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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION 1999 TOYOTA RAV4 EV-INDUCTIVE Panasonic NiMH Battery ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION DIVISION Ricardo Solares Juan Argueta October 1999 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION DIVISION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON, A SUBSIDIARY OF EDISON INTERNATIONAL. NEITHER THE ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION DIVISION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON, EDISON INTERNATIONAL, NOR ANY PERSON WORKING FOR OR ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, PRODUCT, PROCESS OR PROCEDURE DISCUSSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE UPON OR INTERFERE WITH RIGHTS OF OTHERS, INCLUDING ANOTHER’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER’S CIRCUMSTANCE. NEITHER THE ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION DIVISION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON, EDISON INTERNATIONAL, NOR ANY PERSON WORKING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, PRODUCT, PROCESS OR PROCEDURE DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT. PURPOSE The purpose of SCE’s evaluation of electric vehicles (EVs), EV chargers, batteries, and related items is to support their safe and efficient use and to minimize potential utility system impacts. The following facts support this purpose: · As a fleet operator and an electric utility, SCE uses EVs to conduct its business. · SCE must evaluate EVs, batteries, and charging equipment in order to make informed purchase decisions. · SCE must determine if there are any safety issues with EV equipment and their usage. · SCE has a responsibility to educate and advise its customers about the efficient and safe operation of EVs. 2 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 4 II. MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................. 4 III. DEVIATIONS FROM THE SCE ELECTRIC VEHICLE TEST PROCEDURE ...................................... 5 IV. RESULTS............................................................................................................................................... 5 A. Nameplate Data Collection...................................................................................................................... 5 B. Weight Certification................................................................................................................................ 5 C. Range Tests ............................................................................................................................................ 6 C1. Urban Range Tests .............................................................................................................................. 6 C2. Freeway Range Tests........................................................................................................................... 7 D. Sound Level Testing ............................................................................................................................... 8 D1. Driving Sound Level Tests .............................................................................................................. 8 D2. Charging Sound Level Test.............................................................................................................. 9 E. State of Charge Meter Evaluation.......................................................................................................... 10 E1. Driving State of Charge (SOC) Meter Evaluation........................................................................... 10 E2. Charging State of Charge Meter Evaluation ................................................................................... 11 F. Acceleration, Braking and Maximum Speed Tests ................................................................................. 12 G. Charger Performance / Profile Test........................................................................................................ 13 G1. Charger Performance / Profile Test at EVTC .................................................................................... 13 G2. Charger Performance at Residence.................................................................................................... 14 V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................................... 14 A. Nameplate Data Collection.................................................................................................................... 14 B. Weight Certification.............................................................................................................................. 15 C. Range Tests .......................................................................................................................................... 16 C1. Urban Range Tests ............................................................................................................................ 16 C2. Freeway Range Tests......................................................................................................................... 17 D. Sound Level Test .................................................................................................................................. 18 D1. Driving Sound Level Test.............................................................................................................. 18 D2. Charging Sound Level Test............................................................................................................ 18 E. State of Charge Meter Evaluation.......................................................................................................... 18 E1. Driving ......................................................................................................................................... 19 E2. Charging ....................................................................................................................................... 19 F. Acceleration, Braking and Maximum Speed Tests ................................................................................. 20 G. Charger Performance / Profile Test........................................................................................................ 21 G1. Charger Performance / Profile Test at EVTC .................................................................................... 22 G2. Charger Performance Test at Residence ............................................................................................ 22 H. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................ 23 List of Appendices APPENDIX A Vehicle Specification Sheet ........................................................................... 24 APPENDIX B Battery Specification Sheet............................................................................ 27 APPENDIX C Pomona Urban and Freeway Loop Maps ....................................................... 30 APPENDIX D Vehicle Test Equipment and Nameplate Data Sheet...................................... 32 APPENDIX E Charger Testing / Analysis Data Sheet .......................................................... 34 APPENDIX F Acceleration and Estimated Horsepower Chart .............................................. 36 APPENDIX G BMI Graphical Data – EVTC .......................................................................... 38 APPENDIX H BMI Graphical Data – Residential Charging ................................................... 44 APPENDIX I Drive Data ..................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX J A/C Temperature Fluctuations ....................................................................... 68 APPENDIX K SCE Electric Vehicle Test Procedures .................................................................70 3 I. INTRODUCTION This report characterizes the performance of a 1999 Toyota RAV 4 inductively charged electric vehicle equipped with Panasonic Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. The tests performed were weight certification, range, vehicle performance, sound level tests, power quality evaluation, state of charge meter evaluation, and charger performance. Testing was performed at the Electric Vehicle Technical Center (EV Tech Center), at the Pomona Raceway, and on the Urban and Freeway Pomona Loops. For detailed procedures used for the testing, please refer to the SCE Electric Vehicle Test Procedure in Appendix K, page 70. Also refer to Appendix C, page 30, for maps of the Urban and Freeway Pomona Loops. II. MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATIONS Note: Refer to Appendix A, page24, for the manufacturer’s vehicle specification sheet Vehicle Make: Toyota Model: RAV 4 EV - Inductive Range: 130 miles city, 106 highway, 118 combined city and highway Maximum Speed: 79 mph (governed) Motor Type: Permanent magnet System Power: 20kW Rated - continuous 50 kW (67 hp) @ 3100-4600 rpm - peak Torque: 190 Nm @ 0-1500 rpm Transmission: Single Speed, front wheel drive Battery Type:
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