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Tulvariskien Alustava Arviointi Tenojoen Vesistöalueella II Suunnittelukausi

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Tulvariskien Alustava Arviointi Tenojoen Vesistöalueella II Suunnittelukausi 31.10.2018 Yhteistyössä: Tulvariskien alustava arviointi Tenojoen vesistöalueella II Suunnittelukausi Sisällysluettelo 1 Johdanto .....................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteet ja tarkoitus .............................................................................3 1.2 Tulvariskien alustava arviointi ..................................................................................................5 1.3 Tulokset ensimmäisestä suunnittelukaudesta ..........................................................................5 1.4 Viranomaisten suunnitelmien ja ohjelmien ympäristövaikutusten arviointi ..............................5 1.5 Kuuleminen alustavasta arvioinnista ........................................................................................6 2 Vesistön kuvaus .........................................................................................................................8 2.1 Hydrologia ................................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Valuma-alue .....................................................................................................................9 2.1.2 Virtaamat ja vedenkorkeudet ......................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Sadanta ja lämpötila ...................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Asutus ja maankäyttö ............................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Kaavoitus ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.4 Vesien tila .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.5 Suojelualueet ja kulttuuriperintö ............................................................................................ 22 2.6 Tulvasuojelu .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.7 Vesistörakenteet ja vesistön käyttö ....................................................................................... 25 3 Historiallinen tulvatieto ........................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Toteutuneet tulvat .................................................................................................................. 27 3.2 Jääpatotulvat ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.3 Arvio toteutuneiden tulvien vaikutuksesta nykytilanteessa ................................................... 31 4 Mahdolliset tulevaisuuden tulvat ja tulvariskit ..................................................................... 32 4.1 Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutus ................................................................................................. 32 4.2 Muun pitkäaikaisen kehityksen vaikutus tulvariskeihin ......................................................... 34 5 Tulvariskien tunnistamisen menetelmä ja arviointitekijät .................................................. 35 5.1 Vahingollisten seurausten arviointi ........................................................................................ 35 5.2 Tulvariskialueiden tunnistamisen lähtötiedot ......................................................................... 36 6 Tulvariskialueiden tunnistaminen ......................................................................................... 38 6.1 Tulvariskit ihmisten terveydelle ja turvallisuudelle ................................................................. 38 6.1.1 Asukkaat ja rakennukset tulvavaara-alueella ................................................................ 38 6.1.2 Vaikeasti evakuoitavat kohteet tulvavaara-alueella ...................................................... 38 6.2 Tulvariskit välttämättömyyspalveluille ................................................................................... 39 6.2.1 Lämmön- ja sähkönjakelu ............................................................................................. 39 6.2.2 Liikenneyhteydet ............................................................................................................ 39 6.2.3 Tietoliikenneyhteydet ja muut välttämättömyyspalveluiden kohteet ............................. 40 6.3 Tulvariskit kulttuuriperinnölle ................................................................................................. 40 6.4 Tulvariskit ympäristölle .......................................................................................................... 41 6.5 Tulvariskit yhteiskunnan taloudelliselle toiminnalle ............................................................... 42 6.6 Muut tulvariskit ....................................................................................................................... 43 6.6.1 Aiemmat tulvat ja niiden aiheuttamat vahingot .............................................................. 43 6.6.2 Säännöstelyn ja vesistörakenteiden aiheuttamat tulvariskit .......................................... 43 6.6.3 Alueelliset ja paikalliset olosuhteet ................................................................................ 43 7 Tulvariskien arvioinnin yhteenveto ....................................................................................... 44 7.1 Kooste tunnistetuista tulvariskeistä ....................................................................................... 44 7.2 Ehdotus merkittäviksi tulvariskialueiksi ................................................................................. 45 8 Tulvariskien alustava arviointi Norjassa ............................................................................... 46 9 Lähteet ...................................................................................................................................... 47 10 Liitteet ....................................................................................................................................... 49 Tulvariskien alustava arviointi Tenojoen vesistöalueella 2 II suunnittelukausi 1 Johdanto 1.1 Tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteet ja tarkoitus Laki tulvariskien hallinnasta (620/2010) ja siihen liittyvä asetus (659/2010) tulivat voimaan kesällä 2010. Lain tarkoituksena on vähentää tulvariskejä, ehkäistä ja lieventää tulvista aiheutuvia vahingollisia seu- rauksia sekä edistää varautumista tulviin. Lain tarkoituksena on myös sovittaa yhteen tulvariskien hal- linta ja vesistöalueen muu hoito ottaen huomioon vesivarojen kestävän käytön sekä suojelun tarpeet. Vesitaloudellisten keinojen ohella kiinnitetään huomiota erityisesti alueiden käytön suunnitteluun, raken- tamisen ohjaukseen sekä pelastustoimintaan. Tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteena on vähentää vahingol- lisia seurauksia ihmisten terveydelle ja turvallisuudelle. Lain ja asetuksen avulla toimeenpannaan Eu- roopan unionin tulvadirektiivi (2007/60/EY). Tulvariskien hallinnan suunnitteluun kuuluvat tulvariskien alustava arviointi (ks. luku 1.2), mahdollisten merkittävien tulvariskialueiden nimeäminen, tulvavaara- ja tulvariskikarttojen laatiminen sekä toimenpi- teiden selvittäminen. Lisäksi tulvariskien hallinnan suunnitteluun sisältyy viranomaisten suunnitelmien ja ohjelmien ympäristövaikutusten arviointi (SOVA-laki) (tarkemmin luvussa 1.4). Tulvariskien hallinnan suunnittelun prosessi ja SOVA-lain mukaiset vaiheet on esitetty kuvassa 1. Kuva 1. Tulvariskien hallinnan suunnittelun (siniset laatikot) ja ympäristöselostuksen valmistelun (vihreät laatikot) vaiheet ja niiden kytkeytyminen toisiinsa (mustat nuolet). (* huom. kuulemisen päivämääriä ei ole vielä vahvistettu) Tulvariskien alustava arviointi Tenojoen vesistöalueella 3 II suunnittelukausi Tulvariskien alustavan arvioinnin avulla tunnistetaan alueet, joilla tulvista voi aiheutua merkittävää va- hinkoa. Näille mahdollisille merkittäville tulvariskialueille laaditaan tulvavaara- ja tulvariskikartat. Tulva- vaarakartalla esitetään tulvan laajuus ja vesisyvyys karttapohjalla tietyllä todennäköisyydellä. Tulvaris- kikartalla kuvataan puolestaan tietyn suuruisen tulvan aiheuttamat mahdolliset vahingot, mm. seurauk- sista kärsivien asukkaiden määrä ja ympäristölle haitalliset kohteet. Tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelmissa esitetään toimenpiteet tulvariskien vähentämiseksi. Vesistötulvien osalta hallintasuunnitelmat laaditaan vesistöalueille, joilla on yksi tai useampi mahdollinen merkittävä tulvariskialue. Vesistöalueiden ja me- renrannikon tulvariskien alustavasta arvioinnista huolehtii elinkeino-, liikenne-, ja ympäristökeskus (ELY). Kunnat vastaavat hulevesitulvariskien arvioinnista alueellaan. Tulvariskien hallinnan suunnittelussa Tenojoen vesistöalueella on myös otettava huomioon seuraavat Lapin alueen erityispiirteet: Saamelaisten kotiseutualueella on otettava huomioon saamelaisten oikeudellinen asema, joka on säädetty perustuslaissa ja kansainvälisissä sopimuksissa. Saamelaiset ovat Suomessa alkuperäis- kansa, jolla on oma kieli ja kulttuuri. Suomen perustuslain (PeL) 17.3 §:n mukaan saamelaisilla alkupe- räiskansana on oikeus ylläpitää ja kehittää omaa kieltään ja kulttuuriaan, PeL 121.4 §:n mukaan saa- melaisilla on saamelaisten kotiseutualueella
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