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History and Culture
HISTORY AND CULTURE A HAMBURG PORTUGUESE IN THE SERVICE OF THE HAGANAH: THE TRIAL AGAINST DAVID SEALTIEL IN HAMBURG (1937) Ina Lorenz (Hamburg. Germany) Spotlighted in the story here to be told is David de Benjamin Sealtiel (Shaltiel, 1903–1969), a Sephardi Jew from Hamburg, who from 1934 worked for the Haganah in Palestine as a weapons buyer. He paid for that activity with 862 days in incarceration under extremely difficult conditions of detention in the concentration camps of the SS.1 Jewish Immigration into Palestine and the Founding of the Haganah2 In order to be able to effectively protect the new Jewish settlements in Palestine from Arab attacks, and since possession of weapons was prohibited under the British Mandatory administration, arms and munitions initially were generally being smuggled into Palestine via French- controlled Syria. The leaders of the Haganah and Histadrut transformed the Haganah with the help of the Jewish Agency from a more or less untrained militia into a paramilitary group. The organization, led by Yisrael Galili (1911–1986), which in the rapidly growing Jewish towns had approximately 10,000 members, continued to be subordinate to the civilian leadership of the Histadrut. The Histadrut also was responsible for the ———— 1 Michael Studemund-Halévy has dealt with the fascinating, complex personality of David Sealtiel/Shaltiel in a number of publications in German, Hebrew, French and English: “From Hamburg to Paris”; “Vom Shaliach in den Yishuv”; “Sioniste au par- fum romanesque”; “David Shaltiel.” See also [Shaltiel, David]. “In meines Vaters Haus”; Scholem. “Erinnerungen an David Shaltiel (1903–1968).” The short bio- graphical sketches on David Sealtiel are often based on inadequate, incorrect, wrong or fictitious informations: Avidar-Tschernovitz. -
MDM Online: Quedlinburg/Harz
PR O D U K TIO N SZEN TR U M Q U ED LIN BU R G /H A R Z IN H A LT Produktionszentrum Quedlinburg/Harz 2 Lage in Mitteldeutschland 3 Übersicht 4 Antragstellung 5 Adressen Locations und Dienstleister 6 Immobilien, Hallen und Produktionsbüros 6 Unterkünfte und Hotels 6 Gastroverzeichnis 7 Notdienste und Gesundheitsversorgung 7 Energie, Wasser, Abwasser und Abfall 7 Verkehrsinformationen 7 Kinos und Theater 8 Regionale Pressekontakte 9 Referenzprojekte 10 Kontakt & Impressum 11 Seite 1 von 11 PR O D U K TIO N SZEN TR U M Q U ED LIN BU R G /H A R Z OBERBÜRGERMEISTER Frank Ruch Das Produktionszentrum Quedlinburg liegt im nordöstlichen Harzvorland GEOGRAFISCHE LAGE 10° 09` östliche Länge im geschichtsträchtigen Harzer Städtedreieck Wernigerode-Halberstadt- 51° 48` nördliche Breite Quedlinburg. In einer Reichweite von einer Stunde Fahrtzeit sind der FLÄCHE DES STADTGEBIETES 102 km2 Harz, das Harzvorland sowie Magdeburg und Halle gut erreichbar. Das nördliche Harzvorland zeigt sich als sanft gewellte Landschaft mit EINWOHNER 23.800 weitläufigen Ackerflächen, Höhenzügen und Flussniederungen, die von ENTFERNUNGEN Hannover 135 km (01:40 h) der Landwirtschaft bestimmt wird. Niederungs-und Wiesenlandschaften Magdeburg 59 km (00:50 h) mit schilf- und weidengesäumten Gräben, alte Buchenwälder und die Halle 83 km (01:10 h) bizarren Felsformationen der Teufelsmauer sind Teil der Leipzig 122 km (01:30 h) wildromantischen Harzer Natur. Dresden 146 km (01:30 h) Besonderes Merkmal ländlicher und städtischer Baukultur ist das vielfältig Erfurt 130 km (02:00 h) genutzte Fachwerk, welches den Großteil der Region bestimmt. Die historischen Zentren weltlicher und sakraler Macht stellen sich als bedeutende Sandsteinbauwerke dar. -
Demshuk CV2020-Extended
ANDREW THOMAS DEMSHUK, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History Battelle-Tompkins Hall, 119 American University 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW [email protected] Washington, DC 20016 Peer-Reviewed Monographs: Three Cities after Hitler: Redemptive Reconstruction across Cold War Borders (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, forthcoming 2022). Bowling for Communism: Urban Ingenuity at the End of East Germany (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, forthcoming October 2020). Demolition on Karl Marx Square: Cultural Barbarism and the People’s State in 1968 (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945-1970 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012). Paperback Edition, 2014. Co-Editor and Contributor: “The Voice of the Lost German East: Heimat Bells as Soundscapes of Memory,” in Cultural Landscapes: Transatlantische Perspektiven auf Wirkungen und Auswirkungen deutscher Kultur und Geschichte im östlichen Europa, ed. Andrew Demshuk and Tobias Weger (Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2015). Current Book-Length Projects: “Alien Homeland: Human Encounters after Forced Migration on a German-Polish Borderland, 1970-1990” Peer-Reviewed Articles: “The People’s Bowling Palace: Building Underground in Late Communist Leipzig,” Contemporary European History 29, no. 3 (August 2020): 339-355. “A Polish Approach for German Cities? Cement Old Towns and the Search for Rootedness in Postwar Leipzig and Frankfurt/Main,” European History Quarterly 50, no. 1 (Jan. 2020): 88-127. “Rebuilding after the Reich: Sacred Sites in Frankfurt, Leipzig, and Wrocław, 1945-1949,” in War and the City: The Urban Context of Conflict and Mass Destruction, ed. Tim Keogh (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2019): 167-193. -
CS 4700: Foundations of Artificial Intelligence
CS 4700: Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Bart Selman [email protected] Module: Informed Search Readings R&N - Chapter 3: 3.5 and 3.6 Search Search strategies determined by choice of node (in queue) to expand Uninformed search: – Distance to goal not taken into account Informed search : – Information about cost to goal taken into account Aside: “Cleverness” about what option to explore next, almost seems a hallmark of intelligence. E.g., a sense of what might be a good move in chess or what step to try next in a mathematical proof. We don’t do blind search… Basic idea: State evaluation Start state function can effectively guide search. Also in multi-agent settings. (Chess: board eval.) Reinforcement learning: Learn the state eval function. Goal A breadth-first search tree. Perfect “heuristics,” eliminates search. Approximate heuristics, significantly reduces search. Best (provably) use of search heuristic info: Best-first / A* search. Outline • Best-first search • Greedy best-first search • A* search • Heuristics How to take information into account? Best-first search. Idea : use an evaluation function for each node – Estimate of “desirability” of node – Expand most desirable unexpanded node first (“best-first search”) – Heuristic Functions : • f: States à Numbers • f(n): expresses the quality of the state n – Allows us to express problem-specific knowledge, – Can be imported in a generic way in the algorithms. – Use uniform-cost search. See Figure 3.14 but use f(n) instead of path cost g(n). – Queuing based on f(n): Order the nodes in fringe in decreasing order of desirability Special cases: • greedy best-first search • A* search Romanian path finding problem Base eg on GPS info. -
NORTH RHINE WESTPHALIA 10 REASONS YOU SHOULD VISIT in 2019 the Mini Guide
NORTH RHINE WESTPHALIA 10 REASONS YOU SHOULD VISIT IN 2019 The mini guide In association with Commercial Editor Olivia Lee Editor-in-Chief Lyn Hughes Art Director Graham Berridge Writer Marcel Krueger Managing Editor Tom Hawker Managing Director Tilly McAuliffe Publishing Director John Innes ([email protected]) Publisher Catriona Bolger ([email protected]) Commercial Manager Adam Lloyds ([email protected]) Copyright Wanderlust Publications Ltd 2019 Cover KölnKongress GmbH 2 www.nrw-tourism.com/highlights2019 NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA Welcome On hearing the name North Rhine- Westphalia, your first thought might be North Rhine Where and What? This colourful region of western Germany, bordering the Netherlands and Belgium, is perhaps better known by its iconic cities; Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn. But North Rhine-Westphalia has far more to offer than a smattering of famous names, including over 900 museums, thousands of kilometres of cycleways and a calendar of exciting events lined up for the coming year. ONLINE Over the next few pages INFO we offer just a handful of the Head to many reasons you should visit nrw-tourism.com in 2019. And with direct flights for more information across the UK taking less than 90 minutes, it’s the perfect destination to slip away to on a Friday and still be back in time for your Monday commute. Published by Olivia Lee Editor www.nrw-tourism.com/highlights2019 3 NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA DID YOU KNOW? Despite being landlocked, North Rhine-Westphalia has over 1,500km of rivers, 360km of canals and more than 200 lakes. ‘Father Rhine’ weaves 226km through the state, from Bad Honnef in the south to Kleve in the north. -
Flora Der Stadt Halle (Saale) Jens Stolle Und Stefan Klotz
Flora der Stadt Jens Stolle Halle (Saale) Stefan Klotz hallesche umweltblätter ISSN 0949-8573 5. Sonderheft Meist in der zweiten Märzhälfte präsentiert sich der Stadtgottesacker mit einem blauen Teppich aus blühenden Blausternen (Scilla siberica). Diese schon seit langem als Zierpflanze gebräuchliche Art konnte auf dem seit dem 16. Jahrhundert existierenden Friedhof dank geeigneter Standortbe- dingungen (halbschattig, nährstoffreich) massenhaft verwildern. Die Gewöhnliche Kuhschelle (Pulsatilla vulgaris) ist ein attraktiver Frühblüher, der auf den Porphyrhü- geln im Nordwesten des Stadtgebietes im Gegensatz zu anderen Gebieten Sachsen-Anhalts noch relativ stabile Vorkommen besitzt. Fotos: Jens Stolle Flora der Stadt Halle (Saale) Jens Stolle und Stefan Klotz hallesche umweltblätter 5. Sonderheft Abkürzungsverzeichnis Häufigkeit Ortsangaben s ���������� selten, 1-3 Vorkommen N ��������� Nord-.../ nördlich von... z ���������� zerstreut, 4-10 Vorkommen S ���������� Süd-.../ südlich von... v ���������� verbreitet, 11-30 Vorkommen W �������� West-.../ westlich von... g ���������� gewöhnlich, > 30 Vorkommen O ��������� Ost-.../ östlich von... Status im Gebiet k ���������� Verbreitungskarte vorhanden I ���������� indigen, einheimische Art I? ��������� fraglich ob indigen Rasterdaten in den Verbreitungskarten N U ����� Neophyt (Einwanderung nach 1500), • ��������� aktuelle Vorkommen einheimischer / unbeständige Vorkommen archäophytischer Arten (Ephemerophyt) ��������� aktuelle Vorkommen von Neophyten N U?.... Neophyt, fraglich ob unbeständig oder -
From Charlemagne to Hitler: the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Symbolism
From Charlemagne to Hitler: The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and its Symbolism Dagmar Paulus (University College London) [email protected] 2 The fabled Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire is a striking visual image of political power whose symbolism influenced political discourse in the German-speaking lands over centuries. Together with other artefacts such as the Holy Lance or the Imperial Orb and Sword, the crown was part of the so-called Imperial Regalia, a collection of sacred objects that connotated royal authority and which were used at the coronations of kings and emperors during the Middle Ages and beyond. But even after the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the crown remained a powerful political symbol. In Germany, it was seen as the very embodiment of the Reichsidee, the concept or notion of the German Empire, which shaped the political landscape of Germany right up to National Socialism. In this paper, I will first present the crown itself as well as the political and religious connotations it carries. I will then move on to demonstrate how its symbolism was appropriated during the Second German Empire from 1871 onwards, and later by the Nazis in the so-called Third Reich, in order to legitimise political authority. I The crown, as part of the Regalia, had a symbolic and representational function that can be difficult for us to imagine today. On the one hand, it stood of course for royal authority. During coronations, the Regalia marked and established the transfer of authority from one ruler to his successor, ensuring continuity amidst the change that took place. -
Evidence from Hamburg's Import Trade, Eightee
Economic History Working Papers No: 266/2017 Great divergence, consumer revolution and the reorganization of textile markets: Evidence from Hamburg’s import trade, eighteenth century Ulrich Pfister Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. F: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC HISTORY WORKING PAPERS NO. 266 – AUGUST 2017 Great divergence, consumer revolution and the reorganization of textile markets: Evidence from Hamburg’s import trade, eighteenth century Ulrich Pfister Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Email: [email protected] Abstract The study combines information on some 180,000 import declarations for 36 years in 1733–1798 with published prices for forty-odd commodities to produce aggregate and commodity specific estimates of import quantities in Hamburg’s overseas trade. In order to explain the trajectory of imports of specific commodities estimates of simple import demand functions are carried out. Since Hamburg constituted the principal German sea port already at that time, information on its imports can be used to derive tentative statements on the aggregate evolution of Germany’s foreign trade. The main results are as follows: Import quantities grew at an average rate of at least 0.7 per cent between 1736 and 1794, which is a bit faster than the increase of population and GDP, implying an increase in openness. Relative import prices did not fall, which suggests that innovations in transport technology and improvement of business practices played no role in overseas trade growth. -
REFORM, RESISTANCE and REVOLUTION in the OTHER GERMANY By
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository RETHINKING THE GDR OPPOSITION: REFORM, RESISTANCE AND REVOLUTION IN THE OTHER GERMANY by ALEXANDER D. BROWN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern Languages School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music University of Birmingham January 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The following thesis looks at the subject of communist-oriented opposition in the GDR. More specifically, it considers how this phenomenon has been reconstructed in the state-mandated memory landscape of the Federal Republic of Germany since unification in 1990. It does so by presenting three case studies of particular representative value. The first looks at the former member of the Politbüro Paul Merker and how his entanglement in questions surrounding antifascism and antisemitism in the 1950s has become a significant trope in narratives of national (de-)legitimisation since 1990. The second delves into the phenomenon of the dissident through the aperture of prominent singer-songwriter, Wolf Biermann, who was famously exiled in 1976. -
Heartland of German History
Travel DesTinaTion saxony-anhalT HEARTLAND OF GERMAN HISTORY The sky paThs MAGICAL MOMENTS OF THE MILLENNIA UNESCo WORLD HERITAGE AS FAR AS THE EYE CAN SEE www.saxony-anhalt-tourism.eu 6 good reasons to visit Saxony-Anhalt! for fans of Romanesque art and Romance for treasure hunters naumburg Cathedral The nebra sky Disk for lateral thinkers for strollers luther sites in lutherstadt Wittenberg Garden kingdom Dessau-Wörlitz for knights of the pedal for lovers of fresh air elbe Cycle route Bode Gorge in the harz mountains The Luisium park in www.saxony-anhalt-tourism.eu the Garden Kingdom Dessau-Wörlitz Heartland of German History 1 contents Saxony-Anhalt concise 6 Fascination Middle Ages: “Romanesque Road” The Nabra Original venues of medieval life Sky Disk 31 A romantic journey with the Harz 7 Pomp and Myth narrow-gauge railway is a must for everyone. Showpieces of the Romanesque Road 10 “Mona Lisa” of Saxony-Anhalt walks “Sky Path” INForMaTive Saxony-Anhalt’s contribution to the history of innovation of mankind holiday destination saxony- anhalt. Find out what’s on 14 Treasures of garden art offer here. On the way to paradise - Garden Dreams Saxony-Anhalt Of course, these aren’t the only interesting towns and destinations in Saxony-Anhalt! It’s worth taking a look 18 Baroque music is Central German at www.saxony-anhalt-tourism.eu. 8 800 years of music history is worth lending an ear to We would be happy to help you with any questions or requests regarding Until the discovery of planning your trip. Just call, fax or the Nebra Sky Disk in 22 On the road in the land of Luther send an e-mail and we will be ready to the south of Saxony- provide any assistance you need. -
1 Co? Was? German-Polish Linguistic Attitudes in Frankfurt (Oder)
Co? Was ? German-Polish Linguistic Attitudes in Frankfurt (Oder) Megan Clark Senior Linguistics Thesis Bryn Mawr College 2010 In this study I analyze the linguistic attitudes held by Polish and German speakers in the border towns of Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany and Słubice, Poland, held together by a cross-border university. I consider the historical background in the relationship between the two communities, including but not limited to the effect of Germany and Poland’s separate entrances into the European Union and Schengen zone, which have divided the two countries until recently, as well as the adoption of the Euro in both Germany and, later, Poland. With consideration of this history, I explore the concept of linguistic attitudes in other border communities to mark parallels and differences in the attitudes of speakers on each side of the border, most notably different because of the presence of the university on both sides of the dividing river. I supplement this research with a study conducted on speakers themselves within each side of the community to explore the underlying thoughts and ideas behind attitudes toward speakers of the other language, investigating why so many Polish speakers are fluent in German, while only a few German students endeavor to learn Polish. The research we have conducted here explores a very important aspect of language attitudes as a proxy for European geo-political relations as exemplified in the role of Poland as an outlier in the European Union due to its late joining and reluctant acceptance of the Euro. Though student relations on the border are strong, the heart of Słubice remains untouched by German residents, despite full osmosis of Polish citizens into the heart of Frankfurt. -
North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) / India
Page 1 of 13 Consulate General of India Frankfurt *** General and Bilateral Brief- North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) / India North Rhine-Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. It was formed in 1946 as a merger of the provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia, both formerly parts of Prussia, and the Free State of Lippe. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the largest city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten largest cities—Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essen— are located within the state, as well as the second largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr. NRW is a very diverse state, with vibrant business centers, bustling cities and peaceful natural landscapes. The state is home to one of the strongest industrial regions in the world and offers one of the most vibrant cultural landscapes in Europe. Salient Features 1. Geography: The state covers an area of 34,083 km2 and shares borders with Belgium in the southwest and the Netherlands in the west and northwest. It has borders with the German states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and Hesse to the southeast. Thinking of North Rhine-Westphalia also means thinking of the big rivers, of the grassland, the forests, the lakes that stretch between the Eifel hills and the Teutoburg Forest range. The most important rivers flowing at least partially through North Rhine-Westphalia include: the Rhine, the Ruhr, the Ems, the Lippe, and the Weser.