, M. P.; Voelcker, R. M.: Towards a multi-modal perceptual model, British Telecommunications Technology Journal, Vol. 14, Nr. 4, (1997).

[2] Chodura, H.; Kaup, A.: Virtual Music Reproduction, Proc. of SIGGRAPH 99, (1999).

Watch our VMR demonstration at SIGGRAPH 2000 in Course 28; Monday 7/24: Internetworked 3D Computer Graphics

Figure 2: Virtual Music Reproduction provides interactive music experience in 3D

10 CG topics 4/2000 MediDesk: Interactive Volume Exploration on the StudyDesk

Werner Wohlfahrter, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação

Introduction ral way using two-handed interac- Volume data is becoming increas- tion. It also provides a method for ingly important in the scientific »freezing« and »unfreezing« cut- and medical field because of the ting planes into different displays use of MRI, CT and ultrasound. by using lookup tables, and gives Volume data are usually very large users the ability to extract an and difficult to handle but need arbitrary slice out of the volume to be analyzed in an efficient way. data. It is therefore important to think about easier and more natural StudyDesk ways to interact with volume data. Studierstube, developed at Vienna Our approach is a combination of University of Technology, is an an interaction-rich VR system augmented reality framework, (StudyDesk) and a volume-render- based on OpenInventor, that sup- ing system (SGI’s OpenGL Volu- ports two-handed interaction mizer). using a tracked personal interac- We selected SGI OpenGL Volu- tion panel (PIP) in one hand and a mizer as the most suitable vol- tracked pen in the other. The PIP ume-rendering library for our is a see-through plastic palette interaction research, over VolPack, onto which virtual menus and 3DDataMaster, Amira, TeleInVivo, controls are mapped. The pen, VoxelView and VTK. Our solution also designed as a see-through comprises a powerful interaction device, is used to point to certain system for exploring volume data objects. A user works like a that allows the user to drag, scale, painter who holds a painter’s German Abstract or cut the volume in a very natu- palette in her non-dominant hand

Die zunehmende Bedeutung von Volumendaten in Wissenschaft und Medizin bewog uns – eine Kooperation zwischen Fraunhofer CRCG und der Technischen Uni- versität Wien – unser StudyDesk Interaktionsframework mit SGI’s Volumizer Volumenrendering API zu kombinieren. Das Resultat sind intuitiv handhabbare Werkzeuge zum Analysieren und Manipulie- ren von Volumendaten in immersi- ven VR-Umgebungen. Die ent- wickelten Interaktionstechniken reichen von direkter Manipulation über interaktive Definition und Kombination von beliebig orien- tierten 3D-Schnitten zu gespiegel- ten Ansichten, die von mehreren Benutzern in stereoskopischer Pro- jektion betrachtet und diskutiert werden können.

Figure 1: Two-handed interaction in VR

CG topics 4/2000 11 Figure 2: Using Inspecting the volume the lookup table One way of analyzing an object in to control the the real world is by grabbing it, opacity of the rotating it (if possible) and taking volume a closer look to get more details about particular areas of interest. We created the same ability in our environment so users can explore the data in a similar way.

Cutting the volume The PIP is a tracked plastic pad that looks like a clipboard. By flip- ping it over, the PIP functionality changes from display mode to cut mode, which means that the menus mapped onto it disappear and the PIP works like a cutting plane when the user sweeps it and a brush in her dominant hand Scaling the volume through the volume. While cut- (cf. Figure 1). The VR interaction OpenGL Volumizer uses a Volume ting the volume with the PIP held environment that uses Studier- Slicing technique to render the in the non-dominant hand, it is stube in combination with the volume data, and the texture possible to simultaneously move Virtual Table is called StudyDesk, mapped onto the slices is calculat- the volume using the pen in the which was employed for this ed from the voxel data. Enlarging dominant hand (cf. Figure 4). We work. the volume by moving a sliderbar found anecdotal evidence that it Fraunhofer IGD Rostock extend- that is mapped onto the PIP is easier to detect the interesting ed the capabilities of the PIP by increases both the number of areas in the volume using both affixing a semi-reflective, semi- slices and the size of each slice, hands, which are usually trained transparent foil onto it, making it which provokes more texture cal- for different tasks. alternately a transflective pad and culation. a reflective pad. Freezing cutting planes Lookup table To jointly apply several cutting MediDesk Using Volumizer’s lookup table planes, an additional mode has to To combine OpenGL Volumizer functionality, which controls the be set between subsequent cuts. and StudyDesk, Volumizer had to opacity and colors of the volume, If the perfect cutting position is be encapsulated into OpenInventor enables us to display the data reached, clicking the button on nodes, which then become part of between certain thresholds. Mean the pen freezes the current cut- the OpenInventor scene graph. and tolerance can be set using ting plane. This is a very natural Since Volumizer acts like normal sliders on the PIP similar to those way of defining a volume of OpenInventor nodes, StudyDesk used for scaling the volume interest. itself did not have to be modified (cf. Figure 2). in any way. A status object stores all Volu- Figure 3: Maxi- mizer and application-related mum Intensity states. Every state change will also Projection on the change the status object and MediDesk therefore affect the application’s behavior. A state change is pro- voked by the following functions.

Loading volume data The application can read either a 3D tiff or a number of 2D raw format files. The volume data are divided and stored as bricks whose size depends on the texture hardware used.

12 CG topics 4/2000 Unfreezing cutting planes Figure 4: Interac- To »unfreeze« a cutting plane, tive, two-handed the PIP must be flipped back over definition of arbitrary cutting into the display mode. A simple plane in 3D space click of the pen button unfreezes the most recently defined cutting plane.

Mirroring To activate the mirror functionality the PIP must be turned over. The application is in clipping (transflective) mode if the user looks through it towards the table. It is in mirror (reflective) mode if the user looks at the PIP and sees a correct reflection of the volume projected on the table (since the PIP is working like a real mirror; cf. Figure 5). hands than using multiple sliders. will focus on analyzing the applica- Future Work There should be a fast and easy tion behavior on high-end graphics The two-handed interaction pro- way to extract arbitrary slices out engines and studying the interac- vided by StudyDesk is well suited of the volume, a feature which tion improvements achieved by for handling volume data and pro- could be of interest to researchers integrating speech command vides a very easy and natural way handling data in the fields of input and force feedback. of manipulating it. For example, geology or medicine. we found that defining the best Since the presented work has cutting position in the volume is been developed on mid-level Point of contact much easier when using both graphics hardware, future work Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Email: [email protected]

Watch our MediDesk demonstration at SIGGRAPH 2000 in the BARCO Booth #642.

Figure 5: Using the mirroring technique to display volume manipulation results to a larger audience

CG topics 4/2000 13 Enhancing Sensorspace Aware- ness in Undersea Environments

Robert J. Barton III, Dr. David Zeltzer, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação

Introduction tors and provide improved opera- One of the greatest submarine tor training. Further limitations operational challenges is the ability include the prevailing use of 2D German Abstract to gain situational awareness and display technology to present tactical understanding in the inherently multi-dimensional data. undersea environment. In subma- Finally, all sensor information Eine der größten Herausforderun- gen bei Unterwassermanövern ist rine operations, the perceived includes some degree of statistical die Fähigkeit, möglichst schnell world only exists within the enve- uncertainty. Currently, there is no taktische Einschätzungen zur lope of its sensor performance, concise method for visualizing or aktuellen Situation treffen zu kön- which is referred to as sensorspace understanding the impact of nen. Das Fraunhofer CRCG ent- awareness. Fraunhofer CRCG, in uncertainty on tactical awareness wickelt in Zusammenarbeit mit cooperation with partners industry, within this environment. akademischen Partnern, der Indu- and the Naval Undersea Warfare Fraunhofer CRCG is presently strie, NUWC Newport und dem Center (NUWC), is developing addressing this problem by (1) ONR (Office of Naval Research) new concepts to improve under- developing new tools to enhance neue Konzepte zum besseren Ver- ständnis von Sensordaten in takti- standing of the undersea sensor- the sonar operator’s performance schen Szenarien. Das Hauptpro- space. when dealing with vast amounts blem ist die ungeheuer große zu of acoustic sensor data; (2) creat- verarbeitende Datenmenge, wel- The Challenge: Interaction and ing a collaborative virtual envi- che von modernen Sensoren Visualization – Dealing with vast ronment (CVE) to increase the erzeugt werden. Das CRCG hat amounts of data effectiveness of teams; and (3) verschiedene Wege eingeschla- Today’s sonar operator is over- employing computers with adap- gen, um den Sonar-Operatoren loaded with an extraordinary tive display and presentation diese Daten geeignet präsentieren amount of processed acoustic sen- technologies to greatly improve zu können. Zum einen entwickelt das CRCG zusammen mit NUWC sor data to search through and decision-centric task fulfillment. eine neue Art von graphischen analyze. Technological advances Darstellungen, sogenannte »EZ- in sensors, signal processing, and From Raw Data to Information – grams«. Diese sollen es der Besat- computational power allow sonar Exploring New Operator Tools zung ermöglichen, schnell die operators to collect an overwhelm- At the most basic level, the chal- getroffenen Hypothesen über die ing amount of data, which in turn lenge we face is providing access aktuelle Situation zu überprüfen. generates highly cluttered displays. and manipulation tools for pro- Ein Werkzeug für das EZ-gram ist Consequently, operators are bur- cessing and correlating the vast das »Harmonogram«. dened with the need for more amount of data available to the Desweiteren wurde ein Prototyp für eine kollaborative Virtuelle training and experience to achieve sonar operator. Operators glean Umgebung (Collaborative Virtual a desirable level of performance. information by comparing pure Environment; CVE) entwickelt, Furthermore, the cognitive pro- data within a particular context welches die ankommenden Sens- cesses sonar operators use to and finding a significant correla- ordaten verarbeitet, um so rele- translate the sensor data into tion. Focusing on perceptual cues, vante Datenauszüge präzise dar- timely, accurate information is our approach is to develop inter- stellen zu können. Dieses soll die not fully understood. The sonar active, intuitive tools and tech- Entscheidungsfindung erheblich system itself is traditionally niques by which the operator can beschleunigen. Um dies zusätzlich designed to maximize signals in rapidly extract pertinent informa- zu unterstützen, wird ein 3D Vir- tual Environment (VE) zur Verfü- the presence of noise, while the tion from the raw data within a gung gestellt. Wichtige Eigen- operator must use training and specific task domain. schaften dieses Systems sind experience to efficiently detect NUWC and Fraunhofer CRCG Sprach- und Gestensteuerung and classify objects of interest. To are exploring and developing a sowie 3D Ansichten abgetasteter enhance operator performance, new class of display tools called Objekte. we must carefully analyze the EZ-grams, which can be used to cognitive processes and mental help transform raw sensor data effort of skilled and novice opera- into useful information. An EZ-

14 CG topics 4/2000 sonar operators to rapidly search for, locate and identify contacts. CVE provides decision-makers with a 3D virtual representation of the sensorspace – a visualization that integrates the data being examined by sensor and weapons operators with information about the tactical environment. This virtual environment (VE) supports interactive query, drill-down, and course-of-action (COA) analysis.

Integrated Virtual Environment for 3D Tactical Visualization Figure 1: A typical time-frequency, or »waterfall« representation of acoustic sensor data presented to a sonar operator today Contact information from sonar operators needs to be integrated into the CVE to create intuitive and timely sensorspace visualiza- Gram embodies a collection of Collaborative Virtual Environ- tions that support rapid, tactical pertinent sensor data that repre- ments (CVE) decision-making. To support train- sents the hypothesis that a contact Fraunhofer CRCG and its partners ing simulations for tactical visual- of interest. EZ-Grams allow opera- are developing a prototype CVE ization, the following multimodal tors to rapidly test hypotheses, that will employ high-perfor- interaction tools will be employed: search for corroborating data, and mance computing to »prepare« – speech command for enhanced build confidence in the solution. the incoming sensor data by per- navigation within the environ- The goal is to process the raw forming a rapid, initial analysis to ment, data as quickly as possible and indicate potential regions of inter- – prop-supported natural ges- reduce clutter from the display est to sensor operators. Advanced ture interaction for object while maintaining »reach back« visualization techniques will then selection and control, and and »feed forward« functions be used to present this information – an augmented »clipboard« as both to and from that level. to the operator. CVE will provide an extensible, adaptive user One such tool is the harmono- cogent, real-time, advanced 2D interface employed for a variety gram, which is based upon a and 3D sensor displays that can of tasks. hypothesis that energy of interest directly portray key sensor data exists in some or all of the har- attributes. »Waterfall« displays, Aside from the multimodal inter- monics associated with a given or for example, can be supplemented action enhancements, the inte- selected frequency band, or »bin.« by presentations that register fun- grated VE will be augmented by The frequency bins of the har- damental frequencies and har- visualization features that support monogram are arranged in order monics, thus giving strong, intu- the sonar operator in his detection to enhance the dynamic represen- itive cues about contacts of interest. and classification tasks: Harmono- tation of Doppler, while reducing Multimodal interaction will enable grams, as described above, can be non-correlated data in the display. Furthermore, the harmonogram displays time record data through animation, allowing the user to »replay« local history and view target or contact motion. Figure 2: An Fraunhofer CRCG and NUWC example of a Division Newport are developing harmonogram. a testbed environment in which The selected hypothesis new conceptual tools can be rapid- results in a har- ly implemented and presented to monically related actual users in a controlled evalua- frequency-fre- tion environment. These efforts are quency plot, with expected to have parallel applica- time history pre- tion in other sensor space domains, sented to the such as unattended ground sensors user as an ani- and electronic surveillance. mated sequence

CG topics 4/2000 15 displayed on the screens of the 3D into an operational, 3D visualiza- environment as well as the clip- tion performance aid for the board, thus allowing the operator SONAR/Control team. It will to compare different hypotheses enable the Navy to re-use and quickly. Sound velocity profiling, leverage its expert USW knowl- acoustic propagation paths, and edge and experience. In addition, other environmental information it will provide real-time access to are provided to enhance the important knowledge sources, operator’s understanding of the such as biologic signatures and physical undersea environment. known contacts, that are currently In summary, the integrated VE unavailable to SONAR operators. will display: Fraunhofer CRCG has estab- – 3D Views on 2D display surfaces, lished a reputation of excellence – resources, contacts, bathymetric in addressing the needs of the data, and undersea community in these – color-coded probability »clouds« areas and continues to work closely for object track solutions. with the Navy in developing this Science and Technology program. Vision: Decision-Centered Visual- ization and Interaction Often under high-stress and work- Points of contact load in high-risk situations, the SONAR/Control team must rapidly Robert J. Barton III achieve and maintain sensorspace Dr. David Zeltzer awareness – they must under- Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, stand the tactical situation within Rhode Island, USA the sensor performance envelope. Email: [email protected] The objective of our work is to [email protected] integrate the visualization of sensor signals with knowledge about – the tactical situation, – sensor capabilities, – how sensor performance is modulated by the ocean environment, and – naturalistic decision making

Figure 3: An example of the polar harmonic plot of a seismic array

16 CG topics 4/2000 Cooperative work in the engineering process – a joint research and development project with CoCreate

André Stork, Jorge Posada

In December 1998, Fraunhofer IGD VR data import (VRML support) and CoCreate Software GmbH – a One part of this project focuses Hewlett-Packard company – started on the integrating VR data into a 3-year strategic research and OneSpace while retaining all the development effort around CoCre- collaborative functionality provid- ate’s software product OneSpace. ed by the system. As a compliment OneSpace is a product develop- to this feature, the CoCreate team German Abstract ment environment that provides also decided to support collabora- distributed teams with collaboration on VRML files, since several tive access to product data. It engineering and design applica- Im Dezember 1998 wurde zwi- offers a distributed environment tions (for example FEM analysis) schen der CoCreate Software where CAD models of different export results primarily to VRML. GmbH – einer Hewlett Packard sources can be handled, even by In this manner, a broader spectrum Tochtergesellschaft – und dem users who are not familiar with of applications can benefit from Fraunhofer IGD eine strategische CAD-systems. the collaborative characteristics of Forschungs- und Entwicklungsalli- anz für die folgenden drei Jahre Because Fraunhofer-IGD brings OneSpace. gestartet. Im Mittelpunkt des Pro- its expertise in 3D interaction, As can be seen in figure 1, col- jektes steht die Weiterentwicklung modeling, graphics and network- laboration on the VRML model is von CoCreate’s OneSpace-Tech- ing to this collaborative project, integrated into OneSpace with nologie. OneSpace ist das erste the research results may be found complete functionality, yet still kommerzielle Softwareprodukt, in the CoCreate OneSpace product. preserves the product structure. das allen Mitgliedern eines Pro- Release 4, launched in mid-1999, duktentwicklungsteams das Kom- already contains the initial results. Intuitive, interactive assembling & munizieren und Kooperieren mit Currently, two joint develop- positioning of part models ihren 3D-CAD-Daten über das Internet ermöglicht, unabhängig ments are in progress: The collaborative discussion of a davon, von welchem CAD-System – VR data import into OneSpace CAD model in a distributed envi- die Daten stammen. maintaining as much semantics ronment naturally leads to a stage Das Fraunhofer IGD bringt in das (e.g. the product structure) as where not only passive discussion Projekt seine Expertise in den possible in the conversion step, is possible, but also interaction Bereichen: 3D-Interaktion, Model- and and active manipulation of the lierung, Graphik und Kommunika- – Intuitive, interactive assembling model. In CAD, this is especially tion ein. Auf diesem Weg finden and positioning of part models. true for the positioning and neue Forschungsergebnisse in die Produktlinie OneSpace von CoCreate Eingang. Erste Ergebnis- se der Kooperation sind bereits in OneSpace Version 4, die Mitte 1999 auf den Markt kam, realisiert. Zur Zeit laufen zwei gemeinsame Entwicklungen: – VR-Datenimport in OneSpace, wobei die Aufrechterhaltung der Produktstruktur eine wesentliche Rolle spielt und – Intuitives interaktives Positionie- ren und Zusammenbauen von Teilmodellen aus unterschiedli- chen CAD-Systemen zu Bau- gruppen. Figure 1: FEM data as VRML import

CG topics 4/2000 17 back immediately shows the user what can still be done with the related parts. After a relationship has been established, the user can move the parts using configurable discrete values for rotation and translation until the final exact configuration is reached. If a topological relationship introduced by the user cannot be satis- fied by the system because it con- tradicts already established relationships, the system tells the user precisely why it is not possible. With this set of easy-to-use interactions, users can perform complex assembly and positioning tasks. In comparison with known approaches, the advantages of this method are as follows: – The user need not build up a mental model of the con- Figure 2: Assembly Sequence straints (and their impact) introduced in the model. – The impact of an assembly step assembling of parts that typically back given, the user can decide is immediately visualized. come from different design teams. what the next step is, and proceed – The remaining DOF are visual- The following requirements need until the assembly or positioning ized. to be fulfilled in this scenario for operation is finished. This offers – Contradictions and errors are the assembly and positioning of the user significant advantages recognized immediately and parts: compared to common approaches fedback to the user. – It must be achieved in a very that require the user to work at a easy and intuitive way, even by complex mathematical/analytical Figure 2 illustrates the process: A users not familiar with CAD level (e.g. completing the defini- block with two holes and a block systems and their proprietary tion of a coordinate system, or with two extrusions are to be assembly techniques predefining a set of several con- assembled. First, the two axes of a – It should occur in a distributed straints to be checked and solved). boss/hole pair are assigned to context Internally – the user is not each other. Immediately the first – It should be done by means of exposed to this explicitly – the sys- part moves so that the axes are a 2D input device (mouse), tem is based on the fact that coincident the remaining degrees since the use of 3D devices is every relationship between two of freedom are displayed. With a not yet widespread enough. topological elements has an effect second axis assignment, the on the Degrees of Freedom (DOF) remaing part is automatically Taking these requirements into for the involved parts. DOF refers rotated (according to the avail- account, Fraunhofer IGD devel- to the number of possible rota- able DOF) so that the other bolt oped a highly intuitive, distributed tions around or translations along fits into the second hole. The visu- assembly interaction method linearly independent axes. Initially al feedback changes correspond- (patent pending). The user follows a part has 6 DOF (3 for translation ingly. With just two more clicks, a real-world metaphor where and 3 for rotation). The insertion the two faces are assigned to he/she does not need to know any of a topological relation reduces each other and the »counterpart« details about the mathematical the degrees of freedom of the reaches its final position. assembly model of the system. involved parts. A part is consid- The user merely relates parts to ered completely positioned when each other – based on their topo- the remaining DOFs are 0. Point of contact logical characteristics such as faces, An important property of the edges/axes and vertices – with a stepwise assembly method is the Dr. Joachim Rix simple mouse-click on each part display of visual feedback attached Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, to be assembled, one step at the to the parts after each topological Germany time. Based on the visual feed- relationship is created. The feed- Email: [email protected]

18 CG topics 4/2000 Extended VR: Combining Real and Virtual Workplaces

Oliver Bimber, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação, André Stork, Dr. Dieter Schmalstieg

Extended Workbenches We use a large half-silvered mir- To realize a seamless integration ror – placed at a constant position of virtual reality into habitual between the Virtual Table and a workplaces, we must support a neighboring real workbench – as simultaneous and equivalent han- a cost-efficient optical combiner dling of both environments – the that merges the transmitted virtual and the real one. image of the real world with the Working simultaneously with a reflected image of the virtual combination of virtual and real world (which is projected on the objects and tools should be possi- Virtual Table). ble without leaving the workplace Although the mirror presents a or alternating between two or physical barrier between the two more environments. environments, it supports a palette German Abstract In contrast to pure VR, aug- of new and effective interaction mented reality (AR) offers users a metaphors. Um eine nahtlose Einbettung von combination of the real world Switching between the immer- Virtueller Realität (VR) in gewohn- with virtual objects, by mixing the sive virtual environment and the te Arbeitsplätze zu gewährleisten, image of the real environment augmented real environment is muß ein simultaner und äquivalen- that is perceived by the viewer handled intuitively on a gaze- ter Umgang mit beiden Umgebun- with additional graphical elements. directed basis (i.e. whether the gen – der virtuellen und der realen Current AR technology (such as user is looking at the Virtual – unterstützt werden. Das gleich- see-through head-mounted dis- Table, or through the mirror at zeitige Arbeiten mit einer Kombi- plays or video-mixing) is still too the real workbench). nation aus virtuellen und realen cumbersome for most workplaces, Note that the application cases Objekten und Werkzeugen sollte möglich sein, ohne dabei den and its application differs greatly described below represent work Arbeitsplatz zu verlassen oder zwi- from our habitual work activities. in progress and are far from schen zwei Umgebungen zu alter- To overcome a virtual/real world being complete. nieren. Im Gegensatz zur reinen separation, we are extending the VR, bietet die erweiterte Realität interaction range of workbench- Hybrid Modeling and Assembly (engl. Augmented Reality; AR) die like projection systems into the Virtual mock-ups (VMUs) are Möglichkeit, reale und virtuelle surrounding real environment. assemblies of computer generated Welten miteinander zu kombinie- Our current efforts focus on the product components that are used ren. Heutige AR-Technologie (wie development of an Extended Vir- to speed up the product design z.B. See-through Head-Mounted Displays oder Video-Mixing) ist tual Table, which might represent process and to find cheaper, more immer noch zu schwerfällig und a link between the real and virtual efficient solutions. VMUs can be deren Anwendung weicht stark workplace. used to gain an impression of the von den gewohnten Arbeitsakti- components and their behavior vitäten ab. Um eine Trennung zwi- within an assembly (and to make schen virtuellen und realen Welten early changes) before the newly zu umgehen, entwickeln wir eine designed product actually exists. Erweiterung für tischähnliche Pro- VR environments such as this are jektionsgeräte, die sowohl eine becoming increasingly common Interaktion im virtuellen, als auch im umgebenden realen Raum for supporting an immersive, ermöglichen soll. Diese Erweite- computer-aided modeling and rung stellt eine mögliche Schnitt- assembly of VMUs; however, stelle zwischen einem virtuellen strong references between VMUs und einem realen Arbeits-tisch and corresponding physical mock- dar. ups (PMUs) cannot be created Figure 1: Hybrid Modeling and Assem- until the VMUs are physically bly on an Extended Virtual Table built.

CG topics 4/2000 19 Figure 2: Immer- sive Telecoopera- tion

A combined (virtual and real) viewer that enables users to inter- share combined (virtual and real) workplace, such as the Extended act with the model and see their workspaces (e.g. a hybrid teleco- Virtual Table, offers users the collaborators on a desktop screen. operative modeling and assembly). ability to combine VMUs, which Communicating through the Note that simultaneous visibility exist within the virtual environ- screen, however, barely gives an of both the local and the remote ment, and PMUs, which are placed impression of presence. design spaces (as illustrated for on the real workbench. Our extended workspace, which clarification in figure 2) is not VMUs, for example, can be can be used for telecooperation physically possible. Rather an intu- modeled over the Virtual Table’s tasks (especially conceptual product itive, gaze-directed switching is surface and can then be assembled design), opens new dimensions of supported. together with its corresponding telepresence. While looking at the PMU within the real environment Virtual Table, users can work within (e.g. for design review purposes). their local virtual design space that Points of contact Rather than handling PMUs and is displayed on the table’s projec- VMUs separately during the entire tion plane. By looking at the mir- Oliver Bimber product design process (as it is the ror (the real workbench is not illu- Fraunhofer IGD, Rostock, case nowadays), these hybrid mock- minated), one can see a life-size, Germany ups (HMUs) offer an early point of video-stream of their collabora- Email: [email protected] reference between VMUs and tors and their local design spaces existing PMUs, thus supporting a mixed with graphical elements Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação more efficient and more realistic (displayed on the Virtual Table Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, early design review and possible and reflected by the mirror). Since Rhode Island, USA rework. this scenario is the same for each Email: [email protected] of the collaborators, it gives all of Immersive Telecooperation the users the impression of being Andrè Stork The rapid pace of corporate glob- present in the same environment. Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, alization, reorganization, and liq- By applying appropriate interac- Germany uidation creates strong demands tion techniques, users can not only Email: [email protected] on telecooperative product devel- collaborate on design review, but opment. also take direct actions within the Dr. Dieter Schmalstieg Especially during the conceptual shared design space. Vienna University of Technology, design phase, telecooperative Collaborators, for instance, can Austria CAD systems are used to support exchange virtual components sim- Email: [email protected] a shared design review and mod- ply by picking them up from their eling between several distributed local design space and pushing parties. them through the mirror to the Two or more collaborators can opposite environment. Thereby, bring together and discuss differ- the component’s information ent virtual components within a (such as geometry, product data, digital design space and, thereby, etc.) would immediately be trans- make use of an efficient, location- mitted over a network. spanning form of teamwork. Although the complete shared The telepresence factor (i.e. the design space and its content is vis- impression of being present) comes ible to all collaborators, the inter- up short in most systems. Usually action within the single local design live audio/video streams are spaces might be restricted. This embedded within a shared CAD scenario can also be extended to

20 CG topics 4/2000 An Open Source Cross-Platform High-Performance Scenegraph API

OpenSG Forum im ZGDV e.V. Dirk Reiners

What is a Scenegraph? free-form surface rendering at 3D graphics hardware is becoming high performance and quality. ubiquitous. Looking into the Cosmo3D didn't deliver on all its graphics card area of a computer promises and was replaced by the shop, it's hard to find one that Fahrenheit project, a collaboration doesn't support accelerated 3D of sgi, Microsoft and Hewlett- rendering at performance levels Packard (HP), in late 1997. that sometimes rival workstation- In the meantime, other scene- class machines. The most widely graphs had emerged, some of used API to drive 3D graphics them from research institutions hardware is OpenGL. It has sur- like the INI-GraphicsNet, e.g. the passed all other APIs in popularity Y system used as the basis of and is available on all platforms, VRcom's commercial VR system from multi-million dollar graphics Virtual Design 2, or the Avalon supercomputers to workstations, system. New commercial offers PCs and game consoles like the included Java3D from Sun Playstation2. Microsystems. Writing full applications on top But the Fahrenheit initiative fell of OpenGL can be tedious. It's not apart, and at SIGGRAPH 1999 sgi always obvious how to get the publicly stated that they were not best performance from the graph- going to build another public ics card, so a significant level of scenegraph. OpenInventor had work and experience is required long been abandoned by them, as to write an efficient graphics sys- had Cosmo3D and Optimizer. tem. To lift that burden from the The situation was dire. Many shoulders of the application writ- developers in VR had been waiting ers, high-level APIs have been since the Cosmo announcement in written, which usually structure 1995 for a new system. And there German Abstract the geometric data to be rendered wasn't going to be one. in the form of a graph containing geometry, transformations and What is OpenSG? Szenengraphen sind ein gutes other data, and are collectively The goal of OpenSG is to be a Hilfsmittel, um 3D-Graphikappli- known as scenegraph systems. high-performance cross-platform kationen effizient entwickeln zu können. Einige vielversprechende scenegraph. Clean and easy to use Entwicklungen in den letzten Jah- Which Scenegraphs are there? multiprocessing is an important ren wurden leider nicht fertigge- Over the years a number of scene- feature, as well as free-form sur- stellt. Daher wurde das OpenSG graphs have been written, both face support. In addition, it needs Forum gegründet, das die Ent- commercial and in research con- to be able to drive multi-screen wicklung eines neuen Szenengra- texts. The oldest, best established projection systems like Powerwalls phen als Open Source Projekt and most widely used are Per- or Caves. To ensure its applicability unterstützen will. 19 Mitglieder former, specialized for visual sim- and usefulness in the future, high aus verschiedenen Industriezwei- ulation, and OpenInventor, for flexibility and extensibility is gen haben sich als Gründungsmit- glieder zusammengefunden. desktop applications and easy designed in. Open Source beeinhaltet die freie extendibility. It is not a complete VR system, Verfügbarkeit des Quell-Codes für In an attempt to reconcile and but rather a general rendering alle interessierten Parteien und replace these popular scenegraphs, base to simplify application devel- erlaubt damit eine breit verteilte while at the same time adding opment. The experience of the und effiziente Entwicklung. the emerging Windows platform, last few years reveals that the sgi built Cosmo3D. On top of that realization of such a system cannot came Optimizer, which added be trusted to a single company.

CG topics 4/2000 21 Developers need to be sure of sufficient. To ensure this kind of have begun investigating ways to continuous availability, develop- committed leadership, the support free-form surfaces in the ment and maintenance, and an OpenSG Forum was founded. system, an endeavor that still Open Source development model requires much exploration. We allows this. What is the OpenSG Forum? are still looking for support in The OpenSG Forum is an industry designing and implementing this Why Open Source? forum whose purpose is to pro- part of the system. The concept of Open Source cen- mote and support the develop- ters on the availability of the ment of OpenSG; it has no other If you are interested in the system complete source code to anyone economic goals. The members are and would like to discuss your ideas interested in it, free of charge. companies, organizations and and needs with us, join us at our This increases the potential and individuals who have an interest Birds-Of-A-Feather session at SIG- actual user and developer base in or a need for the development GRAPH. Watch the BOF-Board for significantly, and it also allows a and availability of OpenSG. These the time and place. large number of users and devel- common goals unite them, and the opers to analyze the code. The forum can promote and achieve idea behind it is empowering the these goals using the combined Points of contact user to not only see that there is a influence and power of all the problem, but to also try to find members. Dipl.-Inform. Dirk Reiners out what it is and maybe even fix The forum also functions as a Dr. Stefan Müller it. But even if he's not able to fix governing board to define the OpenSG Forum im ZGDV, it somebody else on the Internet direction the project should take. Darmstadt, Germany might be, and not necessarily one Discipline and decisions are handled Email: [email protected] of the initial developers. by a technologically competent [email protected] The Open Source licenses ensure employee of the forum, paid by URL: http://www.opensg.org the continued availability of the the member fees, who coordinates source code. Even if the initial the source repository, integrates developer abandons the system, contributions from other people, somebody else can take over and and ensures code quality. All mentioned trademarks are proper- ensure that the system stays alive. The forum was founded on Jan- ty of their respective owners. The open availability also makes it uary 28, 2000. The 19 founding possible for research institutions members come from different Forum Members: to base their specific research on industry sectors, such as car manu- ABB Research Center it without having to reinvent facturing, airplane manufacturing, Adam Opel AF everything from scratch. virtual reality system vendors, Audi AG To make an Open Source project research institutions and more. BMW AG successful, some prerequisites Daimler Chrysler Aerospace AG should be fulfilled. It needs a OpenSG Roadmap Daimler Chrysler AG good base to begin with. This An initial version of OpenSG pub- Fraunhofer IAO base doesn't have to be complete, lished on the Web in June 2000 Fraunhofer IGD but it has to be technically sound contains a working kernel that can INI-GraphicsNet Stiftung Instituto Superior and coherent. A small group of handle parallel threads working Max-Planck Institut für Informatik experienced people is better suited on the same scenegraph at the Realax AG for designing a concise, focused same time and render images Siemens AG, ZT specification than a large group. suitable for mono and stereo dis- Silikon Graphics GmbH Therefore, we created a design plays. A number of example pro- Softlab GmbH document and refined it with grams showing how to integrate TU Darmstadt experienced people from academia the system into different GUI TU München (e.g. Iowa State University and toolkits simplifies the creation of Volkswagen AG Brown University) and industry new programs and tests. vrcom GmbH Wiese L. C., Wesel, Germany (e.g. sgi) before creating an initial The goal of this initial release version in-house. was to provide alpha-level code to To ensure that it will become kick off the Open Source process. useful and stay that way for some Because the APIs and some struc- time to come, there needs to be tures were not yet solidified, it continuous support, preferably in was not ready to perform as an the form of a committed project application base, but rather to leader who has time to work on demonstrate the concepts. the project. Someone working on We expect to have a more solid it only in his/her spare time is not version of OpenSG in 2001. We

22 CG topics 4/2000 The Generalized Atlas: A Multimedia Medical Database

Dr. John D. Coleman, Jörn Kohlhammer, Bala Nakshatrala, Joachim Tesch, Dr. Shuhua Zhang

Introduction and Motivation lation. Clearly, such methodologies In the medical arena, multimedia are specific to the application of data is at the heart of patient dis- the end-user. While it is possible ease screening/monitoring, diag- to design ad-hoc solutions within nosis, surgical planning, therapy, each domain of application, it is and long-term follow-up for out- useful to propose a general repre- come analysis. This type of data sentation scheme that supports includes structured alphanumeric more rapid and efficient develop- data with medical terms and ment. The generalized atlas is descriptions, medical images, video intended to perform this function. and audio. Currently, doctors must Through its specification of models deal with an ever-increasing vol- that include the ontology of the ume of such data, which they are specific field of endeavor and expected to analyze quickly and behaviors that provide computa- make accurate diagnoses. While tion, visualization and interaction traditional Picture Archiving Com- with the underlying data, the atlas munication Systems (PACS) support mediates and organizes data into medical imaging, they are severely meaningful, informative units. lacking in their ability to collabo- ratively communicate medical Generalized Atlas images, perform datafusion across The medical atlas under develop- German Abstract modalities, or search and retrieve ment at Fraunhofer CRCG is a data based on image content. highly interactive, online, domain- Visualization and interaction are specific knowledge repository that Das Projekt MedBase des Fraunhofer CRCG bildet den also rather limited. As public incorporates various 3D imaging Grundstein des zukünftigen Wis- demand for faster, cheaper, and modalities. Digital atlases contain sensdatenbanksystems für multi- better health care continues to pre-segmented, labeled and regis- mediale medizinische Daten. Med- rise, systems that can provide tered data that can be presented Base basiert auf dem Konzept medical personnel with context to the user in a flexible, customiz- eines verallgemeinerten Atlasses specific information critical to the able manner. The Visible Human und wurde entworfen, um die decision-making process will play project and the Human Brain pro- Visualisierung, Manipulation, Suche, a critical role. For this to happen, ject at the US National Library of Speicherung und Interpretation a new generation of intelligent Medicine have intensified activity von multimedialen Medizindaten zu unterstützen. Die zugrundelie- medical database systems has to in this area. We are currently genden Basistechnologien sind emerge. developing dynamic atlases that Datenanalyse, Datenfusion und can automate a range of behaviors Data-Mining. Gegenwärtige Arbei- The MedBase Project partially (e.g., interactive steering) ten konzentrieren sich auf compu- Conventional databases offer or entirely, including, for example, terunterstützte Chirurgie (CAS) somewhat limited ability to query, the problem of segmenting and mit einem Schwerpunkt auf 2D visualize, and explore their content. labeling patient-specific data. To und 3D-Bildmodalitäten von PACS To be truly informative, data facts accommodate modular develop- (Picture Archiving and Communi- must be integrated and related in ment of domain limited reposito- cation Systems) Systemen. Die ent- wickelte Anwendung soll zukünf- meaningful ways. Traditionally ries, our approach has been to tig die Qualität von medizinischen this is left to the end user. With provide a generic framework that Entscheidungen und Operations- the explosive growth of available supports linking atlases with vari- training steigern – eine Verbesse- data facts in recent years, it is ous content into a distributed rung, die zu einer Reduktion von imperative to provide methodolo- knowledge base (cf. Figure 1). Kosten und Risiken führen sollte. gies that prestructure and organize Several atlases can be linked to volumes of data in a manner that each other and client applications supports rapid intake and assimi- via a LAN or WAN. The right side

CG topics 4/2000 23 image includes rotation, skew, and scale. Manual translation was employed to obtain a first approx- imation, followed by an automated process incorporating elastic deformation. The CICLOP (Cus- tomizable Inference and Concept Language for Object Processing), a knowledge representation system based on Description Logics, is cur- Figure 3: Volume registration Figure 1: System overview rently being used as our knowledge base reasoning engine. CICLOP, along with the semantic network, ment suite with an XML parser, provides the basic building blocks XSL processor, and an XML class for designing intelligence in the generator, all written in Java. In atlas. addition, the atlas needs standard database functionality. All the Representation Schemes volumes, slices, segments, and While other databases could be associated labels are stored within employed, we have chosen Oracle the Oracle 8i database. Segments 8i as it provides many useful fea- within the volume are ordered in tures for supporting the atlas. accordance with a semantic net- Among the more interesting fea- work-based indexing scheme. Figure 2: Atlas architecture tures is the integrated Java VM. Semantic networks have been Java can now be used almost every- widely and successfully used as where in the database as an alter- knowledge representational of Figure 1 depicts a possible sce- native to PL/SQL, Oracle’s propri- schemes for pattern analysis and nario in which TeleInViVo (a col- etary programming language. The recognition. For our development laborative volume visualizer) has atlas makes use of this novelty by we have relied in part on the access to a PACS server and an storing all the intelligence for the UMLS (Unified Medical Language atlas server/manager. reasoning system as JSPs (Java System) knowledge sources from The three-tiered system archi- Stored Procedures) within the the National Library of Medicine. tecture of the atlas is shown in database. Another enhancement Of the four knowledge sources Figure 2. All data resides in the is the commitment to XML as a contained within the UMLS, there database, and connections to the metadata standard with Oracle 8i. are two in particular that we cur- database are handled via standard Oracle offers an XML develop- rently employ; the Metathesaurus JDBC. A central part of the atlas is the component manager, which mediates the processing and reasoning, the semantic network (i.e., representations), client access and behaviors. Connections to and from other atlases and clients applications (e.g., TeleInViVo) are set up using the translation capabilities of XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language). The Manager commu- nicates with the reasoning engine via KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format) and supports agents talk- ing KQML (Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language). In prin- ciple, models within the atlas can be of many different types including statistical, geometric, and volumetric. Volumetric models are currently supported. Behaviors can also be quite broad. Figure 3 illustrates the utilization of a registration algorithm. The distorted Figure 4: Visualizing a heart atlas with TeleInViVo

24 CG topics 4/2000 Figure 5: Translu- Future R&D cent and opaque The current effort has laid a foun- structures within dation upon which to build. Many the heart atlas components are only partially implemented to serve as proof of concept. Looking into the future, the Generalized Atlas will be further augmented through a more comprehensive set of behaviors, such as extracting and storing logical descriptors of patient specific data for subsequent content-based retrieval. We foresee datafusion enhancing the understanding of complex data sets. In addition, simulations will provide insight for critical decisionmaking And intelligent aids will support data mining and advanced diagnostics. In general, active atlases will be and the Semantic Network. The Atlas Visualization critical to the process of displaying, Metathesaurus is an integration TeleInViVo has been used as our fusing, searching, segmenting, of more than 40 independent visualization tool and as the user registering, and interacting with medical vocabularies, and the interface for accessing data and data in a manner that has contex- Semantic Network defines a large knowledge stored in the database. tual significance to medical per- and complex network of medical TeleInViVo, developed at Fraun- sonnel. In time, such knowledge objects, processes, subjects, syn- hofer CRCG, is an award winning repositories will be seamlessly onyms, and relationships. Currently collaborative volume visualization integrated into the everyday work the Semantic Network supplied by application that is capable of han- experience. the UMLS is a work-in-progress dling any imaging modality stored and is insufficient for our needs, in DICOM-3 format. Figure 4 shows thus we are temporarily filling in a screenshot of TeleInViVo access- Point of contact missing components where neces- ing a heart atlas and its semantic sary. Nonetheless, the use of veri- content, and rendering it in isolate Dr. John D. Coleman fied and validated sources will be mode. The user has control over Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, critical in establishing universal segment selection, color, trans- Rhode Island, USA standards that are consistent parency, and visualization mode Email: [email protected] across systems and applications. (i.e., highlight or isolate). Figure 5 depicts the same atlas with degrees of transparency applied to inter- vening structures. In Figure 6, manually guided visual datafusion has been performed between different imaging modalities.

Figure 6: Manually guided datafusion of an MRI and CT dataset

CG topics 4/2000 25 Next-Generation E-Commerce: XML+Mobile Agent+Trust

Dr. Jian Zhao, Thomas Blum

Introduction system for the estimation and With the growth of the Internet inference of trust on another par- and the proliferation of e-com- ty. The combination of a semantic merce, security and privacy issues web, trust, and mobile agent have become a major concern for technologies will enable efficient both businesses and consumers. and secure next-generation e-com- German Abstract Strong encryption and authentica- merce in both business-to-con- tion are helping to build the trust- sumer and business-to-business In Folge des starken Wachstums worthiness of transactions over transactions. von Internet und E-Commerce the Internet, but it is not yet suffi- gewinnen Fragen der Sicherheit cient for many businesses and cus- Enabling Technologies for Next und des Datenschutzes immer tomers to use e-commerce with Generation E-Commerce mehr an Bedeutung für Anbieter confidence. The issue is trust: We believe that three technologies und Kunden. Starke Verschlüsse- many consumers do not trust the will bring e-commerce to the next lungstechniken und Authentifizie- Internet to provide robust security generation by increasing efficiency, rung helfen zwar, Vertrauen in die Abwicklung von Geschäften über for online transactions, and many compatibility, autonomy, and das Netz aufzubauen, schaffen es businesses neither trust e-com- security: aber nicht, in Fragen des Vertrau- merce systems nor believe they ens zu überzeugen. Zusätzlich zu will be able to evaluate or control XML: Create a Semantic Web diesem Mangel an Vertrauen, their business risk when using Today’s Web is a vast unstructured sorgt fehlende Automatisierung them. mass of information. HTML was für ein Übriges. In addition to the trust problem, designed to provide a usable inter- Am CRCG wird gegenwärtig ein the lack of automation is another face for humans, rather than to Trusted Mobile Agent Environ- major problem in present e-com- communicate with other machines. ment for E-Commerce entwickelt. Zur Zeit befindet sich speziell ein merce. Currently, almost all com- While HTML reflects the structure Trust Management System (TMS) panies offer, or plan to offer, and limited presentation of a in Entwicklung, das allen an einer products for purchase over the Web page, it conveys nothing Transaktion beteiligten Partner Internet using e-commerce. How- about the meaning of the marked eine sichere und komfortable ever, none of their e-commerce document. Search engines and Geschäftsumgebung bereitstellt. sites is truly automated: human software programs have difficulty TMS basiert auf einem Trust-Repu- intervention is required for brows- using information that is not tation Modell, das seinerseits wie- ing, selecting, ordering and paying semantically encoded. derum auf Grundsätzen und Emp- for products. In other words, cur- The World Wide Web consortium fehlungen gegründet ist. Empfeh- lungen sind von Individuen abge- rent e-commerce sites do not (W3C) is currently working on a gebene Statements über andere include semantic representations series of recommendations based Individuen, während die Grund- of data, services, processes, or on the extensible markup lan- sätze zur Interpretation dieser Sta- business models that are readable guage (XML), a common syntax tements dienen. In ihrem Zusam- by software programs (agents). for encoding information and menspiel vermag man mit diesen At CRCG, we have designed a their structures. Several industry- Mitteln Vertrauensverhältnisse zu framework for establishing, pro- focused initiatives have been gewissen Individuen auszudrücken viding, and managing trust in formed to work on standards und auf Dritte zu übertragen. mobile agent-based e-commerce. based on XML for interoperable Zudem beruht das Vertrauen in einer gewissen Domäne auf dem Each e-commerce site will be rep- frameworks for e-commerce Ansehen, das in dieser Domäne resented by metadata that rates application domains. For example, erworben wurde. Das Ansehen the site for content and trustwor- XML-based Electronic Data Inter- wiederum beruht auf den Empfeh- thiness, and these ratings will be change (EDI) focuses on business- lungen von Dritten (Trusted Third provided by independent trusted to-business e-commerce for retail Parties – TTP). third parties. Each e-commerce transactions, and the supply-chain consumer or merchant will be from manufacturer to wholesaler provided with a trust management to retailer. Internet Open Trading

26 CG topics 4/2000 Protocol (IOTP) specifies a consis- the appliance to diagnose the an overuse of a host’s local tent, interoperable environment problem. resources. A malicious host is an for selling to consumers on the This fundamental transformation agent server that attempts to spy Web. Rules range from how to of agent-enabled e-commerce is out and manipulate agent code offer items for sale, to making strongly coupled to the success of or data and control flow, provide payment choices, delivering prod- the next-generation Web, rich with fake system calls, and execute ucts, generating receipts, and semantic representation. This agent code incorrectly, or to resolving problems. structured information would per- reverse engineer and manipulate mit data to be read easily, exchanged, agent code and trade secrets. Mobile Agents: Automate Elec- understood, and acted upon by Therefore, to provide trustworthi- tronic Transactions mobile software agents. ness, it is necessary that both Mobile software agents are pro- agent and host are well protected. grams that act on behalf of a user Security and Trust: Build a Web of or another program and, for a Trust Trusted Mobile-Agent Environ- specified mission, are able to Two unfamiliar parties engage in ment for E-Commerce migrate from host to host on a a trade and want to conduct busi- At CRCG, a trusted mobile agent network. Compared to the con- ness in a secure and fair manner. environment for e-commerce is ventional client-server paradigm, Most of the security issues, such as under development. The current mobile agents provide fast and confidentiality, authentication, work develops a trust management efficient interaction with a remote integrity, and non-repudiation, system (TMS) to provide each service, and save network band- are addressed by well-known entity involved in an e-commerce width. cryptographic algorithms and pro- transaction with a comfortable Numerous applications could tocols. However, even if we have and trusted environment. benefit from mobile agent tech- a secure channel connecting us to Our TMS is based on a trust-rep- nology, such as Internet informa- a party whose identity can be ver- utation model that is composed tion retrieval and network man- ified, we still have no way to con- of policies and credentials. Cre- agement. However, the greatest firm the trustworthiness of that dentials are statements issued by potential for mobile agents has party. To meet this challenge, we an entity about another entity, been e-commerce applications in need a trust management mecha- and a policy is a collection of rules which the agents automate and nism to manage the histories and for chaining together statements facilitate the phases of brokering, reputation of parties involved in made in credentials. When com- negotiation, payment and delivery the business to create a web of bined, credentials and policies can of a transaction. trust. express direct trust in an entity In the brokering phase, an While the mobile agent auto- and delegate that trust to a third agent roams the Web, evaluates mates the electronic transactions, party. Moreover, trust in an entity available products, and decides it also introduces new security in a certain domain can be derived what to buy and from whom to threats, such as malicious agents from the reputation of this entity buy, based on a purchaser’s and malicious hosts. A malicious in such a domain. The reputation, requirements and preferences. In agent is an agent that performs in turn, is calculated and provided the next phase, agents could harmful actions, such as unautho- by trusted third parties (TTP). Sev- negotiate deals autonomously rized access and alteration of local eral major components of a TMS according to a set of user con- resources (data, system calls), or are described as follows: straints and strategic guidelines. In the payment and delivery phase, an agent may automatically fill out a form to place an order, process the order, and track the ship- ment of the product. So far, the final service and evaluation phase is the area least explored for mobile agent applications. Never- theless, mobile agents may find a promising future in this phase. For example, suppose a household appliance has an interface to the Internet and can serve as a platform for agents, say, using JINI Figure 1: Mobile technology. If the appliance is out agent searching of order, a mobile agent may for the best migrate from the manufacturer to price

CG topics 4/2000 27 Figure 2: Mobile the specific policy that governs a agent enabled request is fetched. Next, the cre- transaction dential manager is called to verify the credentials that are included in the request or obtained from a TTP. To process the attributes that connect the policy via credentials to the requesting entity, the rele- vant interpreter module is called to verify the rules (policy) against the statements (reputation ex- pressed in the credentials). The result of this process is either compliance or inconsistency. In the latter case, if the policy lists additional trusted entities, the compliance checker asks the credential Credentials domains. The policy may contain manager to search for another A credential consists of one or the fields such as the TTP’s names, chain of trust. Otherwise, a request more statements by the issuer public keys, reputation attributes, denial or granted message is sent about the subject, and it is repre- and logical operators. The TTP’s to the calling application. sented in the form of metadata public key is needed to non- After the request is processed, and authorization certificates. A ambiguously identify the TTP. The the compliance checker updates a credential may contain fields such reputation attribute consists of recommender-database. In this as the network address of the the domain and the minimum database, the TMS stores the re- issuing entity, public key of the reputation value required of the commender-reputations of all issuing entity, network address of domain. Logical operators deter- TTPs specified in its policies. After the subject, public key of the sub- mine how the TTPs and attributes each transaction, the behavior of ject, validity dates of the creden- have to be combined. the entity involved in the transac- tial, trust delegation flag, reputation is rated. The discrepancy tion attribute set, and/or signature Interpreter between this rating and the re- of the issuing entity. The trust dele- The interpreter is responsible for commendation is determined and gation flag determines whether processing the attributes of the combined with previous experience the subject is allowed to delegate policy and credentials. Rules for- to update the recommender-repu- trust to another party. The cre- mulated in the policy, then, are tation. dential’s reputation attributes evaluated against the statements express the subject’s reputation in the credentials. described in two fields, domain Point of contact and value. The domain shows the Credential Manager context in which the entity’s repu- This module fetches a set of cre- Dr. Jian Zhao tation value was determined. For dentials to be used during a policy Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, example, credit card history is a evaluation. Different message Rhode Island, USA reputation domain for consumers, transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP) are Email: [email protected] and robustness, reliability and utilized depending on the kind of resource availability are all repu- credential. Moreover, this module tation domains of a service is also responsible for the verifica- provider (host). The value is com- tion of credentials. The module posed of three numbers: the num- masters the popular algorithms of ber of rated transactions, the public key cryptography to verify average reported value of these all kinds of signatures. Secondly, transactions, and their deviation. time periods during which a credential is valid are included in cre- Policy dentials, and these are checked Policy determines the rules under for compliance. which a particular transaction is allowed or a request is granted. It Compliance Checker specifies trusted third parties (TTPs) The heart of the TMS is the com- that recommend entities. Further, pliance checker, which determines it states the minimum reputation how a request issued by an entity value the entity requires of should be handled. As a first step,

28 CG topics 4/2000 M5 Web-Based Training System

Dan Gross, Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação

Introduction – the cost-efficient reuse of The benefits of IT-based learning existing materials supported by and training are undisputed: a metadata-driven fuzzy search Independence from time and engine, location of the learning experience – the mechanisms for courseware reduces logistical cost and makes adaptation at runtime, and the training accessible to many – the quality of service assurance more students at any point in time. mechanisms throughout the Furthermore, the training can be courseware lifecycle. easily embedded in everyday working environments, greatly By employing dynamic referencing, supporting on-demand and on- M5 strongly supports the concept the-job training. The breakthrough of centralized update of frequently of IT-based training, however, is changing courseware entities and still hampered by the fact that the propagation of such changes the development of high-quality throughout the associated net- multimedia courseware materials work. Consequently, M5 supports is far too costly and its mainte- the highest degree of consistency nance too expensive. In addition, and conformity of courseware the integration of IT-based tech- between geographically distribut- nologies into existing training ed training centers. environments requires a level of M5’s highly flexible component- flexibility and customizability that based core architecture allows for the current off-the-shelf course- seamless integration with existing German Abstract ware management systems cannot training environments. Established, support. proven or simply familiar author- A system that supports all these ing tools, databases, billing systems Die Vorteile von computergestütz- facets of IT-based learning and and assessment processes can tem, web-basiertem Lernen und training faces two main challenges: serve as components to the core Training ist weithin akzeptiert und providing learning-objective-based M5 architecture, thus greatly der Bedarf für Systeme, die den courseware and trainee perfor- reducing the cost of transitioning gesamten Lebenszyklus der Pro- mance evaluations, and managing to IT-based training. In addition, duktion, Verbreitung und Nutzung the lifecycle multimedia course- users can employ state-of-the-art von web-basierten Kursmateriali- en effizient unterstützt, steigt ste- ware materials cost-efficiently. teleconferencing, user profiling, tig. Der vorliegende Artikel The Modular Training System remote and intelligent tutoring, beschreibt das neue M5-System M5 is being developed by Fraun- and distributed simulation func- für web-basiertes Training. Dieses hofer CRCG to meet these require- tionality to increase the training’s ist im Prozess, unter Verwendung ments for IT-based learning and efficiency. der Hauptkonzepte des MTS training on a global scale. Employ- Systems des Fraunhofer IGD in ing the main concepts of the MTS The new M5 Darmstadt, auf Java-Basis vollkom- system developed by the Depart- M5 is a state of the art Web-based men neu implementiert zu wer- ment for Cooperative Hypermedia training and course management den. Zusätzlich bietet dies die Gelegenheit, die Ansprüche von Systems at Fraunhofer IGD in system. The advent of corporate neuen und potentiellen Kunden Darmstadt, Germany, great and governmental clients interest- der Industrieausbildung, unabhän- efforts have been made in the ed in Web-based training has giger Trainingseinrichtungen, following areas: prompted Fraunhofer CRCG to staatlicher Kollegien und anderer – the high-level description of develop a new approach to pro- zu berücksichtigen. courseware materials (meta- viding course training via the Web. data) on several levels of Such customers include corporate courseware granularity, training providers, independent

CG topics 4/2000 29 Constructor (CFC) are currently M5 Core undergoing testing with a delivery date the first of June. The User Web Server Administration tool (UAT) and a Course Flow Course With customer-specific billing compo- Delivery JAVA Servlet Constructor System nent (ABS) are under construction Support with a delivery date the first of August. User Course CLIENT Phase two, slated for the fall, Administration Administration consists of developing a Course Tool Tool SQL Database Administration Tool (CAT) and expanding the functions in the User Administration Tool (UAT). Completion of phase two will M5 Customization complete the »core M5« system. Phase three consists of research Customer into providing an intelligent men- Billing Component tor tool. The mentor provides a (ABS) means of implicit trainee evaluation as well as active help when Customized the trainee has questions. By User Front-End using passive evaluations along with testing, a better profile of the trainee may be obtained. Figure 1: The M5 system architecture Future Plans Several versions of M5 will be training providers, state colleges, and JAVA servlets. These compo- developed for our clients. Each and training groups within the nents access a central SQL database system offering includes specific armed forces. The varied demands and send information back to the components developed for the of such customers require a very user through a standard Web specific customer. Additional com- flexible architecture. Firewalls and browser. We selected JAVA instead ponents may be created to extend large trainee bases place additional of CGI and C or C++ to provide the feature set of the M5 system, demands of the system. The system platform independence and thread thus adapting it to the growing must be easy to integrate with safe operation. Also, the JDBC needs of its client base. existing corporate systems, data- interface to SQL databases is more bases, and interfaces; easy to cus- robust and easier to implement. tomize; easy to maintain; and The architecture is similar to that Points of contact provide a low overhead to the of an e-commerce Web site, which hardware platform. M5 includes a is a practical design paradigm for Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação Web-based user interface, course this product because it provides Dan Gross delivery system, course-flow con- reliability along with a quick Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, structor tool, and user administra- development time. The system Rhode Island, USA tion functions. Future additions requires only a Web server with Email: [email protected], include an intelligent mentor for JAVA servlet support and an SQL [email protected] passive trainee evaluation and database that supports the JDBC XML support. interface, in addition to the system components. The component M5 Architecture nature of M5 is shown in Figure 1. The M5 architecture is component Each component is self-contained based and built primarily in JAVA. and does not require the existence M5 is »stateless« in nature, elimi- of other components. They func- nating the need to have specialized tion like »black boxes« that deliv- servers running alongside it. The er a lightweight system exactly design incorporates a Web-based tailored to the customers needs. HTML user interface that can be The system is built using a phased quickly customized for the client. approach. The first phase of M5 The system is composed of a col- development consists of four com- lection of components made up ponents. The Course Delivery Sys- of HTML/JavaScript, JAVA Applets, tem (CDS) and the Course Flow

30 CG topics 4/2000 BlinkTM QoS Monitor

Robert J. Barton III

Introduction The Monitor Providers of networked-based ser- The monitoring software consists vices often are required to deliver of three modules: their products to clients and end- – StandardCollector.dll – A »col- users over non-QoS managed net- lector« module that enables the works. A key requirement in oper- connection between two end ating within these conditions is points and measures network the ability to monitor the service packet transmission character- and application performance istics between the end points. experienced by the end-user. An – DatabaseReceiver.dll – A understanding of the end-to-end, »receiver« module that writes network layer, real-time delivered all network performance statis- quality is the first step in enabling tics, together with the testing a provider to adapt services under session information, to an varying network conditions. ODBC compliant SQL database. Fraunhofer CRCG has developed – CESQOS.exe – A Microsoft Win- a QoS monitoring software tool, dows MFC based application based on the BlinkTM communica- interface that allows the user to tions framework, that can easily specify the measuring parame- use collected data to model and ters and to monitor the testing analyze a heterogeneous network process visually. This module is from the perspective of the appli- also responsible for loading all cation or service. »collector« and »receiver« modules in its directory.

German abstract

Anbieter netzwerkbasierter Dienst- leistungen müssen oftmals ihre Produkte an Kunden und Verbrau- cher über Netzwerke vertreiben, die keinem Qualitätsmanagement unterliegen. Eine wesentliche Vor- aussetzung für den erfolgreichen Betrieb in solchen Situationen ist die Fähigkeit, die Ausführung von Dienstleistung und Anwendung auf der Endbenutzerseite zu über- wachen. Das Fraunhofer CRCG hat basierend auf seiner selbstent- wickelten BLINK-Technologie ein Softwaretool für solche Monitor- aufgaben entwickelt. Dieses Werkzeug ist im vorliegenden Bei- trag beschrieben.

Figure 1: Monitor Service User Interface

CG topics 4/2000 31 Our statistics collection module outstanding achievements in the (StandardCollector.dll) is based on Events fields of Mathematics and Com- the RTP/RTCP channel (for syn- puter Science. chronous data transmission) Workshops The prize-winner, Prof. Willi inside Blink. Since our require- Jäger, was awarded this medal for ments for accuracy were higher his exceptional achievement in than RTCP is capable of provid- establishing the interdisciplinary ing, we developed a custom The Awarding of Alwin-Walther Department of Scientific Calcula- statistics-gathering component Medals tion and in the field of Applied that is more efficient (in time and Mathematics in natural science, bandwidth usage) at gathering Alwin-Walther medals were technology and medicine. More- statistics than the software com- awarded at the Fraunhofer IGD in over, the internationally renowned ponents that collect statistics Darmstadt on 17th June, 2000 on researcher was honored for his inside the Blink framework. the occasion of an academic cere- unremitting commitment to the Currently CRCG’s partners are mony of the Computer Science promotion of Mathematics in our evaluating this software and and Mathematics Departments of society. The oration for Prof. Jäger experimenting with a variety of Darmstadt University of Technolo- was held by Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jür- QoS models. Future network-cen- gy. This year, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. gen Lehn. tric services enabled by Blink will mult. Willi Jäger of Heidelberg Subsequently, Prof. Robert Pilo- be able to adapt in real-time to University and Prof. Dr. Eng. ty, a distinguished, internationally changing network conditions. Robert Piloty of Darmstadt Univer- renowned pioneer in the field of sity of Technology were awarded program-controlled computer the medals by courtesy of the construction, received this award Point of contact Computer Graphics Center and from Darmstadt University of the Fraunhofer Institute for Com- Technology. He successfully devel- Robert J. Barton III puter Graphics in honor of their oped the Computer Science Fraunhofer CRCG, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Email: [email protected]

Prof. J. Encarnação welcomes the guests at the Alwin-Walther award

Prof. Dr. Johann- Dietrich Wörner, Prof. Dr. Jost Bernhard Walther and Prof. Klaus Keimel at the event

32 CG topics 4/2000 The prize-winners discussing with Robert Piloty ranks amongst Dr. Hans-Peter Kohlhammer who those outstanding, internation- was awarded ally renowned pioneers in the with the Alwin- Walther medal in field of program-controlled 1997 computer construction. Through his initiative and under his technical guidance, the PERM (Programmgesteuerter Elektronischer Rechenautomat München) program controlled electronic computer Munich was created from 1949 at the Department at this University with Technological University of an eager singleness of purpose. Munich. The remarkably suc- He has also played a major role in introducing and shaping Computer cessful project initiated many Science studies nationwide. The more kinds of research work in oration for Prof. Piloty was held the newly emerging field of by Prof. Dr. Eng. Hans Eveking. This year, the Alwin-Walther Information Technology at that Medals have been awarded for time. In his further scientific the second time since 1997. The work in the field of computer medal is named after Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Alwin Walther, pioneer for supported circuit design, hard- the development of electronic ware descriptive languages and calculating machines. After a wel- the design of databases he coming address given by the INI- GraphicsNet`s Director Prof. Dr.- understood how to combine Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encar- the first attempts of electronic nação, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Diet- technology and information rich Wörner, the President of Darmstadt University of Technolo- technology in a very modern gy honored Alwin Walther as a way. With single-mindedness he nationally and internationally devoted himself with great suc- acclaimed scientist. It was un- (IPM) and had developed it into doubtedly thanks to his commit- an internationally reputable insti- cess towards the creation of the ment that practical mathematics tution for Mathematics and Com- department of Information recognition on account of its puter Sciences (although the Technology in Darmstadt as well enormous importance – especially expression had not been known in the field of natural science and at that time). As early as the as towards the establishment and modern technology. A colleague 1950s, computers were being organization of the Information accused Alwin Walther of selling developed at the IPM and they Technology course of studies in out mathematics to engineers. were being used in research and Walther proudly replied that he teaching. Thanks to Walther, the the whole of Germany. As a was absolutely right and that he Deutsche Rechenzentrum (German member of the general meeting would do just that thanking the Computing Center) had found its and as Vice President of the IFIP colleague for his clear analysis. location in Darmstadt in 1961. Prof. Wörner described Alwin Prof. Dr. Jost Bernhard Walther, (International Federation for Walther, who had worked at the son of Alwin Walther, was among Information Processing) Robert Darmstadt University of Technology the 100 guests present. A guitar Piloty has represented German from 1928 to 1966, as a pioneer of duet played classical music, pro- scientific calculation »who was viding the musical accompaniment Information Technology inter- fully committed to mathematics.« during the presentation of awards. nationally with a high level of Here, he had established the Insti- After the ceremony, the INI- commitment. tute for Practical Mathematics GraphicsNet Darmstadt presented

CG topics 4/2000 33 Prof. Dr. Willi Jäger receives the Alwin- Walther medal

As an internationally acclaimed researcher in the field of Applied Mathematics and as spokesman of the special research field of Statistical Mathematical Models and as founder of the interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Calculation, Willi Jäger has significantly pro- moted the cooperation between mathematicians and scientists from other expert fields, in particular from the fields of Medicine, Biology and Chemistry. With his forward- looking scientific work in Math- ematics, he has opened new application fields and has decid- edly shaped the development of the new discipline of Scientific Calculation. He has always been Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Piloty receives convinced that the application the Alwin-Walther medal of powerful computers and pro- ceeding mathematization will change a broad range of scientific fields and therefore has made the public realize the major importance of Mathe- a selected demonstration of current the basis of gnomons. The simula- matics. The joint research work projects. The project »Learning tions showed various scenes rang- of mathematicians and engineers and Teaching in the Net« allowed ing from the spread of smoke to a glimpse into computer-based water eddys effected by the open- at Darmstadt University of training systems, which offer ing of floodgates. Technology has always been interactive ways of learning and Aided by virtual reality technology, attended by his promoting teaching thanks to the new media anyone who is interested in cul- technology. In the context of the tural heritage can access ancient interest and he has given many project »3D Morphing and 3D sites. This was convincingly exem- valuable impulses to Darmstadt User Interface Agents«, animated plified by Siena Cathedral and the researchers characters were shown. The Caves of Dunhuang which are agents distinguished themselves part of the projects on »Cultural through interactivity and real-time Heritage« subjects. behavior. The demonstration of »Modeling and Simulation« showed what visual effects can be generated by modeling tools on

34 CG topics 4/2000 bers could pick different tutorials, This confusing meeting and the expert lectures and lectures – which vision of future communication were partly held at the same time- was created on the basis of »aug- according to their own interests. mented reality«. Thanks to this NEWS Thus, everybody could arrange technology, scientists of the A-Z their own program individually, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer choosing from a broad range of Graphics (IGD) in Darmstadt could topics. All the different events on realize the idea of Prof. Claudia Third Darmstadt XML congress offer were published in a congress Söller-Eckert from the Institute for publication and therefore no one Media Design and Media Technol- Providers, web designers and missed any important information. ogy of Mainz Polytechnic. programmers favor the XML Researchers of the IGD Department method for data exchange as it »Visualization and Virtual Reality« works without further standard Gutenberg Meets Multimedia had two stereo cameras installed interfaces and specific program- for the augmented man. The scene ming language. XML has clear The year 2000 is – on top of many was filmed at eye-level in a room advantages when compared to other superlatives – the Gutenberg with a projection area. The pictures the rigid HTML, as structure, layout year. His home town Mainz is of the camera were played back in and content are no longer jumbled therefore the center of projects, a stereoscopic production with a together. Complex information is exhibitions and other festivities time shift of a couple of seconds. A conveniently and cheaply pub- held on the occasion of the 600th virtual actor who was made visible lished and maintained using XML birthday of Johann Gutenberg in the stereo projection, moved multimedia possibilities when who was elected »Man of the Mil- invisibly between the visitors. compared to HTML publications. lenium« by American journalists. Experts predict that XML will also In the year of 1440 when he The exhibition »Village Gutenberg« become a standard in the future developed letter case and forme, was open from 15th April until market of electronic business. Johann Gensfleisch – called Guten- 14th May 2000. Advantages and manifold possibil- berg – would never have thought ities of the Extensible Markup his flexible letters were capable to Language in data exchange via revolutionize the world. His inven- Competence Center for Multimedia the Internet are already used by tion allowed nearly all classes of Technologies founded in Rostock many major software producers. society the access to education As early as last year, the new and information. Regions which are marked by a Internet standard was a major The exhibition »Village Guten- high innovation potential generally topic of two events carried out by berg« in the Gutenberg Hall produce dynamic economic growth. the Computer Graphics Center bridged the gap between social This has also been confirmed by (ZGDV) in Darmstadt. This success- upheavals of over 500 years ago latest studies. An advanced tech- ful series was continued by the and today´s world-wide communi- nological infrastructure is therefore »third Darmstadt XML congress« cation. A central element of this the key factor in the federal com- on Monday, 19th June to Wednes- exhibition was the augmented petitive market when it comes to day, 21st June, 2000. man installation which presented securing employment, initiating Whereas the first two congresses the relation between real and vir- start-ups and winning new were still introductory, this last tual space – including the time investors. Therefore, the State of event was mainly focused on component. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern sus- practical issues. More than 20 Real-world visitors were con- tainably promotes the economic experts from research and business fronted with themselves in a virtual development as well as the use reported on new trends and the space and a shifted time level. and application of multimedia latest state of technology. Dr. W. They were faced with their own technologies. These are expected Karbach from the Deutsche mirror image from a few seconds to support the transfer of technol- Telekom AG explained which ago. A virtual person, the aug- ogy between their reputable uni- products are provided by which mented man, mingled with the versities / research institutes and producers and who´s business lan- visitors. The ubiquitous resolution the economy and will provide guages and applications use XML. of time and space was expanded, fresh impetus. The establishment Other speakers spotlighted the the installation augmented reality. of the »Competence Center for use of XML in electronic commerce Space and time were recaptured Multimedia Technologies of the strategies, pointed out savings and newly defined since the pre- State of Mecklenburg-Vorpom- potentials or introduced »link con- sent linked with the real space mern« or KOMM-MV, in Rostock cepts and their implementation and the past with the virtual on June, 14th represents a land- using XML based technologies«. space. Thus, two time periods with mark for this development. For the first time, congress mem- two different space times emerged. KOMM-MV, a forum of the Com-

CG topics 4/2000 35 puter Graphics Center (ZGDV), will Mecklenburg-Vorpommern on all support economy, organizations multimedia topics. It will therefore TRADE FAIR and public institutions to introduce ensure the Federal State´s position and use the new media. Founda- among Germany´s and Europe´s NEWS tion members include the Institut top multimedia locations for key für neue Medien GmbH (Institute technologies. for New Media GmbH), DEKRA An impressive demonstration Emergency Training for Managers Akademie GmbH and ANOVA was convincingly presented to the Multimedia Studios GmbH as well guests of the foundation ceremony The Fraunhofer AGC presented as Rostock University, Fraunhofer Gründungsfeier) who are all dis- training systems for emergencies Institute for Computer Graphics tinguished personages from busi- at the ACHEMA fair (IGD), MarineSoft Entwicklungs- ness, science and education. Fatal disasters caused by fire as und Logistikgesellschaft mbH Selected projects revealed the happened in the Montblanc tunnel (MarineSoft Development and wide variety of application possi- in 1998 shocked the public. Most Logistics) and other reputable bilities of multimedia technologies of the population and the media companies from the media and – from mobile assistant systems have considered the standards of computer branch. and digital audio and video pro- tunnel security very critical ever »The new forum KOMM-MV duction to edutainment. since. After all, several thousands represents a competence center KOMM-MV is supported by the of holiday makers and commuters which will flank our research area State of Mecklenburg-Vorpom- pass through these tunnels by and the economical development mern, multimedia companies, train, bus or car on a daily basis. towards a major multimedia loca- educational establishments, Ros- Technology security is unsatisfac- tion,« states Lothar Brozio from tock University and several tory and emergency management the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern research institutions. and on site communication is poor, Ministry of Economy on the occa- which was proved by the ADAC sion of the foundation ceremony. For further information on the tunnel test 2000. Rostock initiators aim to impart mission and goals of the KOMM- Public sensitivity to tunnel crashes a wide range of multimedia com- MV forum and/or membership or factory disasters have increased petencies to companies, as well as application forms, please contact: professional training for the per- to private and public institutions. sonnel of emergency teams and With access to new technologies, Stefan Haßinger patrols. Even expensive simulation promising start-ups are expected ZGDV Rostock systems were procured. This par- and employment can be secured Joachim-Jungius-Strasse 11 ticularly applies for chemical facil- in established companies. The 18059 Rostock ities. However, in the case of forum provides consulting, quali- Email: [email protected] catastrophe, decision makers who fication and training in the new are in charge of emergency man- media and will help to create the agement and communication necessary technological and orga- with the outside world are usually nizational infrastructure of the not satisfactorily trained. Experts Federal State. This includes the state that this is due to a lack of expansion of the Rostock Innova- suitable training methods. Also, it tions- und Gründerzentrums RIGZ proved difficult to arrange a com- (Rostock Innovation and Founda- mon training schedule for the tion Center), where a Multimedia managers of different institutions. Technology Center will be estab- Moreover, large-scale conventional lished in 2001. exercises that can uncover coordi- Illustrating one of the major nation weaknesses are not prac- tasks, Mirko Dobermann, Director tised regularly as they proved of the newly founded forum, says rather costly. In Bilbao, Spain, 250 »the KOMM-MV forum will offer people operate with expensive advice and mediate experts from equipment to train adequate all fields of innovative multimedia action in case of a metro crash. Of services and products in addition course, the training can only be to providing the corresponding carried out if the regular train marketing plans« This also com- operation is stopped. prises a cooperation and active work on the creation of strategic development plans, research and market studies. Moreover, the forum will advise institutions in

36 CG topics 4/2000 ETOILE training in virtual environ- technologies can enhance quality ment and efficiency of the branch in StudINI Therefore, practicable solutions various areas. Deviations are for training are needed – and are immediately made obvious during INI-GraphicsNet worked on by experts in the project the production process. Hitherto ETOILE. »In this learning system, unknown molecular structures are intelligent assistants – the so-called made visible in the field of computer players – act as involved research. Aided by virtual environ- emergency patrol,« says Prof. ments, production facilities can be International Funding Bodies for Detlef Krömker, Director of the tested very early in the planning Study Visits in Germany and Fraunhofer Application Center for process. Worldwide Computer Graphics in Chemistry 250,000 expert visitors arrived at and Pharmacy (AGC), »Members the ACHEMA since they expected INI-GraphicsNet is obliged to a can train via computer networks fresh landmark inputs. Researchers long tradition of exchanging distributed in a virtual environment from the Fraunhofer AGC demon- researchers and students; from and independent of their actual strated that computer graphics the start visitors in research and location.« can trigger and realize this inno- academia from all over the world The interactive learning system vation impetus. For six days, they have been hosted in the different ETOILE was presented by presented a broad range of their INI-GraphicsNet institutes, which researchers from the Fraunhofer applications and developments are adjoined to local universities AGC at the ACHEMA fair in Frank- for the chemical and pharmaceu- and participate in university furt from 22nd to 27th May. tical industry at the ACHEMA. research, teaching and life The ETOILE stands for Environment for German institutes are adjoined to Team, Organizational and Individ- the University of Rostock and the ual Learning in Emergencies and Contact Darmstadt University of Technolo- is a project sponsored by the Euro- gy; the Portuguese institute is pean Union. In addition to AGC Prof. Detlef Krömker related to the University of Coim- researchers, a British research Fraunhofer AGC bra; Singapore to the Nanyang team as well as Spanish companies Varrentrappstrasse 40-42 University of Technology; and the and service providers are involved 60486 Frankfurt US to RISD and Brown University. in the project work. The ETOILE Tel.: 069 / 979 95 - 0 In conjunction with an academic project members have developed E-mail: [email protected] exchange on university level or on an inexpensive (when compared URL: http://www.agc.fhg.de an individual internship basis, a to conventional training) and thus variety of external funding a marketable solution. The user options can be benefited from. will be able to create and adopt Depending on the country of origin high-quality complex training and the destination, different applications and scenes without grants offer financial support for any effort. The authors of a scene the visit, covering travel expenses can choose between several up to full grants, depending on behavior patterns to tailor their the funding body and the scope simulation to specific training sit- of the tasks or projects defined uations. No matter if it is »fire in for the duration of the visit. Two an underground tunnel« or a independent international fund- »factory breakdown« the learning ing bodies support the exchange system will reproduce the most e.g. with the US for students and divergent scenes. »Especially in researchers on all academic levels. Chemistry and Pharmacy strict The Fulbright Commission offers security standards are required,« more than 90 annual scholarships explains Detlef Krömker. Thus, for qualified US students visiting there is a great need for high- German universities, for up to two quality visualization in this eco- semesters. Eligible are students nomical sector. The use of com- having completed their B.A. at puter graphics does not only the time of arrival in Germany. prove advantageous when training The grants start typically in the decision makers or the main- September and require a good tenance staff. Other applications knowledge of the German lan- of the Fraunhofer AGC such as guage; additional language cours- the »transparent reactor« show es taking approximately six weeks that the implementation of new in August, may be included in the

CG topics 4/2000 37 grant, if this is desired or required. research scholarships for individu- The grant of the full category als; and bilateral exchange of cover: health insurance travel researchers, which include one expenses and a monthly rate from year scholarships for the purpose GRADUATIONS DM 1,185 up to DM 1,620, of further advanced study or for GRIS depending on the academic quali- academic continuing education at fication. In special cases travel-only all state or state-recognized uni- grants can be demanded in addi- versities and institutions of higher tion to other funding. The Ful- education in Germany. The dura- Dr. Wenli Cai bright Commission especially solic- tion of these grants is between Interactive Volume Visualisation its applications from students of ten and twelve months. Short-term in the context of Virtual Radio- engineering disciplines. The appli- research grants are accorded to therapy Treatment Planning cation deadlines for Fulbright graduates wishing to gather May 19, 2000 grants depend on the US institution material in Germany for the pur- Supervisor: Prof. Dr. J. L. Encarnação and the Institute of International pose of special studies or for Education (IIE) in New York, who achieving an advanced degree in After 10 years of development, me- should be contacted in spring, at their home country. The bilateral dical visualisation, one of the most least one year in advance to the exchange is divided in two cate- successful scientific visualisation panned beginning of the visit. gories; the project related research and application fields, is The DAAD, i.e. the German aca- exchange of academics provides heading from diagnosis assistance demic exchange service, provides grants for academics holding a toward treatment assistance. The a large variety of scholarships for final degree in joined research main difference between diagnosis visitors from all nations intending projects in Germany and other imaging and treatment imaging is a study period at German univer- nations; the bilateral exchange of the requirement of rendering accu- sities. The scope of the grants academics holding a doctorate is racy and speed. In this dissertation, depends on the intended duration, specifically tailored for funding of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning the planned academic work and mutual visits in joined projects for (RTP) is selected as the application the academic qualification. Gener- academics with doctoral degrees. example of treatment imaging. The ally the DAAD supports study and The DAAD typically recommends work focuses on the interactive planning a visit at least one year visualisation algorithms and tech- in advance. Moreover, depending niques to solve the problems rising on the country of origin and the from the challenges in the virtual research area the DAAD provides simulation of RTP. a large variety of special programs, In the Virtual Simulation System which can be inquired at the local (VSS) of RTP, Digital Reconstructed INI-Graphics Alumni-Forum information offices of the DAAD Radiograph (DRR) is the essential in each country. technique in radiotherapy imaging, Addressing former staff which physicians are familiar with. members of INI-GraphicsNet: INI-GraphicsNet offers support for The construction method of an prospective visitors in the organi- accurate DRR attenuation transfer The INI-Graphics- zation of their stay and provides function is presented. Splatting in advice for the choice of an appro- sheared object space is a fast and Alumni Forum priate external funding program. accurate volume rendering algo- Qualified students and researchers rithm proposed by the author. High is a meeting-place and pool are encouraged apply. quality DRR and Maximum Intensity for former staff members of Projection (MIP) in the sheared the INI-GraphicsNet. If you Contact object space have been speeded up wish to become a fellow Student Exchange Appointee to an interactive speed. In order to member please contact: c/o Fraunhofer Institute for Com- mix different volumes from RTP, puter Graphics multi-volume rendering is discussed Computer Graphics Center Rundeturmstrasse 6, in this thesis. Three data intermix- Herbert Kuhlmann D-64283 Darmstadt ing levels are defined based on the Rundeturmstrasse 6 Tel. +49 (0)-6151-155-140 multi-volume rendering pipeline, 64283 Darmstadt [email protected] which discriminate image level in- Germany www.inigraphics.net/students/studini tensity intermixing, accumulation Phone: +49 (0) 6151 155 120 level opacity intermixing, and illu- Fax: +49 (0) 6151 155 450 mination model level parameter Email:[email protected] intermixing. In addition, a novel vessel feature enhancement method using snapshots from MIP volume

38 CG topics 4/2000 The implementation of the program is documented by the description of the STUDY & declaration of important classes. DIPLOMA THESES During the study several watermarking tests were executed, in order to examine the extended algorithm. The test result fulfilled our expecta- Simultaneous Embedding of Sev- tions. The shift of the distributions eral Watermarks in Audio Data between marked and original data is Diploma thesis by: Zongwei Huang to be detected in both test functions Supervisor: Dipl.-Phys. Michael Arnold clearly. The dependency of the average values on the embedding factor The goal of this thesis is to extend the and the data was experimentally present A©WA (Audio Copyright Pro- determined and plotted. The robust- tection by WAtermarking) algorithm ness of this algorithm in relation to by different aspects and implement it data manipulations was exemplary with an object-oriented design The verified by requantization and resam- following important tasks in my work pling tests. are extensions of the watermarking The A©WA can still be extended technique: and improved in different ways: the – Verification and improvement of installation of psycho acoustic model, the statistic based theory. the definition of further statistics, the – Extension from an 1-bit watermark- improvement of the data regarding Dr. Wenli Cai celebrates his ing algorithm to a n-bit the test statistics and the conversion graduation – Simultaneous embedding of several of the procedure in the time domain. water-marks in audio data These extensions and possibilities for – Object-oriented design and imple- improvement motivate the further rendering is introduced to improve mentation development of A©WA for a multi- the quality of MIP images. – Analysis of different statistical test functional, high-quality and robust The virtual simulation of the RTP functions by experiments audio watermarking algorithm. procedure is visualised on a virtual – Analysis of further possibilities to patient, which is reconstructed by improve the A©WA technique using the CT data of the real Development of a Dialog System for At the beginning the copyright pro- Multimodal Interactions between patient. Different interaction tech- tection of digital data in the regard to Human Beings and Agents under Par- niques on volume rendering imag- the problems of the illegitimate distri- ticular Consideration of the Natural ing supply the physicians with high bution in the internet is described. Language quality rendering images to simu- Watermarking as one of the most Diploma thesis by: Ulrich Pinsdorf late the real working environment important solutions for the copyright Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Rausch of the Simulator machine and en- protection is introduced by the com- and Dipl.-Ing. Mehrdad Jalali able the physicians to make treat- parison with other technique. Features, ment planning without the pres- requests and possible applications of The rapid development of the World ence of the patient. Telecommuni- the audio watermarking are the cen- Wide Web and the electronic com- ter of attention here in this thesis. merce in the last few years shows the cation techniques, such as Inter- The A©WA is based on probability trend to bring information, products net, ISDN or modem supply a col- theory and hypothesis test. The and services closer to the customer. In laborative working environment assigned statistical algorithm is pro- order to guarantee this, suppliers of for physicians. The virtual patient foundly analyzed by the study of information contents invest in tech- and visualised treatment planning three different test functions. This nologies that allow the customer to can be accessed from any remote mathematical analysis serves the access information and services more sites. Physicians can be connected extension of the A©WA as base. easily and comfortably. on-line over network to make and After a short description of the pre- Another simplification of the access, verify the radiation treatment plan sent procedure two important exten- particularly in the areas of electronic sions of this thesis are introduced: the commerce and information retrieval, by sharing the identical user inter- extension from a 1-bit to a n-bit represents the use of agents. Agents, face of the application in real time. watermarking algorithm and simulta- and especially mobile agents, are a Both concepts visualised plan- neous embedding of several water- paradigm that will shape the software ning and collaborative planning marks into the audio data. engineering of this decade. An agent improve the efficiency and accura- A further modification of the is a system that can solve tasks cy of a treatment while reducing A©WA is the implementation with an autonomously and goal-oriented. The the individual patient cost. These object oriented design. The advan- user can delegate complex tasks to two designing concepts and the tages of the OOP (object oriented agents. In multiagent systems, agents interactive visualisation algo- programming) in relation to classical cooperate in order to achieve an opti- programming regarding future exten- mal result. rithms can also be applied to oth- sions were described. The class struc- er medical applications as well as ture and the object-oriented design industry applications. of the new software were presented.

CG topics 4/2000 39 If a customer would like to get infor- describes the design of the dialog sys- Internet Video-Mate: A Conversation- mation via Internet e.g. about a prod- tem for agents, its implementation al Interface for the Presentation of uct, he could ask an agent to do the and the integration into SeMoA Interactive Video tasks of information procurement, (Secure Mobile Agents), an existing Diploma thesis by: Jutta Laserer evaluation by determined criteria and agent platform developed at Fraun- Supervisor: Dipl.-Inform. Norbert Braun even to purchase the product. This hofer Institute for Computer Graphics necessitates a task-specific instruction (IGD). For the developement of the Within the last years research in of the agent by the user. proposed architecture methods, con- human computer interaction mainly Here, it depends on an intuitive and cepts and tools of object-oriented dealt with questions how to interact efficient interface between human software engineering were used. Big with the computer as a machine and agent to ensure that the advan- effort was spent to achieve a well- instead of developing new concepts tages of an agent-based solution fully formed design since expansions of the of interaction with the media which come to pass. An interaction of the system are planned. The third part carry the information. Thus interac- user with the agent by means of nat- gives a summary and an outlook on tions between the user and the com- ural language, or even a multi-modal future work. puter have been realized only on the interaction is therefore necessary in basis of static media such as text or order to increase the acceptance of images. mobile agents. Hence, an intuitive Visual robot interface for controlling Beside that point another focal interface by which the user can inform the manipulator »Lynxmotion« point of research in human computer an agent about his wishes job-orient- Study thesis by: Stephan Tittel and interaction is the development of new edly, is required. Bruno Sauvonnet paradigms: conversational scenarios The dialog system developed in this Supervisor: Gerd Schweighofer and with avatars and virtual assistants diploma thesis allows a multi-modal Michael Hellenschmidt replace the traditional so-called interaction between agents and users. WIMP-interfaces. Current concepts of The main focus lies on the interaction Designed as an innovative training human computer interaction consider by means of natural language. The scenario for the »Multimedia Werk- even emotional factors of communi- user informs the agent verbally of the statt« a Java based, multi user capable cation. content of the job in a dialog. Then robot interface supporting the manip- One part of this thesis shows new the dialog system translates the ulator Lynxmotion manufactured by concepts of interaction by the means semantic contents of the dialog into a Joker Robotics has been developed. of continuous media such as video. formal message. The message is written By using a client/server based soft- Beside the main aspects of interaction in an agent communication language. ware architecture the manipulator with the medium video there is a Agent communication languages are can be controlled and observed over major focus on the emotional compo- used by agents in order to communi- a network. The client consists of a nent of interaction. Thus it is possible cate and to exchange knowledge. HTML page which contains a Java to develop a system of interaction The application of the dialog system applet and a realistic 3d VRML model that considers both the emotional is transparent for the developer of an of the manipulator. The applet realises and the temporal aspects of video agent. That is, he just needs to con- the communication to the server. The interaction. This thesis is based on the centrate on the planning of the VRML model is used as a visualisation recent status quo in human computer dialogs. The actual problem of the an manipulation interface. The user’s interaction. So far the interaction on voice recognition and the speech interaction with the VRML model continuous media has been reflecting understanding is abstracted to the causes the applet to generate move- the common interaction on static level of the dialog contents. ment commands. The applet sends media. The thesis expands the current A practical field of application of these commands to the server that concept of video interaction by con- my approach lies in particular in the executes them on the manipulator. sidering the aspects of continuous areas of the electronic commerce and Several users can observe this course information flow such as begin, end the information-procurement (WWW, of action as the VRML models of the and duration. Conversational aspects product databases, etc). Specially in corresponding views are simultane- of interaction have been defined and these areas you can find a lack of ously updated. the concept is extended by using an intuitive delegation systems. Admit- Moreover command lists can be avatar as an explicit emotional com- tedly there are web indexer and visually generated using the VRML ponent. The avatar acts both as a pre- search engines for the World Wide model and sent for execution to the senter of information and as a part of Web and the Usenet, however these server. the audience. For this reason »Inter- neither accentuate themselves Java RMI is used for communication net Video-Mate« is the title of this through intuitive accessibility, nor do between the several client and server thesis. According to the concepts they prepare the retrieved information components. The VRML External developed in the thesis a prototype task-specificly. Agents with a multi- Authoring Interface is used for infor- will be realized in form of a web- modal user-interface can just fill this mation exchange between the applet based videoservice system. gap. and the VRML browser. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, the theo- retical fundamentals related to the problem are presented. The main topics treat agent systems, functionality of language-understanding systems and semantic protocols for knowledge transfer. The second part of the work

40 CG topics 4/2000 25 Jahre Fachgebiet Graphisch- Interaktive Systeme

25 Years Interactive Graphics Systems Group

Festveranstaltung Festival Event 16.-17.11.2000

1975 1982 1984 1987 1997 Steubenplatz Alexanderstraße Bleichstraße Wilhelminenstraße Rundeturmstraße

Anmeldung zur Festveranstaltung anläßlich des 25-jährigen Bestehens des Fachgebietes GRIS Registration for the Festival Event on the Occasion of GRIS’s 25th Aniversary Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme, 16.-17. November 2000 in Darmstadt November 16.-17., 2000 in Darmstadt

Antwort / Reply ______Bitte bis 1. September 2000 im Briefumschlag Titel, Vorname, Nachname – Title, First Name, Last Name zurücksenden oder via Fax: +49 (0) 61 51 - 1 55 4 46 ______Please return registration form until September 1, 2000 Firma – Institution by Mail or Fax to: +49 (0) 6151/155 446 ______Abteilung – Department ______TU-Darmstadt Straße / Postfach – Street / P.O. Box Fachgebiet Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme ______Herrn Bernad Lukacin PLZ / Ort – Postal Code / City Rundeturmstrasse 6 ______Land – Country ______64283 Darmstadt Telefon – Phone Germany ______Fax – Fax ______Email – Email Publications INI-GraphicsNet

Jahresbericht 1998

Forschungs- und Arbeitsgebiete des Fachgebietes "Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme" Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. J. L. Encarnação

Nr. GRIS 98-6

Darmstadt, Rostock, Germany Coimbra, Portugal

JAHRESBERICHT Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Darmstadt • Rostock • Coimbra

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Members of Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V. und Centro de Computação Gráfica sind Computer Graphics Center and Centro de Computação Gráfica 1997 INI-GraphicsNet Mitglieder des INI-GraphicsNet are Members of INI-GraphicsNet Marianne Koch SEMINAR PROGRAMM

Veröffentlichungen aus dem INI-GraphicsNet 4. Issue, April 1999

Members of INI-GraphicsNet Aus-. PRIL EPTEMBER Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, A - S Interactive Graphics Systems Group; Computer Graphics Center, Darmstadt, Rostock; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, Darmstadt, Rostock; Weiter,- Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics, Providence, USA; Centro de Computação Gráfica, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Singapore are Members of INI-GraphicsNet Fortbildung

Annual Reports Selected Readings Computer Graphics Seminar Program Software Catalog

COMPUTER GRAPHIK Sicherheitstechnologie

COMPUTER GRAPHIK Department INI-GraphicsNet Mobile Information Visualization Members of

INI-GraphicsNet COMPUTER GRAPHIK MOMENTS MObile Media and ENTertainment Reports on Computer Graphics Services The overall objective of the project MOMENTS is to demonstrate the COMPUTER GRAPHIK Medizinische Technologie technical feasibility and business via- bility of a wireless media highway for Reports on Computer Graphics the distribution of advanced multimedia products. This covers two applica- und Anwendung tion categories, on-line services and entertainment. The aim of the project COMPUTER GRAPHIK is to contribute significantlyUm den to the Anforderungen komplexer understanding of the users’VR-Anwendungen percepti- gerecht zu werden, Reports on Computer Graphics ❐ on of the values of wireless multime- 1/99 Vol. 11 X – erzeugen heutige VR-Systeme sowohl dia services, identify howvisuelle commercial als auch akustische Ausgabe. exploitation of the servicesIn Bereichen,using third wie Medizin oder Virtual Medical Technology and Um den Anforderungen komplexer COMPUTER generation systems canPrototyping be accelera- reicht »sehen« und ted, createVR-Anwendungen new enabling gerecht technolo- zu werden, »hören« allerdings nicht mehr aus. gies, inerzeugen particular heutige for the VR-Systeme presentation sowohlFigure 1: Partners within the MOMENTS project. Dort ist es erforderlich einen weiteren Reports on Computer Graphics Visualization and IT Concepts of visualvisuelle material, als auch and akustischemake valuable Ausgabe. menschlichen Wahrnehmungsbereich, contributionIn Bereichen, to standardization. wie Medizin oder VirtualUser trials will be carried out in three Projected Services within MOMENTS New Media Um den Anforderungen komplexer Application den Tastsinn, anzusprechen. Haptische Displays in VR Prototyping reicht »sehen« und different European countries, i.e., Ger- The projected services within MOMENTS VR-Anwendungen gerecht zu werden, User »hören«Trials allerdings nicht mehr aus. many (E-Plus), UK (Orange) and Italy cover the following areas: erzeugen heutige VR-Systeme sowohl Das Fraunhofer IGD beschäftigt sich MOMENTSDort ist is escarried erforderlich out within einen the weiteren(Omnitel) with at least 100 partici- – Financial information: Economic visuelle als auch akustische Ausgabe. daher mit der Integration von soge- Reports on Computer Graphics scopemenschlichen of the European Wahrnehmungsbereich, ACTS (Advan- pants and a duration of 16 months indicators, interest rates, etc. Electronic Commerce Electronic Electronic Commerce in Chemistry In Bereichen, wie Medizin oder Virtual ced Communication Technologiesnannten haptischen(see Displays Figure in 1). virtuelle – Location-dependent information: for Cultural Heritage den Tastsinn, anzusprechen. $… Prototyping reicht »sehen« und and Services) program andUmgebungen. has started HaptischeThese Displays user trials sind will allow a reali- Travel, traffic, or city information … ongoing R&D Activities Security Technology »hören« allerdings nicht mehr aus. in September 1995 withGeräte, an overall die sowohlstic Kraftrückkopplung assessment of wireless multime- – Education Services Das Fraunhofer IGD beschäftigt sich Dort ist es erforderlich einen weiteren duration of three years.als In auchorder taktile to Rückkopplungdia services erzeugen and verify the identified – Customer Service and Support daher mit der Integration von soge- and Applications menschlichen Wahrnehmungsbereich, guarantee a realistic services,können. a chain Unter taktilerbusiness Rückkopplung, opportunities. System and – Entertainment: Leisure Information, nannten haptischen Displays in virtuelle Reports on Computer den Tastsinn, anzusprechen. starting with multimediawird content nicht pro-nur das Ertastenenhancements und Berühen will be developed and Appetizer, etc. Umgebungen. Haptische Displays sind Graphics visioning up to the uservon – including Objekten (z.B. demonstratedElastizität eines in the Technology – Advertisement Virtual Reality and the Geräte, die sowohl Kraftrückkopplung Das Fraunhofer IGD beschäftigt sich payment, network providersBalles) etc. verstanden, has Demonstratorsondern auch todie access the benefits als auch taktile Rückkopplung erzeugen Life Sciences daher mit der Integration von soge- to be established. Within MOMENTS of wider band user channels and Rückkopplung von Temperatur. können. Unter taktiler Rückkopplung, Augmented Reality nannten haptischen Displays in virtuelle this is guaranteed by the involved determine how they can be incorpo- parties.wird The nicht partners nur das are: Ertasten und Berühenrated into UMTS. New techniques Umgebungen. Haptische Displays sind Um haptische Displays in das VR-System topic – Nokiavon ObjektenTelecommunications (z.B. Elastizität Oy (FI), eines that will be evaluated and applied Geräte, die sowohl Kraftrückkopplung des Fraunhofer IGD, Virtual Design, zu PrimeBalles) Contractor, verstanden, ZGDV sondern e.V. (D) auch dieinclude presentation technologies, Point of contact: als auch taktile Rückkopplung erzeugen integrieren, werden mehrere Projekte Medical Diagnosis asRückkopplung subcontractor, von Temperatur. optimized for the inherently narow können. Unter taktiler Rückkopplung, Dipl.-Inform. Norbert Gerfelder – Bertelsmann AG (D),in den folgenden Bereichencellular user bearbeitet: channels; wideband user wird nicht nur das Ertasten und Berühen – allgemeine haptische Schnittstelle – CiticorpUm haptische Kartenservice Displays GmbH in das (D), VR-Systemchannels allowing transmission rates Mobile Information Visualization von Objekten (z.B. Elastizität eines – haptisches Rendering – DataNorddes Fraunhofer Multimedia IGD, SrL Virtual (I), Design, zuof the third generation mobile Wilhelminenstr. 7 Balles) verstanden, sondern auch die – physikalisch- und wahrnehmungs- – E-Plusintegrieren, Mobilfunk werden GmbH mehrere (D), Projektesytems (n x 9.6 Kbit/s, n >= 2). D-64283 Darmstadt Rückkopplung von Temperatur. – Gemplus (F), basierte Modellierung Med-SanARE – in den folgenden Bereichen bearbeitet: – Omnitel Pronto Italia– S.p.A menschliche (I), Faktoren PHANToM – Simulation– eines allgemeine Squashballs haptische Schnittstelle Phone: +49 (0) 6151 / 155 231 Support System within a dynamic Um haptische Displays in das VR-System – Orange PCS Ltd. (UK)– and haptische Effekte – haptisches Rendering Fax: +49 (0) 6151 / 155 480 Augmented Reality Environment des Fraunhofer IGD, Virtual Design, zu – Reuters AG (D) – Synchronisation von haptischer, Email: [email protected] Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Interactive Graphics Systems Group; – physikalisch- und wahrnehmungs- Members of integrieren, werden mehrere Projekte visueller und akustischer Simulation Computer Graphics Center, Darmstadt, Rostock; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, Darmstadt, Rostock; basierte Modellierung Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics, Providence, USA; Centro de Computação Gráfica, Coimbra, in den folgenden Bereichen bearbeitet: – verteiltes haptisches System INI-GraphicsNet Portugal; Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Singapore are Members of INI-GraphicsNet – menschliche Faktoren

Kontakt - Contact – allgemeine haptische Schnittstelle – Softwarebibliotheken für haptische – haptische Effekte – haptisches Rendering Funktionen – Synchronisation von haptischer, ☎ – physikalisch- und wahrnehmungs- visueller und akustischer Simulation basierte Modellierung Bereits realisiert wurde die Einbindung – verteiltes haptisches System – menschliche Faktoren des PHANToM der Fa. SensAble Devices – Softwarebibliotheken für haptische – haptische Effekte und ein vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickeltes Funktionen – Synchronisation von haptischer, Temperaturrückkopplungsgerät, das visueller und akustischer Simulation ThermoPad. Bereits realisiert wurde die Einbindung – verteiltes haptisches System des PHANToM der Fa. SensAble Devices – Softwarebibliotheken für haptische CIPRESS und ein vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickeltes Funktionen Property Rights Enforcement System Fraunhofer-Institut Temperaturrückkopplungsgerät, das für Graphische Datenverarbeitung ThermoPad. Cryptographic Intellectual Bereits realisiert wurde die Einbindung Rolf Ziegler des PHANToM der Fa. SensAble Devices José Dionisio INI-GraphicsNet und ein vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickeltes Members of Wilhelminenstraße 7 D 64283 Darmstadt - Germany Temperaturrückkopplungsgerät, das INI-GraphicsNet Darmstadt • Rostock • Coimbra • Providence • Singapore • Frankfurt ThermoPad. Tel.: +49 (0) 6151-155-122 Fax.: +49 (0) 6151-155-199 Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Interactive Graphics Systems Group; E-Mail: [email protected] ThermoPad Members of Computer Graphics Center, Darmstadt, Rostock; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, Darmstadt, Rostock; WWW: http://www.igd.fhg.de/www/igd-a4/ Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics, Providence, USA; Centro de Computação Gráfica, Coimbra, INI-GraphicsNet Portugal; Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Singapore are Members of INI-GraphicsNet

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Members of INI-GraphicsNet INI-GraphicsNet Darmstadt • Rostock • Coimbra • Providence • Singapur ➔

Darmstadt University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Interactive Graphics Systems Group; Members of Computer Graphics Center, Darmstadt, Rostock; Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, Darmstadt, Rostock; Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics, Providence, USA; Centro de Computação Gráfica, Coimbra, INI-GraphicsNet Portugal; Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Singapore are Members of INI-GraphicsNet Datasheets Computer Graphic topics Thematic Brochures (Prototypes)

Periodicals and brochures ❐ Computer Graphic Software Publications Catalog To order please contact: ❐ Annual Report of the Darm- ❐ Computer Graphik topics stadt University of Technology, (six times a year) INI-GraphicsNet Interactive Graphics Systems ❐ Thematic Brochures Press and Public Relations Group, TUD-GRIS (annually in – Electronic Commerce Bernad Lukacin German) – Virtual Reality – Augmented Rundeturmstrasse 6 ❐ Annual Report of the Computer Reality Graphics Center, ZGDV – Security Technology D-64283 Darmstadt; Germany (annually in German) – New Media for Cultural ❐ Annual Report of the Heritage Fax: +49 (0) 6151 / 155 446 Fraunhofer Institute for Com- – Visualization and IT Concepts Email: [email protected] puter Graphics IGD (annually in Chemistry & Life Sciences in German) – Medical Technology and ❐ Selected Readings in Compu- Applications ter Graphics (annually) – Teaching & Training ❐ Seminar Program (twice a year – Printing and Publishing in German) ❐ Datasheets about different prototypes RISD/Fraunhofer CRCG International Certificate Program for New Media

Introduction Content competencies include: – The certificate can be achieved The International Certificate Pro- – 3-D Modeling by full, six-month involvement gram for New Media has been – Animation or by choosing a specialized developed by Fraunhofer CRCG in – Multimedia Design and Pro- package like Interactivity or cooperation with the Rhode duction Electronic Publishing. Island School of Design (RISD) for – User Interface Design and – The required, subsequent international, early to mid-career Development three-month practicum can be professionals in government, – Web Page Design: Tools and completed at Fraunhofer industry, business or education. Techniques CRCG, through internship with – Participants benefit from a rig- – Electronic Commerce local Providence industry, or at orous and comprehensive six- – Fundamentals of Interactivity the home institution or company. month course of study in the – Fundamentals of Video for – The tuition fees for full regis- technological, visual arts, and Multimedia Production tration range between business aspects of new media – Introduction to Audio for Mul- U.S.$15,000.- for graduate stu- with an additional three- timedia and the Web dents and U.S.$35,000.- for cor- month period of exclusive – Cross-Media Publishing porate participants covering involvement in ongoing pro- – Creative Marketing the whole nine-month projects. ...on the Unix, Windows NT/98 gram. – Accompanied by Web-based and Mac platforms. – Participants are responsible for course material for distance covering all tuition and miscel- course preparation and review, Process competencies include: laneous costs in full. However, the program offers a sequence – Team Learning and Learning Fraunhofer CRCG will provide of learning experiences that On A Team any documentation necessary encompasses a specific body of – Design As Process; Problem to support the participants' knowledge and theory regard- Finding/Solution Seeking search for external funding. ing the design, use, and appli- – Communications; Processes and cations of new media. Products For more information and to – Program participants are inte- – Technology Evaluation and request registration forms, please grated into ongoing research Integration refer to URL http://www.icpnm.org and design activities and are – Management of the Media or contact: assigned sub-tasks based on and Communication Industry their interests and the needs of the project. Program Details and Cost – The program will start on Program Outcomes October 2, 2000 in Providence, Core competencies, which are RI, USA. expected to emerge from this program, include both content Registration deadline is Septem- Dr. L. Miguel Encarnação and process outcomes. ber 1, 2000. Participants do not Fraunhofer Center for Research need any special skills to enter in Computer Graphics (CRCG) into this program. However, expe- 321 South Main Street rience in the use of computer- Providence, RI 02903, USA based application systems as well Fax: +1 401 453 0444 as a working knowledge of the Email: [email protected] English language will be assumed. Visit us at SIGGRAPH 2000, Taking into consideration the dif- Educators Program; Wednesday ferent working backgrounds and 7/26: Developing a Curriculum on »The Arts and Mechanics of New constraints of participants, the Media« for an International Post- certificate program has several Graduate Audience options:

Executive educational institutions Further collaborating institutions Sponsors

Darmstadt University of Technology; Brown University Providence, University of St. Gallen; Switzerland Germany Rhode Island; USA

CRCG CAM Tech Foundation Rhode Island Fraunhofer Center for Research Stiftung Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Computer Graphics Center Fraunhofer Centre for Advanced Centro de Computação School of Design Providence, in Computer Graphics, Inc. Graphics, Darmstadt, Frankfurt, Rostock; Darmstadt, Rostock; Media Technology; Gráfica Coimbra; Rhode Island; USA Providence, Rhode Island; USA Germany Germany Singapore Portugal INI-GraphicsNet Foundation Stiftung IGD, Darmstadt, Rostock and CRCG, Providence, RI, USA Frankfurt, Germany Officers INI-GraphicsNet Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Fraunhofer- Advisory Board (Kuratorium) Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Germany (President) Dr. Hans-Peter Kohlhammer, GTS Business Services Western Dr. Bertram Herzog (Vice President and Chief Operating Officer) Europe, London, UK (Chairman) Lars Karle (Vice President and Business Development Officer) Prof. Dr. Peter Stucki, Universität Zürich, Switzerland (Vice Chairman) Dr. David Zeltzer (Vice President and Chief Technology Officer) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Anderl, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Wolfgang Kniejski (Treasurer) Dr. Rolf-Eckart Bandl, BURDA-SYSTEMS GmbH, Offenburg, Germany Prof. Dr. Klaus Bender, Technische Universität München, Germany Board of Directors Ekkehart Gerlach, Medienakademie Köln gGmbH, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Director of the INI-GraphicsNet Foundation Prof. Dr. Karl Hantzschmann, Universität Rostock, Germany Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Prof. Dr. Sorin Huss, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Germany (Chairman) MinR Gerd Mangel, Ministry of Science and Art of the State of Dr. Hans H. Jung, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V., Germany Hessen, Germany David E. McKinney, Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA Board of Directors (Vorstand) Prof. Dr. Helmut Merkel, IM+C Institute, Management and Bruce Linton, GTE Internetworking Services, USA Consulting Inc., Mannheim, Germany Wolfgang Pfizenmaier, Heidelberg Digital L.L.C., USA Dr. Joachim Rix, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Dr. Klaus Pasemann, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany Dipl. Math. Hartmut Raffler, Siemens AG, München, Germany Germany (Secretary) (Chairman) MinR Dr. Bernd Reuse, Federal Ministry for Research and Technology, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz G. Schwärtzel, Forschungsinstitut für Lars Karle, Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Bonn, Germany Angewandte Software-Technologie e.V., Germany Graphics, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, USA (Vice Chairman) Dr. Konrad Röntgen, dvg, Hannover, Germany Dr. Wolfgang Felger, Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Richard Roy, Microsoft GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany Technical Advisory Board Singapore Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Klaus Stocker, Alcatel AG, Stuttgart, Germany Prof. Andries van Dam, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA Dr. Bernd Kehrer, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Straßer, Universität Tübingen, Germany (Chairman) e.V., Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Igor Varsek, LHS-Holding GmbH, Dreieich-Sprendlingen, Germany Prof. James Foley, State of Georgia Yamacraw Economic Development Prof. Dr. Bodo Urban, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Mission, USA FhG-Board of Directors (FhG-Vorstand) Dr. Thomas Grandke, Siemens Corp. Research, USA Datenverarbeitung, Institutsteil Rostock, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Hans-Jürgen Warnecke, München, Germany Dr. James Thomas, Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, USA (President) Prof. Michael Zyda, Naval Postgraduate School, USA Dr. Dirk Meints Polter, München, Germany David Kasik, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, USA Managing Directors Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wiese, München, Germany Dr. Joseph M. Rosen, Dartmouth College, USA Wolfgang Kniejski, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenver- arbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany Director of the IGD Dr. Joachim Rix, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverar- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação beitung, Darmstadt, Germany Associate Director for IGD Rostock Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bodo Urban Advisory Board (Beirat) Director of the Application Center in Frankfurt Prof. Dr.-Ing. Detlef Krömker Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação (Chairman) Dr. Hans-Peter Kohlhammer, GTS Business Services Western Europe, London, UK (Vice Chairman) CAMTech, Singapore Dr. Bertram Herzog, Fraunhofer Center for Research in Executive Board Computer Graphics, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, USA Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação Herbert Kuhlmann, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Germany e.V., Darmstadt, Germany (Chairman) Dr. Adérito Fernandes Marcos, Centro de Computação Gráfica, Prof. Harcharan Singh, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Coimbra, Portugal Technological University, Singapore (Vice Chairman) Dr. Jürgen Schönhut, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Daten- Mr. Ulrich Ahle, Siemens Business Services EBS, Germany Dr. Manfred Barth, German Business Association, Singapore verarbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Frans M. A. Carpay, Gintic Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Assoc. Prof. Seah Hock Soon, School of Computer Engineering, Singapore Singapore Dr. Gerhard Fischer, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, Germany Dr. Rüdiger Strack, ORCA Associates GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Dr. Steve M. F. Lai, Standards and Technology, Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, Singapore Dr. Jürgen Schönhut, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Daten- Board Of Trustees (Kuratorium) ZGDV, Darmstadt and Rostock, verarbeitung, Germany (Secretary) Assoc. Prof. Seah Hock Soon, School of Computer Engineering, Germany Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner, Technische Univer- Mr. Tan Chek Ming, Services Development Division, Economic sität Darmstadt, Germany (Chairman) Board of Directors (Vorstand) Development Board, Singapore Prof. Dr. Karl Hantzschmann, Universität Rostock, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Dr. Matthias Unbescheiden, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V., Germany (Vice Chairman) Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany (Chairman) Mr. Stephen Yeo, Singapore Computer Systems Limited, Singapore Lothar Brozio, Ministry of Economics of the State of Dr. Erwin Königs, Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany (Vice Chairman) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner, Technische Universität Managing Directors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Permanent Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Wolfgang Felger Member as Founder Prof. Dr. rer.nat.habil. Günther Wildenhain, Universität Rostock, Dr. Tony Chan Dr. Wolfgang Felger, Centre for Advanced Media Technology, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Hans-Jürgen Warnecke, President of the Singapore Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V., München, Germany Prof. Dr. Dieter Fellner, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alfred Katzenbach, DaimlerChrysler AG, Ulm, Germany Germany Dr. Bernhard Nottbeck, Siemens AG, München, Germany Günter Frey, Ministry of Economics, Transportation, Urban and Thomas Norweg, Deutsche Grundbesitz Management GmbH, Regional Development of the State of Hessen, Germany Eschborn, Germany Prof. Dr. Markus Groß, ETH Zürich, Switzerland Gerd Olsowsky-Klein, Microsoft GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany Stefan Hassinger, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Dr. Hans-Peter Quadt, Deutsche Telekom AG, Bonn, Germany Rostock, Germany Dr. Bertram Herzog, Fraunhofer Center for Research in Managing Directors Dr. Bernd Kehrer Computer Graphics, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, USA Herbert Kuhlmann Gabriele Hövel, CMC Communication Media Consult GmbH, CCG, Coimbra, Portugal Köln, Germany Business Manager Dr. Bernd Kehrer, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Karsten Schmidt Executive Board e.V., Darmstadt, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Zentrum für Prof. Dr. Reinhard Klein, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Associate Director for ZGDV Rostock Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Germany (President) Stefan Hassinger Prof. Altamiro Machado, Universidade do Minho Germany Prof. Ruy Mesquita, Instituto Superior Técnico Dr. Hans-Peter Kohlhammer, GTS Business Services Western Members (as of June 2000) Dr. Álvaro de Oliveira, Alfamicro Europe, London, UK Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Adérito Fernandes Marcos, CCG (Executive Director) Dr. Erwin Königs, Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany Universität Rostock, Germany Prof. Dr. Detlef Krömker, Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum für Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V., München, Germany Financial Council Computergraphik in Chemie und Pharmazie (AGC), Frankfurt, 3 Com GmbH, München, Germany Karsten Schmidt, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Germany Auspex Systems GmbH, München, Germany Germany (President) Dr. Volker Kühn, T-Data GmbH, Bonn, Germany DaimlerChrysler AG, Ulm, Germany Eng. João Brandão Soares, CCRC, Portugal Roger Mandle, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, USA Deutsche Telekom AG, Bonn, Germany Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany Managing Board MinR Gerd Mangel, Ministry of Science and Art of the State of Dr. Adérito Fernandes Marcos, Executive Director Hessen, Germany Druckhaus Waiblingen, Waiblingen, Germany Grafik+Design-Schule Anklam, Germany Jürgen Bund, Executive Manager Dr. Adérito Fernandes Marcos, Centro de Computação Gráfica, GTS-GRAL AG, Darmstadt, Germany Coimbra, Portugal Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, Heidelberg, Germany CCG Members (as of June 2000) Dr. Jürgen Schönhut, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Daten- Hewlett-Packard GmbH, Böblingen, Germany ZGDV – Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Darmstadt, verarbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany JEPPESEN & CO. GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Germany Prof. Dr. Heidrun Schumann, Universität Rostock, Germany Loewe AG, Kronach, Germany Universidade do Minho – Departamento de Sistemas de Informação, Assoc. Prof. Seah Hock Soon, School of Computer Engineering, MarineSoft Entwicklungs- und Logistik GmbH, Rostock, Germany Guimarães, Portugal Alfamicro, Sistemas de Computadores, Lda, Portugal Singapore Microsoft Deutschland GmbH, München, Germany NetValue Gesellschaft für Kommunikation + Technologie mbH, CP – Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses, Portugal Dr. Rüdiger Strack, ORCA Associates GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Centimfe – Centro Tecnológico da Indústria de Moldes e Ferramentas Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Straßer, Universität Tübingen, Germany Frankfurt, Germany R&B Consulting GmbH, Obernburg, Germany Especiais, Portugal Prof. Dr. Bodo Urban, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Daten- Siemens AG, Berlin/München, Germany CCRC – Comissão de Coordenação da Região Centro, Portugal verarbeitung, Institutsteil Rostock, Germany Silicon Graphics GmbH, München, Germany DGEMN – Direção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais, Prof. Dr. Andries van Dam, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany Portugal Island, USA Sun Microsystems GmbH, Grasbrunn, Germany EDP – Electricidade de Portugal, SA, Portugal State of Hesse (project-oriented membership), Germany Empresa do Jornal de Notícias, SA, Portugal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Ministry of Economic Affairs MedCom – Corporation for Medical Technologies, Darmstadt, (project-oriented membership), Germany Germany neXtvision, Sistemas Gráficos, Computação e Informática, Lda, Portugal Software Ag Portugal Alta Tecnologia Informática, Lda, Portugal vrcom GmbH – Corporation for Solutions on Immersive Visualization, Darmstadt, Germany ® CAST

Forum für Informations- und Competence Center for Kommunikations-Technologie- Applied Security Technology Transfer des ZGDV e.V. Forum des ZGDV e.V. CAPCom GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany IKTT Forum of ZGDV, Erbach, CAST Forum, Darmstadt, Germany Germany Managing Directors Managing Director Dr. Christoph Busch, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverar- Dirk Bönning Managing Directors beitung, Darmstadt, Germany Anette Knierriem-Jasnoch, IKTT, Erbach, Germany Markus Ruppert, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Associates Herbert Kuhlmann, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V., München, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Members (as of June 2000) Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Darmstadt, Rainer Seibold, Odenwaldkreis, Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt-CDC, Germany Germany Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Darmstadt, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação Business Members (as of June 2000) Germany and past and present senior staff of the INI-GraphicsNet BAW GmbH, Michelstadt, Germany BHF-Bank, Frankfurt, Germany Robert Bosch GmbH, Erbach, Germany Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, Bonn, Germany Dt. Telekom AG, NL Darmstadt, Germany Bundesdruckerei GmbH, Berlin, Germany INI-Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsgesellschaft ECO Electronic Commerce Forum e.V., Dortmund, Germany CACTUS eSecurity GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Erbacher Brauhaus, J. Wörner & Söhne KG, Erbach, Germany CAPCom GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Bürgerlichen Rechts mit Haftungsbe- ESI Service Management Beratung GmbH, Erbach, Germany CE Infosys GmbH, Bodenheim, Germany GMD Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik GmbH, Darmstadt, Commerzbank AG, Frankfurt, Germany schränkung Germany Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt, Germany HEAG MediaNet GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Deutsches Forschungszentrum für künstliche Intelligenz (DFKI), Managing Director IHK Darmstadt, Germany Saarbrücken, Germany Wolfgang Kniejski, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Daten- IVO Industrievereinigung Odenwald e.V., Erbach, Germany DITR/DIN e.V., Berlin, Germany verarbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany D. Koenitz GmbH, Winningen, Germany Fachhochschule Darmstadt, Germany Kreisstadt Erbach, Germany Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen, Erlangen, Germay nextra GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany GMD-IPSI, Darmstadt, Germany INI-Graphics Investitions Holding GmbH Odenwaldkreis, Erbach, Germany GMD-SIT, Darmstadt, Germany OREG mbH, Erbach, Germany HM health&media GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Board of Directors PCC Consulting GmbH, Erbach, Germany KOBIL Computer Systeme GmbH, Worms, Germany Dr. Thomas Kühr, T-Telematic Venture Holding GmbH, Bonn, Germany SCV GmbH, Michelstadt, Germany Lufthansa Systems GmbH, Kelsterbach, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Fraunhofer-Institut Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany MediaSec Technologies LLC, Providence, USA für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany Sparkasse Odenwaldkreis, Erbach, Germany SECUDE GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Wolfgang Kniejski, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, STTI – Serivce to the Internet GmbH, Erbach, Germany SECUNET AG, Essen, Germany Darmstadt, Germany TESO AG – Tele-Service-Odenwald, Michelstadt, Germany Siemens AG, München, Germany Axel Kühn, Dresdner Kleinwort & Benson, Frankfurt, Germany Volksbank Odenwald e.G. Michelstadt, Germany SLAT DV-Consulting GmbH, Waldems, Germany Volkshochschule Odenwald e.V., Germany T-Nova Deutsche Telekom Innovationsgesellschaft mbH - Managing Director W/S Medienkonzepte, Beerfelden, Germany Technologiezentrum Darmstadt, Germany Joachim-H. Wolff, T-Telematic Venture Holding GmbH, München, Technische Universität Darmstadt-DIK, Germany Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt-GRIS, Germany USD GmbH, Langen, Germany Advisory Board (Beirat) ISMV Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr. E.h. José L. Encarnação, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Darmstadt, Germany Forums of ZGDV Prof. Dr. Johannes Buchmann, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Forum für Germany Informations-Services in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern des ZGDV e.V. InGeoForum Informations- und ISMV Forum of ZGDV, Rostock, Kooperationsforum für Geodaten des ZGDV e.V. Germany

InGeoForum of ZGDV, Darmstadt, Managing Directors OpenSG Forum Prof. Dr. Bodo Urban, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverar- Forum des ZGDV e.V. Germany beitung, Institutsteil Rostock, Germany (Speaker) Dipl.-Ing. Bodo Henning, DVZ Datenverarbeitungszentrum Mecklen- Managing Directors burg-Vorpommern GmbH, Schwerin, Germany OpenSG Forum, Darmstadt, Germany Dipl.-Ing. Ralf-H. Borchert, Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, Dr. Holger Meyer, Universität Rostock, Germany Wiesbaden, Germany (Speaker) Managing Directors Prof. Dr. Christine Giger, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Members (as of June 2000) Dirk Reiners, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., e.V., Darmstadt, Germany Deutsche Telekom AG, NL Rostock, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Uwe Jasnoch, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbei- DVZ Datenverarbeitungszentrum Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH, Dr. Stefan Müller, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbei- tung, Darmstadt, Germany Schwerin, Germany tung, Darmstadt, Germany EasyBrowse EP-Service GmbH, Schwerin, Germany Members (as of June 2000) Fraunhofer Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Institutsteil Members (as of June 2000) Active Knowledge GmbH, München Germany Rostock, Germany ABB research center, Heidelberg, Germany CISS TDI GmbH, Sinzig, Germany GECKO Gesellschaft für Computer- und Informationssysteme mbH, Adam Opel AG, Rüsselsheim, Germany con terra GmbH, Münster, Germany Rostock, Germany AUDI AG, Ingolstadt, Germany DDS digital data services GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation und Informationstechnik mbH, BMW AG, München, Germany Deutsche Post Direkt GmbH, Bonn, Germany Neubrandenburg, Germany DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG, München, Germany Dornier Satellitensysteme GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany LiNK MV e.V., Rostock, Germany DaimlerChrysler AG, Ulm, Germany Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Darmstadt, Germany MEDEOCOM Gesellschaft für Informations- und Kom- Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation, Stuttgart, GELIS Gesellschaft für Landinformationssysteme mbH, Groß-Zimmern, Germany munikationssysteme mbH, Rostock, Germany Germany GFI-Gesellschaft für Informationstechnologie mbH, Leipzig, Germany MV-Infoline GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Schwerin, Germany Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Darmstadt, Habermehl & Follmann, Planungsbüro für Verkehrswesen, Rodgau, Germany Planet GmbH, Schwerin, Germany Germany Hessische Technologiestiftung, Wiesbaden, Germany SundData GmbH, Stralsund, Germany INI-GraphicsNet Stiftung, Darmstadt, Germany Höfer & Bechtel GmbH, Mainhausen, Germany Universität Rostock, Germany Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lissabon, Portugal HZD-Hessische Zentrale für Datenverarbeitung, Wiesbaden, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Germany i3mainz-Institut für Raumbezogene Informations- und Messtechnik, Realax AG, Ettlingen, Germany Fachhochschule Mainz, Germany Siemens AG, ZT, München, Germany Ing. KH Ingenieurkammer des Landes Hessen, Wiesbaden, Germany Silicon Graphics GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany Institute for International Research GmbH & Co., Sulzbach/Ts., Germany Softlab GmbH, München, Germany Institut für Geoinformation und Landesvermessung, Technische TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany Universität Wien, Austria TU München, München, Germany Institut für Geoinformation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany InsDOM-Institute for Domain Modeling, Luzern, Switzerland mmsc vrcom GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Multimedia Support Center Intergraph Deutschland GmbH, Ismaning, Germany Wiese L. C., Wesel, Germany Kiesewetter & partner-Agentur für Marketing und Werbung, Freiburg, Germany Kommunalverband Ruhrgebiet Essen, Germany Kreller KG, Dreieich, Germany Landesvermessungsamt Baden-Wüttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany MMSC Forum of ZGDV, Darmstadt, LGN – Landesvermessung+Geobasisinformation Niedersachsen, Hannover, Germany Germany KOMM-MV Forum of ZGDV, LUM Geographische Informationssysteme GmbH, Selfkant-Hillensberg, Germany Managing Directors Rostock, Germany megatel Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme GmbH, Bremen, Germany Luc Neumann, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., PLANIVER Planungsbüro für Ingenieurbauwerke und Verkehrsanlagen GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany (Speaker) Managing Directors Neubrandenburg, Germany Susanne Jung, IHK Darmstadt, Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eckhard Bartsch, Hess. Landesvermessungsamt a.D. Niedern- Mirko Dobermann, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung e.V., Rostock, Germany (Speaker) hausen, Germany Members (as of June 2000) SICAD Geomatics GmbH & Co. OHG, Frankfurt, Germany Thomas Pätzold, Institut für neue medien GmbH (ifnm), Rostock, Benus GmbH, Weiterstadt, Germany Germany Stadtmessungsamt Stuttgart, Germany CAPCom GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Bernd Mäder, DEKRA Akademie GmbH, Medienakademie Rügen, Deutsche Telekom AG, NL Darmstadt, Germany Binz, Germany Tensing GeoInformatik GmbH, Aachen, Germany Fachhochschule Darmstadt, Germany Universität der Bundeswehr München, AG GIS, Neubiberg, Germany Feldt Vision’s Communication, Eltville, Germany Members (as of June 2000) Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Darmstadt, Universität Rostock, Germany Germany Fraunhofer Gesellschaft vertreten durch das GMD Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik GmbH, Darmstadt, Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung IGD Rostock, Germany Germany Hessische Technologiestiftung GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany Institut für neue medien GmbH (ifnm), Rostock, Germany IHK Darmstadt, Germany ANOVA Multimedia Studios GmbH, Rostock, Germany NetzWerkPlan GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany DEKRA Akademie GmbH, Medienakademie Rügen, Binz, Germany INI-Graphics Nextra Darmstadt Communication Service Provider GmbH, Darmstadt, Alumni-Forum MarineSoft Entwicklungs- und Logistikgesellschaft mbH, Germany Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany INI-Graphics-Alumni Forum OdiSys GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany F&C Forschungstechnik und Computersysteme GmbH, Gülzow, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Germany Speakers InvestitionsBank Hessen AG, Wiesbaden, Germany InBIT gGmbH, Rostock, Germany Dr. Volker Kühn, T-Data GmbH, Bonn, Germany Wissenschaftsstadt Darmstadt, Germany Orientation Online-Marketing Marc Waschkau, Greifswald, Germany Dr. Rüdiger Strack, ORCA Associates GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Dr. Werner Loeckel, Rostock, Germany Members About 80 former employees of INI-GraphicsNet ZGDV Members

g eg 19 ründet 14

as of June 2000

CCG Members

as of June 2000

46 CG topics 4/2000 Foundation INI-GraphicsNet Foundation Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-118 Email [email protected] Rundeturmstrasse 6 Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-100 [email protected] Stiftung D- 64283 Darmstadt [email protected]

INI-GraphicsNet

INTERAKTIVE

GRAPHISCH Forums of ZGDV SYSTEME Fraunhofer-Institut für Technische Universität Darmstadt Zentrum für Graphische Graphische Datenverarbeitung Fachbereich Informatik Datenverarbeitung e. V. Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Fachgebiet Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme Computer Graphics Center Forum für Informations- und Graphics Darmstadt University of Technology Rundeturmstrasse 6 Kommunikations-Technologie- Rundeturmstrasse 6 Department of Computer Science D- 64283 Darmstadt Transfer des ZGDV e.V. D- 64283 Darmstadt Interactive Graphics Systems Group Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-120 Marktplatz 9 (Schloss) Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-0 Rundeturmstrasse 6 Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-450 D- 64711 Erbach Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-199 D- 64283 Darmstadt Email [email protected] Phone +49 / 6062 / 9420-20 Email [email protected] Phone +49 / 6151 / 163478 WWW http://www.zgdv.de/ Fax +49 / 6062 / 9420-50 WWW http://www.igd.fhg.de/ Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-199 Email [email protected] Email [email protected] WWW http://www.iktt.de/ WWW http://www.gris.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/ EXTERNAL DIVISIONS COOPERATING UNIVERSITIES EXTERNAL DIVISIONS ISMV Fraunhofer-Institut für Universität Rostock Zentrum für Graphische Forum für Informations- Graphische Datenverarbeitung Rostock, Germany Datenverarbeitung e. V. Services in Mecklenburg- Institutsteil Rostock Außenstelle Rostock Vorpommern des ZGDV e.V. Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Computer Graphics Center Joachim-Jungius-Strasse 11 Graphics Joachim-Jungius-Strasse 11 D- 18059 Rostock Joachim-Jungius-Strasse 11 D- 18059 Rostock Phone +49 / 381 / 4024-110 D- 18059 Rostock Phone +49 / 381 / 4024-150 Fax +49 / 381 / 4024-199 Phone +49 / 381 / 4024-110 Fax +49 / 381 / 446088 Email [email protected] Fax +49 / 381 / 4024-199 Email [email protected] WWW http://ismv.rostock.zgdv.de/ Email [email protected] WWW http://www.rostock.zgdv.de/ WWW http://www.rostock.igd.fhg.de/ Informations- und Kooperations- Brown University forum für Geodaten des ZGDV e.V. Providence, RI, USA CRCG Rundeturmstrasse 6 D- 64283 Darmstadt Fraunhofer Center for Research Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-400/401 in Computer Graphics, Inc. Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-410 321 S. Main Street, Providence, Email [email protected] Rhode Island 02903, USA Rhode Island WWW http://www.ingeoforum.de/ Phone +1 / 401 / 453-6363 School of Design Fax +1 / 401 / 453-0444 Providence, RI, USA Email [email protected] WWW http://www.crcg.edu/ Multimedia Support Center Hessen Forum des ZGDV Universidade do Minho Rundeturmstrasse 6 Departamento de Sistemas de Informação D- 64283 Darmstadt Guimarães, Portugal Centro de Computação Gráfica Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-620 Computer Graphics Center Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-621 Rua Rodrigues de Gusmão, 21 Email [email protected] 3000-345 Coimbra, Portugal WWW http://www.mmsc-hessen.de/ Phone +351 / 239 / 4809-00 Fax +351 / 239 / 4809-48 CAST Email [email protected] CAST Forum WWW http://www.ccg.pt/ Competence Center for Applied Security Technology CAM Nanyang Technological University Rundeturmstrasse 6 Tech Singapore D- 64283 Darmstadt Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-147 Centre for Advanced Media Technology Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-499 Nanyang Technological University Email [email protected] Block N4 #2A-32 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Phone +65 / 790-6988, -6949 INI-Graphics Fax +65 / 792-4117 Alumni-Forum Email [email protected] INI-Graphics-Alumni Forum WWW http://www.camtech.ntu.edu.sg/ c/o Computer Graphics Center Rundeturmstrasse 6 D- 64283 Darmstadt Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-120 Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-450 Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Email [email protected] Frankfurt am Main Department of Computer Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum Science OpenSG Forum für Computergraphik in Chemie Computer Graphics Group Rundeturmstrasse 6 und Pharmazie (AGC) D- 64283 Darmstadt Fraunhofer Application Center for Computer Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-188 Graphics in Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-196 Carl Bosch-Haus Email [email protected] Varrentrappstrasse 40-42 D- 60486 Frankfurt/Main Phone +49 / 69 97 995-0 Fax +49 / 69 97 995-199 KOMM-MV Forum Email [email protected] Joachim-Jungius-Strasse 11 WWW http://www.agc.fhg.de D- 18059 Rostock Phone +49 / 381 / 4024-160 Fax +49 / 381 / 446088 Email [email protected]

CAPCom Technologie Beratung CAPCOM ® Entwicklung und Vertrieb GmbH Phone +49 / 6151 / 155-900 Email [email protected] Rundeturmstrasse 6 Fax +49 / 6151 / 155-909 WWW http://www.capcom.de/ D- 64283 Darmstadt

INI-Graphics Investitions Holding GmbH Phone +49 / 89 / 46 08 97 85 Email [email protected] Rundeturmstrasse 6 Fax +49 / 89 / 46 08 97 86 D- 64283 Darmstadt INI-GraphicsNet

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